Sustainable Mobility Solutions in Remote Alpine Territories
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Sustainable mobility solutions in remote Alpine territories Alpine Convention Working Group Transport Soft Mobility Subgroup Final report Working Group Transport – Sustainable mobility solutions in remote Alpine territories – Final report 2014 Editor: Alpine Convention Working Group Transport / French Ministry for Sustainable Development Sustainable mobility solutions in remote Alpine territories – Final report October 2014 Image front cover: Cerema, France Text: Cerema, France, with contributions from the Soft Mobility subgroup members Maps: Cerema, France, unless otherwise specified Supervisor: Daniel Chemin, French Ministry for Sustainable Development Technical Overview: David Caubel, David Dubois, Cerema, France Partial or complete reproduction of the text is permitted only with references’ citations (title and editions) Page 2/146 Working Group Transport – Sustainable mobility solutions in remote Alpine territories – Final report 2014 Alpine Convention Working Group Transport Soft Mobility Subgroup Sustainable mobility solutions in remote Alpine territories Final report October 2014 Page 3/146 Working Group Transport – Sustainable mobility solutions in remote Alpine territories – Final report 2014 Page 4/146 Working Group Transport – Sustainable mobility solutions in remote Alpine territories – Final report 2014 Contents A. Guidelines...........................................................................................................8 A.1. Reminder of context: the promotion of sustainable transport solutions..........................................9 A.2. Remote territories............................................................................................................................9 A.3. The task of the Soft Mobility Subgroup..........................................................................................10 B. Identification of remote territories....................................................................11 B.1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................12 B.1.1. Two ways to define remote territories.........................................................................................12 B.1.2. Remoteness: a question of scale and individual perception.........................................................12 B.2. General methodology used to identify remote territories..............................................................13 B.3. Conclusions....................................................................................................................................15 C. Sustainable mobility solutions...........................................................................16 C.1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................17 C.2. Analysis of good practices..............................................................................................................18 C.2.1. Micro public transport services....................................................................................................20 C.2.2. Other mobility services.................................................................................................................39 C.2.3. Non-mobility solutions..................................................................................................................52 C.2.4. Organisation and mobility management measures......................................................................65 D. Main lessons and recommendations.................................................................78 D.1. First lessons learnt from good practices.........................................................................................79 D.1.1. A fairly high number of good practices ........................................................................................79 D.1.2. A very wide range of measures....................................................................................................79 D.1.3. The importance of tourism...........................................................................................................81 D.1.4. A lack of evaluation and monitoring.............................................................................................81 D.1.5. Good practices transferability from one territory to another......................................................82 D.2. Main recommendations.................................................................................................................82 D.2.1. The need for local expertise and close monitoring of the users’ needs.......................................83 D.2.2. The need for integrated approaches and improved coordination................................................84 D.2.3. The need for a simple and easily understandable mobility offer.................................................86 D.2.4. The need for long-term funding...................................................................................................87 D.3. Conclusions....................................................................................................................................89 E. Appendix...........................................................................................................90 E.1. General mapping of identified remote areas per country...............................................................91 E.2. Detailed methodologies to identify remote areas per country.....................................................109 E.3. List of remote municipalities per country.....................................................................................120 E.4. Overview of collected good practices...........................................................................................141 Page 5/146 Working Group Transport – Sustainable mobility solutions in remote Alpine territories – Final report 2014 Act of transmission The Soft Mobility Subgroup has agreed the final text of the synthesis report on “Sustainable mobility solutions in remote and/or sparsely populated Apine territories”, on the basis of the Mandate given to the Working Group Transport of the Alpine Convention. The following experts participated in the preparation of the report : Austria: Veronika Holzer – Bundesministerium für Land-und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft (BLMFUW) – Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management ; Ernst Lung, Wolfgang Grubert – Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie (BMVIT) – Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology; Christian Rankl – Amt der Vorarlberger Landesregierung – Office of the Vorarlberg State Government. France: Daniel Chemin (Coordinator) – Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement Durable et de l’Énergie (MEDDE) – Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, David Caubel, David Dubois (Technical overview) – Centre d’études et d’expertise sur les risques, l’environnement, la mobilité et l’aménagement (Cerema) – Centre for Expertise and Engineering on Risks, Urban and Country Planning, Environment and Mobility. Germany: Inga Ahrens – Bundesministeriul für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtetwicklung (BMVBS) – Federal Ministry of Transport, Building und Urban Development ; Harry Seybert – Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft, Verkehr, Infrastruktur und Technologie (StMWIVT) – Bavarian State Ministry of Economic Affairs, Infrastructure, Transport and Technology ; Stefan Marzelli, Claudia Schwarz – Institut für Umweltplanung und Raumentwicklung (IFUPLAN) – Institute for Environmental Planning and Spatial Development. Italy: Paolo Angelini – Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare (MATTM) – Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea ; Massimo Santori – Centro Studi sui Sistemi di Trasporto (CSST), Transport Services Study Center ; Raffaele Vergnani – Accademia Europea di Bolzano (EURAC) – European Academy of Bolzano. Slovenia: Zlatko Podgorski – Ministrstvo za Infrastrukturo in Prostor (MZIP) – Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning. Switzerland: Ueli Balmer, Franziska Borer Blindenbacher, Stefanie Pfändler – Bundesamt für Raumentwicklung (ARE) – Federal Office for Spatial Development. Observator: Hélène Denis – Club Arc Alpin. Page 6/146 Working Group Transport – Sustainable mobility solutions in remote Alpine territories – Final report 2014 Mandate given by the Standing Committee and conduct of the study During the 51st standing committee of the Alpine Convention, held in Milano on November 20-21, 2012, the mandate of the Working Group Transport for 2013-2014 was adopted. The new mandate, to be accomplished before the 13th Alpine Conference, asked the Alpine delegations to further investigate on the issue of sustainable mobility solutions in remote and/or sparsely populated Alpine territories. The text of the Mandate regarding the related point is here reported, as follows: “Ahead of the XIII conference, the standing Working Group Transport will explore the following new issues. Reviewing practices and strategies of sustainable transport solutions in Alpine sparsely populated and/or remote areas and develop recommendations to promote mobility in these regions”. The activities of the Soft Mobility Subgroup, regarding sustainable transport solutions in Alpine sparsely populated and/or remote areas, started in occasion of