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Special Libraries, 1948 Special Libraries, 1940s

11-1-1948

Special Libraries, November 1948

Special Libraries Association

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Special Libraries VOLUME39 ...... Established 191 0 ...... NUMBER9

CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER 1948

The Organization and Administration of a Pharmaceutical Library . . ALBERTAL. BROWN 303

Employers' Evaluation of Training Desirable for the special Librarian-A Panel Discussion . . . 309

Recruitment and the Library School . . HAZELADELE PULLING313

Education for Special Librarianship . . WALTERA. SOUTHERN316

Events and Publications . . 325

Announcements . . . 326

Indexed in Industrial Arts Index, Public Mairs Information Service, and Library Literature

ALMA CLARVOEMITCHILL KATHLEENBROWN STEBBINS Edifor Advertising Manager

The articles which appear in SPECIALLIBRARIES express the views of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the opinion or the policy of the editorial staff and publisher.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES published monthly September to April, with bi-monthly issues May to August. by The Special Libraries Association. Publication Office, Rea Building, 704 Second Ave., Pittsburgh 19, Pa. Address all communications for pblication to editorial offices at 31 East Tenth Street, New York 3, N. Y. Subscription price: $7.00 a year; foreign $7.50; single copies, 75 cents. Entered as ~econd-class matter February 5. 1947, at the Post Office at Pittsburgh. Penn~~l~lania,under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing af special rate of postage provided for in the Act of February 28, 1925, authorized February 5, 1947. RECOMMEND THESE BOOKS TO YOUR COMPANY EXECUTIVES

0 NOVEMBER a

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Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements THE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF A PHARMACEUTICAL LIBRARY1 By ALBERTA L. BROWN Librarian, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan

HE special library has made suitable person to organize and care great strides during the past for them. Ttwenty years. Two world wars The general functions of a library have helped to accentuate not only the have been well stated in an article en- value but the necessity for increased titled "Organizing a Special Business technical service which, in turn, re- Library," appearing in Management Re- quires trained personnel. Pharmaceut- view for July 1947, p. 368-371. "Any ical houses early in 1942 suddenly dis- plan for the establishment of a special covered that instead of serving the library must take into account the na- peaceful interests of well-being, they ture of the organization to be served, had become war industries overnight. and the ways in which it is to be served. Some companies found their libraries In simplest terms, the function of the well-equipped and organized to meet company library is a dual one: (a) to this unusual demand, others found that furnish quickly and accurately to any their pharmaceutical fences not only executive or employe needed informa- needed mending, but building as well. tion pertinent to company policy, opera- The university library has been de- tion or program development; and (b) scribed as the hub of that institution, to act as the central depository of the and the scientific library is equally im- organization's literature, both published portant to the research worker. This (books, periodicals, pamphlets, patents) paper will deal specifically with the and internal (research reports, labora- organization and administration of such tory notebooks, etc.) In many instances a collection of scientific material, espe- the special library serves also as a lend- cially in its relation to the pharmaceu- ing agency for books of general interest tical industry. for recreation and self-education, the ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION collection in this field either being Two problems immediately present maintained by the company or loaned themselves to the personnel office or to by a neighboring public library." the Director of Research when a new SELECTION OF THE LIBRARIAN library is considered. Generally, books, The selection of the librarian should journals and other materials, including not be haphazard; neither, as often pamphlets and patents, have been col- happens, should he be the handiest per- lecting over the years, and in the pro- son available on the office force. There cess the collection has become scattered is much variation of o~inionwhether and unwieldy. The decision to bring this position should go to a chemist or them together in one place under one to a professionally trained librarian. The head means that a suitable place must ideal combination is the Derson with both be found to house them and an equally types of training. However, few people find it possible to train and become ex- 1 Paper presented before the Science-Tech- perienced in two different lines of work nology Group, Pharmaceutical Section, on June 10, 1948, at SLA Convention in Washington, and the average industrial organization D. C. is unwilling to pay a salary essential to 304 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November double training. The person who has a must have special training and talents, good scientific background with lan- and they should have compensation guage training and who does his grad- commensurate with the great impor- uate work in library science should be tance and dignity of their work. This well equipped. For the chemist without compensation should be not only in professional training some kind of in- terms of money, but also in terms of service training in a well organized li- rank and prestige. The scientist has not brary is essential. F. R. St. John in fully appreciated the extent to which "What Kind of Training?" (SPECIALgood teamwork with a librarian will ad- LIBRARIES32 : 51-54, 1941) points out vance research." Research organizations that "In many cases an excellent libra- are inclined to underestimate the con- rian is thus trained, but one difficulty is tribution made by the library staff, and that the result is too often a mechanical salary scales within the department are librarian with little or no appreciation apt to vary to an alarming degree. The of the philosophy of service." No sound librarian needs an intellectual capacity business man would hire an "interested and requirement comparable to that of person" to dabble in chemical research, other personnel in the research depart- and sound business principles should ment, but he may find himself rated also apply in the choice of a librarian. with the office personnel and might even PLACE IN THE ORGANIZATION be on a lower salary schedule. In a Salary and place in the organization pharmaceutical library, the librarian, play an important role in the adminis- presupposing he has a scientific and tration of the library. Henry Gilman in language background and is profession- "What the Chemist Expects of the Li- ally trained, should stand in relation to brarian" (College and Research Libra- the director of research as do the other ries 8: 329-332, 1947) says, "Compe- department heads. The following chart tent librarians in active research groups gives a brief idea of that relationship:

--- --I 7- - Antibbtics Bacteriology Lib!ary Organic Nutrition Etc. Research Placing the library under any one of development these services take. To department in research may lead not quote further from Management Re- only to confusion but may very well view of July 1947: "The library's ser- cause overemphasis in one field and vices are varied: furnishing factual an- lack of development in others. It may swers to spot information requests; keep the library from any over-all keeping executives and supervisors in- growth especially if the head of the par- formed in their special fields by scan- ticular department has no knowledge of ning and routing periodicals, books or library techniques nor any interest in news items to the attention of those its functions. concerned; making literature searches LIBRARY PERSONNEL on any subject; clipping newspapers and The size of the staff depends on how periodicals and establishing an infor- few or how many services are carried mation file for ready reference by sub- on. Personnel should be added as the ject; preparing abstracts of periodical services to research and management articles, either as a regular program or increase and warrant them. The type on special demand; preparing reading of help depends largely on the course lists and bibliographies; reading book 19481 THE ORGANIZATION & ADMINISTRATION OF A PHARMACEUTICAL LIBRARY 305 reviews and evaluating new publica- the chemist is apt to fall down. It might tions for recommendation to purchase be added that the average chemist is in the general business, labor and tech- such a specialist that he is lost outside nical fields; making readily available of his own field. The librarian with a by means of efficient cataloging and general knowledge through specialized other modern library procedures the training of the general tools of research company's collection of published and can conceivably do a better over-all unpublished materials, and controlling job than a specialist in one field. them by proper circulation and loan Two personnel problems confront the records; borrowing books not in the library which has mushroomed from a company's library from other libraries staff of one to a staff of many doing or through membership in the Special various grades of work, some profes- Libraries Association." The many re- sional and some clerical. Firstly, the sponsibilities listed above indicate a grades of work within the library must wide variety of talents and abilities, be evaluated, and secondly, this evalu- ranging from the purely clerical to the ation must be fitted into the general professional. If the book collection is scheme of the company. At the Upjohn large enough to need organization, my Company the personnel division, in col- experience has been that a trained cata- laboration with the rating committee, loger is the best answer to the problem. has included the library personnel in There are many deficiencies in both its studies. Progressing from job de- cataloging and classification, but, so far, finition through job analysis it has no one has produced a system giving arrived at evaluations which are in turn comparable results. Many of the ser- fitted into the ratings used for the com- vices to industry involve some form of pany as a whole. The professional li- indexing to keep the material readily brary positions rate with others in the available, and much of this indexing technical classes in the research depart- can be done by good clerical help if ments, whereas the clerical jobs com- there is a cataloger to organize a plan pare favorably with other office jobs. and to work out suitable forms for use. We started out with two general classi- In our card catalog, in our index to fications and after the survey we were medical abstracts, in our patent files divided into five, with the way left open and in other indexes we have used basic for growth. In arriving at salary ratings cataloging forms, but in each case we the committee considered three things: have varied the form to suit the par- the salary level of the library profession ticular situation. as a whole (this applies to professional Reference service in the usual sense help only), salaries in the Kalamazoo may or may not need special personnel. area in general and salaries paid for At the Upjohn Company we have found similar work in other pharmaceutical it necessary to have a combination houses. The clerical grades were also reference and circulation desk covered evaluated by a comparison of the skills all of the time. This is one place where required in similar jobs within the com- either professionally-trained personnel pany. or a chemist may be used. Generally, BUDGET the chemist is more familiar with the Financial support of the library is tools of his particular profession and is approached in various ways. The library able to do a more thorough job of li- staff is well aware of the fact that it brary research in his field. But on the never shows a profit on sales sheets, debit side there is considerable refer- but, on the other hand, many an indi- ence work for management and busi- rect contribution made by the librarians ness administration and at this point to the sales and other divisions have 306 SPECIAL LIBRARIES LNovember

