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Digenean Trematodes of Crocodiles Collected by Johann Natterer in Brazil, Deposited in the Natural History Museum, Vienna

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Digenean Trematodes of Crocodiles Collected by Johann Natterer in Brazil, Deposited in the Natural History Museum, Vienna ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 104 B 399-413 Wien, März 2003 Digenean trematodes of crocodiles collected by Johann Natterer in Brazil, deposited in the Natural History Museum, Vienna M. Ostrowski de Nünez* Abstract The helminths from six vials in the Collection of the Natural History Museum, Vienna, were mounted as permanent preparations and the following species were found: Stephanoprora nattereri sp.n., Stephanoprora sp., Caballerotrema sp., Echinostoma sp., Pseudotelorchis caimanis CATTO & AMATO, 1993, Proctocaecum dorsale CATTO & AMATO, 1993, Acanthostomum(l) sp., and Prohemistomum(7) sp. Johann Natterer collected these helminths from the crocodiles Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus in the Mato Grosso, Brazil, between 1825 and 1830. Most of the specimens are in a relatively good condi- tion. Pseudotelorchis caimanis and P. dorsale were recently described from C. crocodilus in Brazil, thus demonstrating their continuous presence over the last 200 years. Key words: Natterer, Helminth Collection, Vienna, Stephanoprora, Caballerotrema, Echinostoma, Pseudo- telorchis, Proctocaecum, Acanthostomum, Prohemistomum, Melanosuchus, Caiman Zusammenfassung Von den Helminthen aus 6 Gläsern der Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien wurden Dauerprä- parate angefertigt und folgende Arten bestimmt und beschrieben: Stephanoprora nattereri sp.n., Stephanoprora sp., Caballerotrema sp., Echinostoma sp., Pseudotelorchis caimanis CATTO & AMATO, 1993, Proctocaecum dorsale CATTO & AMATO, 1993, A cant hos to mu m(?) sp., Prohemistomum(?) sp. Diese Helminthen wurde von J. Natterer aus den Krokodilen Melanosuchus niger und Caiman crocodilus des Mato Grosso, Brasilien, in den Jahren 1825-1830, gesammelt. Die Würmer befinden sich zum grossen Teil in einem guten Zustand. Pseudotelorchis caimanis und P. dorsale wurden kürzlich in Brasilien aus Caiman crocodilus beschrieben, und beweisen damit ein kontinuirliches Vorhandensein in den letzen rund 200 Jahren. Introduction Johann Natterer, an assistant curator at the Museum of Natural History in Vienna, Austria, travelled throughout Brazil during the years 1817-1834. He collected and pre- pared nearly 50,000 specimens of all classes of vertebrates, sending them back to the Museum in Vienna. He also preserved the parasites from the digestive tracts of several of the collected animals. Part of this material was studied by the early pioneers of trematodology (i.e. C.A. Rudolphi, F. Dujardin, G.P.H. Brandes, J.G. Bremser, K.M. Diesing, M. Braun, E. Dietz, and F. Fischoeder) during the years 1819-1903 (SATTMANN & al. 1999). DUBOIS (1936) mainly based his study of the diplostomes of reptiles on specimens collected by J. Natterer. In recent times, this helminth collection continues being used to study type material (MACKO 1968, OSTROWSKI DE NÛNEZ 1986). Margarita Ostrowski de Nünez, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Narurales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II. 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 400 Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 104 B In this study I examined six vials from the Evertebrata Varia Collection of the Natural History Museum in Vienna (NHMW ZOOEV), which contained digenean parasites from crocodiles collected by J. Natterer in the Mato Grosso, Brazil, during the years 1825-1829. These parasites belong to the families Echinostomatidae, Acanthostomidae and Telorchiidae. Material and Methods The specimens were preserved in ethanol in the vials Nos.: 766, 768, 772, 781,786, and 787. Since handling could damage the specimens due to their fragile condition, they were mounted as permanent preparations in order to avoid distorting this historic material as much as possible. Some specimens were stained with chlorhydric carmine. Most of the specimens and fragments were cleared in creosote without staining and mounted in Canada balsam. Four fragments of Caballerotrema were embedded in paraffin for histo- logical sections and stained using the Mallory method, as modified by Frank Crandall (F. Crandall, personal communication). The holotype of Stephanoprora campomica NASIR & DIAZ, 1971, US National Parasite Collection (USNPC) No. 072119, from Caiman crocodilus (L.), Venezuela, and two voucher specimens of S. jacaretinga TEXEIRA DE FREITAS & LENT, 1938 (USNPC No. 082638) from Crocodilus crocodilus yacare, Brazil, collected and deposited by J.B. Catto (July 1988), S. jacaretinga from Caiman sclerops (No. 9808, type material) and from Caiman crocodilus yacare (No. 33036a, b, deposited by