Physicians for Human Rights 2015 Annual Report Physicians for Human Rights

For 30 years, Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) has used medicine and science to document and call attention to mass atrocities and severe human rights violations.

PHR is a global organization founded on the idea that health professionals, with their specialized skills, ethical duties, and credible voices, are uniquely positioned to stop human rights violations. PHR’s investigations

Cover: and expertise are used to advocate for the Protesters from New York City’s medical and human rights protection of persecuted health workers communities at a “die-in” organized by PHR to draw attention to and facilities under attack, prevent torture, the deliberate targeting of medical workers and facilities document mass atrocities, and hold those in the Syrian conflict. Photo: Spencer Platt/Getty Images who violate human rights accountable.

Table of Contents 8 PHR’s Forensic Expertise 22 Crisis at the Border 3 We Stood up to Torturers – Supports a Key Human 23 “Is There Anything Else You And Won Rights Ruling Want to Talk About?” 4 Empowering Human Rights 9 “The Screaming Never Stopped, 24 #DefendDoctors Defenders Worldwide Even for a Moment” 25 Solidarity with Syria’s Slain 6 Kenya’s Government on 11 Doctors in the Crosshairs: Medical Workers Trial for Rape A Brutal Dictator Targets Syria’s 26 Coming to a Nurse’s Defense 7 Ending Rape as a Weapon of War Medical Community 27 Turkish Doctors Under Attack 8 Justice from Beyond the 12 Aleppo Abandoned: A Case Study 28 Volunteers Grave in Afghanistan 15 How Does PHR Investigate 30 Board and Staff a War Crime? 31 Statement of Finances 21 Violence in Flight: The Suffering of Syria’s Refugees Those Who Believe in Justice Never Give Up

Defending human rights is slow, hard work. Across the globe, those who kill civilians, torture detainees, and use rape as a weapon of war all too often act in the belief that they will never have to pay for their crimes. It can take years of painstaking, often dangerous investigation for the perpetrators of such atrocities to be brought to justice.

The key is evidence. At Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), we use the expertise of doctors and scientists to produce solid, scientific, irrefutable proof of human rights crimes. In Kenya and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we empower doctors, lawyers, police, and justice officials with the specific skills to document and prosecute cases of sexual violence. In Syria, we work with our partners to train doctors and lawyers to collect and preserve evidence from survivors of torture. In the United States, we dispatch hundreds of volunteer clinicians to corroborate asylum-seekers’ stories of Donna McKay, executive director, and persecution. We do this because exposing gross human rights violations can Kerry Sulkowicz, MD, board chair. help prevent them, because it is crucial to build a record so that those who do commit these crimes will one day be held accountable, and in order to help survivors of extreme violence live a life free from fear.

We know our approach works. This past March, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) convicted former Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. PHR, which led efforts to document atrocities during and after the Bosnian conflict, contributed critical evidence and testimony to the ICTY proceedings that resulted in Karadzic’s conviction. Syria’s President Bashar al-Assad, whose forces are daily committing war crimes against the Syrian people, would do well to note: those who believe in justice do not give up.

The force behind our pursuit of justice is the team of world-class professionals, volunteers, and partners who work tirelessly with PHR – sometimes risking their lives to document and expose human rights abuses. These dedicated and courageous human rights defenders have been essential to our successes over the past year.

But none of our efforts would be possible without your support. The need for human rights work, tragically, will probably never go away. But with your backing, we are helping to build and support a global human rights movement that can help turn the wheels of prevention and justice more quickly. Thank you for partnering with us in this vital work.

Donna McKay Kerry Sulkowicz, MD Executive Director Board Chair U.S. military guards move a detainee inside Camp VI at the Guantánamo Bay detention center, Cuba. Photo: Paul J. Richards/AFP/ Getty Images

2 2015 Annual Report Our People We Stood up to Using Medical Torturers – And Won Evidence to Expose Torturers’ Lies

For more than 10 years, Physicians But PHR’s work is not done. The U.S. “The first obligation of medical for Human Rights (PHR) has waged government continues to indefinitely professionals is to “do no harm.” a tireless campaign to expose and detain 80 men at Guantánamo, some As a doctor, I was outraged when end torture by the U.S. government, of whom are on hunger strike and are Department of Defense and CIA and to demand justice for victims and being force-fed as a method of silencing physicians and psychologists helped accountability for perpetrators. We their protests. The U.S. government design and implement the U.S. were the first to document medical also continues to use secrecy to hide its torture program. My colleagues evidence of the torture of national wrongdoing, obstructing judicial orders and I exposed the harms committed security detainees by the U.S. military to release videos, photos, and other by medical personnel, including in a series of landmark reports. Our evidence of present and past abuse one of the most degrading experts have also played a critical role of detainees. techniques, “rectal feeding.” When in showing how health professionals, we stated that there is absolutely in callous violation of their ethical Bringing our unique medical expertise no clinical justification for the duty to “do no harm,” helped design to the fight, we and our partners practice and that it is “sexual and implement the CIA’s torture are pushing the U.S. Department assault masquerading as medical program – atrocious acts ranging from of Justice to criminally investigate treatment,” apologists for the waterboarding to “rectal feeding.” all those responsible for detainee practice were silenced.” torture and ill-treatment, including Our efforts yielded historic results. health professionals. We continue to Following intensive advocacy by PHR pressure President Barack Obama to and our partners, the U.S. Senate end indefinite detention and close Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) Guantánamo. We are also calling for released the executive summary of the U.S. government to read, act on, its report on the CIA’s detention and and release to the public the full SSCI interrogation practices. PHR issued torture report, so these crimes are an authoritative analysis of medical never repeated. We believe the public complicity, concluding that without the should know the truth about the U.S. participation of psychologists, doctors, government’s human rights violations and other health professionals, the and hold health professionals to the CIA’s illegal torture program might highest standards of medical ethics have been prevented. and the law.

Following that, we won two more PHR Medical Director Dr. Vincent victories. Reversing a decade-long Iacopino is the chief architect policy of permitting psychologists of the Istanbul Protocol, the to aid abusive CIA and military UN’s guidelines on investigating interrogations, the American “As mental health professionals, and documenting torture and Psychological Association (APA) finally our first obligation must be to our ill-treatment. For almost three banned psychologists from taking part patients. The A.P.A.’s collusion with decades, he has conducted in national security interrogations or the government’s national security investigations of human rights working at detention sites operating apparatus is one of the greatest violations all over the world, and in violation of international law. The scandals in U.S. medical history.” has led a 10-year campaign with APA’s new policy resulted from years Dr. Kerry Sulkowicz, PHR partners to expose torture of pressure from PHR and our partners. PHR board chair by the U.S. government and to In response, the Pentagon withdrew end the complicity of medical psychologists from all detainee professionals in these illegal acts. operations at the Guantánamo Bay detention center – signaling the power of health professionals when they refuse to be complicit in human rights violations. phr.org 3 Our People The Making Empowering Human Rights of Activists Defenders Worldwide