made profits possible. ' The well-inte- proximity to the greatest number of grated library contributes to the finan- workers makes for better efficiency all cial returns of the company through its around. The need or excuse to set up services. individual libraries all over the plant In a company like ours all accounting will not arise if this is taken into con- procedures are handled in a separate sideration. Lack of such consideration department, but before determining a can create a bad situation, for a book budget it is necessary to keep some collection has little value if it is not record of expenditures as a basis for available when needed, and the "class- prospective figures. For a couple of room library," to borrow a college term, years before arriving at a budget we only adds to the library's difficulties and kept such a record of all expenditures to those of the library user as well. including subscriptions to periodicals, Quiet, pleasant surroundings make it book purchases analyzed by depart- possible for the researcher to do a bet- ments and equipment. This latter item ter job and contribute generally to the required a larger sum during the first efficiency of library personnel. years than later. As a basis for budget- The various functions of the library ing we still keep separate records of determine the space requirements. book and periodical purchases analyzed Work areas for the staff are, of course, by departments. Unusua 1 purchases, a first essential; reading areas for the such as a long run of periodicals, neces- research staff are advisable. Section 14 sitate a special arrangement with the of the Science-Technology Libraries budget committee as the need arises. Bibliography lists the important data re- On the basis of the above records plus garding space for workers, and need an evaluation of the needs arising from not be repeated here. Frequently, the new developments for the coming year problem is largely one of arrangement, we attempt to estimate our budget ex- as the space itself is already alloted, clusive of space rent and maintenance, but where new space is being planned, dividing it into four distinct sections: careful attention should be given to 1. Salaries such details as shelving, cabinets, hous- 2. Books and periodicals ing for special services, etc. Having or- 3. Capital expenditures (Equipment valued at more than $50) ganized two technical libraries and re- 4. Miscellaneous-Office supplies, etc. organized two college libraries I have QUARTERS AND EQUIPMENT found that if the shelving available is One of the most serious problems not all old it is very helpful to apply facing the library is that of adequate to a library supply house for plans. If and desirable space. The cardinal fail- possible, it is wise to buy standard ure of management in this regard seems movable shelving and either the Li- to be due to a number of factors, some brary Bureau or Gaylord's is willing of which are unavoidable. Among them to supply blueprints if floor plans are are space limitations in general and a available. This presupposes that you lack of understanding of the needs of are considering purchasing some of their the library in particular. Then, too, the shelving. They are experts in the field library is apt to be a late arrival, and and are, thus, better able to squeeze often the only available space is some- out better book space. thing no one else could use or want. At the Upjohn Company we are now This is unavoidable, but as the library engaged in an expansion program, and becomes an integrated part of the or- our problem has been to adapt our old ganization, better arrangements should space into the expansion. We are very be made. Location with respect to other fortunate in having had adequate space departments is of prime importance, for in the original library for ten years, to say nothing of real beauty in all of our which to hang a project and may have appointments. Barring phenomenal value at other times, but I have always growth we will now have accommoda- felt that statistics for their own sake tions for twenty years, but we will have have little use. We actually keep very adequate facilities under any circum- few figures regularly since our accession stances for ten years. Generally, in in- record gives us the necessary ones for dustry one does not plan beyond this books, and the budget gives the other latter figure. side of the picture. We do keep depart- We are doubling our space for library mental figures on book expenditures as personnel and we will have special a basis for the budget, but even that is quarters for microfilm readers and for not final, as a sudden expansion will film storage cabinets, for patent cases change the picture overnight. At pres- with index files, for a conference room, ent we are slowly moving our people for carrells conveniently placed in the out to the finished sections of the new stack room and for a periodical room production plant. Fifty percent of a adjacent to the stack room equipped group may move, and material must with drawers to hold all unbound issues be duplicated at once. We have no of the journals until bound. We have other alternative, whatever our statis- found it advisable to keep all abstract- tics show. However, it is often necessary ing and other similar research media to give management exact facts. Some such as Chemical Abstracts, Chemisches two years ago we started a special ser- Zentralblatt, and Beilstein's Organische vice which caught on and mushroomed Chemie, in one place for convenience in from a simple procedure to a job re- literature searches. We plan to have an quiring about half the time of a profes- abstract room furnished with standing sional librarian and a typist. We had no height, sloping top shelves and individ- actual figures, but it was a simple mat- ual study tables to facilitate abstract ter to estimate the extent of the work searching. The conference room will be by taking a ruler and doing a little equipped with a blackboard, a confer- computation on the basis of 100 cards ence table and some book shelves in to the inch; the final figure was close order to provide a suitable place for enough to fact to use honestly. discussions. We have put a non-techni- ACQUISITION OF MATERIAL cal reading room into our plans, which The book collection in a pharmaceut- we expect to use for recreational read- ical library, though selective, should be ing and for books and other materials inclusive in the subject field, but it which will help employes to learn more needs also to be well-rounded in the about their jobs. Whether or not the general fields of economics, personnel local public library will furnish the management, business books, trade purely recreational reading as is often manuals, etc. To quote again from Man- the case in similar situations is ques- agement Review, July 1947: "A small tionable. I would prefer to have it re- basic reference collection will be need- main a purely Upjohn project for rea- ed which should include: a good gen- sons of supervision, for ease of admin- eral encyclopedia, an unabridged dic- istration, and for greater breadth of tionary, foreign language dictionaries as book selection. In our particular situ- needed, biographical encyclopedias of ation the budget for a recreational pro- the Who's Who type, yearbooks and al- ject would come from a different source. manacs, directories, cyclopedias of quo- but the problem would not be insur- tations, financial or business services mountable. and statistical handbooks." The Chem- STATISTICS ical Abstracts are a first purchase. We Statistics are often useful pegs upon also have Chemisches Zentralblatt, Zn- 308 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November dex Medicus, British Chemical Ab- processed immediately. If L.C. cards stracts, Biological Abstracts, Public Af- have been ordered but not received, fairs Information Service and Industrial the book is cataloged and temporary Arts Index. In addition to the abstract- cards are filed. Books are seldom held ing tools we find it necessary to index in the catalog department more than many current items in order to keep a couple of days, for we feel that since ahead of the requests. In the field of the book was bought for our readers, medical literature we have subscribed we should get it to them without delay. to Excerpta Medica in full, but it is too JOURNALS new to rate as yet. Journals received either by subscrip- A basic tool for the chemist is Beil- tion or through memberships form the stein's Organische Chemie, and the bulk of our collection. Their choice. Union List of Serials is basic to us for acquisition and processing requires the its many uses, aside from its interlibrary full time of one person. The research loan value. Other fundamental reference staff has always been a great help in tools are the United States Pharmaca- adding new titles to the list. Member- poeia, National Formulary, handbooks ships generally include some kind of of chemistry and physics and medical publication and are placed in the name dictionaries. Any special fields in which of one person. These publications are the Company has an interest, such as considered journals if the membership veterinary medicine or electronics, will is paid for by the company. require further tools. CONCLUSION BOOKS Other things which might well be The book collection itself is kept up considered are the arrangement of ma- to date by the constant perusal of cur- terials, including the cataloging of rent scientific literature. The men in books, periodicals and serials, and the the Research Department make re- special services, such as abstracting, quests, and I check as many sources as patents, trade mark information, ser- possible for new book notices. We re- vices to the business offices, interlibrary ceive the Technical Book Review Index, loan, and maintenance of a microfilm and it is checked monthly. We do find collection. that we seldom purchase technical For the newcomer in the field there books from this list, for if a book was are many general articles which are useful to us we already secured it be- useful, but there are two which are espe- fore receiving the list, but it has been cially helpful: very useful for the choice of books in Soule -Library Guide for the Chemist. other fields as accounting, personnel McGraw, 1938. Science-Technology Libraries Bibfiogra- management, and others. phy, sponsored by the Illinois Chapter The Library at the Upjohn Company and edited by Edith Joannes. 1947. handles book and periodical orders for The organization and administration all departments, research or otherwise. of a pharmaceutical library may range Book orders are placed once a week from the simple to the very complex, unless there is some special rush, in but, in any case, organization along which case they are placed at once. professional lines always increases the When received, books are cataloged and efficiency and usefulness of a library. EMPLOYERS9 EVALUATION OF TRAINING DESIRABLE FOR THE SPECIAL LIBRARIAN* A PANEL DISCUSSION

PANEL discussion on the employ- "This Conference is called in an attempt to ers' evaluation of training desir- crystallize some of the thought among those special librarians who are employers and who A able for special librarians was have had to select their employes on a prac- held in the Hotel Statler, Washington, tical basis of how best to accomplish the most D. C., on June 5, 1948, under the chair- with the facilities available. In preparing your manship of Ruth H. Hooker. Mr. Verner discussion some of the following ideas may Clapp, Assistant Librarian of Congress, be helpful: "Do you think the present training given acted as moderator. The panel was librarians sufficient? composed of one representative from "How many libraries employ subject spe- each SLA Group, one representative-at- cialists without library training? Is this be- large and eleven observers. cause there are no subject specialists with The fifteen participating members library training? were: Rose Vormelker, Business Group; "Do you think it would be a valuable ex- periment if some library schools would en- Lucille L. Keck, Social Science Group; deavor to teach a few students each year to Blanche Davenport, Newspaper Group; become experts in a given subject with a Burton Adkinson, Geography and Map comprehensive knowledge of its literature? Group; Mary Louise Marshall, Biolog- "Have library school administrators ical Sciences Group; Elizabeth Fergu- planned their programs after visiting various types of libraries and then included, in the son, Insurance Group; Mortimer Taube, course of study, items to provide such Science-Technology Group; Leila Clark, training? Museum Group; Marguerite Burnett, "How many of these administrators have Financial Group; Virginia Smucker, discussed the possibilities of cooperation be- Publishing Group; Margaret Uridge, tween the library school and the depart- ments of law, medicine, chemistry, physics, University and College Group; Agnes and others, in order to prepare a few stu- Gautreaux, Transportation Group; dents each year who would qualify as sub- Mabel I. McLaughlin, Hospital and ject specialists? Nursing Librarians Group; Natalie "Do you agree with Dr. Van Evera, head Frank, Advertising Group; and Isabelle of the Chemistry Department of George Washington University, who challenges the Frost, Representative-at-large. attitude of many faculty members outside The observers were: Madeline Ca- of the sciences that 'history itself is a broad nova, Ralph Dunbar, Elsa Freeman, field, economics is a broad field, sociology is Katharine O'Donnell, Rev. James 3. a broad field, but chemistry, physics and mathematics together constitute nothing Kortendick, David Kessler, Kathleen B. more than a single street and two sidewalks Stebbins, Francis St. John, Ruth Leon- which one can survey in its entirety by walk- ard, Irene M. Strieby and Hazel A. ing hastily down either one of the sidewalks Pulling. or the street'? Sometime prior to the meeting a let- "Do you feel any kinship with the senti- ment expressed in the address of the Presi- ter was sent to each prospective par- dent of the Special Libraries Association at ticipant as follows: the Eleventh Annual Convention in 1920, which was printed in SPECIALLIBRARIES: 1 A stenotype record was made of this 'May we not catch a new and higher con- cussion and is available in mimeographed ception of our profession, namely, service form. Those who participated have been sent with scholarship, service with poise, service copies; others may purchase them from SLA which commands recognition, service in Headquarters Office for $1.00. This charge is which is lodged not alone a knowledge of made to cover the cost of paper, postage and the wurces, but a knowledge of the sub- reproduction. jects themselves'? 3 10 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November

