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Syria and Iraq Conflict Without Borders: 2016 in Review

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Syria and Iraq Conflict Without Borders: 2016 in Review U.S. Department of State [email protected] Unclassified http://hiu.state.gov Syria and Iraq Conflict Without Borders: 2016 in Review HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT Humanitarian Overview Dahuk The year 2016 marked the fifth year TURKEY since the Syrian conflict crisis began in Al Qamishli Dahuk March 2011. In late 2013, ISIS began to Ra’s al ‘Ayn Rabi‘ah wage its conflict in both Syria and Iraq. ‘Ayn al ‘Arab Al Hasakah Sinjar Erbil (Kobane) Mosul a Reyhanlı IRAN At the end of 2016: e Aleppo Erbil S Ar Raqqah Al Hasakah Urum al Kubra Syrians in need: 13.5 million n Ar Raqqah Al Qayyarah a Al Fu‘ah in Syria, including 6.3 million e Idlib n E Ninawa IDPs. 4.8 million Syrian Aleppo up a Kafriyah h Kirkuk r r refugees outside the country. r a Idlib te As Sulaymaniyah e Latakia s t Latakia Kirkuk Iraqis in need: 11 million in i d Dayr az Zawr Iraq, including 3.1 million IDPs. e Hamah M Tartus Dayr az Zawr IRAQ 293,000 Iraqi refugees outside Tartus T the country. ig SYRIA r is Civilians killed in conflict: Homs 16,913 Syrians and 6,878 Iraqis Tadmur Salah ad Din (Palmyra) were reported killed in LEBANON Homs fighting in 2016. This does not Diyala include the estimated Beirut Al Anbar thousands more who died of Az Zabadani Al Fallujah Euphr disease, malnutrition, and Madaya Hit ates GOLAN Damascus exposure due to the conflict. HEIGHTS Darayya Ar Ramadi Baghdad (Israeli- Damascus Rukban occupied) Damascus Persons in IDP locations Border crossing NationalBaghdad capital 15 million Al Countryside needWasit of Qunaytirah Dar‘a As aid since 12 Syrian IDP site UN aid border International 2012 Suwayda‘ crossing boundary Babil ISRAEL Iraqi IDP camp Syria Iraq 9 Besieged areas in KarbalaAdministrative JORDAN Syria in 2016 (UN) boundary Not 6 West displaced Bank* *Israeli-occupied with current status 3 subject to Israeli-Palestinian Interim 0 50 km Hard to reach areas Restricted access Displaced Maysan Amman Agreement; permanent status to be determined through further negotiations. 0 50 miles in Syria in 2016 (UN) area in Iraq inAl 2016 Qadisiyah (WFP) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 January - UN and ICRC aid convoys against terrorist organizations, and to April - WFP began airdrops for besieged 18 civilians and destroyed 18 trucks. Dhi Qar delivered aid supplies to vulnerable immediate humanitarian access to populations in Dayr az Zawr, which October - A counter-offensive to retake populations in Madaya, Az Zabadani, besieged and hard to reach areas via UN continued throughout 2016.An Najaf the ISIS-controlled city of Mosul began Al Fu‘ah, and Kafriyah after months SAUDIinteragency ARABIA convoys. June - Iraqi government forces and (see map/page 2). without access. Iraqi forces recaptured Ar Ramadi after Shi’ite militia recaptured Al Fallujah November - The governmentAl Basrah of Jordan February - The Syrian regime and its eight months of fighting. from ISIS (see map/page 2). permitted the UN to resume aid allies launched a brutal offensive in March - Syrian regime forces and allies The first aid convoy since 2012 reached Aldistributions Muthanna to IDPs at Rukban for the northern Aleppo (see map/page 2). recaptured the ancient city of Palmyra Darayya, but was followed by regime first time since August (see map/page 2). The International Syria Support Group from ISIS, but in December ISIS regained barrel bomb attacks. December - The Syrian regime and its agreed to a nationwide cessation of control of the city and destroyed more September - A non-coalition airstrike on allies encircled and regained all of hostilities, excluding military action Roman-era antiquities. Al Kuwayt an aid convoy near Urum al Kubra killed Aleppo (see map/page 2).KUWAIT Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative Sources: IOM, Syrian Network for Human Rights, UNHCR, UN OCHA, USG, WFP, press reporting February 3, 2017 - U1512(1) STATE (HIU) 1 U.S. Department of State [email protected] Unclassified http://hiu.state.gov Syria and Iraq Conflict Without Borders: 2016 in Review HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT Key Events Areas Aleppo TURKEY Mosul TURKEY In March, the Iraqi Aleppo Mosul shown government issued a Bab al Salam SYRIA 165,000 civilians were displaced in contingency plan for a IRAQ northern Aleppo during a regime IRAQ possible breach of the offensive between February and June. I‘zaz Mosul Dam amid fears Suran Dahuk Rukban Hit - Al Fallujah Turkey refused entry to new refugees. SYRIA that the lives of almost 1.5 IDP Camp Buhayrat Dahuk ‘Afrin million people along the Mari‘ Dahuk Tigris River could be at risk Tall Rif‘at Rabi‘ah Rabi‘ah from catastrophic flooding. SYRIA In February, ISIS