“Investigating human rights A young woman embarks on a six-hour In 2015, PHR launched our Forensic abuses is tough, often traumatic, journey to a police station in rural Training Institute. Its purpose: to sometimes physically dangerous Democratic Republic of the Congo empower people around the world work. I’ve heard of cases of torture (DRC), traumatized but determined to expose and prevent human rights that are so depraved, it’s impossible to report the men who raped her. abuses in their communities. Across to erase the images from my mind. A Syrian doctor appeals for witnesses three continents, PHR and our local The doctors and lawyers we are after enduring months of physical partners train doctors, lawyers and training to document these terrible and psychological brutality at the hands judges, police officers, and activists acts are some of the bravest and of torturers from Syrian government about documenting torture, gathering most dedicated people I have forces. Two male victims who were forensic evidence of rape being used as ever met.” forcibly circumcised during the a weapon of war, or exhuming hidden widespread violence following Kenya’s graves. By doing this, we increase the 2007 elections are able to testify capacity to collect, analyze, and preserve before a judge about their suffering relevant evidence that prosecutors can and the failure of the government to use to build legal cases against those protect them. who commit human rights crimes, and help survivors of torture and sexual In each of these cases, human rights violence to rebuild their lives. The defenders trained by Physicians for Forensic Training Institute is pioneering Human Rights (PHR) or its partners were a range of innovative technologies able to engage with these survivors, to support effective remote learning, collecting, analyzing, and preserving ensure secure communication with evidence of torture and sexual violence. and among activists, and create and Their work is part of PHR’s global support virtual communities of practice. 30-year effort to prevent torture, In the past five years alone, more than including sexual violence; secure justice, 2,000 clinicians, investigators, and legal reparations, and healing for victims; and professionals – in Afghanistan, the DRC, hold perpetrators of torture accountable Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Syria, for their crimes. Tajikistan, and the United States – have been enlisted by PHR as defenders of human rights. PHR’s model of training and partnerships is contributing to a Dr. Zied Mhirsi is senior program culture of respect for human rights officer of PHR’s innovative around the world. Forensic Training Institute and is at the forefront of our work to give health workers, legal and justice personnel, law enforcement, and activists around the world the expertise they need to conduct human rights investigations.

Grassroots activists like Emérite Tabisha Mongelwa, as well as Col. David Bodeli Dombi and Dr. Nadine Neema Rukunghu, are key partners in PHR’s work to prevent sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

4 2015 Annual Report phr.org 5 Our People Kenya’s Government Giving Survivors on Trial for Rape of Sexual Violence Their Day in Court

“This is a landmark case because it’s the first time ever that the government is being tried in Kenya for failing to prevent sexual violence. I was in court last year when the eight survivors gave their testimonies. When two young men who had been forcibly circumcised took the stand, the courtroom was close to tears. Though we are still awaiting an outcome, seeing these survivors being able to finally tell their stories and publicly speak about their experiences was incredibly moving and a huge step forward for justice.“

Survivors of sexual and other violence during the post-election unrest in Kenya are briefed following a hearing in a landmark lawsuit against the government brought by eight survivors, PHR, and civil society organizations.

Christine Alai is the Kenya Violence ripped through Kenya in the Kenya seeking to hold the government coordinator of PHR’s Program wake of the 2007 general elections, accountable for sexual violence in the on Sexual Violence in Conflict claiming more than 1,100 lives, post-election period. PHR has taken Zones, which is leading an displacing more than 660,000 people, a leading role, working closely with unprecedented lawsuit against the and leaving thousands with long-term the co-petitioners to develop the Kenyan government on behalf of injuries. Thousands more people were legal framework and strategy guiding eight victims of the widespread raped or suffered other forms sexual the constitutional challenge. We sexual violence which followed violence – but very few cases were ever arranged for Kenyan psychiatrists and the 2007 elections. prosecuted. In 2013, PHR joined eight psychologists to conduct evaluations of survivors of sexual violence and three the survivors for submission to court, Kenyan civil society organizations in a and worked with the litigation team to landmark lawsuit against the Kenyan prepare petitioners and witnesses to government over its alleged failure to testify at court hearings. We have also protect the victims, investigate and taken a lead in advocacy, helping to prosecute the crimes committed against shape messaging, galvanizing the media, them, or provide any reparations. and developing a strategy to support the This high-profile litigation is being survivors’ demands for reparations. closely watched as the only case in

6 2015 Annual Report Ending Rape as a Weapon of War

Rape is part of life for all too many trained more than 1,000 doctors, women and girls in Kenya and the nurses, police officers, lawyers, and Democratic Republic of the Congo judges to use forensic science to (DRC), where post-election violence collect, document, investigate, and and impunity, and decades of prosecute cases of sexual violence. We conflict, respectively, have made understand that survivors have the sexual violence virtually endemic. best chance of justice when all sectors “We were in this small town of Much of this violence is committed work together to prosecute cases, and Kahele, and 19 female survivors by members of armed groups, who a unique feature of our program is the came. And they were waiting for use sexual assault as a weapon of training of all of these professionals their day in court. What was so war to terrorize and subjugate entire together. In 2015, PHR brought striking to me … was their deep populations – women, children, together change-makers from Kenya desire to face their perpetrators and men alike. Yet very few victims and the DRC who are working on the and to demand justice.” report rape. Even when they do, few front lines of sexual violence cases. PHR’s Karen Naimer speaking of the medical workers have the skills to Kenyan participants shared lessons DRC trial of two militia members properly document sexual violence, learned from their country’s adoption accused of holding 400 women as so that police and the court systems of a standard forensic medical form sex slaves in 2009 can use this evidence to track down to document sexual violence cases, and prosecute the perpetrators. which inspired Congolese colleagues to mobilize for the adoption of a PHR is helping to change that. To similar mechanism that will help to date, PHR experts and our Kenyan streamline these cases and expedite and Congolese colleagues have justice for survivors.

Karen Naimer, director of PHR’s Program on Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones, speaks with Dr. Désiré Alumeti, a pediatric surgeon who specializes in treating survivors of sexual violence at Panzi Hospital in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

phr.org 7 Our People Justice from PHR’s Forensic Using Forensic Beyond the Expertise Supports Science to Identify Grave in a Key Human the Missing Afghanistan Rights Ruling