"Do you agree with an eminent librarian ans should be trained to meet evew and one of our charter members, who said request with amiable equanimity, even 'When you leave these generalities and get into the special fields, it is safe to say that though a question may seem foolish, or library work for the most part deals with may have been asked for the hundredth the humanities and that the wider and time in one day. They should realize more extensive a man's experience in the that the treatment given each patron humanities, the more successful will be his efforts in library work'? determines how good or how bad the "Perhaps none of these suggested ideas relations of a particular library will be seems pertinent to you; perhaps your ideas with its public. are radically different. Let's have them. This A knowledge of sources and their Conference is small; discussion should be free; limitations was emphasized by three conventional ideas should be discarded where they impede, supported where thgr are found speakers. Too many library school grad- to be good." uates assume that information not found Each participant in turn was asked in indexes does not exist. Students need for a five- to ten-minute statement. more training in the use of indexes, As might be expected, frequent men- directories and other reference tools. tion was made of inherent characteris- not only in what they can be made to tics particularly desirable in a special yield, but in what they cannot give. If librarian such as an alert mind, innate the purpose and the scope of each tool inquisitiveness, high IQ, amiable dis- are understood, a composite answer to position, attractive personality and so a difficult question can be found by ac- forth. There were several suggestions quiring a little from each source, and that aptitude tests or other screening by mixing results with imagination and processes be used to detect such qual- "horse sense". ities. These would limit admission to Interneship and orient ation were library schools to the better qualified mentioned also by several participants. candidates, largely eliminating misfits, Although customarily the term "in- and could prove to be the greatest fac- terneship" implies practice under cer- tor in raising standards of special libra- tain controls following completion of rianship. No doubt this is wishful an- formal training, in this discussion the ticipation of an ideal situation and it idea was expressed that interneship may be some time before library schools should be given before completion of can be so selective, or devise depend- formal training. It would serve to guide able aptitude tests. the student into the type of library for Apparently, special librarians recog- which he was best suited, and to the nize the necessity for the study and type of work within the library for promotion of the public relations aspect which he demonstrated the best apti- of library work, since its importance tude. This method would afford the stu- was mentioned and stressed by five dent an opportunity to take additional speakers, each speaker making a dis- courses in his subject specialty. tinction between public relations and It was interesting to observe that in publicity. Library training should in- cases where selection was to be made clude a type of indoctrination which between a job applicant with library stimulates the desire and enthusiasm to training and one with only subject train- promote the use of libraries in every ing, (but not both) one speaker pre- conceivable way-to make dependence ferred the library-trained applicant, an- on the library for information as in- other preferred the subject specialist, stinctive as dependence on the corner while three participants stated their ex- grocery for a pound of tea. The student perience indicated library school train- should be imbued with the spirit of ing was of no great importance. Al- service that carries conviction. Librari- though there were no other specific 19481 EMPLOYERS' EVALUATION OF TRAINING FOR THE SPECIAL LIBRARIAN 3 11 comments on this point, it was implied of library work as to cataloging. that the combination of library train- Librarians should be taught to ab- ing and subject training was the ideal. stract and to understand the different This was highlighted by a remark con- types of indexing. They should realize cerning a library school which has 750 that in abstracting, indexing, cataloging jobs in its files for librarians who are and like endeavors, they create records subject specialists and which it cannot for others to use, while in doing refer- fill. ence work they are using records cre- Concerning the learning of techniques ated by other people. or the theory and philosophy of librari- Librarians should be taught to write anship, there was sharp divergence of reports and should have training in pub- opinion. At least one person pleaded for lic speaking in order to communicate greater philosophic content within the their thoughts effectively. courses, while several others pointed out The importance of job relations was the importance of knowing and experi- stressed, also the need for frequent re- encing techniques. fresher courses to develop new ideas. There were also manv comments on A description was given of an experi- in-service training as opposed to train- ment in graduate level interneship, and ing acquired in formal courses. Opinions of the program of certification advanced were fairly equally divided between by the Medical Library Association. those who thought in-service training These provide an approach to recog- was the only practical way to instill nition, and consequent advancement, of knowledge and methods in certain types the more intensively trained librarians. of libraries. and those who insisted that A manual for special library work the prospective employe should be ade- was pointed out as being urgently need- quately trained when he applied for the ed in library schools. job. In newspapers and general pub- Miss Isabelle Frost's1 answer to the lishing, in-service training was deemed question "How should you like to have essential. In such libraries, a "nose for your future employe trained?" was so news" and an awareness of the "dead- comprehensive and challenging that it line", are of paramount importance. is given in full, as follows: Here, abstracting techniques on a high "I should like to have my future em- level are required in order to enable ployes first hear about special libraries librarians to scan columns of type and at a high school vocational counsel- to spot almost instantly a salient sen- ing session for college preparatory tence or two in a factual story or color- students -not one planned for those ful phrasing in a "think piece" for already interested in knowing more possible quotes or paraphrasing. about different kinds of libraries as The need for foreign-language knowl- discussed by a public, a college and a edge was pointed up by five of the special librarian-but rather a program speakers, two of whom specifically in- designed for students interested in hear- cluded Latin. ing about opportunities in business and Many scattered comments of impor- industry in their community from a lo- tance were made which do not fit into cal advertising man, an airline hostess, any particular category, such as: a manufacturing executive, a merchan- Librarians fail to teach clerical work- dise buyer and a business librarian. ers adequately to do simple tasks, and "As a member of a panel of five, the consequently, they spend too much business librarian should tell about spe- time on detail.

Work simplification methods should 1 Librarian, Lansing Library Service, Divi- be applied as vigorously to other phases sion of Safeway Stores, Inc., Oakland, Cal. 3 12 SPECIAL LIBRARIES LNovember

cia1 libraries in general, and his own ester the students should be given an library in particular and the challenge aptitude-interest test to determine their it affords to bring facts and people to- ability, knowledge and interest in spe- gether. The many opportunities it offers cific jobs in different types of libraries. students interested in business and re- This should be followed by confer- search should be explained. Among the ences between the library school faculty qualifications outlined should be the and each student, for the purpose of dis- following: average grades in required cussing the results of the aptitude-in- subjects including Latin and typing, in- terest test and additional factors which, itiative and a good memory, ability to together, would determine the subject analyze problems, varied interests, par- field of specialization during the second ticipation in activities, and a well- semester. rounded personality. Recruiting folders "As a result of the first semester's pro- issued by SLA should be distributed at gram, a portion of the students should the end of the session with an invita- elect and be qualified to devote the last tion to visit the company library. half of their time in library school to "After graduation, the students should acquiring knowledge and skill in special spend four years in a medium-sized co- library practice and techniques. A educational college near their home. planned series of lectures, given by They should major in economics, and business and research librarians in the take courses in agricultural economics, area, would cover such subjects as spe- advertising, merchandising and statis- cial classifications, subj ect headings, tics and minor in English, studying work simplification as applied to order- business English, public speaking and ing and cataloging, techniques of litera- psychology. A general reading knowl- ture searching and abstracting, infor- edge of French, German and Spanish mation sources in special fields, pro- should also be attained. Two summers cedure manuals, administration prob- between the junior and senior year and lems, and library information services after graduation should be spent in part- for centralized and decentralized or- time work at a public library. ganizations. Extensive use should be "The entire first month of library made of films, visual aids, the confer- school training should be devoted to ence technique and supervised practice a library orientation course outlining work. the purpose, functions, general charac- "Upon completion of library school teristics and job opportunities-present training the students should have had and potential -in university, public, several years of interest in special li- school and special libraries throughout braries, some practical experience in a the country, and particularly in the sur- library, general and specialized train- rounding area. The lectures should be ing, and should show proven fitness for given by library school staff members business library work. They should be according to their particular library ex- ready. then to accept positions. They perience. Visits to libraries in the area should bring to an organization under- which are unfamiliar to students should standing, enthusiasm and confidence be planned. and should be equipped with the re- "The balance of the first semester quired techniques and skills to do a job should be devoted to the basic library and do it right. Employers can then courses-the core curriculum-includ- justifiably divorce clerical from pro- ing book selection and order work, cata- fessional library work and provide it with loging, reference and general adminis- the remuneration which it deserves." tration. Although the library position for "On the completion of the first sem- which this student preparation is to be made is in a business library, many terest of his library. It was pointed out librarians would accept such training, that one so trained would probably substituting for a major in economics, command a higher-than-normal begin- one in chemistry, art, social science or ning salary and would, doubtless, ad- geography, according to the main in- vance faster.

