Wyoming Military Historic Context, 1920-1989

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Wyoming Military Historic Context, 1920-1989 Solutions for Your Site Development, Construction and Environmental Projects October 8, 2009 TolTest Project No. 21524 Mr. Ernesto Perez, COR 300 Vesle Drive F. E. Warren AFB, WY 82005 Subject: Contract No. FA8903-04-D-8720, Task Order 0019 Historical Context Study of Military Sites in Wyoming from 1920 to the End of the Cold War F. E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming Historical Context Study – Final Document Dear Mr. Perez: Enclosed is the final document of the historical context study and bibliography. As required per the contract 25 compact disks and 2 hard copies were delivered to F.E. Warren Air Force Base. Should you have any questions or require any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me at 419-794-3648. Sincerely, TOLTEST, INC. Brett Boyce Project Coordinator Enclosed: Historical Context Study (Final Document) cc: Ms. Amy Morteg – AFCEE CO Ms. Leilani Woods – F. E. Warren AFB Mr. Mark Miller – State Archeologist Ms. Judy Wolf – Wyoming SHPO Ms. Mary Hopkins – Wyoming SHPO Mr. Kurt Schweigert - TEC 1480 Ford Street, Maumee, OH 43537, Phone (419) 794-3500, Fax (419) 794-3901 The preferred and trusted partner of our clients and associates. Wyoming Military Historic Context, 1920-1989 Contract No. FA8903-04-D-8720 Task Order 0019 Prepared by: 1480 Ford Street and Maumee, OH 43537 1658 Cole Boulevard, Suite 190 Golden, CO 80401 Prepared for: Wyoming State Historic Air Force Center for Preservation Office Environmental Flight Engineering and the 2301 Central Avenue F.E. Warren Air Force Base Environment/AC Barrett Building, Third Floor 300 Vesle Drive 3300 Sidney Brooks Road Cheyenne, WY 82002 Cheyenne, WY 82005 Brooks City-Base, TX 78235 October 2009 Wyoming Military Historic Context, 1920-1989 Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Number LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................v MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 3 1.1 PURPOSE AND GOALS ................................................................................................ 3 1.1.1 Definition of a Historic Context ....................................................................... 3 1.1.2 Uses of a Historic Context ................................................................................ 3 1.1.3 Need for 1920-1989 Military Sites Context for Wyoming; Previous Research ............................................................................................. 3 1.2 METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES .............................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Limitations of Current Study ............................................................................ 6 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THIS CONTEXT ....................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 – BRIEF SUMMARY OF MILITARY HISTORY IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 ............................................................................................................................ 11 2.1 WORLD WAR I AND THE INTERWAR YEARS...................................................... 11 2.2 WORLD WAR II ........................................................................................................... 16 2.3 POST WWII AND COLD WAR ERA .......................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 3 – THE U.S. ARMY IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 ............................................... 29 3.1 ORIGINS AND SERVICE BEFORE 1920 ................................................................... 29 3.2 THE ARMY IN WYOMING IN THE INTERWAR ERA, 1920-1940. ....................... 37 3.3 THE ARMY IN WYOMING DURING WORLD WAR II AND POST-WAR, 1940-1947. ..................................................................................................................... 48 3.3.1 Fort F.E. Warren During World War II .......................................................... 49 3.3.2 Casper Army Air Base .................................................................................... 57 3.3.3 Cheyenne Modification Center No. 10 ........................................................... 64 3.3.4 WWII Prisoner of War Camps in Wyoming ................................................... 68 3.3.5 Heart Mountain Relocation Center ................................................................. 76 CHAPTER 4 – U.S. AIR FORCE IN WYOMING, 1947-1989 .............................................. 99 CHAPTER 5 – THE NATIONAL GUARD IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 ............................ 133 5.1 ORIGINS AND SERVICE BEFORE 1920 ................................................................. 133 5.2 THE WYOMING GUARD IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD, 1920-1940 .................. 133 5.2.1 Historical Narrative ....................................................................................... 133 5.3 THE WYOMING NATIONAL GUARD IN WWII, 1940-1946 ................................ 152 5.4 THE WYOMING NATIONAL GUARD IN THE COLD WAR ERA, 1946-1989 ... 160 5.5 THE WYOMING AIR NATIONAL GUARD IN THE COLD WAR ERA, 1946-1989 .................................................................................................................... 174 Wyoming Military Historic Context, 1920-1989 Page ii CHAPTER 6 – ARMY, NAVY, AND AIR FORCE RESERVES IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 .......................................................................................................................... 183 6.1 ORIGINS AND SERVICE BEFORE 1920 ................................................................. 183 6.2 THE ARMY RESERVES IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 .............................................. 184 6.3 ARMY ROTC IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 ................................................................ 190 6.4 AIR FORCE RESERVES IN WYOMING, 1948-1989 .............................................. 190 6.5 AIR FORCE ROTC IN WYOMING, 1948-1989 ....................................................... 191 6.6 NAVAL RESERVES IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 ..................................................... 191 6.7 MARINE RESERVES IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 ................................................... 192 CHAPTER 7 – VETERANS AFFAIRS, 1920-1989 .............................................................. 193 7.1 THE VA HOSPITAL AT SHERIDAN, 1921-1989 .................................................... 194 7.2 THE CHEYENNE VETERANS MEDICAL CENTER, 1932-1989 .......................... 199 7.3 WYOMING SOLDIERS AND SAILORS HOME (WYOMING VETERANS HOME), 1903-1989 ..................................................................................................... 202 CHAPTER 8 – ANCILLARY MILITARY AFFAIRS IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 .......... 203 8.1 SELECTIVE SERVICE............................................................................................... 203 8.2 CIVIL DEFENSE ........................................................................................................ 209 CHAPTER 9 – PROPERTY TYPES IN WYOMING, 1920-1989 ....................................... 215 9.1 PROPERTY TYPES .................................................................................................... 215 9.2 EVALUATION CRITERIA ........................................................................................ 218 9.2.1 National Register of Historic Places Criteria for Evaluation ........................ 218 9.2.2 Special Consideration for Cold War Properties Less than 50 Years Old ..... 219 9.2.3 Integrity Criteria ............................................................................................ 222 9.2.4 Period of Significance ................................................................................... 224 9.3 MAJOR TRAINING/ACTIVITY COMPLEXES ....................................................... 225 9.3.1 F.E. Warren AFB .......................................................................................... 225 9.3.2 Pole Mountain Target and Maneuver Area ................................................... 233 9.3.3 Casper Army Air Base and Bombing/Gunnery Ranges ............................... 238 9.3.4 Cheyenne Modification Center No. 10 and Wyoming Air National Guard Facilities ............................................................................................. 249 9.3.5 Camp Guernsey ............................................................................................. 254 9.3.6 Heart Mountain Relocation Camp ................................................................ 263 9.3.7 CCC and POW Camps .................................................................................. 273 9.3.8 Veterans Care Facilities ................................................................................ 281 9.4 INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY TYPES, WYOMING MILITARY HISTORY, 1920-1989 .................................................................................................................... 286 9.4.1 Administration .............................................................................................. 287 9.4.2 Safety and Security ......................................................................................
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