“I have visited and documented Decades of conflict in Afghanistan Less than two weeks after Rahmanberdi many mass grave sites in have littered the country with mass Ernazarov was arrested in Osh Province, Afghanistan. Recently, at the grave sites. Each is an untold story that Kyrgyzstan in 2005, he was found request of victims’ families, the Afghan people desperately want bleeding to death in his cell. When a I travelled with PHR staff to the revealed. Locating and exhuming these perfunctory police investigation ruled site of a massacre in Badakhshan graves can help do that. Ernazarov’s death a suicide, his family’s province, in the far northeast of the lawyer called PHR. Our experts’ review country. The families desperately The Afghanistan Forensic Science of the Kyrgyz authorities’ autopsy found want answers about what Organization (AFSO), a group of that it did not support a suicide finding. happened, and the chance to forensic investigators that PHR helped In April 2015, the UN Human Rights lay their loved ones to rest to form, is working to strengthen Committee – relying in part on PHR’s with dignity. By scientifically Afghanistan’s justice system by mapping evaluation – held that the Kyrgyzstan exhuming the grave, we can give and registering mass gravesites government was guilty of turning a them some of those answers.” throughout the country and training blind eye to Ernazarov’s torture and representatives of the government death while in custody. The ruling and non-governmental organizations made clear that security of detainees in crime scene documentation. In is the state’s responsibility, including 2015, more than 35 years after the protecting them from violence by Afghan upheavals of 1979, Dutch other detainees. authorities arrested a former Afghan Army commander suspected of The decision also illustrates the critical mass killings in the Kunar province of importance of training independent Afghanistan. Crucial research by PHR forensic experts to investigate and and AFSO, including grave exhumations, document medical evidence of torture GPS coordinates, and photographs, in accordance with international are helping to build the case against standards, as PHR has done for the past the commander – and proving the five years in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, fundamental importance of scientific, and Tajikistan. In Central Asia, impunity objective, and relevant evidence. for torture is the norm, because legal systems depend on forced confessions for “successful” prosecutions. We work with partner organizations and International Forensic Program governments in the region to reform Coordinator Zabi Mazoori policy and to train doctors, lawyers, manages the Afghanistan and judges to use UN Istanbul Protocol project as a consultant for PHR, standards of torture investigation and spearheading trainings on mass documentation to prevent torture and grave exhumations, providing ensure accountability for torturers. country-level expertise and Hundreds of clinicians are now poised analysis, and advising the to apply these standards. In Tajikistan in Afghan government on 2015, one of PHR’s trainers submitted transitional justice. the first ever forensic medical evaluation of an alleged torture victim using Human remains on the surface of a Istanbul Protocol standards. mass grave documented by the Afghanistan Forensic Science Organization and PHR at the Dasht-e-Esa Khan mass grave in Bamyan, Central Afghanistan.

8 2015 Annual Report Syrian doctors train with PHR to document evidence of torture.

“The Screaming Never Stopped, Even for a Moment” Documenting Torture in Syria

When 55,000 photographs of tortured Some of the victims of these violations Operating inside Syria, or in refugee and mutilated bodies were smuggled are medical workers, who are seized settings outside the country, these out of Syria in 2014, the world saw and tortured simply for doing what the courageous human rights defenders clear evidence of a shocking crime ethics of their profession demand: to work at huge risk to themselves and being committed by the government provide medical care to all, regardless of their families in order to make justice of President Bashar al-Assad: the political allegiance. In 2013, PHR began possible for the survivors of torture. systematic torture and killing of training Syrian doctors and lawyers to In 2015, the PHR-trained Syrians detainees. Taken by a former military collect, analyze, and preserve evidence established their own self-sustaining police photographer, the so-called from people who have been tortured – independent human rights organization “Caesar pictures” showed what the vast majority by Syrian government of lawyers and doctors, who will train had happened to thousands of the forces. Our purpose is to ensure that the and mentor colleagues and continue people – some of them children – that appalling reality of what is happening the critical work of documenting torture government forces have detained and in Syria can be used to try the torturers and other human rights crimes. disappeared since the conflict began. in local, regional, or international courts once the conflict is over.

phr.org 9 A medic carries a wounded child following a government airstrike on the opposition-held al-Maghair district of Aleppo, Syria. Photo: Karam al-Masri/AFP/ Getty Images

10 2015 Annual Report Doctors in the Crosshairs A Brutal Dictator Targets Syria’s Medical Community

In the horrific carnage of the now five- year Syrian conflict, 2015 set tragic new records of destruction. The government of Bashar al-Assad escalated its unprecedented assault on civilians, deliberately targeting markets, schools, homes, and hospitals, and besieging and starving entire communities. Barrel bombs tumbling out of helicopters continued sowing terror, annihilating neighborhoods and causing catastrophic injuries to defenseless populations. More hospitals were attacked in 2015 than ever before, depriving thousands of people of crucial medical care. Millions of men, women, and children fled the fighting, surging across the borders into Syrian rescue workers carry body parts in a shroud following a reported neighboring countries and risking their barrel bomb attack by Syrian government forces on the opposition-held lives in perilous journeys to seek safety al-Shaar district of Aleppo. in Europe. Photo: Karam al-Masri/AFP/Getty Images

Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), that October 2015 was the most Our work is enhanced by cutting-edge using open-source documentation destructive month to date for Syria’s technology provided to us on a pro and partners on the ground, has devastated medical system. bono basis by Palantir Technologies, meticulously documented the wholesale a Silicon Valley software company, destruction of Syria’s health care Leaders at the highest levels of through our partnership with the system since the start of the conflict. international and U.S. policymaking Carter Center. Palantir’s software and PHR researchers revealed through an and humanitarian response rely on access to the Carter Center’s extensive innovative interactive mapping project the unique expertise and research dataset enables us to run deep analysis that the Syrian government and its of the PHR team. Each month, we to identify trends in hospital attacks Russian allies carried out more than send our new data to policymakers, and determine whether hospitals have 95 percent of the 122 attacks on members of partner organizations, and been targeted. 93 medical facilities in 2015 – the other influencers. PHR’s findings are highest number yet. They were included in monthly reports from the responsible for 83 of the 107 killings UN secretary-general to the Security of medical workers. Russia’s entry into Council. News reports around the world the war in late September brought a regularly quote PHR’s statistics and firestorm of attacks on health facilities, information, making PHR a de facto “The crisis in Syria has involved the three in the first four days of Russia’s source for meticulously corroborated most intense and directed and brutal intervention alone. Our objective data about attacks on Syrian health attacks on health care and health analysis undermined Russia’s denials care – data that can one day be used to workers that we have ever seen.” that it was targeting health workers and ensure that those responsible for these Susannah Sirkin, PHR director of bombing infrastructure, and showed savage and illegal acts are prosecuted. international policy and partnerships

phr.org 11 Aleppo Abandoned A Case Study

In eastern Aleppo city, two-thirds stop attacks on health care. But it also of hospitals no longer function and illustrated the ingenuity and resolve of 95 percent of doctors have fled, the many Syrian medical workers who been detained, or been killed. PHR heroically choose to stay on in their researchers travelled to Gaziantep shattered communities, working in “If the international community does and Kilis, Turkey to interview people the face of constant danger and not mobilize to stop the attacks on who are working in or supporting extreme scarcity to continue treating Syria’s medical professionals and the 10 hospitals still functioning in those in need. infrastructure, civilians will continue Aleppo. They heard that the city’s to suffer and die. The longer the remaining 70 to 80 doctors are The Syrian government’s deliberate international community fails to stretched incredibly thin – each one assault on health care is the most enforce humanitarian law, the greater serving 7,000 people, compared to extreme the world has ever seen. Every the chance that these violations will 800 people per doctor before the doctor’s death or hospital’s destruction become the “new normal” in armed conflict – and that all are practicing means that thousands of people are conflicts around the world.” medicine beyond their expertise. deprived of life-saving medical care for Elise Baker, PHR research coordinator, One of Aleppo’s two neurosurgeons, horrendous war injuries, illness, and Dr. Michele Heisler, PHR board member, who was doing his residency when disease. Each of these attacks, whether and Donna McKay, PHR executive director the conflict broke out and never the bombing of a hospital or the completed his training, told us he has detention and torture of a doctor for done brain surgery without an MRI providing health care to the opposition, machine – there is no MRI or CT scan is a war crime. Collectively, these machine in the city. A dentist with systematic attacks constitute crimes “Within the same period of time, no prior surgical training is forced to against humanity. PHR’s work in 2015 five hospitals were targeted and do maxillofacial surgery. A pediatric to amass and disseminate evidence of the targets were very precise. It’s resident works as an emergency these crimes aimed both to prevent not a coincidence.” medicine doctor and surgery the attacks and to create a record that Dr. A, a young pediatric resident assistant. Nurses bravely run many of can someday be used to bring the working in a trauma hospital in Aleppo the city’s clinics. perpetrators to justice. This evidence pressures the UN Security Council Buttressed by our ongoing research, to enforce resolutions it has already PHR pieced together a picture of passed which demand an end to these both the cataclysmic destruction of attacks. We continue to advocate Aleppo’s health care system and the for increased humanitarian aid and extraordinary resilience and courage to demand that the international of the city’s remaining health workers. community act to stop these assaults Our report “Aleppo Abandoned: A as well as to pursue credible justice Case Study on Health Care in Syria” initiatives to ensure that perpetrators showed the disastrous result of the of these war crimes and crimes against international community’s failure to humanity are held accountable.