RECRUITMENT AND THE LIBRARY SCHOOL By HAZEL ADELE PULLING Associate Professor, Graduate School of Library Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California ONTRARY to the frequently ex- library schools in the United States and pressed opinion that the library Canada. The information thus obtained C school of necessity skirts only the formed the basis for part of a panel periphery of the recruitment problem, discussion of the problems of recruit- the activities of a proselytizing nature ment for librarianship at a meeting of that stem directly from this source are the Illinois Chapter of Special Libraries many and varied. Fear of the charge Association on March 31, 1948. This of unbecoming soliciting has, in many paper has been prepared with the quarters, long since gone by the board. thought that fuller analysis of the re- Many of our library schools are now ports may be of interest to larger sec- engaged in, or have far-reaching plans tions of the profession and may suggest for, active recruitment campaigns, even ways and means for elaboration of pres- in places where lip-service is still ren- ent plans. dered the dictum set forth by Munthe Library schools are engaged in three in 1939 that "there is perhaps a funda- types of recruitment activity. They act mental error in having the library as centers through which information schools do the recruiting for libraries. relative to librarianship as a career is It should be the other way round"'. The disseminated; they engage in direct library school is sharing, along with the stimulation of interest in the profession; library, the responsibility for the work. and they are making their curricular Confinement of effort to surreptitious, offerings more attractive, more adapted behind-the-scenes sponsoring of recruit- to present-day educational demands, ment activities directed from outside and more available to young people the library school has given way to al- who seek entrance into the profession most complete recognition of the extra- Although the list of specific accom- curricular part that the library school plishments under each category is not can and should play in increasing the long, it is extensive enougk to indieate annual flow of trained librarians into a general willingness to act and a gro- the mainstream of professional librari- ping for methods of further promotion- anship. of such work. General outlines and some of the de- As centers of information about li- tails of library school participation in brarianship, library schools recruit for current recruitment programs were pro- the profession in various ways. They vided by thirty-three of the thirty-seven have attempted to meet the need for printed, distributive pamphlets, folders, 1Wilhelm Munthe, American Librarianship From a European Angle. (Chicago: American broadsides and posters that carry perti- Library Association, 1939), p. 137. nent facts about the nature of library 3 14 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November work, personal and educational qualifi- thought-provoking. The Simmons Col- cations needed for it, and opportunities lege School of Library Science has is- for placement and advancement within sued a two-page pamphlet, Reading it. Working as single units, or in col- Consultant -The Librarian in Adult laboration, library schools have, from Education, which points out interesting time to time, furnished materials which aspects of this type of work and out- they have distributed so widely as to lines the background requisite for the include prospective recruits on a region- initiate. al basis. For the most part, distribution Supplementing these recruitment ma- of materials has been of a local nature, terials are newspaper and magazine ar- and mailing lists have included only ticles and the bulletins and catalogs of near-graduates of non-professional cur- the schools. Especially noteworthy as a ricula of colleges and universities, local recruiting device is the publication in lo- high schools, Veterans' Administration cal newspapers of photographs of library Centers and individuals who request school graduates who have achieved specific information. enviable positions, with brief biographies RECRUITMENT LITERATURE and job descriptions accompanying Examples of recruitment materials each photograph. Recent magazine ar- now in use may be cited. A striking ticles include "Wanted-18,000 Libra- blue broadside captioned Librarianship rians" by Virginia Lacy Jones and "Li- is Full of Fresh Variety, was recently brarianship at Marywood College" by issued by the School of Library Science the Director of Marywood College of Atlanta University. This readable School of Librarianship. Despite the announcement lists the opportunities latter article's appearance in a profes- and advantages that await the prospec- sional, rather than a public journal, in- tive librarian and suggests the contri- quiries were received by the school butions to a peaceful world that may be mentioned in the article. made by the thoughtful person through General publications of the college or a career in librarianship. The School of university of which the library school is Library Science of Drexel Institute of a part are used as means of promoting Technology has contributed Why Libra- librarianship. Alumni bulletins that have rianship Appeals to the College Grad- carried articles on the profession by li- uate. This is an illustrated poster that brary school faculty members include notes briefly the nature of the various those of Louisiana State University and types of library work and then, with the University of Southern California. practicality and realism, appeals to the Several schools report the regular or career-seeker through lines quoted from occasional insertion of brief articles on position-offering letters. The University librarianship as a career in campus news of Illinois Library School issued last sheets. year a compact, four-page folder called As effective pieces of recruitment ma- Career Opportunities in School Librari- terial, library school bulletins and cata- ansflip. It presents this field as an ex- logs have taken a decided up-swing. panding one, one that gives an oppor- Efforts are being made to make such tunity for creative work, and one that publications attractive and to include is personally satisfying. The Library in them information that is frankly re- School of the New Jersey College for cruiting in nature. Women produced in 1947 a pamphlet Library school production of printed giving a preview of what life would be materials by no means covers profes- like if "you" were a librarian. Its folder, sional needs for this type of recruit- College Graduates are Needed in Li- ment media. Most library schools dis- brary Service, is stimulating and tribute similar publications issued by 19481 RECRUITMENT AND THE LIBRARY SCHOOL 315 other agencies. Special Libraries Asso- ship. Some schools report marked SUC- ciation's pamphlet on special librarian- cess from such activities, as evidenced ship and the American Library Asso- by the number of later inquiries from ciation's booklet, Books and People, its interested persons. It is reported, how- folder, 10,000 Careers, and its bibliogra- ever, that students are generally un- phy on librarianship are the publica- aware of the existence of librarianship tions most frequently used by library as a profession and hence do not always schools. Many schools mentioned also elect the subject for discussion at such the Louisiana Library Association's re- meetings. Many library schools report cent pamphlet, Be a Librarian, and Li- that preliminary and far-reaching dis- brarianship, the pub1 i c a t i o n of the semination of information at lower edu- Alumni Association of the University of cational levels seems to be mandatory Southern California's Graduate School if high school and college groups are of Library Science. adequately to be reached by the forum method. Suggestions were made by sev- OTHER METHODS OF RECRUITING eral reporting schools that such groups Radio broadcasting has, to some ex- as Parent Teachers Associations and tent, supplemented publication of print- the Association of University Women ed materials. Four schools report the be included in recruitment activity pro- use of local radio facilities for recruit- grams. ment programs of their own. Others re- Besides faculty participation in re- port participation in programs insti- cruitment activity, library schools gen- tuted by outside agencies. In some cases erally provide speakers on the subject the schools have furnished the scripts. from their alumni and students. Active work of library schools with Through implication and suggestions vocational guidance associations and such persons are able to carry the re- youth counselors in educational and so- cruitment message effectively. Talks to cial organizations is fairly wide-spread. high school and college groups, to stu- The provision of advisory services to dent library assistants, and to fraternal these groups is generally recognized as organizations are arranged. Students not only an effective but also a neces- and alumni are urged by their library sary means of recruitment. Participa- schools to recruit individuals through tion in conferences planned by voca- casual relationships. tional guidance officers and the distri- Library school alumni associations bution of their printed materials are form another media whose recruitment generally undertaken by library schools. activities are, in part, directed by li- Many faculty members are active mem- brary schools. Some schools indicate bers of vocational associations. Voca- that this form of recruitment has been tional guidance centers emphasize their the chief source of their enrollees. As- need for additional printed materials on sistance in planning alumni recruitment librarianship if the latter is to have programs and faculty participation in equal advantage with other professions them are reported by most library through their services. They call upon schools. library school faculties for this promo- Direct stimulation of interest in the tional literature. profession is further provided through Representation of library schools at the widely used medium of personal college and high school vocational for- letters to juniors and to graduating ums and the sponsorship of such forums seniors. Although some schools prefer by the library schools are considered by the less obtrusive method of sending most faculties to afford ideal opportuni- the letters signed by the institution ties for the presentation of librarian- librarian, other faculties openly take 3 16 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November responsibility for this form of recruit- The current concentration of atten- ment. tion of library school faculties on cur- Bulletin boards, stocked and main- riculum revision has been occasioned in tained by the library school and stra- part by the shortage of library person- tegically placed, are among the means nel. It is believed by those who have used in recruitment. Postings include instituted changes that additional re- articles on librarianship as a career, li- cruits will be gained by the profession. brary education, examples of class work, Short summer courses, workshops and and student and faculty publications. institutes tend in the same direction. Sponsorship of library fraternal so- The increasing availability of scholar- cieties for undergraduate students has ships is evidence of the interest of li- proven to be an effective means of re- brary schools in recruitment. cruitment in the two schools reporting In summary it must be noted that this activity. The relationship of the though the range of recruitment activity sponsor to group members is particular- on the part of library schools may be ly conducive to stimulation of interest wide, sole responsibility on their part is in the profession. When library school by no means assumed. Library school students fraternize in this manner with faculties simply recognize that there is non-professional students, the transfer a job to be done and that their efforts, of interest is even greater. too, are needed.

EDUCATION FOR SPECIAL LIBRARIANSHIP By WALTER A. SOUTHERN Librarian, Commercial Research Division, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.

N the fall of 1947, when the thirty- Public Library, the New York State four accredited library schools in University, and the University of Wis- I the United States began classes, consin, their administrators alert to the twenty-two of the schools were offering growing interest in special librarianship, fifty-three courses specifically or very attended lectures by special librarians, closely related to the field of special made visits to a number of special li- librarianship. The library schools of the braries, and were allowed to do field country had come a long way since the work in special libraries. The Univer- first formal course in special librarian- sity of Illinois Library School felt the ship was offered by the Riverside, Cali- need for special courses for training fornia, Library Service School in 1919, business librarians, and while it did not but even with this apparent progress offer any such courses, it ditl allow sec- those persons interested in education ond-year library school students to take for special librarianship were not en- business courses in lieu of library school tirely satisfied. courses. EARLY SPECIAL LIBRARY COURSES In the early 1920's additional courses The first special libraries course, four on special librarianship were slowly weeks in length, given by the Riverside added to other library schools. In 1921 Library Service School, was entitled the University of California School of "The Business Library" and emphasized Librarianship added a course on special the application of library methods to libraries; Simmons College School of business libraries. Previous to 1919 the Library Science gave a ten-week course, library training classes of the New York "Special Libraries", which consisted of 19483 EDUCATION FOR SPECIAL LIBRARIANSHIP 317 lectures by special librarians in the and Bibliography", and "Special Library Boston area; and the New York Public Administration". Some schools have Library offered "Business Library stressed certain aspects of special libra- Methods", a series of twenty-four lec- rianship. The University of Minnesota, tures by special librarians in New York. Division of Library Instruction, offers The Washington, D. C., School for Sec- several courses on hospital and medical retaries in the same year created a new library administration, and the Univer- department, the School for Business Li- sity of Washington, School of Librarian- brarians. The Boston Chapter of the ship, gives courses in law library admin- Special Libraries Association in 1923 istration. sponsored a special cataloging methods Education for special librarianship course which later served as a pattern has been a lively topic for discussion in for other SLA Chapters in conducting library literature since the early 1900's, similar courses for local librarians in- mainly because of the many points of terested in gaining additional knowl- view on the topic. Authors have gen- edge of special library techniques. erally taken one of the following sides: By 1925 the New York State Library those who believe that subject special- School had added a course on special ization is more important than library library techniques with lectures by spe- training, those who believe that library cial librarians, and the Pratt Institute training is more important than sub- Library School also included lectures ject specialization, and those who be- on special libraries in its curriculum. lieve that library school curricula should The American Correspondence School be modified to meet the needs of spe- of Librarianship offered a course, "Spe- cial librarianship, or those who believe cial Library Organization", in 1926, and that a combination program of library in the same year the Columbia Uni- school instruction along with subject versity School of Library Service gave specialization is the best method. It is a one-semester two-credit course on spe- the aim of this paper to consider some cial library methods, which was taught of the more important proposals that by Miss Linda Morley. Columbia Uni- have been made over the years for the versity at that time took the lead in of- training of special librarians. fering courses for special librarianship, Early interest in training for special and today it includes such courses in its librarianship centered about the busi- curriculum as "Music Library Admin- ness library. Boston University, in 1917, istration", "Medical Library Adminis- made plans to give courses in general tration", "Law Library Administration" reference cataloging classification and and "Special Library Service". Most government publications in the Grad- library schools today offer one course uate Business School for prospective on special library methods in which business librarians. The plan was not outstanding types of special libraries carried out, however. In this same year, are studied along with their special Miss E. M. Johnson, of the University problems. Such a course, "Special Li- of Illinois. also felt that the school of brary Collections", is given by the Uni- business of a university was the logical versity of Michigan's Department of place for the training of business libra- Library Science. A few library schools, rians and that it should offer courses in such as the Drexel Institute of Tech- reference sources, in methods of index- nology, School of Library Science, of- ing and classifying information and in fer additional courses. The latter insti- methods of research.' The ~lanfor tution gives four special courses: "Spe- graduate schools to offer courses in spe- cial Library Sources", "Special Library cial librarianship was to be advanced Methods", "Special Library Methods again in 1937 by Mr. Jesse H. Shera. 318 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November

In 1921, Miss J. R. Donnelly, Direc- sarily needs to be adapted to the spe- tor of the Simmons College School of cial librarian's work."l The ideal pro- Library Science, proposed the first ma- gram listed the following courses: Re- jor change in the curriculum for special search, Publicity, Acquisition Methods, librarianship. She recommended that Special Library Administration, Special all students take the same core courses Bibliographies, Business Appliances, In- in library science, during the first two dexing, Filing, Applied Psychology, Sta- quarters of the year, allowing during tistics, Publicity, and Typing. The Com- the third quarter for "differentiation mittee believed its program was more according to (individual) wishes . . . ideal than practical. They concluded, He (the student) should study more "We feel that, essentially, the training intensely the literature of his subject, for a general librarian may be used ad- and the reference books and sources of mirably by a special librarian, and that special information, and work out real if a course added to those given to gen- problems in obtaining informati~n."~eral librarians be offered to special libra- These proposals were not put into effect. rians, one stressing the different points Dr. Charles C. Williamson in his re- of view and adding the features which port of 1923 saw the need in second- are distinctive to special libraries, would year classes for "courses in all of the be helpf~l."~ principal special fields of library ser- The Committee in 1927 reaffirmed vice", and to an extent this was the its faith in the 1926 report with a few pattern most library schools offering minor variations, and, at the same time, specialized courses f~llowed.~After the offered a concrete alternative, the course release of the report, however, the li- in special library work, as offered in brary schools were too concerned with 1926-27 by the Columbia University their basic curricula to give much School of Library Service. The 1927 thought to courses for special librarians. report also recommended that persons SLA COMMITTEE FOR TRAINING preparing for special librarianship "ar- Meanwhile, special librarians became range . . . courses for the first three more and more impatient at the general years of college to include courses best failure of library schools to prepare suited to their needs . . . In addition, a students for the field of special librari- specialty like chemistry, engineering, or anship. In 1926 a Committee for Train- finance, should be followed throughout ing was formed in SLA to make sug- the three years."" gestions for an "ideal program" for the Again, in 1928, the Committee ap- training of special librarians. The in- proved the 1926 report and in one last troduction to the Committee's report effort to get the ideal program into stated, "It was voted by the member- operation suggested that students ap- ship that a report containing our ideas plying for admission to library schools be presented to Dr. Williamson, Direc- request the courses suggested by SLA, tor of the School of Library Service of hoping that such requests would force Columbia University, as an aid to him library schools into adopting their pro- in the establishment of future courses gram. The report continued by stating, of that school . . . Ideally a course for "No departure in training, such as this special librarians should be separate Committee is proposing, can be secured and distinct from the course given for unless our entire membership works for general librarians. It should be specially its accomplishment."^ Special librarians, planned for special librarians, and it however, were unable to agree with the should be elected by those persons who proposed program and so, quite fortu- expect to pursue their profession in nately, the program was never adopted special libraries. The instruction neces- by any school. 19481 EDUCATION FOR SPECIAL LIBRARIANSHIP 3 19

