Curriculum Vitae: John Patrick Considine June 2021
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Saturn As the “Sun of Night” in Ancient Near Eastern Tradition ∗
Saturn as the “Sun of Night” in Ancient Near Eastern Tradition ∗ Marinus Anthony van der Sluijs – Seongnam (Korea) Peter James – London [This article tackles two issues in the “proto-astronomical” conception of the planet Saturn, first attested in Mesopotamia and followed by the Greeks and Hindus: the long-standing problem of Saturn’s baffling association with the Sun; and why Saturn was deemed to be “black”. After an extensive consideration of explanations offered from the 5th century to the 21st, as well as some new “thought experiments”, we suggest that Saturn’s connection with the Sun had its roots in the observations that Saturn’s course appears to be the steadiest one among the planets and that its synodic period – of all the planets – most closely resembles the length of the solar year. For the black colour attributed to Saturn we propose a solution which is partly lexical and partly observational (due to atmospheric effects). Finally, some thoughts are offered on the question why in Hellenistic times some considered the “mock sun” Phaethon of Greek myth to have been Saturn]. Keywords: Saturn, planets, Sun, planet colour. 1. INTRODUCTION Since the late 19th century scholars have been puzzled by a conspicuous peculiarity in the Babylonian nomenclature for the planet Saturn: a number of texts refer to Saturn as the “Sun” ( dutu/20 or Šamaš ), instead of its usual astronomical names Kayam ānu and mul UDU.IDIM. 1 This curious practice was in vogue during the period c. 750-612 BC 2 and is not known from earlier periods, with a single possible exception, discussed below. -
Plato: Influences and Context1
Θεαίτητος | Theaetetus 1 1. Plato: Influences and Context1 1. Socrates. Plato is a member of his inner circle (Apology 34a, Phaedo 59b). Like others, he began to write ‘Socratic discourses’ (Aristotle) after Socrates’s death, continuing for forty years. Philosophy is a dialectical inquiry. Lifelong engagement with sophists. 2. Politics in Athens. The trial and execution of Socrates in 399 BCE shatters Plato’s political confidence. His aristocratic origin contributes to scepticism about democracy and the philosopher’s role in the city (cf. Tht. 172c). Yet: philosophy flourished in late 5th-century Athens. 3. Italy, Sicily. Plato visits Syracuse three times (see next page). He aimed to meet Pythagoreans, in particular Archytas (Tarentum), whose ideas are discernible in his work: immortality of the soul, mathematics, philosophical community. Consequence: founding of Academy in c. 387 BCE (dissolved in 527 CE). 4. Isokrates. The highly influential rhetor (orator) was a life-long foe. Tyranny at home: political rhetoric does (even) more harm than the Sophists (cf. the confusing logic-chopping in Euthydemus; cf. Tht. 164 c, 197a). Rivalry shapes Plato’s mature philosophy. 5. Parmenides, Heraclitus. Before joining Socrates, Plato studied with Cratylus and thus knew Heraclitean views (flux theory). Parmenides of Elea (Italy, early 5th century): only what is could be an intelligible object of thought—the forms. 6. Academy. Plato’s late work depends increasingly less on Socrates. His own views develop in the academy, in conversation with fellow ‘academics’, such as Aristotle. In 347, there are about 20 ‘disciples’, including two women.2 Leaves no dogmatic canon. Successors: Speusippus, Xenocrates, and Polemo (i.e. -
Parmenides' Theistic Metaphysics
Parmenides’ Theistic Metaphysics BY ©2016 Jeremy C. DeLong Submitted to the graduate degree program in Philosophy and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson: Tom Tuozzo ________________________________ Eileen Nutting ________________________________ Scott Jenkins ________________________________ John Symons ________________________________ John Younger Date Defended: May 6th, 2016 ii The Dissertation Committee for Jeremy C. DeLong certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Parmenides’ Theistic Metaphysics ________________________________ Chairperson: Thomas Tuozzo Date Defended: May 6th, 2016 iii