12 2015 Annual Report Syrian rescue workers look up to the sky in search of warplanes in the al-Jallum neighborhood of Aleppo, following a reported barrel bomb attack by Syrian government forces. Photo: Karam al-Masri/AFP/ Getty Images

“These patients need us to stay inside Syria. This is our duty, our humanitarian duty. If we go outside, who will stay to treat them?” An ear, nose, and throat doctor at one of the main hospitals in Aleppo’s suburbs

phr.org 13 A man evacuates a child from a building following a reported barrel bomb attack by Syrian government forces on the northern Syrian city of Aleppo. Photo: Karam al-Masri/AFP/ Getty Images Azaz

August 7, 12:20 pm August 7, 12:45 pm August 10 Orient Hospital Adnan Kiwan Hospital Martyr Mohamad Baz Hospital How Does PHR Investigate a War Crime? Government attack damages facility Government attack injures two staff members and destroys hospital’s top Government attack kills two children and seriously Hospitals Under Attack: and medical equipment. floor, including ICU, pharmacy, nurses’ station, laboratory, and incubators. injures a nurse, who later dies. Many other staff Previous attacks: 5 Previous attacks: 1 members are also injured. Nine Strikes in Four Days Syria – Area Enlarged Since the start of the Syrian conflict, the government of President Bashar al-Assad has waged a savage campaign to destroy its Aleppo Date & time August 7, 2015 at opponents by annihilating doctors and hospitals in opposition-held of attack about 12:45pm. areas. These illegal attacks violate the most basic rule of war: that Damage Upper section to facility destroyed, lower section August 10 medical workers and facilities be given special protections in times seriously damaged. Field Hospital Government attack seriously damages People • Dr Mahmoud al Hamid, of conflict. Attacks like the ones launched every week in Syria are injured a specialist in the hospital and destroys its ambulances. general surgery • Khalid al ‘Issa, war crimes. hospital staff

Source: Facility attack report, Orient Center for Documentation and Human Rights Facebook post by Martyr Mohamad Baz Hospital in Ma’arat Misrin With each attack, Physicians for Human Rights’ Syria mapping Translation: It is with utmost sorrow and grief that we inform you that our brother and colleague succumbed to his 8 Ma’arat Misrin team combs through scores of open-source materials, news wounds after being injured when a warplane targeted reports, videos, and photographs like those on this map. August 8, 10:00 am Martyr Mohamad Baz Hospital in Ma’arat Misrin. [...] Al Shifa Hospital Corroborating them with information from our sources on the Government attack injures a paramedic and a nurse. Binnish Hospital is partially destroyed and is put out of service. 1 9 ground, we create the most comprehensive picture of the massive Previous attacks: 1 August 7, 10:00 am scale and brutality of this destruction: the relentless and deliberate Field Hospital Idlib targeting of civilian facilities. Government airstrike damages facility. 2 Saraqib Photos: World Aid Convoy In just four days in August 2015, a massive barrage of government Photos: Orient Hospital in Kafr Nabl Facebook post by Hama Health Directorate airstrikes hit nine medical centers within 30 miles of each other Syria Translation: The Fifth Medical Point in Idlib was August 7, 12:00 pm targeted, causing material damage to the facility. Al Shifa Hospital near the city of Idlib, each facility at least six miles from the nearest Government attack kills August 10 three medical workers frontline. Dozens of people were killed or injured, and health care Date & time August 7, 2015 at about Rehabilitation Clinic and a patient. The of attack 12 in the afternoon. Government attack kills two pharmacy, incubator, for thousands of others was compromised. People • Anesthesiology children and seriously injures a imaging, obstetrics, and killed technician dozen other people. operating rooms are ‘Adil al Dahir • Nurse ‘Abd al Karim al severely damaged or Barghouth This is how we documented what happened. Tweet from Baladi News Network @baladinetwork 6 Ihsim destroyed. Hospital is • Nurse Nahid al Hassan This is the story of a war crime. Translation: #Baladi: Regime aviation bombards a hospital put out of service. • A patient under operation in Kafr Nabl, #Idlib suburbs with thermobaric missiles. Previous attacks: 3 whose name we were 5 Kansafra unable to obtain. Source: Facility attack report, Orient Center for Documentation and Human Rights. Photo: Syrian Civil Defense Idlib Governorate Research Coordinator Elise Baker and Research Associate Matthew 3 Kafr Nabl Parsons corroborating evidence Press release from Syria Relief and of hospital attacks for the Syria Development: Our rehabilitation clinic… mapping project, ground-breaking 4 Hazarin was damaged amid a barrel bomb attack. research that has made PHR the August 7, 12:30 pm Tweet from Syrian Revolution News recognized global authority on Hama Central Hospital @SYR_REV_NEWS the destruction of Syria’s health PHR’s interactive map showing attacks Government attack damages Translation: Kafr Nabl: A Sukhoi 24 launched two 7 Jarjanaz care system. on health care in Syria can be found at: facility and medical equipment. airstrikes on Kafr Nabl. The first on Orient Hospital, phr.org/syria-map. Previous attacks: 2 the second on al-Qasr (Hama Central) Hospital. Photo: Syrian Civil Defense Idlib Tweet from Sakir Khader @sakirkhader Governorate Our Partners 738 medical workers have been killed Courage Under since the start of the Syrian conflict* Fire – Documenters of Syrian Torture 176 by shooting “I document cases of torture because 386 psychosocial support for survivors by shelling is so important. Punishing the and bombing perpetrators shows respect for the 101 rights of survivors and can raise by torture awareness about the problem. I document because I believe I can help these people have a small chance to highlight what’s 14 61 happening in Syria and to deliver by unknown/ by execution their voices to the international other causes community. It’s a happiness to me to be able to help them seek justice.” Who’s killing medical workers in Syria?*

13 13 14 698

Killed by Killed by Killed by Killed by Syrian opposition Islamic State other or government and allied forces forces unknown causes Russian forces