Additional general courses in special onstrated and some assurance can be library techniques were added to cur- given that those who will take it will ricula of other library schools during have a chance at permanent employ- the next few years, but special libra- ment under favorable conditions at a rians continued to voice dissatisfaction good salary."1° by proposing all types of courses and JOINT CONFERENCE ON TRAINING FOR programs for training special librarians. SPECIAL LIBRARIANSHIP Mr. James I. Wyer sized up the situ- The Special Libraries Association, the ation very well in 1932: "The librarian American Library Association, the of each type (of special library) thinks American Association of Library that training for his type of work should Schools, the Music Library Association, be different from the training for every and the Hospital Library Committee other type . . . And more significant held a joint conference in 1937 on still is the fact that the membership of training for special librarianship. The this (Special Libraries) Association is A.L.A. report on the conference said, thickly sprinkled with names of suc- "The surprising and gratifying thing . . . cessful workers in the special library was the almost complete agreement field whose training was received at a among the four groups as to the basic general library school, with not the courses of training for librarianship in slightest twist toward or attention to their respective fields. Even more sur- special types of libraries. Does this not prising was the fact that the representa- suggest that special librarians do not tives nearly all agree that the first-year fully or freely recognize the extent and library school curriculum, with slight importance of that body of instruction modifications, would generally meet the which is common and essential to all need in special fields."ll In addition, types of library work? . . . The experi- the A.L.A. proposed that experiments ence of all library schools, and espe- in training for special librarianship be cially those that give a two year course, carried on in a few library schools, and has been that graduates, trained to gen- also recommended that interneships eral library work with very little of the should supplement general library train- instruction adapted to college, school, ing as preparation for special librarian- special or other types of libraries, have ship. yet gone out and done notable work in The SLA in its report on the confer- all types . . . The instruction offered by ence stated that the basic curriculum library schools to such students must was satisfactory, though it felt a need be fundamental and comparative, and for stronger reference, bibliography and should stress principles (rather than government documents courses, that li- practices or techniques) so clearly that brary administration courses could be mature students can apply or adapt discarded advantageously; and that them to varying kinds of libraries."S book-selection courses should be incor- The progress of education for special porated into reference courses.12 librarianship, which, he concluded, is a Shortly after the publication of the slow but steady and well-considered reports Mr. Shera, who had served as progress" also reflected the opinion of a representative on the SLA group, Mr. Frank K. Walter, who in 1919 wrote that a person graduating from a stated, "At the same time, specialization standard library school and placed in a can easily be overdone. It is method, special library after graduation must rather than subject matter, that is "hammer out his techniques to meet his taught in any good library training class individual problems as best he can."18 or school . . . The special course will He urged, as a solution, that courses in come as soon as a definite need is dem- librarianship be given in the various 320 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November professional schools so that a person Library Science, announced Simmons' wishing to become an engineering libra- new program for special librarianship. rian, for example, would take the usual The prerequisites for enrollment in the four-year engineering course, and in his course were a major in a subject field fifth year, take courses in library science and a strong background in foreign offered by the engineering school along languages. Courses in the program were: with other graduate courses in engineer- Organization and Administration of ing. Such a proposal, Mr. Shera sug- Special Libraries (6 credits), Bibliogra- gested, would result in a triumph over phy and Reference (4 credits), Index- "Library school directors (who) must ing and Abstracting (2 credits), and awaken to the facts-(and who) can electives (4 credits). While publicized no longer evade the issue by beating a as a new program of training for special hasty retreat into the once-secure fort- librarianship, the program was essen- ress of their stony citadel, the basic tially the same as that for general libra- curric~lum."~~His proposal fell on deaf rians with the addition of the special ears since the A.L.A.-SLA committee libraries course and minor variations in report had concluded that the basic basic courses. The program was to be library school curriculum was fairly commended, however, for here was an satisfactory. attempt to correlate the entire library DIFFERING APPROACHES curriculum with special library needs. Miss Ethel Fair, Director of the Li- Another approach to the matter of brary School, New Jersey College for training was that of the University of Women, typified the conservative view Denver School of Librarianship in 1938, of many library school administrators where students interested in special li- concerning special courses of training brarianship took the regular library for special Iibrarianship, saying that courses, "with courses being adapted to "Library school work cannot be put fit specialized interests and where term into capsules so that one can take the papers and bibliographic projects were capsule for engineering libraries, for related to the same interests."lga historical libraries, or for hospital libra- The year 1939 was another year of ries. The whole of knowledge is too in- great activity. Miss Morley, in one of tricately related. Furthermore, special- her articles, wrote, "It is obvious that a ization in one field will not fit for an- satisfactory curriculum cannot be other field--e.g., chemical service will planned unless there is a sufficiently de- not fit the librarian for historical ser- tailed and definitive statement of all vice . . . There must be a bridging from work elements of the occupation. This one of these fields by means of a gen- can be obtained by job analysis . . . The eral course in the world of organized surface diversity among special libra- print."l5 ries has, in a large measure, obscured Miss Linda Morley, who has written the common principles and philosophy extensively on education for special li- that are fundamental to this type of li- brarianship, believes much remains to brary service and which differentiates it be done, but before progress can be from other forms of library work. This made, it is necessary to "analyze the philosophy has been sensed, but not activities and problems (involved in formulated, by members of our Associa- the work of special libraries) . . . and tion."17 then determine what skills or tech- The Committee on Curriculum Re- niques are necessary to carry on the vision of the American Association of activities."18 Library Schools in 1939 reported on a In 1938, Mr. Herman H. Henkle, Di- survey of special librarians on the topic, rector of Simmons College School of "Common Denominators in Education 19481 EDUCATION FOR SPECIAL LIBRARIANSHIP 32 1 for Special Librarians." The results were remain dominant, other elements being disappointing in that only fifty percent merely a fringe. As strong needs are of the persons questioned replied, but evinced for special courses, library the study was a start in the right direc- schools will provide them, but only tion in that it attempted to determine thenYZ0 the basic educational needs of all spe- The American Association of Library cial librarians.18 Schools, in 1945, made a survey31 Mrs. E. R. Cunningham, in 1940, among special librarians on basic wrote a very provocative article on courses needed in education for special training, which was a thoughtful analysis librarianship. The results were once of the present means of educating for again disappointing because of the small special librarianship and suggested a number of persons responding, but the realistic solution to the problem.lg She following subjects were agreed upon as outlined the difficulties of library being necessary: cataloging, reference, schools in modifying their programs to indexing, and bibliographic tools and fit the needs of special librarians: the methods. The survey showed further limited time available for special courses, that subject specialization, knowledge the expense of offering such courses, of several foreign languages, and a and the difficulty of placing persons myriad of office routines, such as letter- trained for extremely specialized posi- writing, routing, acknowledgment of gifts tions. Mrs. Cunningham's proposed pro- and touch-typewriting, as well as ab- gram would include the basic library stracting, reference work and budgeting, science courses and special courses in were all to be given consideration in the the fields of natural and applied sci- training program for special librarian- ences, social sciences, fine arts or applied ship. The survey results were somewhat economics. She stated that "if training reminiscent of the SLA program, which were designed to cover broad subject was much too inclusive to be practical. fields, preparation would be given for Mrs. J. W. Hunt, Science Librarian several specialties in closely allied fields of the University of Chicago, in describ- . . . With the broader subject divisions, ing the ideal science librarian, went however, it would be less difficult for in- even beyond the A.A.L.S. report: The structors to handle the courses, and science librarian has "need for an ad- specialists not on the regular teaching vanced degree in physical or biological staff might be found locally to give the sciences. One must also know four or time necessary to conduct seminar five languages and must be able to groups in the more special fields." transliterate Russian. Teaching on the Mr. Ernest J. Reece, in his 1943 college or university level is desirable. report, expressed the idea that "there One needs, in addition, years of experi- also may be positive merits in setting ence in at least two libraries serving- a up courses adapted to particular groups large research personnel, including work of libraries and duties". He went on to in both preparations and service depart- say: "librarianship is still not differen- ments. only with such qualifications can tiated and specialized . . . preparation the science librarian interpret the ma- never ought to be partitioned to such a terials for scholarly use."22 Here again degree. If the librarian is to be roundly suggestions offered were more idealistic equipped, it would seem that the im- than realistic. portant things are not the adaptations GRADUATE LIBRARY SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY and the other specifics, but the central OF CHICAGO, OFFERS NEW PROGRAM and universal acquirements which he At the Tenth Annual Institute of the might hope to use wherever he is . . . Graduate Library School of the Uni- The general subjects, therefore, should versity of Chicago, Mr. Lowell Martin 322 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November