Refugee and IDP locations Jindayris Opposition neighborhoods launched chemical Mosul Dam Syrian IDP site TURKEY Aleppo taken by regime weapon rockets on the Iraqi IDP camp Darat in late 2016 town of Sinjar, which Tigris ‘Izzah Huraytan Reyhanlı had been retaken by Ninawa Syrian refugee camp Kurdish forces. Previously Tall ‘Afar Bab Ad Dana controlled Mosul Border crossing Harim al Hawa Convoy strike at by regime Aleppo Iraqi government Urum al Kubra Sinjar UN aid border crossing and Kurdish forces Built-up area launched a counter- Arrows indicate movement Al Atarib Kafr Takharim The Syrian government 0 20 km offensive to retake of displaced persons Idlib regained control of Mosul city from ISIS National capital Aleppo city in late 0 20 miles control in October. 2016. The UN and ICRC International boundary By December, over evacuated 35,000 Dominant ISIS areas as of Dec. 2016 110,000 had escaped Al Fu‘ah Taftanaz ISIS territorial loss in late 2016 Administrative boundary 0 10 km civilians to Idlib city from Mosul. Al Qayyarah Binnish and countryside. ISIS territorial loss since August 2014 Road 0 10 miles Idlib Judgment as to which group has dominant influence over Salahan area isad based Din on a body of sources deemed reliable. The IDP camp along the Jordan-Syria Rukban IDP Camp Hit - Al Fallujah IRAQ border increased from approximately In June, Iraqi government forces and Shi’ite 13,700 to 80,000 Syrians in 2016. In Structure Low Iraqi government forces recaptured militia recaptured Al Fallujah from ISIS. Diyala November, the UN resumed aid Homs density ISIS territorial loss About 85,000 people were displaced from Al per sq. km. the town of Hit Hit since August 2014 deliveries to the population at a new as of Dec. 2016 Fallujah city and its environs, but thousands distribution site. from ISIS control in High April and nearly returned in the months that followed. Sand 74,000 displaced Ar Ramadi Al Anbar berm Iraqis returned to Al Fallujah Baghdad Al Mafraq Ar Ramadi district. Eup New distribution site December 2015 Rukban JORDAN In February, Iraqi government forces hra Baghdad tes camp extent 0 1 km drove ISIS out of Ar Ramadi, causing an estimated 17,000 residents to escape to 0 20 km SYRIA Previous distribution site 0 1 mile Al Anbar’s Al Fallujah district. 0 20 miles Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative Sources: UN OCHA, USG, press reporting February 3, 2017 - U1512(2) STATE (HIU) 2 U.S. Department of State [email protected] Unclassified http://hiu.state.gov Syria and Iraq Conflict Without Borders: 2016 in Review HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT Displacement by the Numbers IDPs and Iraqi refugees in Syria Refugees in Turkey Refugee and IDP locations in Syria, Iraq, More than 3% of Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan Turkey’s population are Syrian refugees Syrian IDP site Syrian refugee camp 8 million Syrian refugees (2016) Over 490,000 Syrian Iraqi IDP camp Iraqi refugee camp 14,886 In camps 7 6.3 Iraqis in refugee children, almost million Area refugee 60%, are in school Area of Syrian refugees not in camps 61% Not in camps (%) 6 of IDPs camps 2.9 An Emergency Social ’16 million Safety Net distributed 5 3 million debit cards to eligible Origin country 2 Syrian and non-Syrian Syrian and 4 2.4 million Syrian Arrival country Syria Iraq IDPs need shelter; 91% refugees Iraqi refugees 1 Greece (Jan.–Dec.) 80,749 26,138 3 5.3 million need More than 128,000 Iraqi Non-food Items refugees registered with in Europe Italy (Jan.–Nov.) 1,127 1,412 2 8.7 million in need of ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 UNHCR in 2016 food security 1 More than 93,000 children arrived by sea and over 280,000 Palestinians 319,000 children applied for asylum in Europe in 2016. have been internally Syrian refugees in Lebanon ’16’15’14’13’12 displaced At least one fifth of the population in Number of asylum seekers Lebanon are refugees from Syria One symbol equals 1,000 people Syria Iraq IDPs and Syrian refugees in Iraq 93% of Syrian refugee households have some degree of food insecurity Switz. Sweden Germany Italy Over 1.27 million Iraqi 31,141 Palestinian refugees from Syria Bulgaria returnees returned to Al are in Lebanon Neth. Hungary Fallujah, Ar Ramadi, and 2 million Spain Austria Hit districts 1 million Belgium 1 Greece 46% of IDPs reside in 100% U.K. rented accommodations, France 18% with host families, ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 17% in critical shelters, 17% in camps Syrian refugees in Jordan 98% of Syrian refugees are SWEDEN Top ten countries living in the Kurdistan 72% of Syrian refugee of asylum Region of Iraq households have some for Syrians degree of food U.K. NETH. insecurity GER. Top 10 4 million 3.3 BEL. countries million 93% of Syrian refugees of asylum outside of camps live FRANCE AUS.
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