These figures are drawn from PHR’s Syria mapping project. Every time our researchers learn of an attack on Syrian medical facilities or personnel, they sift through hundreds of articles, social media posts, photos, videos, Dr. M* is a Syrian doctor who has and reports from our sources on the ground to determine exactly what refused to leave his embattled happened and who was responsible. Our data is relied upon by leaders at country and continues to work the highest levels of global policy-making and humanitarian response. under grueling conditions and at great personal peril to treat all * Through April 2016 those in need. He is also part of a network of clinicians and lawyers PHR has trained to document evidence of the torture being inflicted on Syrians by all sides of the conflict – evidence that can one day be used by international, “In eastern Aleppo city alone, 95 percent of the doctors have fled, regional, and national courts to been detained, or killed. Just as with all terror campaigns, these shocking prosecute perpetrators. attacks target civilians in an overwhelming show of force and brutality. It is this relentless, systematic violence that is driving entire families to *Dr. M’s initial has been changed to make the dangerous trip to Europe, forcing many to risk drowning.” protect his identity. Donna McKay, PHR executive director

20 2015 Annual Report Violence in Flight Our People The Suffering of Uncovering Syria’s Refugees Human Rights Crimes

“The Syrian government is using attacks on Aleppo’s health care system as a weapon of war: for every hospital destroyed or doctor or nurse killed, thousands of Syrians lose critical health care – and without medical care, many lose their lives. The physicians I met want one thing – for the bombing to stop so they can do their work.”

PHR Executive Director Donna McKay speaks with former Croatian Interior Minister Ranko Ostojic during a Nobel Women’s Initiative visit to the Slavonski Brod refugee reception center in Croatia. Photo: Igor Pavicevic, for the Nobel Women’s Initiative

It was the image of three-year-old sparking acts of both great generosity PHR board member Dr. Michele Aylan Kurdi, his lifeless body washed and shameful xenophobia. Hundreds of Heisler has volunteered for PHR up on a beach in Turkey, which finally refugees have died in the perilous journey since medical school, when she awoke the world to the profound to safety, and many more have endured participated in a human rights horror of the Syrian refugee crisis. extreme deprivations. As the tidal wave investigation in Turkey. Now a Every single day in 2015, thousands of refugees engulfed Europe, countless professor at the University of of men, women, and children like women and girls suffered sexual violence Michigan Medical School and an Aylan poured out of Syria, running and exploitation. PHR’s executive director, associate director of its Global from the bombs that have devastated Donna McKay, travelled to the Balkans REACH program, Dr. Heisler their homes and killed hundreds of and Germany with the Nobel Women’s is a dedicated human rights thousands of people since the fighting Initiative to focus attention on the plight defender who has contributed began. But leaving didn’t end their of women and girl refugees, to support to numerous PHR investigations torment. The conflict in Syria has led to the extraordinary work of civil society and co-authored PHR’s report the largest refugee crisis since World groups, and to insist that the international “Aleppo Abandoned,” among War II, overwhelming countries where community keep its doors and hearts others. She has also authored Syrian families have sought refuge and open to Syria’s suffering people. more than 100 peer-reviewed studies in medical and public health journals.

phr.org 21 Crisis at the Border Helping Asylum-Seekers Secure a Safe Haven

Demand for Physicians for Human Rights’ (PHR) expertise in asylum cases sky-rocketed in 2015, as the refugee crisis that has been unfolding on the United States’ southern border continued unabated, and the number of unaccompanied children and families apprehended more than doubled. Many have suffered extreme violence, including sexual violence, but are too traumatized to successfully plead their case for asylum. In the United States, thousands of asylum- seekers – many of them children – who come seeking safety and protection are locked up every day, facing indefinite detention in poor conditions while they await the outcome of their case.

One 27-year-old Honduran woman, held for several months at a family detention center with her daughter, had been too embarrassed to tell a male officer about her lifetime history Two young girls watch a World Cup soccer match in their holding area at the of sexual abuse; when she tried to U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center in Arizona. explain this omission to a male judge, Photo: Ross D. Franklin-Pool/Getty Images he dismissed her entire story as untrue. Another suffered gang violence harassment, intimidation, and even trained more than 250 clinicians to join and horrific domestic sexual abuse, death. PHR trains volunteer health our Asylum Network, including two including one attack that physically professionals to conduct forensic sessions that focused exclusively on scarred her young daughter. The medical and psychological evaluations of pediatric exams. Network volunteers two fled to the United States, but people seeking asylum. Their affidavits took on 470 evaluations and donated had been held for seven months at a and court testimony become critical countless hours of their very limited family detention center, where both for defending asylum claims. Even if free time to working with asylum- mother and daughter were suffering the ill-treatment happened months or seekers in their communities. Some severe psychological distress. In both years earlier and visible scars have faded volunteers travelled at their own these cases, PHR volunteers stepped or disappeared, health professionals, expense to stay for a week at a time in to conduct evaluations and submit with their skills and our training, are near detention centers, in order to be forensic reports to the judge, resulting able to conduct examinations, make on hand for emergency evaluation in the women and children being observations, and elicit responses from needs. By corroborating asylum-seekers’ released from detention and allowed to people that can confirm the aftereffects experiences of torture and abuse, PHR apply for asylum in the United States. of torture, including sexual violence and ensured that immigration courts would other inhumane treatment. not force these vulnerable people back Without credible evidence, immigration to dangerous situations in their countries courts regularly dismiss allegations To meet the surging need, PHR has of origin. of abuse, putting desperate asylum- greatly expanded its asylum project to seekers like these women on the recruit and train clinicians – especially Nearly 90 percent of the people whose fast track to deportation back to pediatricians and child mental health cases we evaluate are granted asylum their homelands – to suffer more professionals. In 2015 alone, we or some form of relief, a figure far exceeding the national average.

22 2015 Annual Report “Is There Anything Else Our People You Want to Talk About?” Saving Lives at the Border

Camilla* was just one of the tens that she had a credible fear of harm if “The rights of asylum-seekers of thousands of people who fled she were sent home, Camilla and her and refugees are under attack to the United States in 2014 and children faced imminent deportation. all over the world – from closed 2015, escaping extreme violence and borders in Europe to the detention insecurity in their countries. A victim Pro bono lawyers in Texas contacted of refugee children in the United of severe domestic violence and gang a PHR volunteer doctor to document States and Australia. A forensic abuse in her native El Salvador, Camilla Camilla’s case. In a long and difficult evaluation can be one of the most had made the difficult journey through interview, our volunteer probed Camilla’s important and consequential pieces Mexico with her two children to seek history and current situation. Then, at the of evidence in an immigration case, asylum in the United States. But because close of the interview, the doctor asked: and there’s no question about it: she could not persuade the judge “Is there anything else you want to our volunteers are saving lives.” talk about?” Camilla suddenly divulged something she had never told anyone “Both cases were reversed this else – a horrifying story of childhood morning and the judges cited sexual abuse. Our volunteer was able to the psychological evaluations as show how this early abuse magnified the the main reason. Please, please, trauma Camilla felt at every subsequent please, let’s push to have at least point in her life. With this evaluation, the one psych volunteer every week. immigration judge overturned the earlier It makes a HUGE difference, “no credible fear” finding on the spot. especially on our most Camilla and her children were released challenging cases.” and are applying for asylum protection. Pro bono lawyer working in a family detention center, talking *Camilla’s name and country of about the value of PHR volunteers origin have been changed to protect her identity.