Abstract: The primary interpretative challenge for understanding Parmenides’ poem revolves around explaining both the meaning of, and the relationship between, its two primary sections: a) the positively endorsed metaphysical arguments which describe some unified, unchanging, motionless, and eternal “reality” (Aletheia), and b) the ensuing cosmology (Doxa), which incorporates the very principles explicitly denied in Aletheia. I will refer to this problem as the “A-D Paradox.” I advocate resolving this paradoxical relationship by reading Parmenides’ poem as a ring-composition, and incorporating a modified version of Palmer’s modal interpretation of Aletheia. On my interpretation, Parmenides’ thesis in Aletheia is not a counter-intuitive description of how all the world (or its fundamental, genuine entities) must truly be, but rather a radical rethinking of divine nature. Understanding Aletheia in this way, the ensuing “cosmology” (Doxa) can be straightforwardly rejected as an exposition of how traditional, mythopoetic accounts have misled mortals in their understanding of divinity. Not only does this interpretative view provide a resolution to the A-D Paradox, it offers a more holistic account of the poem by making the opening lines of introduction (Proem) integral to understanding Parmenides’ message. -
Geneva, April–August 1593
chapter 7 Geneva, April–August 1593 Thomson seems to have left Christmann’s house in Heidelberg in March 1593. We do not know when he arrived in Geneva, but he was certainly there by August. Henri Estienne, the great Greek scholar and Isaac Casaubon’s difficult father-in-law, was in Geneva during Thomson’s stay.1 Estienne had been absent from the city for eight or nine months when Casaubon wrote to Thomson in April 1594, a statement which allows us to deduce that Thomson had reached Geneva before August 1593.2 Thomson may have heard Casaubon speak pub- licly on the subject of the New World during this visit.3 In Geneva he knew the man who taught Casaubon Hebrew, Pierre Cheva- lier. Their acquaintance, however, cannot have extended beyond Thomson’s time in Geneva: he sent his regards to Chevalier in a letter of December 1593, and is informed of his death by Casaubon in April 1594.4 In his letter of April 1594, Casaubon also sends greetings from Jacques de Lect, a Genevan historian, lawyer and magistrate, and from Paul Estienne, the son of Casaubon’s father-in- 1 Casaubon married Estienne’s daughter Florence, but her father never allowed his son-in- law to enter his library: see Casaubon’s letter to Scaliger of 2 September 1598, in Botley and Van Miert, eds, Scaliger Correspondence, 2012, 3, p. 195; Pattison, Casaubon, 1892, pp. 30–32. Scaliger said: ‘H. Estienne ne voulut point voir sa fille femme de Casaubon. Il n’aymoit point son gendre’ (Scaliger, Secunda Scaligerana, 1740, p. -
The Fragments of the Poem of Parmenides
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by D-Scholarship@Pitt RESTORING PARMENIDES’ POEM: ESSAYS TOWARD A NEW ARRANGEMENT OF THE FRAGMENTS BASED ON A REASSESSMENT OF THE ORIGINAL SOURCES by Christopher John Kurfess B.A., St. John’s College, 1995 M.A., St. John’s College, 1996 M.A., University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 2000 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2012 UNVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences This dissertation was presented by Christopher J. Kurfess It was defended on November 8, 2012 and approved by Dr. Andrew M. Miller, Professor, Department of Classics Dr. John Poulakos, Associate Professor, Department of Communication Dr. Mae J. Smethurst, Professor, Department of Classics Dissertation Supervisor: Dr. Edwin D. Floyd, Professor, Department of Classics ii Copyright © by Christopher J. Kurfess 2012 iii RESTORING PARMENIDES’ POEM Christopher J. Kurfess, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2012 The history of philosophy proper, claimed Hegel, began with the poem of the Presocratic Greek philosopher Parmenides. Today, that poem is extant only in fragmentary form, the various fragments surviving as quotations, translations or paraphrases in the works of better-preserved authors of antiquity. These range from Plato, writing within a century after Parmenides’ death, to the sixth-century C.E. commentator Simplicius of Cilicia, the latest figure known to have had access to the complete poem. Since the Renaissance, students of Parmenides have relied on collections of fragments compiled by classical scholars, and since the turn of the twentieth century, Hermann Diels’ Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, through a number of editions, has remained the standard collection for Presocratic material generally and for the arrangement of Parmenides’ fragments in particular. -