delivered a paper, "Toward a More gram which would allow more freedom Qualified Postwar Personnel", in which to specialize in certain subject fields. he discussed the possibilities of training One of the required courses in the for special librarianship and also hinted new program at the Graduate Library at the new program being prepared by School is the six-quarter course, "In- the School. The alternatives in training terpretation, Evaluation and Use of for special librarianship, Mr. Martin Library Materials", which is "designed noted, were: 1. to continue to train gen- to provide prospective librarians with eral librarians, who will then do graduate the competence to evaluate and to in- work in specialized fields; 2. to recruit terpret books of different kinds, with subject specialists and train them in particular reference to the basic prob- library methods either on the job or in lems of creation, organization, and use library schools; and 3. 'Yo enroll stu- by readers." The program also covers dents in library schools at an earlier criteria of evaluation and methods of level-after the second year of college, interpretation of materials in the social for example-and to put them through sciences (or natural sciences or human- a combined professional and subject ities) with particular attention to the program over a period of years . . . This needs of different kinds of readers, de- arrangement permits a selection from velopment of knowledge in various sub- total university offerings that corre- ject areas, sources of information con- sponds to both the inclinations of in- cerning special subjects or topics in the dividual students and the requirements field, and reference and advisory ser- of library positions and opens the pos- vice in the fieldTZ4In addition to this sibility for integrating library skills broad series of courses in which the with content by means of scheduling theoretical aspects of librarianship will courses from the two sources through- be studied, the Graduate Library School out the several year period and by proposes a course on special library means of new courses in the bibliogra- techniques which will afford the oppor- phy of the subject field!'23 tunity of practice-training in special li- In 1945, Mr. Martin's proposal for braries of the Chicago area for persons combining the library program with interested in special librarianship. subject specialization must have seemed beyond the reach of most people inter- The new program at the Graduate ested in the proposal because of the Library School, however, has not taken rigid one-year curriculum with which full account of the needs of training for most library schools were operating. In special librarianship, but with the pros- 1947, however, the Graduate Library pect of similar programs in other library School offered a new three year com- schools it is now up to special librarians bined program, as he suggested. Here, to give direction to the new plan by at last, was the best basic plan yet pro- offering concrete recommendations for posed for the training of special libra- training needs for special librarianship. rians. Even more encouraging than the The new combined three-year cur- new Chicago plan, however, was the riculum of the Graduate Library School fact that nearly all library schools offers the prospect of the most desirable throughout the United States were plan- plan for education for special librarian- ning changes in their curricula to fit ship yet proposed, and with library present day needs. The University of schools everywhere overhauling their Illinois Library School was planning a curricula so that "no library school in similar three-year combined program, the country is likely to remain unaffect- and the University of Denver had al- ed or unchanged by the present revolu- ready inaugurated a new two-year pro- tion7',25 it is proposed that: 19481 EDUCATION FOR SPECIAL LIBRARIANSHIP 323

1. The A.L.A. Board of Librarianship and the wishing to become a medical librarian Special Libraries Association, in close co- would know upon beginning his three- operation with the American Association of year combined program which languages, Library Schools, sponsor a joint committee which subject courses and which general to make a thorough study of educational and special library courses to take in training needs of special librarians in con- order to be well equipped for his future trast to educational training needs of gen- job in a medical library. eral librarians. The A.L.A. Board of Libra- It is hoped that library schools will rianship because of its strong influence upon take an active interest in the study and library curricula in the past should play an will be anxious to put into operation integral part in the study. One of the main objects of the study as many of its recommendations as pos- should be to conduct a thorough and scien- sible. It is further hoped that one school tific job analysis of all professional posi- with the new three-year combined pro- tions in special libraries throughout the gram, such as the Graduate Library United States. Recommendations could be made without such a study, but only with School, would sponsor an experimental a scientific job analysis is it possible to program as proposed by the committee. make reliable ones. The committee and library school ad- With the results of the job analysis sur- ministration would work hand in hand vey tabulated the committee should de- in putting the program into effect, in termine: studying its effectiveness, and in making a. Which courses in the present library school curriculum are basic in the train- continual recommendations for its im- ing of both general and special librarians. provement. The program should serve If basic courses can be modified to bet- as a model for other librarv schools ter serve the needs of both groups spe- wishing to change to the three-year pro- cific recommendations should be made. If the results show that the introduction gram or to add similar courses in special of entirely new. courses, such as the librarianship, as offered by the experi- Graduate Library School course, "Inter- mental program. pretation, Evaluation and Use of Library The A.L.A.-SLA committee should be Materials", would better serve the needs of special librarians as well as general given permanent status, such as the librarians, such recommendations should A.L.A. Board of Librarianship now has, be made. so that the program of education for h. Which additional professional courses special librarianship could have con- are necessary for the training of special tinuity and could be refined and de- librarians. If the job survey reveals it to be practical, the additional special li- veloped gradually. braries courses should be planned to It is to be hoped that in the present cover broad areas as the natural sciences, revolution in the field of library edu- social sciences, technology, etc. as Mrs. cation, the needs of training for special Cunningham proposed in her study re- librarianship will not be overlooked. ferred to previously. Broad courses of this sort would make SELECTED REFERENCES it more practical for library schools to 1 E. M. Johnson, "Training of a Business Li- offer the courses covering the major brarian," SPECIALLIBRARIES, VIII, May fields of special librarianship rather than 1917, p.145. countless specific courses slanted at hos- J. R. Donnelly, "Library Training for the pital, medical, law, engineering, chem- Special Librarian," SPECIAL LIBRARIES, ical, bank, newspaper, and museum li- XII, Sept.-Oct. 1921, p.187. braries, to mention only a few of the " Charles C. Williamson, Training for Library types now in existence. Service: A Report Prepared for the Car- Courses such as this would also enable negie Corporation of New York, New those persons taking them to have more York, 1923. freedom in selecting jobs after gradu- "ebecca Rankin, "Training for the Special ation, rather than specializing in a limit- Librarian," SPECIAL LIBRARIES, XVII, ed field, and then being unable to locate Nov. 1926, p.330. a job after graduation. 5 Ibid., p.330. c. Programs for the major types of special 6 "Training for Special Librarians," SPECIAL librarians so that, for instance, a peraon LIBRARIES,XVIII, Sept. 1927, p.227. 324 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November

7 Rebecca Rankin, "Training," SPECIAL LI- Standards," Special Libraries Association, BRARIES, XIX, July-Aug., 1928, p.201. Proceedings, 11, 1939, p.8. 9 James I. Wyer, "The Training of Special laEthel M. Fair, "Professional Training for Librarians, "SPECIAL LIBRARIES,XXIII, Special Librarians: Report of Papers of Sept. 1932, p.342. the Committee of Curriculum Revision, 10 Frank K. Walter, "Business Departments in Association of American Library Schools," Public Libraries," SPECIALLIBRARIES, X, Special Libraries Association, Proceedings, Jan.-Feb. 1919, p.4. 11, 1939, p.5-7. 11 C.H. Compton, "Significant Conferences on '9 E. R. Cunningham, "Library Undergraduate Library Training," A.L.A. Bulletin, XXXI, Cumculum," SPECIAL LIBRARIES,XXX, Aug. 1937, p.470. Jan. 1940, p.15-18. 12 M. G. Smith, "Informal Note on the A.L.A.- 2oErnest J. Reece, Programs for Library S.L.A. Committee Meeting on Training," Schools, Columbia University Press, New SPECIALLIBRARIES, XXVIII, Oct. 1937, York, 1943, p.61. p.297. 21 "What Courses for Special Librarians," SPE- 18 Jesse H. Shera, "Training for 'Specials': CIAL LIBRARIES, XXXVI, Dec. 1945, the Status of the Library Schools," SPE- p.481. CIAL LIBRARIES, XXVIII, Nov. 1937, J. W. Hunt, "Science Librarianship," Sci- p.320. " ence, CIV, Aug. 1946, p.172. 14 Jesse H. Shera, "Training for 'Specials': a Prologue to Revision," SPECIALLIBRARIES, 2a Lowell Martin, "Toward a Qualified Post- XXVIII, May-June 1937, p.144. war Library Personnel," in Lowell Martin's 15Ethel M. Fair, "Behind the Tools of In- (ed. ) , Personnel Administration in Libra- dustry," SPECIALLIBRARIES, XXVIII, Feb. ries, Papers Presented Before the Library 1937, p.41. Institute at the University of Chicago, August 273September 1, 1945 (Chicago: 16 Linda H. Morley, "Problems Involved in Considering Adequate Library School University of Chicago Press, 1946), 148- Courses for Special Librarians," SPECIAL 160. LIBRARIES,XXIX, May-June 1938, p.142. 24 "The Graduate ~ibrar~'School: Sessions of l6a Hamet B. Howe, "What Training for the 1947-1948," University of Chicago, An- Special Librarian?" SPECIALLIBRARIES, nouncements, XLVII, Sept. 15, 1947, p.13. XXIX, Sept. 1938, p.215. 25 Robert B. Downs, "Conference on Library 17Linda H. Morley, "What a Job Analysis Education," University of Illinois Library, Would do for Professional Training and Staff Bulletin, V, Nov. 1947, p.1.

CONVENTION - 1949

ILL you be a '49er in June? A gion and the Southern California Chap- hundred years too late to gar- ters are meeting together in October to W ner gold from California's discuss, amplify and implement plans mountains but not too late to gain un- already tentatively projected by your told wealth in recreation and profes- Convention Committee. Miss Katharine sional stimulation at Special Libraries Laich, Administrative Offices, Los An- Association's 1949 Convention! Los An- geles Public Library, is Reservation geles, the place; June 12 to 18, the Chairman and even now she has accept- time. Come and re-live those old his- ed several applications for rooms at toric days while you enjoy the ameni- hotels including the Biltmore Hotel, ties of modern California, the profes- Headquarters for the Convention. sional round table, and your fellow Make your plans now to join the librarians. westward trek in June 1949. It's CON- VENTION TIME in CALIFORNIA! California Chapters of Special Libra- ries Association are deep in plans for HAZELPULLING, Convention Chairman your welcome and your week's sojourn Graduate School of Library Science among us. The San Francisco Bay Re- University of Southern California EVENTS AND PUBLICATIONS

AN APPRECIATION

IFE is a constant change, but we position he held for forty years, except should always remember that for a three year period, 1905-1908, L out of the past, the present has when he served as librarian of the Uni- come. This is true of the Special Libra- versity of Puerto Rico. ries Association today, and to those For many years Mr. Handy delivered early pioneers in its work fitting tribute educational lectures on insurance at the should be paid. We do so at this time School of Business Administration of to Daniel N. Handy, who has recently Boston University as well as special passed on and who will ever be held in courses for those in the insurance busi- grateful remembrance for his contribu- ness. The lectures given the first year, tions. Rich indeed they were, as shown 1912, were later published as a text in his work of forty years as Librarian book. of The Insurance Library Association Mr. Handy attended the first annual of Boston. Equally noteworthy were his meeting of Special Libraries Associa- contributions to the work of SLA, both tion in New York City in 1909 and was nationally and locally, and from which its president in 1912-1914 and again in have come so much of its strength and 1923-1925. He was a charter member success. Twice made president of the of the Boston Chapter and one of its national Association in its early years, early presidents. Mr. Handy served on he was recalled to that office ten years many national and local SLA Commit- later for another two-year term, when tees, among which were the Directory his calm judgment, his wise counsel and Committee and the Committee for the his constructive planning were particu- Revision of the Constitution (both na- larly needed. tional). He was the author of The Cre- "Every noble life leaves the fiber of ation and Development of an Insurance it interwoven forever in the work of the Library, published in 1932, and The world". These words can appropriately First Sixty Years; the Story of the In- be said of this well-loved and highly re- surance Library Association of Boston, garded member, a sincere and loyal published in 1947. friend. A native of Prospect Harbor, Maine, Mr. Handy was a Fellow and one of Mr. Handy attended Ohio Wesleyan the organizers of the Insurance Insti- University and Boston University, grad- tute of America; its secretary-treasurer, uating in 1900. After a brief newspaper 1909-1911; chairman, 19 12-19 14; and a career with the Boston Transcript and member of its Educational Committee the Boston Post, he was appointed libra- from 1930 until his retirement as libra- rian of the Insurance Library Associa- rian of the Insurance Library Associa- tion of Boston, one of the greatest in- tion of America on March 1, 1945. surance libraries in the country. This M. de J.C.-