Asylum Program Officer Meredith Fortin oversees PHR’S Asylum Network, a cadre of more than 500 physicians, psychologists, and mental health professionals who provide pro bono forensic evaluations to asylum-seekers across the United States.

Central American immigrants just released from U.S. Border Patrol detention board a Greyhound bus in McAllen, Texas bound for Houston and then other U.S. destinations. Photo: John Moore/Getty Images

phr.org 23 #DefendDoctors

Doctors and other health professionals human rights law. Physicians for Syrian doctors treat a wounded are under threat or attack every day Human Rights (PHR) works globally man in a field hospital in the city around the world, often simply for being to document interference with of Qusayr. faithful to the ethics of their profession: medical workers who are carrying Photo: Antonio Pampliega/ treat all those who are injured or sick, out their professional duties as well AFP/Getty Images without bias, and strive to do no harm. as the deliberate targeting of health Persecution of and attacks on medical facilities and personnel – and we personnel violate international and advocate to stop these violations.

24 2015 Annual Report Solidarity with Syria’s Slain Medical Workers

With our pioneering work to document trending during a PHR-organized “die-in” the five-year assault on Syria’s medical which brought together hundreds of system, PHR has placed the issue of protesters from New York City’s medical global attacks on health care squarely and human rights communities to in the public and policy discourse. Our show solidarity with slain Syrian medical hashtag #DefendDoctors has been workers. The event, just steps from the “Undeterred by any sense of moral used to bring attention to attacks on United Nations, was picked up by news compass, Mr. Assad is flattening health care workers worldwide; it was outlets around the globe. cities, blocking food aid from rebel-held areas and, according to Physicians for Human Rights, systematically attacking doctors and health care facilities, an especially heinous action that violates the norms of war and can constitute a crime against humanity under international law.”

Hundreds of health workers and human rights activists participate in a “die-in” organized by Physicians for Human Rights near the United Nations to draw attention to health workers killed in Syria.

phr.org 25 Coming to a Nurse’s Defense

PHR has long opposed force-feeding professional organizations, including of hunger-strikers, particularly in the American Nurses Association detention situations – a form of ill- (ANA), to protest at the highest levels treatment tantamount to torture, and of the U.S. government. Our campaign deemed “inhuman and degrading” succeeded: in June 2015, the Navy “Force-feeding at Guantánamo ... by the World Medical Association dropped the discharge proceedings. is a military policy that serves to more than two decades ago. Since The ANA subsequently honored the silence detainees from protesting 2014, PHR has defended a U.S. Navy nurse with its Year of Ethics Award. 12 years of indefinite detention nurse against retaliation for refusing to But the struggle was not over. When without legal charges. Health force-feed hunger-striking detainees the Defense Department then professionals should never be used at the Guantánamo Bay detention sought to revoke the nurse’s security as a tool to carry out such policies.” center. Compelling health professionals clearance, PHR continued to advocate Dr. Vincent Iacopino, to forcibly treat competent adults who for the nurse and to rebuff this latest PHR medical director choose this form of protest violates assault on professional independence, their ethical duty to “do no harm” and so that all health workers can continue to respect patient autonomy. When acting according to the highest ethical the Navy tried to discharge the nurse, standards and placing their patients’ PHR mobilized medical experts and interests first. A letter from the attorney of the U.S. Navy nurse, acknowledging the role PHR has played in his client’s case.

26 2015 Annual Report Turkish Doctors Our Partners Under Attack The Healing Power of Justice

“Justice has a healing effect, and I try my best to end impunity by revealing truth through documentation.”

PHR Director of Communications DeDe Dunevant speaks at a press conference D r . S ebnem Korur in Ankara, Turkey preceding the dismissal of a case against Turkish doctors who Fincancı, president of the provided emergency care in the wake of the 2013 Gezi Park protests. Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, is a world-renowned forensic expert who for more Our Turkish medical and human rights the TMA and passed a law criminalizing than 25 years has used her colleagues have come under a barrage “unauthorized” emergency medical knowledge and skills to prevent of legal fire from their government in care, PHR provided analysis of medical torture and hold perpetrators the wake of the peaceful Gezi Park ethics and international human rights accountable. A long-standing protests of 2013. Medical personnel law and mobilized the global medical PHR partner, she is one of the who provided life-saving emergency community in an advocacy effort to authors of the Istanbul Protocol medical care to demonstrators have call attention to the baseless cases. In and has led generations been persecuted and targeted by legal 2015, PHR and our partners – including of clinicians in Turkey and authorities, leading PHR’s longtime leading medical organizations such internationally in worldwide partners the Turkish Medical Association as the British and German Medical efforts to end torture. (TMA) and the Human Rights Associations, the American Academy Dr. Fincancı’s expertise was Foundation of Turkey to ask for our help of Emergency Medicine, and the World instrumental in the first-ever documenting human rights violations Medical Association – were vindicated case of punishment of torture and the harassment of medical when courts dismissed two cases in Turkey. personnel. When the government sued against the doctors.

