Verlorene Kirchen Dresdens Zerstörte Gotteshäuser Eine Dokumentation Seit 1938

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Verlorene Kirchen Dresdens Zerstörte Gotteshäuser Eine Dokumentation Seit 1938 Faktum Dresden Die sächsische Landeshauptstadt in Zahlen · 2015/2016 Verlorene Kirchen Dresdens zerstörte Gotteshäuser Eine Dokumentation seit 1938 Verlorene Kirchen Dresdens zerstörte Gotteshäuser Eine Dokumentation seit 1938 Dank Abb. 1: Rathaus und Evangelisch-reformierte Kirche, um 1910 Für umfangreiche Unterstützung oder für die Bereitstellung historischer Unterlagen danken die Autoren ■ Dr. Roland Ander ■ Eberhard Mittelbach, ehemaliger ■ Claudia Baum Sprengmeister ■ Pfarrer i. R. Johannes Böhme ■ Anita Niederlag, Landesamt für Denk- ■ Ulrich Eichler malpflege ■ Pfarrer Bernd Fischer, St.-Franziskus- ■ Rosemarie Petzold Xaverius-Gemeinde ■ Gerd Pfitzner, Amt für Kultur und ■ Martina Fröhlich, Bildstelle Stadt- Denkmalschutz planungsamt ■ Pfarrer i. R. Hanno Schmidt ■ Gerd Hiltscher, ehemaliger Küster der ■ Pfarrer Michael Schubert, St.-Pauli- Versöhnungskirche Gemeinde ■ Uwe Kind, Ipro Dresden ■ Dr. Peter W. Schumann, Gesellschaft ■ Stefan Kügler, Förderverein Trinitatis- zur Förderung einer Gedenkstätte für kirchruine den Sophienkirche Dresden e. V. ■ Cornelia Kraft ■ Friedrich Reichert, Stadtmuseum ■ Christa Lauffer, May Landschafts- ■ Pfarrer Klaus Vesting, Evangelisch- architekten reformierte-Gemeinde Abb. 2: Rathaus und Evangelisch-reformierte Kirche, nach 1945 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 4 Die St.-Pauli-Kirche 40 Manfred Wiemer Joachim Liebers Einführung 5 Die Evangelisch-reformierte Kirche 44 Prof. Gerhard Glaser Dr. Manfred Dreßler † Die Sophienkirche 6 Die Trinitatiskirche 48 Dietmar Schreier und Manfred Lauffer † Dirk Schumann Die Kapelle „Zum heiligen Kreuz“ im Taschenbergpalais 12 Die Jakobikirche 52 Karlfried Apostel † Claudia Posselt und Joachim Winkler Die Synagoge 16 Die Lukaskirche 57 Dietmar Schreier und Manfred Lauffer † Joachim Winkler Die katholische Pfarrkirche St. Franziskus Xaverius 20 Die Krankenhauskapelle Johannstadt 61 Joachim Liebers Joachim Winkler Die Anglikanische Kirche All Saints Church 24 Die Andreaskirche 64 Hans-Jochen Freiesleben Hansjörg Dehnert Die Johanneskirche 27 Die Kirche des Ehrlichschen Gestifts 67 Joachim Winkler Karlfried Apostel † Die Erlöserkirche 31 Die Zionskirche 70 Hansjörg Dehnert Wolfgang Made Die Amerikanische Kirche 35 Die Kapelle des Josephinenstifts 74 Hans-Jochen Freiesleben Claudia Posselt Die Schottische Kirche 38 Quellen- und Bildnachweise 78 Hans-Jochen Freiesleben Abb. 3: Sophienkirche, um 1800 3 Vorwort Die besonderen ideellen und psycholo- gab der ehrenamtliche Denkmalpfleger zunächst unter Mitwirkung von zwei gischen Folgen gezielter Zerstörung von Manfred Lauffer, der mit dem städtischen Studierenden des Fachbereichs Kunst- Menschenwerk sind hinlänglich beschrie- Denkmalschutzamt eine Fotoausstellung geschichte der TU Dresden zu einer ben. Die Beseitigung seiner Behausung zum Wiederaufbau der Frauenkirche umfangreichen Ausstellung, bestehend trifft den Einzelnen in seiner Existenz. erarbeitet hat. aus 20 großformatigen Tafeln, zusam- Stürzen die Gotteshäuser ein, verlieren Frühzeitig war zu konstatieren, dass mengestellt. Zur Eröffnung des „Tages die Menschen einen wichtigen