Catto, 1988) from the Helminth Collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Caballerotrema arapaimense THATCHER, 1980 (No. 5745), and C. aruanense THATCHER, 1980 (No. 5744) from Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Säo Paulo (MZUSP) were compared. Specimens and fragments were studied using an Olympus BH-2 NIC microscope and figures were made with the help of a camera lucida. Measurements are given in micrometers, unless otherwise stated, with the range followed by the mean in parentheses, when more than 3 measurements were taken. Forebody is measured from anterior extremity to anterior border of ventral sucker, total body length has been abbreviated as TBL. Crocodile nomenclature follows TRAVASSOS & al. (1969) and FREIBERG (1977), but the original identification of the vials presumably made by Natterer is also given in parentheses. Results Most of the specimens, preserved for ca. 170 years, were in a relatively good condition, especially those with stout bodies. More slender specimens were seriously damaged and broken, and nearly all specimens had debris firmly attached to the tegument. Staining with chlorhydric carmine gave poor results, as shown in Acanthostomum syphocephalum (BRAUN, 1899) by OSTROWSKJ DE NUNEZ (1986). Vials No. 772, 786 and 787 only con- tained specimens of Echinostomatidae. Two different species were found in vial No. 781 : nine specimens of an acanthostomid trematode and two whole, although damaged, specimens and several fragments of Stephanoprora sp. Vial No. 768 contained a species of Telorchiidae and vial No. 766 had poorly-preserved specimens and fragments of an acanthostomid and a cyathocotylid. ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at OSTROWSKI DE NÛNEZ: Digenean trematodes of crocodiles collected by Johann Natterer in Brazil 401 One species is considered as new, three are described at the generic level, two were recently described by CATTO & AMATO (1993a, b), whereas two others could only be poorly characterised due to their inadequate conditions. Stephanoprora nattereri sp.n. (Figs 1-5) Material: 4 specimens, mounted in Canada balsam, from vial 787, NHMW ZOOEV microslide No. 4329 (holotype), microslides No. 4330/a-c (paratypes); measurements based on 4 mounted, ovigerous specimens. Description: Body elongate, 8.8-13 (11.3) mm x 384-576 (520) at ventral sucker level. Tegument spinous, with denser spines, 22-28 (25) long at forebody; diminishing in size, 13-25 (19) long, and density toward posterior testis level. Head collar 720-944 (852), armed with 22 straight spines arranged in single, dorsally interrupted row. Corner spines 88-107 (97) x 22-35 (29); remainder ones almost the same size 91-101 (97) x 25-35 (30), except for spine adjacent to dorsal interval 85-110 (100) x 25-38 (33). Oral sucker ter- minal, 126-176 (141) x 157-220 (192); prepharynx 94-144 (124); pharynx muscular, 188-251 (232) x 119-207 (170), situated anteriorly to corner spines level; oesophagus 1.1-1,4 (1.2) mm long; intestinal bifurcation at 107-207 (162), anterior to ventral suck- er, forming 2 blind caeca, which almost reach posterior end. Pharynx/oral sucker length ratio: 1:1.4-1.9 (1:1.7), width ratio: 1:0.8-1 (1:0.9). Ventral sucker 480-768 (676) x 448- 720 (644), situated at end of anterior fourth of body. Oral sucker/ventral sucker length ratio 1:3.8-5.7 (1:4.8), width ratio 1:2.8-3.8 (1:3.3). Genital organs approximately in mid-body region. Testes elongate, in one specimen slightly sinuous, with regular bor- ders, arranged in tandem; anterior testis 800-1,040 (932) x 256-400 (304); posterior testis 800-960 (904) x 240-320 (292); testes separated 251-659 (510). Cirrus-sac dorsal to ventral sucker, 408-534 (487) x 220-283 (243), overlapping up to 2/3 of ventral sucker length. Seminal vesicle bipartite; prostatic glands and cirrus not discernible. Genital pore anterior to ventral sucker. Ovary round, 144-251 (193) x 188-251 (226), anterior to anterior testis; Mehlis' gland, small vitelline receptacle and uterine seminal receptacle present. Uterus containing up to ca. 300 eggs, 71-84 (79) x 44-59 (52), between ovary and gonopore. Distance between posterior border of ventral sucker and anterior border of ovary (vv-ov) representing 10.4-12.3 (11.4) % of TBL. Vitellarium follicular, follicles transversally elongate, extending in lateral bands from anterior level of anterior testis (in one specimen from ovary level) to posterior body end. Vitelline fields posterior to testes leaving narrow area free of follicles ventrally and dorsally. Distance between posterior border of posterior testes and body end representing 40.6-43.8 (41.9) % of TBL. Host: Melanosuchus niger (Crocodili jacare guaçu). Location: Unspecified, probably intestine. Locality: Mato Grosso, Brazil. Etymology: the species is named after J. Natterer, the collector of these helminths. Remarks: The four specimens of this
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