phr.org 27 27 Volunteers

Physicians for Human Rights Serena Chaudhry, MPH, LMSW Michael L. Glenn, MD thanks the many physicians, Komal Choksi, PhD Jeffrey R. Goldbarg, MD scientists, lawyers, and other Kevin Chugh, PhD Tamara Goldberg, MD health and legal professionals who Henry Cirimwami Ciroyi, LLB Eric Goldsmith, MD volunteer their time and expertise Susan Cook, EdD Elizabeth Goren, PhD to help us document and call Laurie Cook Heffron, PhD, MSW Joseph Gorin, PsyD attention to mass atrocities and Walter Coppenrath, MD Megan Granski, PhD severe human rights violations. Emily Cotter, MD, MPH Arthur C. Grant, MD, PhD Sondra Crosby, MD Naomi W. Granvold, MD Randi Abramson, MD Marissa Cummings Leslie, MD Rhonda Greenberg, PsyD Nour Abu Assab, PhD Michele Curtis, MD, MPH, MML Kim Griswold, MD, MPH Sanjay Adhia, MD Gerald S. Cyprus, MD Sarah Jane Grossbard, MD Joanne Ahola, MD David F. Dahl, PhD Lisa J. Guenberg, MD Mayada Akil, MD MaryAnn Dakkak, MD Alka Gupta, MD Scott A. Allen. MD, FACP Trish H. Dayan, LCSW Alisa Gutman, MD, PhD Cheryl S. Al-Mateen, MD, Gregory S. DeClue, PhD Rohini Jonnalagadda Haar, MD FAACAP, DFAPA David DeLaet, MD Sharon Haight-Carter, NP Désiré Alumeti Munyali, MD Chante’ D. Deloach, PsyD Barbara Hamm, PsyD Eddy Ameen, PhD Susan T. DeLone Gerlinde Harb, PhD Michael Anastario, PhD Jose Dergan, PsyD Michele Heisler, MD, MPA Claudia S. Antuna, PsyD, MHSA, LICSW Sonia Dettmann, LICSW Valerie Hoover, PhD Ellen Arledge, LCSW Michael Devlin, MD Beth Horowitz, MD Dana Arlien, MD JoAnn Difede, PhD George Hough, PhD, ABPP Anu Asnaani, PhD Carolyn M. Dresler, MD, MPA Kelly E. Hoyle, MD Holly G. Atkinson, MD Kathleen B. Dussan, MD Sarah Hufbauer, MD Carl Auerbach, PhD Silvia Dutchevici, LCSW Rosalie Hyde, LCSW Megan Auster-Rosen, PsyD Mary Ann Dutton, PhD Miret Ibrahim, MD April Autry, PA, MPH Carol Ann Dyer, MD Roya Ijadi-Maghsoodi, MD Gloire Bamporike Ndimubandi Judy Eidelson, PhD Ellen S. Isaacs, MD Ahmed Banasr, MD, PhD Barbara K. Eisold, PhD Thomas P. Jacobs, MD Kim Baranowski, PhD Ingrid Elliott, PhD, MBE Maggie Jarmolowski, LICSW Jon Bauer, JD Robert Erikson Anjuli S. Jindal, MD Janet Beck, JD, MSW Christian Escobar, MD Laura Josephs, PhD Olusegun A. Bello, MD, MPH Nate Ewigman, PhD, MPH Smita Joshi, MD Rusudan Beriashvili, MD, PhD Angela Fairweather, PhD Patricia Kahn, DO, MPH Joseph I. Berman, MD Matthew Fentress, MD Thomas P. Kalman, MS, MD Sriya Bhattacharyya, MA Hope R. Ferdowsian, MD, MPH Ian Kanyanya, MbChB, MA Patrick Bigabwa Bitingingwa, MD Dominic Ferro, MD Barnabé Kashe Kaluta, LLB Anne Bird, MD Mary Johanna Fink, MD Baudry Katende Mwitangoma, MD John W. Bishop, PhD Carl Erick Fisher, MD Craig Katz, MD Amy Blair, MD Kathleen Flinton, LICSW Kirandeep Kaur, DO Erika Bliss, MD Alberto Flores, LCSW Edigah Kavulavu, LLB David Bodeli Dombi, LLB Rebecca Florsheim, MD David Kazadi Nzengu Shahla A. Bolbolan, MD Melinda Flynn, LCSW-BACS Sabiha Kazi, MD Shulamith Bonham, MD Miriam Ford, FNP Annalise S. Keen, MD Andrew Boyd, MD Susanna Francies, PsyD Allen Keller, MD J. Wesley Boyd, MD, PhD Julia B. Frank, MD Sara Kennedy, MD, MPH Jenine C. Boyd, PhD Lisa Frydman, JD Robert Kertzner, MD Rosa Maria Bramble, LCSW-R Gail Furman, PhD, ACSW Carol L. Kessler, MD, MDiv Kathleen Brock, PhD Sonya E. Gabrielian, MD, MPH Joseph Kibet Bryan Brooks, JD, MA Lynne M. Gaby, MD Suzanne Obanda Kidenda Lisa Buchberg, MS, DMH Terri Gallen Edersheim, MD, OBGYN Catherine Kim, MD, MPH Anna Cabot, JD Kathleen Gallentine, MD Sarah Kimball, MD Lucy M. Candib, MD Daniel Garza, MD Leslie A. Kimball Franck, PhD, LCP Lesley Carson, MD Frances Geteles-Shapiro, PhD Kevin L. King, MD Flávio Casoy, MD Christina Gillespie, MD Baudouin Kipaka Basilimu, LLB, MA Mitchell H. Charap, MD Judy Gitau, LLB Sevy Kishimbi Kabala, MD Stephen Githinji, LLB Dinah Kituyi, MA

28 20152014 Annual Report Report Jules Kitumaini Buuma Mary Murphy, MSW Amy Rubenstein, PhD Coleen H. Kivlahan, MD, MSPH Joseph F. Murray, MD Maria Saino, MSW Kenneth S. Kosik, MD Julien Mutombo Wa Ilunga Ashanda Saint Jean, MD Richard D. Kovar, MD Dody Mwenebingi Alepwembe, MD William Salton, PhD Carolyn H. Kreinsen, MD, MSc Neema Namadamu Kristin Samuelson, PhD Pamela Krell, PhD Anthony Ndung’u, LLB Lynn Schackman, MD Patrick Kubuya, MD Nadine Neema Rukunghu, MD Andrew Schechterman, PhD Sarah Kureshi, MD, MPH Nick Nelson, MBBS Alex Schultz Georges Kuzma Barbara Newman, MD, MPH Cheryl Seaman, MD Matthew Lamberti, JD Jeffrey N. Nichols, MD Constance M. Sheehan, PhD, LCSW Frances Lang, LICSW Anjali Niyogi, MD, MPH Ariel Shidlo, PhD Carolyn Langelier, MD Justus Nondi, MD Joseph Shin, MD Christopher B. Lanoue, MD Josie Norberg Lopez, MD Mona Siddiqui, MD, MPH Marc H. Lavietes, MD Thierry Ntumba Nasibu, MD Andrew M. Siegel, MD Kara Leach, MD Justin Nyakundi Nyatete Mari A. Siegel, MD Tamara Leaf, PsyD Michael Odour, MD Rakhi Sinha, DO, MPH Kevin Lee, MD Dorothy A. O’Keefe, MD Melanie Sisti, MD William Legere, MSN, FNP Douglas P. Olson, MD Anna M. Skop Charity Lehn, MD Edith Onyango, MD, ChB Vicki Smith, NP-C Brendan Michael Levy, MD Phyllis Oropallo, LMHC, LMFT Keren Sofer, PsyD Daniel J. Levy, MD, PhD Deborah Ottenheimer, MD Stephen Soldz, PhD Felicia M. T. Lewis, MD Gayle Palmer, MD Sheila Sontag, MD, FAPA Gregory N. Lewis, PsyD Amy Pandya, MD Edward Spencer, MD Sarah C. Lilly, MD Chiti Parikh, MD Brenda Steinberg, PhD Silvia Linares, MD P.J. Parmar, MD Stephanie Sterling, MD Tamara Lipshie, MD Nishant Patel, PsyD Wendy Stock, PhD Lia Losonczy, MD, MPH Rupa Patel, MD Megan Stone, DO Rebecca Luckett, MD Sheetal Patel, PhD Gabrielle Stutman, PhD Ellen Luria, MSW, MPH Jennifer Pauk, LCSW Donna J. Sutter, MD, MPH Julienne Lusenge Vivian B. Pender, MD Joji Suzuki, MD Stuart L. Lustig, MD, MPH Elaine Pitt, MD Nancy Sweeney, PsyD Coleen S. Lynch Elliot Pittel, MD, MPH Renuka Tipirneni, MD Aurélien Mahamba Kikoli, MD Matthew A. Pius, MD Elizabeth Toll, MD Margaret Mak’anyengo, MbChB, MMed Linda Piwowarczyk, MD, MPH William C. Turner, MD Toby Mailman, LCSW Husain Poonawala, MBBS Michael J. Uh, PhD Robert P. Marlin, MD, PhD, MPH Pamela Suzanne Portnoy, NP Honorata Uvoya Fwaling Christine Matindi Ann Potter, MD Sunil Verma, MD, MPH Thomas McCoy, MDiv, LCSW Anne Pratt, MA, PhD Muriel Volpellier, MA, MD Katherine McKenzie, MD Elizabeth D. Pulte, MD Arno Vosk, MD Carmen McLean, PhD Diana Punales, PhD Jeffrey Walden, MD Molly McMahon, LCSW Mary Puttmann-Kostecka, MD, Msc Judith Warren, PhD Susan McNamara, MD Katherine Ratzan Peeler, MD Matthew Watson, MD, MPH Emilie Medeiros, PhD Nathaniel A. Raymond Rachel Wheeler, MD Pooja Mehta, MD, MSHP Ronald B. Rea, PhD Mary H. White, MD Karen Melikian, PhD Jaana Rehnstrom, MD Beth E. Wigden, MD Donald L. Mellman, MD, MPH Steven Reisner, PhD Pamela Williams, MSW Ayesha Mian, MD Ricardo Restrepo-Guzman, MD, MPH Lee Laine Willis, LPC Anne Middaugh, PhD Adam K. Richards, MD, PhD, MPH Daniel Winetsky, MD, MS Ranit Mishori, MD, MHS Anne Richards, MD, MPH Hiwot Woldu, MD Charles H. Mitchell, MD Alex J. Rodrigues, PsyD Roxanna W. Wolfe, BSN, PsyD Susan Montgomery, PhD Dinorah M. Rodriguez, LCSW Nioke Wright, MD, MPH Rosa Morales-Theodore, MD Martha Rogers, PhD Stephen N. Xenakis, MD Francisco A. Moreno, MD Lucia Roncalli, MD Shormeh Yeboah, MD Félix Mugisho Maroyi Eric Rose, MD Susannah Young, FNP Freddy Mukendi Tshidja-Manga, LLB Paul Rosenfield, MD Sandra G. Zakowski, PhD Elora Mukherjee, JD Brad Roter, MD Fawzia Zawahir, MD Debora Munczek, PhD Katalin E. Roth, MD, JD Beth Zeeman, MD Toussaint Muntazini Mukimapa, LLB Nora E. Rowley, MD, MPH