Teil ihrer die Quellenlage für einige der aus dem des offenen Denkmals“ 2007 wurde die Gemeinschaft. Sie an dieser Stelle zu tref- Stadtbild verschwundenen Kirchen ausge- Ausstellung „Verlorene Kirchen“ erstmals fen ist schon seit Menschengedenken ein sprochen schlecht war. Das Amt für Kultur präsentiert. Die öffentliche Resonanz war bewusst eingesetztes Mittel zur Demüti- und Denkmalschutz wandte sich deshalb überwältigend, der Wunsch, diese For- gung und Unterwerfung. an die Öffentlichkeit mit der Bitte, Doku- schungsergebnisse in gedruckter Form Die Betrachtung der „Verlorenen mente, Fotos und Aufzeichnungen, die der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen, Kirchen“ in Dresden beschränkt sich etwas über die Bauten und das Gemeinde- führte zum vorliegenden Ergebnis. deshalb in der vorliegenden Publikation leben der „Verlorenen Kirchen“ aussagen Die im Jahr 2008 erstmalig heraus nicht auf die baulichen und stadtgestalte- konnten, zur Verfügung zu stellen. Auf gegebene und wiederholt vergriffene rischen Verluste, wenngleich schon diese diesem Wege erhielten wir zahlreiche Broschüre „Verlorene Kirchen“ wird nach allein von hoher Bedeutung sind. Mit der Hinweise und Dokumente, die neben der wie vor von vielen interessierten Bürge- Vernichtung der Synagoge im November Auswertung der örtlichen Archive und der rinnen und Bürgern nicht nur aus Dresden 1938 begann auch in Dresden die gezielte Befragung der heutigen Gemeinden hal- nachgefragt. Aus diesem Anlass haben wir Zerstörung kultureller Werte. fen, einige der spurlos verschwundenen 2014 umfangreiche Aktualisierungen und Am 13. Februar 1945 erreichte Kirchen in Erinnerung zu rufen. Ergänzungen vorgenommen. Diese zweite Dresden der wenige Jahre zuvor entzün- Unter der organisatorischen Leitung Auflage wird noch immer nachgefragt. dete Flächenbrand. Eine späte Folge, des damaligen Ortsamtsleiters von Wir freuen uns, dass wir sie jetzt mit neu- nicht zufällig an einem Gotteshaus voll- Leuben, Joachim Liebers, und umfassen- er Gestaltung noch einmal zur Verfügung zogen, war der Abriss der Sophienkirche der fachlicher Mitarbeit des Referenten stellen können. im Jahr 1962. Zwischen diesen Daten Dirk Schumann vom städtischen Amt liegt der Ruin einer Vielzahl herausra- für Kultur und Denkmalschutz, gelang gender kulturhistorisch bedeutender es den beteiligten neun ehrenamtlichen Gotteshäuser. Denkmalpflegern umfangreiches Materi- Den Anstoß zur Erforschung der al zusammenzutragen. Manfred Wiemer zerstörten und später nicht oder nur Dieses Material – zum Teil unbekannt Leiter des Amtes für Kultur und teilweise wieder aufgebauten Kirchen und bisher unveröffentlicht – wurde Denkmalschutz 4 Einführung Eine Stadt am Fluss, die sich gleichsam in eines römischen Architekten als Zeugnis Dreikönigskirche, Loschwitzer Kirche und Jahresringen über Jahrhunderte entwi- der Weltläufigkeit. Die kirchliche Baukunst Frauenkirche – konnten durch Wieder- ckelte, hat ihre Zeichen gesetzt in Gestalt des Historismus in ihrer ganzen Vielschich- aufbau gerettet, drei – Trinitatiskirche, der Brücken und in Gestalt der Kirchen. tigkeit war in Dresden besonders ablesbar, Paulikirche und Zionskirche – wenigstens Die Brücken markieren den Festungsring, beginnend mit der Synagoge Gottfried als Ruinen bewahrt werden. Die übrigen, den Ring um die alten inneren