This Course on Plato Provides an In-Depth Account of This Seminal Thinker’S Philosophy
PLATO PHILO 380(W) Dr. V. Adluri Sec. 001 [4921] Office: Hunter West, 12th floor, Room 1242 Spring 2009 Telephone: 973 216 7874 Prof. Adluri Email: [email protected] Monday/Wednesday, 4:10-5:25pm Office hours: Wednesdays, 6:00 – 7:00 P.M and by appointment DESCRIPTION: This course on Plato provides an in-depth account of this seminal thinker’s philosophy. Major themes such as the nature of knowledge, soul, universe, city, God, language, love, and art will be discussed based on selections from all of his dialogues. Plato’s relationship to Pre- Socratic philosophy, especially Parmenides and Heraclitus will be discussed. We will pay special attention to Plato’s use of the dialogic form and its main protagonist: Socrates. In the second half of the course, we will read the Republic in detail, with special attention to the legacy of Plato’s thought in the history of Western Philosophy. Required Text: Plato. Complete Works. Edited by John Cooper. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1997. $54. All textbooks are on order at Shakespeare & Co. Booksellers (939 Lexington Avenue between 68th and 69th streets; 212 570 0201). Shakespeare & Co. also has a limited number of used copies available at lower prices. COURSE OBJECTIVES: This course is intended to give students a basic familiarity with the Platonic corpus and an in-depth knowledge of the Republic. In the first half of the course, students will gain a basic familiarity with Platonic philosophy, including its method of argumentation, its ultimate aims, and its wider political and literary context. We will then apply these insights to a close- reading of the Republic. -
Claudius Salmasius and the Deadness of Neo-Latin
CLAUDIUS SALMASIUS AND THE DEADNESS OF NEO-LATIN John Considine 1. “Eratosthenes seculi nostri”: Salmasius’ reputation Claudius Salmasius (1588–1653) is one of those neo-Latin authors whom hardly anybody seems to read: in the two volumes of IJsewijn and Sacré’s Companion to Neo-Latin Studies, he is mentioned only once, in passing.1 No full-scale biography of him has ever been published.2 This is strange when one considers how highly he was praised in his own century. To Hugo Grotius, he was “Vir infinitae lectionis”; to Johannes Fredericus Gronovius, “Varro et Eratosthenes seculi nostri.”3 Salmasius’ reputation has declined: the afterlife of Gronovius’ comparison makes the point. “He certainly deserved his reputation for learning as the Eratosthenes of his time,” remarks Rudolf Pfeiffer, directing the reader in a footnote to the final page of his own earlier account of Eratosthenes.4 There, Eratosthenes is called “one of the greatest scholars of all times,” but his nicknames “beta” (implying “second-best at everything”) and “the pentathlete” (implying “jack of all trades”) are also quoted.5 The paradox by which scholars of exceptionally broad learning are less celebrated than their more limited contemporaries has affected the repu- tations of other philologists. Modern studies of Salmasius concentrate on one aspect or another of his intellectual life, such as his work on language or on classical philology.6 But there are other factors at work in the case of 1 Jozef IJsewijn, Companion to Neo-Latin Studies ed. 2 (second volume with Dirk Sacré) (Leuven, 1990–1998), 2: 286. 2 The fullest biographical treatment in English appears to be Kathryn A. -
Olearius on Atomism and Theism in Heraclitus: a Presocratic in Late 17Th Century Germany