-. EVENTS and PUBLICATIONS Anyone interested in learning how to read The Bullefin of the Medical Library Asso- chemical Russian will find CHEMICALRUSSIAN, ciation for October 1948 contains an article by SELFTAUGHT, by James W. Perry of M.I.T. James F. Ballard on the "Past History of the most helpful. In addition to suggestions for Medical Library Association" and one by study methods, there are sections on the vocab- Eileen Cunningham entitled, "The Association ulary problem, inorganic and organic chemical Faces the Next Fifty Years." In this issue nomenclature and Russian grammar, also a there is also a condensed report of the Asso- glossary of Russian technical terms. (Easton, ciation's 47th Annual Conference, May 28-30, Pa., Journal of Chemistry, 1948, 232p. $3) 1948. 326 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November

NEW YO=: THE WORLD'S CAPITAL CITY, by Cleveland Rodgers and Rebecca Rankin, gives an intimate picture of a great metropolis. It traces its history from the early days as a SEA Membership Gavel Award small trading center to its present status as The basis of the Membership Gavel Award world capital. Mr. Harry M. Lydenberg, is the largest percentage of increase in paid- formerly Director of the New York Public up membership received from each Chapter Library, in his enthusiastic appraisal of the from May 20 to May 20 of each year, inclu- book says it is "a history of the city decidedly sive. In figuring the equivalent of Active different in form from the traditional (one). memberships, one Life membership counts as Here we have sketches of the thousand dif- twenty Active, one Sustaining membership ferent interests and activities of the city, re- counts as five Active, one Institutional mem- lating them to one another, bringing out their bership as three Active, two and one-half As- interrelationships, listing the developments, sociate memberships as one Active, and two showing the present picture." For anyone who and one-half Student memberships as one Ac- wants a vivid insight of how great cities are tive. This result is compared with the simi- born, raised and developed, this book is highly larly-compiled count for the preceding Con- recommended. Its economic aspects make it vention year, and the Chapter showing the very useful to special librarians. (New York, greatest paid-up percentage increase rather N. Y., Harper & Brothers, 1948, 398p. il. $5). than actual increase in number of new mem- Mention of this book was also made on page bers is awarded custody of the Gavel for one 242 of SPECIALLIBRARIES for September 1948. year at the Annual Convention in order to *** give each Chapter an equal opportunity of The latest edition of the MUNICIPALYEAR- winning the Gavel. The winner's name is en- BOOK (1948) carries a list of municipal refer- graved upon the Gavel. National Associate, ence libraries in the United States prepared by as well as Active and Institutional member- Josephine B. Hollingsworth, Municipal Refer- ships, are counted in the contest, but not local ence Library, Los Angeles, California, and Re- Chapter memberships ($1.00 dues), since the becca B. Rankin, of the Municipal Reference latter type does not include national affiliation. Library, New York, N. Y. * * * National SLA Membership Committee Roster Region 1 The June-July-August 1948 issue of Per- Miss Emily C. Coates, Librarian sonnel contains an excellent article by Martha The Travelers Insurance Company E. Schaaf (Eli Lilly and Company, Indian: 700 Main Street apolis, Indiana) entitled, "The Company Li- Hartford, Conn. brary". Mrs. Schaaf also received a write-up Region 2 in the June 1948 issue of the LilZy Review. Miss Ruth M. Tews, Librarian *** Mayo Clinic Is YOUR FUTURE INSURED?, by Rosalie Rochester, Minnesota Armistead Higgins, gives in non-technical lan- Region 3 guage a clear and concise statement of what Miss Mildred Hogan, Librarian the various types of insurance are. There is Department of Commerce & Industry included a dictionary of insurance terms. Baton Rouge 4, Louisiana (New York 6, N. Y., 140 Cedar Street, Albert Region 4 E. Fuller Company, 1948. 72p. $1) Miss Isabella M. Frost, Librarian *** Lansing Library Service In the English Journal of Documentation Safeway Stores, Inc. for March 1948 there appears an artide by P. 0.Box 660 0. W. Pendleton, Librarian of the Chartered Oakland 4, California Insurance Institute, which, except for differ- Region 5 ences in nomenclature, might have been writ- Mrs. Audrey Ide Bull, Librarian ten by an American librarian. It is an excel- Board of Trade lent paper on the policies and functions of an Toronto, Canada insurance library. Chapter Extension *** Miss Mildred Benton, Chief WHO'S WHO IN THE EAST,A Biographical Division of Field Library Service Dictionary of Noteworthy Men and Women Department of Agriculture Library of the Eastern United States, vol. 2, has been Washington 25, D. C. issued in a 1948 edition and contains short Foreign Memberships biographical sketches of 27,000 Easterners of Mr. Francis Thorne achievement or official prominence. (Chicago, Monticello Hotel Ill., A. N. Marquis Co., 1948, 1824p. $15.25) Norfolk, Virginia 19481 ANNOUNCEMENTS 327

Group Memberships Miss Jeanne McHugh, Librarian American Iron and Steel Institute 350 Fifth Avenue New York 1, New York Life Memberships Miss Anita Christofferson, Asst. Librarian Demco Calco Chemical Division, American Cyan- amid Company Bound Brook, New Jersey Runny Paste In addition to these appointments, there A fluid adhesive especially designed for book will be several Members-at-Large working in mending and other libraw uses. areas where there are no chapters, also each Chapter and Group Membership Chairman Does not crack or peel, dilutable in water, un- will be considered as an important member of usuallv strong bond. Free sample on request. the National Committee. MRS. HAZELIZZO, Chairman No. 979 1 qt...... 11.00 6 qts., each . . . .90 New Project of the Science-Technology 14 qts., each . . . .85 Group, Philadelphia Council No. 980 1 gal...... 53.00 The Philadelphia Science-Technology Group has as a new project the preparation for publi- 6 gals., each . . . 2.75 cation of a PB Number, Patent Number and I4 gals., each . . . 4.55 British Industry Report Number Index to the "Bibliography of Scientific and Industrial Re- ports", Volumes 1-10 (1946-1948). The Ex- ecutive Board of the SLA Science-Technology Group has accepted as one of its projects the publication of such a cumulative index to be prepared by the Philadelphia Group with the cooperation of other Science-Technology mem- bers, who may be able to assist. GERMAN-ENGLISH The Philadelphia Group asks that any or- TECHNOLOGlCAL DICTIONARY ganizations in SLA having punch card indexes FOR INDUSTRIES CONSUMING which might be used in compiling correlations between BIOS and CIOS Report Numbers and DYESTUFFS AND TEXTILE PB Report Numbers notify it of the fact. AUXlLlARlES The project has received the approval of the Office of Technical Services, which has Compiled by I. G. Farbenindustrie, A.G., offered the use of any of its indexes and will publicize the availability of this index when Now Available in the U.S. issued. The Socony-Vacuum Research Lab- "This is probably the most important oratories, Paulsboro, N. J. have offered the German-English vocabulary of chem- Group the use of their punch card index to ical interest. to come out of Germany PB Numbers and Patent Numbers from which since the beginning of the war." an IBM tabulation will be made. Austin M. Paterson, in Miss Gretchen D. Little, Chairman of the Chemical and Engineer- SLA Science-Technology Group, has appointed ing News, Ian. 19, 1948. the following as members of the Project Com- mittee: Miss Anne L. Nicholson, Chairman, $12.50 net Pennsylvania Salt Mfg. Co., Box 4388 Chest- nut Hill P.O., Philadelphia 18, Pa.; Miss Circular available on request Eleanor E. Campion, Director, Union Library Catalog, University of Pennsylvania, Phila- delphia 4, Pa.; Mrs. Marie S. Goff, Technical Library, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Inc., Wilmington 98, Del.; and Miss Lura DICTIONARIES, Shorb, Experiment Station Library, Hercules 501 Fifth Ave. New York 17, N. Y. Powder Co., Wilmington 99, Del. Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 328 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November