Vorstädte Sempers in orientalisch geprägten romani- die meisten selbst noch in ihren Ruinen und schließlich um die Vorstädte des 18. schen Formen, nur zehn Jahre später gefolgt monumental und stadtbildprägend, wurden und 19. Jahrhunderts, Friedrichstadt und von der katholischen Kirche St. Franziskus in den 50er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts Johannstadt. Von den Höhen hinab wurde Xaverus, ebenfalls neoromanisch, doch von abgebrochen, dem Wahn einer komplex das noch anschaulicher durch die Türme italischem Geiste getragen und im Innern zu schaffenden neuen sozialistischen Stadt der Kirchen, konzentriert innerhalb der ein Gesamtkunstwerk von Architektur und geopfert. Eine gewisse Anschauung konnte Festung als Ausdruck friedlichen Nebenei- Malerei. Ein ganz anderer Geist, der der gewahrt werden von der Alten Synagoge nanders der verschiedenen Bekenntnisse kühlen englischen Frühgotik, zeigte sich in durch Abbildung eines Teils ihres Grundris- und Religionen, dann weiter stromab durch der Anglikanischen Kirche in der Wiener ses in der Fläche zwischen Neuer Synagoge St. Annen und St. Jakobi in der Wilsdruffer Straße nahe dem Hauptbahnhof. Die beiden und jüdischem Gemeindehaus und durch Vorstadt und stromauf durch St. Johannis Ende der 70er Jahre des 19. Jahrhunderts die Wiederherstellung der alten Raumpro- in der Pirnaischen Vorstadt. Die Jahresringe nacheinander von Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel portionen der Kapelle im Taschenbergpalais der seit Mitte des 19. Jh. immer volkrei- errichteten Kirchen St. Johannis und Erlöser- bei dessen Wiederaufbau. Durch die abs- cher werdenden Stadt wurden besonders kirche brachten hingegen französische Gotik trahierte Wiedererrichtung der Busmann- markiert durch die neuen Kirchen Martin nach Dresden und zeichneten sich aus durch kapelle der Sophienkirche in Verbindung Luther, St. Pauli und St. Petri im Norden, die sorgfältigstes Studium dieser ursprünglichen mit dem zum Teil bereits eingepflasterten im 19. Jahrhundert gehöhte alte Dorfkirche Stilformen und exzellente kunsthandwerk- Grundriss der Kirche und den als Stelen Briesnitz stromab im Westen, die Lukas- liche Durchbildung. Zeitlich am Ende der dargestellten südlichen Strebepfeilen wird kirche vom Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts im Reihe der Kirchen des Historismus – Martin- in Trauer erinnert und gemahnt an die Zer- Süden und die aus dem Ende des 19. und Luther-Kirche, Trinitatiskirche, die Garnisons- störung der Stadt am 13. Februar 1945 und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts stammenden Bau- kirche und die Himmelfahrtskirche wären an den Missbrauch der Macht in den Jahren ten der Trinitatis- und Herz Jesu Kirche, der hier noch besonders hervorzuheben – stand danach, dem nicht nur die älteste Kirche Erlöser- und Versöhnungskirche stromauf der Zentralbau der städtebaulich besonders der Stadt, sondern sechzehn weitere zum im Osten. Die Dresdner Kirchen standen im wirksamen Jakobikirche am Wettiner Platz, Opfer fielen. Es bedurfte nicht einmal einer doppelten Sinne des Wortes auch für die der rheinische Romanik nach Dresden brach- Generation, und sie waren vergessen, aus Weltoffenheit der Stadt seit dem 18. und te. Einen neuen Aufbruch zu Beginn des dem
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