Rhizomata 2015; 3(1): 94–123 Oliver Primavesi Olearius on Atomism and Theism in Heraclitus: A Presocratic in late 17th century Germany Abstract: In a 1697 monograph, Gottfried Olearius (1672–1715) endeavours to establish Heraclitus as an important new witness for a general thesis upheld by Ralph Cudworth in 1678. According to Cudworth, Greek philosophers earlier than or independent of Leucippus combined a version of atomism with the belief that the world is ruled by God(s). Olearius tries to improve on Cudworth by showing that Heraclitus, who does not figure among Cudworth’s authorities, also upheld both atomism and theism. As to Heraclitean atomism, Olearius starts from a contra diction within the doxographical tradition: According to some authors, the first principle of Nature in Heraclitus is fire, according to others it is exhala- tion, i.e. air. Olearius suggests that neither “fire” nor “exhalation” can bear their ordinary meaning here, but that Heraclitus uses both terms to hint at very small, swiftly moved, indivisible particles; yet defining such particles as principles of nature must count as atomism. This result is confirmed by a metallurgical simile, apparently used by Heraclitus, which was taken by Aristotle and the doxographi- cal tradition to imply that Heraclitus traced back everything there is to very small and indivisible fire particles prior to the One. The ascription of theism to Heracli- tus, in turn, rests on two further texts which report that Heraclitus ascribed the periodical condensation and rarefaction of matter to a Fate (εἱμαρμένη) function- ing as Demiurge, and that this power is to be identified with Logos and God. -
Seventeenth-Century News NEO-LATIN NEWS
180 seventeenth-century news NEO-LATIN NEWS Vol. 60, Nos. 3 & 4. Jointly with SCN. NLN is the offi cial publica- tion of the American Association for Neo-Latin Studies. Edited by Craig Kallendorf, Texas A&M University; Western European Editor: Gilbert Tournoy, Leuven; Eastern European Editors: Jerzy Axer, Barbara Milewska-Wazbinska, and Katarzyna Tomaszuk, Centre for Studies in the Classical Tradition in Poland and East- Central Europe, University of Warsaw. Founding Editors: James R. Naiden, Southern Oregon University, and J. Max Patrick, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and Graduate School, New York University. ♦ Bessarion Scholasticus: A Study of Cardinal Bessarion’s Latin Library. By John Monfasani. Byzantios: Studies in Byzantine His- tory and Civilization, 3. Turnhout: Brepols, 2011. XIV + 306 pp. 65 euros. Bessarion fi rst made a name for himself as a spokesman for the Greek side at the Council of Ferrara-Florence in 1438-39. He became a cardinal in the western church and was a serious candidate for the papacy more than once. Bessarion amassed an enormous library that was especially famous for its collection of Greek manuscripts, then left it to the Republic of Venice with the intention of making it the core of what is now the Biblioteca Marciana. He patronized humanist scholars and writers and was himself Italy’s leading Platonist before Marsilio Ficino, with his In calumniatores Platonis being an important text in the Renaissance Plato-Aristotle controversy. He died in 1472, well known and well respected. Th is is the Bessarion we all think we know, but the Bessarion who emerges from the pages of Bessarion Scholasticus stubbornly refuses to be constrained within these limits. -
EK Schreiber
E.K. Schreiber Rare Books List of 16th- 18th-Century Books And a Remarkable Early 15th-Century MS Document 285 Central Park West . New York, NY 10024 Telephone: (212) 873-3180; (212) 873-3181 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ekslibris.com ***Visitors by Appointment Only*** E.K. Schreiber. New York, NY 10024. (212) 873-3180 [email protected] ______________________________________________________________________________________ 1. AESCHYLUS. [Greek] Αἰσχύλου τραγωδιάι Ζ ... σχολία εἰς τὰς αὐτὰς τραγωδίας. Aeschyli Tragoediae VII. (Ed. P. Vettori & H. Estienne). [Geneva]: Henri Estienne, 1557. $5,600 4to (leaf size: 244 x 170 mm), [4] leaves, 397 (numbered 395: with 2 unnumbered pages [fol. n2] between pp. 138 and 139) pp., [1] blank leaf. Greek type; Estienne device [Schreiber 15] on title. 