Municipal Reference Library Staffs lnformation Center at Exposition The Municipal Reference Library which SAVE MAN HOURS serves daily as an information center for city officials, employes and citizens, took charge of . . . . Consult an Index the Information Center at the New York City Golden Anniversary Exposition, held from August 23 to September 19, 1948, at the These Services Index 1 142 Grand Central Palace. This is the second time Periodicals! the Library has participated in a municipal celebration, having performed a similar ser- vice at the New York City Silver Jubilee Ex- THE AGRICULTURALINDEX position in 1923. Monthly-111 periodicals At the present Exposition, the Library had THEART INDEX a small space, in which was set up a model Quarterly-91 periodicals library displaying a typical reference collec- THEEDUCATION INDEX tion, a section of vertical file, magazines and Monthly-157 periodicals new and popular books. The equipment and INDUSTRIALARTS INDEX furniture was loaned by the Library Bureau Monthly-244 periodicals of the Remington Rand Company. The furni- ture was modem blond oak with steel micro- INTERNATIONALINDEX film reader and cabiwt. There were microfilms Bi-monthly-255 periodicals of some of the original 1898 records of the INDEXTO LEGALPERIODICALS Consolidation of Greater New York, which Monthly-142 periodicals were on constant display. The back wall of READERS'GUIDE TO the display was hung with folds of blue velvet PERIODICALLITERATURE against which was a large open book, on Semi-monthly-112 periodicals whose pages ware written: ABRIDGEDREADERS' GUIDETO "Municipal Reference Library-A branch PERIODICALLITERATURE of The New York Public Library specializing Monthly-30 periodicals in municipal government affairs for city of- ficials, employees and citizens". On the side wall, there was a large photomural showing the Central Building of The New York Public Library, interiors of the Municipal Reference Also consult these periodic Library, and views of library activities, with the name of the library standing out in red services letters. A blue carpet made the library more THE BIBLIOGRAPHICINDEX luxuriant. Over the counter in large red let- Quarterly-books and periodicals ters was the word, INFORMATION. Thousands passed the Library's small exhibit CUMULATIVEBOOK INDEX near the front entrance every day. On some Monthly-world list of books in the English language days the attendance exceeded fifty thousand, with the library display being viewed by all. ESSAYAND GENERAL More than three hundred persons a day-occa- LITERATUREINDEX sionally as many as five hundred on busiest Semi-annual-collections of dawtopped to request information about general literature the exhibits and daily events of the Exposition, THE VERTICALFILE SERVICE and about the city and its government Monthly-annotated catalog of pamphlets Some 15,000 copies of a publicity leaflet en- titled Zfs Your Library, describing the New Frequent cumulations--other per- York Public Library system and the Municipal tinent material included Reference Library were distributed. It is cer- tain that many New Yorkers who were un- For sample copies and rates write familiar with librafy service know something about it after a visit to the Golden Anniversary Exposition. The HeWe Wilson Company The Information Center was manned fifteen 950 University Ave. New York 52 hours a day in three six-hour shifts, every day in the week by staff members from the Li- brary. Twenty volunteers generously offered Please Mention Special Librarim When Answering Advertisements 19481 ANNOUNCEMENTS 329 their services for a period of two to four hours or more. The experience broadened the out- look of the reference workers on the staff and made all better acquainted with the city de- SCIENCE partments and their personnel. REBECCAB. RANKIN,Librarian Obituary 6. Bintlpp EPP AT WAR The Boston Chapter reports with regret the death of G. Winthrop Lee, retired librarian By J. G. CROWTHER of the Stone and Webster Engineering Cor- Chairman, Association of British poration and a charter member of both the Science Writers Chapter and of SLA. Mr. Lee had been and associated with the Stone and Webster firm for twenty-nine years prior to his retirement R. WHIDDINGTON in 1929, and since that time was connected Head, Dept. of Physics, with adult education and community center University of Leeds interests in the Boston area, having helped The first detailed account of sci- found the Concord Community Center and ence's contribution to the war effort, the Hale Settlement House in Boston. based on the official archives and iiI, documents assembled by the Scien- p2pu. Br~30risk VP~BU~B tific Advisory Committee to the Announcement has been received of the British Cabinet. Because of the death of Rev. Frederick T. Persons, librarian close and intimate collaboration be- of the Congregational Library, Boston, Mass., tween the American and British since 1924 and retired since June 1947. The forces during World War 11, this Rev. Persons had been a member of the Boston volume is of fundamental interest Chapter of SLA for twenty years. to the American scientist, as well as to the intelligent layman inter- Borothpa M. Brlpnibt ested in science. Announcement has been received with re- Although the use of science as an gret of the death of Miss Dorothea C. Schmidt, aid to war is a perversion from its of the Washington, D. C. Chapter. Miss proper purposes, we may fmd re- Schmidt, former head librarian of the Brook- assurance in recognizing that much ings Institute, had been a charter member of of the discovery and invention the Washington Chapter. which came to hand in response to the recent war demands will find @U~PiD~otn~t~ immediate and beneficent uses in Notice has been received from the Cincin- peace. nati Chapter of the death of Miss Hope Among the basic topics dealt Thomas (Mrs. Robert Amour), a librarian with in this book are: Radar, The at Wright Field since 1919. Miss Thomas was Atomic Bomb, Operational Re- Chief of the Standard Documents Unit, Li- search, Science and the Sea, Sub- brary Szrtion, Air Documents Division, and marine Detecting, Under Sea Ob- servations, The Magnefic Mines, supervised :he cataloging of approximately Underwater Explosions, War Div- 370,000 aeronautical documents. ing, etc. Illustrating the subject matter Expert Service on Magazine are almost one hundred graphs, drawings and photographs. $6.00 Subscriptions for Special Libraries At Your Bookstore, or Order Direct: Write for a free copy of Faxon's Librarians' Guide. Also odd numbers of magazines, volumes, or complete sets. PHILOSOPHICAL LIBRARY Publishers F. W. FAXON COMPANY 15 EAST 40~~STREET,DEPT. 142 83-91 Francis Street NEW YORK16, N. Y. Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 330 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November

5 REASONS WHY . . . . The Engineering Index should be in your library 1-COVERS EVERY BRANCH OF 30 DAY ENGINEERING The developments made in the automotive. civil, and electrical fields are indexed just as comdetel~as those made in manage- ment, marine, mechanical, mining, petrbl- eum and railroad enelneerim. BINDING SERVICE 2-WORLD-WIDE IN SCOPE - Articles indexed are selected from the en- rrineerine literature. no matter where it is publishes. &BROADENS YOUR INTERESTS Each volume contains references on more All orders are bound and than 5.000 subjects. &MORE- THAN AN INDEX shipped within thirty days after Following the title of every article in- dexed is a conclse d~gestwh~ch gives an they are received. accurate conception of its contents. Names mentioned in the text matter, including thme of authors engineers scientists and many prominent'industriali&s are grouped alphabetically in an Author Index. Bound volumes in your li- +SAVES TIME AND EFFORT With references classified under alpha- betically arranged subject heading; with brary will be matched. copious cross-references grouping mate- rial under broad sub'ects bringing to- gether all related artlcies: you can learn almost instantly of all published informa- Years of experience, skilled tion on any subject. The 1947 edition has come from the press- craftsmen, and modern facilities price $50.00 combine to assure first class THE ENGINEERING INDEX Inc. 29 West 39th Street, New York 18, N. Y. workmanship.

HISTORY OF 0 Two-way shipping costs paid FACTORY AND MINE HYGIENE in full. By Ludwig Teleky, M.D. The development of control measures, factory inspection, and legislation in the Complete information sent on United States, in Germany and in Eng- land are traced in this history of indus- request. trial hygiene from antiquity to the present day. $4.50 0 THERAPEUTIC AND INDUSTRIAL USES OF MUSIC A Review of the Literature By Doris Soibelman This critical survey, written by a pro- fessional research consultant, discusses ME HECKMAN BINDERY arguments for and against the uses of 916 N. Sycamore music in therapy, and as a morale factor in industrial plants. The material has been North Manchester, Indii gathered from many fields-music, musical education, physics, engineering, medicine, psychiatry, sociology, occupational therapy, and industrial relations. An extensive bibliography adds to the value of the book "Bound to Please" as a reference source. $3.00 0 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS Morningside Heights, New York Publishers of The Columbia Encyclopedia

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 19481 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 33 1 A USEFUL ADDITION TOYOUR LIBRARY- A Quarterly about Enghnd

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" THE STATISTICAL REVIEW" now in its 17th year of publication is the recognised authority on the subjects covered. Subscribers range from the Library of Congress in V,'ashington and the House of Commons in London to leading manufacturers, publishers, advertising agents and university, school, public and private libraries throughout the world. Subscription is $16 (or 4 guineas) per annum and may be sent to JESSE SCOTT at 7 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK CITY, 17.

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TRANSLATIONS Announcing our two latest translations now available.

0x0 PROCESS (Vol. I) (Ruhrchemie and I.G. Farben patent applications) T.O.M. Reel 36, Item 21 and part of Item 36 29 Chapters in length

SYNTHETIC LUBRICATING OILS (Vol. I) (Patent applications of the I.G. Farbenindustrie covering production of synthetic lubricating oils) T.O.M. Reel 17, Items 30 and 34 T.O.M. Reel 81, Items 194 to 198 inclusive T.O.M. Reel 194, Item 42 T.O.M. Reel 236, Items 1 and 2 26 Chapters in length

Should you desire more information on these translations, we would welcome your inquiry.

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Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 19481 SPECIAL LIBRARIES 335

BOOKS FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH - new and essential

Men, Cities, and The Rubber Industry Transportation A Study in Competition A STUDY IN NEW ENGLAND HISTORY and Monopoly by Edward Chase Kirkland by P. T. Bauer The story of the expansion and development of a An authoritative study of the structure, tech- whole region through its railroad and shipping niques, economics, history, and prospects of the industries. "This tale of empire builders in action rubber industry from 1929 to the present. is told with so much vivacity and color that it Index, tables, 404 pages, $7.50 makes the present seem pale and listless by com- parison."-Fortune. 2 volumes, indexed, illustrated, $12.50 Foraminif era: Revolution Their Classification and Economic Use in Glassmaking by Joseph A. Cushman by Warren Candler Scoville The standard guide book on the group of mostly E. D. Libbey and M. J. Owens during the time microscopic organisms which are so important to when glassmaking in America emerged from a oilmen, geologists, and paleontologists. Fourth, handicraft to a large-scale production industry. revised edition ready November 5. 398 pages, indez, illustrated, $5.00 x -I- 605 pages, plates, $10.00 The Regulation of Railroad Abandonments by Charles R. Cherington Please send the following books: The only comprehensive study of the problems Men, Cities, and Transportation $12.50 of the regulation of railroad abandonments by the Interstate Commerce Commission. Revolution in Glassmaking $ 5.00 x -I- 271 pages, including index, $4.00 The Regulation of Railroad Aban- donment~ $ 4.00 Aerial Photography in Urban Plan- ning and Research $ 3.00 Aerial Photography The Rubber Industry $ 7.50 Foraminifera: Their Classification in Urban Planning and Economic Use - $10.00

and Research 4J Payment enclosed Charge by Melville Campbell Branch, Jr. Name This profusely illustrated book is the only docu- ... ment on this subject written for those directly concerned with urban planning. Address 150 pages, indez, $3.00 City ...... State

Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Advertisements 336 SPECIAL LIBRARIES [November]

One-Half Price Sale on SLA Publications NOW Classification and Cataloginn- - of Ma~sand Atlases-1 945.... $4.40 Practical procedures for maintaining an easily accessible collection are outlined. Unique in that it combines standard classification with the spe- cific techniques required for maintenance of separate map collections. A List of Subject Headings for Chemistry Libraries--1 945.... .75 Compiled for use in assigning subject headings to entries in a catalog of books, pamphlets and sundry literature in a chemical library. Important for all libraries containing chemical material. Handbook of Commercial, Financial and Information Service-1 944 ...... 1 SO Detailed descriptions of 577 current information services, of which 334 are listed for the first time. Information on over 300 defunct services are also included to give complete coverage. American Petroleum Statistics-1 943...... 25 A subject guide to petroleum statistics compiled from 42 technical publi- cations. Alphabetically arranged by subject. Includes name and ad- dress of publisher and prices. Creation and Development of An Insurance Library-1941 .50 Suggests organization, physical layout, personnel, classification and sources of information for an insurance library. Lists books covering all forms of insurance. Bankiig and Financial Subject Headings-1 940...... 1.50 A basic list of headings likely to be needed in the average-sized finan- cial library. An important tool for librarians, catalogers, and all who organize files. Business and The Public Library-1940 ...... 50 A discussion of business work in public libraries. Includes a selected bibliography on business service in public libraries, book and pamphlet information sources, notes and list for use in organizing a business de- partment. Guide to Business Facts and Figwres-1937 ...... -75 Lists 225 business information sources. Complete order data and de- scriptive annotations are included. Indexed by subjects. Social Welfare: A List of Subject Headings in Social Work and Public Welfare ...... 50 Selected subject headings actually in use in the social welfare field pre- pared in consultation with specialists in social work and public welfare. The above publications are offered at exactly one-half the original price if ordered before December 31, 1948. Since quantities are limited, please send your orders promptly- to SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION 31 EAST TENTH STREET NEW YORK 3, NEW YORK ; Please Mention Special Libraries When Answering Adverfisemenfs