phr.org 29 Board Staff

Board of Directors Executive Management Team Policy and Programs Kerry J. Sulkowicz, MD, Board Chair* Donna McKay, MS, Executive Director Christine Alai, LLM, Kenya Coordinator, Deborah D. Ascheim, MD* Widney Brown, JD, Director of Programs Program on Sexual Violence in Marion J. Bergman, MD, MPA DeDe Dunevant, Director of Conflict Zones David Dantzker, MD, Vice Chair Communications Elise Baker, Research Coordinator, and Treasurer* Susannah Sirkin, MEd, Director of Investigations Donald F. Donahue International Policy and Partnerships/ Sarah Dougherty, JD, MPH, Senior Kathleen M. Foley, MD Senior Advisor Fellow, U.S. Anti-Torture Program Justice Richard J. Goldstone Meredith Fortin, JD, Asylum Program Michele Heisler, MD, MPA* Administration and Finance Officer Alan K. Jones Rachel Chapman, LLM, Carolyn Greco, JD, Advocacy Associate Joel Lamstein Human Resources Manager Vincent Iacopino, MD, PhD, Medical Director Ambassador Stephen J. Rapp, JD John Dreher, IT Manager Harmonie Kobanghe, Program Assistant, Adam Richards, MD, MPH, PhD* Claudia Hassbach, MBA, Director Program on Sexual Violence Anthony D. Romero, JD of Finance in Conflict Zones Donna Shelley, MD, MPH* Varduhi Kyureghyan, Senior Accountant Inge Kool, MS, DRC Coordinator, Program Gerson H. Smoger, JD, PhD, Secretary* Jenna Watson, Executive Assistant on Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones Lois Whitman, JD, MS and Office Manager Zabi Mazoori, Afghanistan Program Coordinator Emeritus Board Members Communications Tom McHale, SM, Program Officer, Frank Davidoff, MD, MACP Stephen Fee, Media Relations Manager Program on Sexual Violence in Carola Eisenberg, MD Claudia Rader, MS, Content Conflict Zones H. Jack Geiger, MD, M Sci Hyg and Marketing Manager Christine Mehta, Researcher, Investigations Robert S. Lawrence, MD Simran Sachdev, MS, Online Zied Mhirsi, MD, MPH, Senior Program Communications Coordinator Officer, Forensic Training Institute *Members of PHR’s Marianne Møllmann, LLM, MSc, Senior Executive Committee in 2015 Development Researcher Corinne Ahearn, Grants Specialist Karen Naimer, JD, LLM, MA, Director, Sonya Alvarez, Major Gifts Manager Program on Sexual Violence in Hannah Chotiner-Gardner, Deputy Conflict Zones Director of Development Matthew Parsons, Program Associate, Hannah Howroyd, Development Investigations Senior Associate Rana Sahar, Program Assistant Christina Perez, Development Associate Jennine Sawwan, Asylum Program Beth Scully, Grant Writer Assistant Stefan Schmitt, MS, Director, International Forensic Program Sue Simon, MPA, Director, Forensic Training Institute Graphic Design: Beveridge Seay, Inc.

30 2015 Annual Report Statement of Finances

FY15 Operating Revenues Statement of Activities (for the year ending June 30, 2015) <1% <1% Revenues Grants Available for Use in FY15* $ 5,921,909 Contributions from Individuals $ 1,769,058 9% In-Kind Contributions $ 782,955 Investment Income $ 14,370 Other $ 3,450 21% 70% Total Operating Revenues For FY15 $ 8,491,742 Operating Expenses** $ 8,133,070

Statement of Financial Position (for the year ending June 30, 2015) Assets Grants $ 5,921,909 Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 988,231 Contributions $ 1,769,058 Accounts Receivable $ 11,144 In-Kind Contributions $ 782,955 Grant and Contribution Receivables $ 2,084,649 Investment Income $ 14,370 Prepaid Expenses and Other $ 47,940 Other $ 3,450 Property and Equipment, Net of Depreciation $ 393,732 Investments $ 3,863,871 Deposits $ 49,658

Total Assets $ 7,439,225

FY15 Operating Expenses Liabilities and Net Assets Line of Credit $ 1,483,211 Accounts Payable $ 201,691 8% Accrued Expenses $ 391,559 Deferred Revenue $ 201,618 10% Unrestricted Assets $ 2,992,733 Prior Period Adjustment** $ (1,020,840) Restated Unrestricted Assets $ 1,971,893 82% Temporarily Restricted Assets $ 4,179,218 Prior Period Adjustment** $ (989,965) Restated Temporarily Restricted Assets $ 3,189,253

Total Liabilities And Net Assets $ 7,439,225

Program Services $ 6,666,828 * Includes restricted funds received in prior years, earmarked for use in FY15 Fundraising $ 835,307 ** The prior period adjustments to unrestricted and temporarily restricted assets – Management & General $ 630,935 reducing net assets by a total of $2,010,805 – are the result of management reclassifying certain restrictive grant agreements in conjunction with the auditors. This revenue will appear in future years. Graphic Design: Beveridge Seay, Inc. Nobel Peace Prize New York, NY Boston, MA Washington, DC Co-laureate Headquarters

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