18th-century white calf, double gilt fillet round sides, brown morocco label on spine titled in gilt; all edges gilt; copy ruled in red throughout; on the front paste-down is the engraved armorial bookplate of Robert Shafto, Esq., of Benwell; on the rear paste-down is the engraved armorial bookplate of William Adair, Esq.; old, unobtrusive ownership signature on title; binding somewhat soiled; overall a fine, wide-margined copy. First complete edition of the tragedies of the first dramatist of Western civilization. This edition is important for including the editio princeps of Agamemnon, the greatest Aeschylean tragedy, and one of the greatest masterpieces of Western dramatic literature. The three previous editions (the Aldine of 1518, and Robortello's and Turnèbe's editions of 1552) had all been based on a manuscript tradition exhibiting a lacuna of more than two-thirds of Agamemnon. -
Plato's Parmenides This Page Intentionally Left Blank PLATO's PARMENIDES
Plato's Parmenides This page intentionally left blank PLATO'S PARMENIDES Constance C. Meinwald New York Oxford Oxford University Press 1991 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Petaling Jaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1991 by Constance C. Meinwald Published by Oxford University Press 200 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meinwald, Constance C. Plato's Parmenides / Constance C. Meinwald. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. Includes index. ISBN 0-19-506445-3 1. Plato. Parmenides. 2. Reasoning. 3. Socrates. 4. Zeno, of Elea. I. Title. B378.M45 1991 90-35419 184—dc20 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My work on Plato's Parmenides began as a 1987 doctoral dissertation at Princeton University. The present book was completed after I had joined the faculty of the University of Illinois at Chicago. Thus, i have received help on this project from many individuals. First of all, I owe thanks to Michael Frede for helping me choose my topic and for his insightful advice over the years. But others at Princeton have given vital help, especially David Furley, Sally Haslanger, Mark Johnston, and Wolfgang Mann. -
Controversy, Competition, and Insult in the Republic of Letters
REVIEW ESSAY Controversy, Competition, and Insult in the Republic of Letters Kai Bremer and Carlos Spoerhase, eds., “Theologisch-polemisch-poetische Sachen”: Gelehrte Polemik im 18. Jahrhundert. Zeitsprünge: Forschungen zur Frühen Neuzeit 19. Frankfurt: Klostermann, 2015. Pp. viii1364. €49.00 (paper). Kai Bremer and Carlos Spoerhase, eds., Gelehrte Polemik: Intellektuelle Konfliktvers- chärfungen um 1700. Zeitsprünge: Forschungen zur Frühen Neuzeit 15. Frankfurt: Klostermann, 2011. Pp. iv1440. €40.00 (paper). Sari Kivisto, The Vices of Learning: Morality and Knowledge at Early Modern Universities. Leiden: Brill, 2014. Pp. 304. US$163.00 (paper). t might seem straightforward to suggest that quarrels have pervaded the European Ihistory of humanities. From the Christian world chronologies of Africanus and Eu- sebius through the medieval nominalist and realist philosophers to the battle of the classical philologists in nineteenth-century Germany, humanists’ passion to advance sweeping views has often accompanied authentic innovation in their disciplines. Ac- tually, in the books under review, polemic and hostility come as a major change in our received picture of the Republic of Letters, the prolific international community of scholars that flourished across Europe from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. We have been far more accustomed to hear of these humanists as sociable and polite citizens of an invisible and somewhat utopian state. In these new histories of conflict, and in the vigorous rise of similar scholarship in recent years, we can repeat John Milton’s discovery in Paradise Lost: Satan is a more interesting hero than Adam. For the last three decades, a highly stable discussion centered in France has shown how the Republic of Letters worked.1 The question arises because humanists often operated outside formal institutions, and their relationships often crossed national and religious boundaries.