DOCSLIB.ORG

Major Economic Changes in 1948

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Major Economic Changes in 1948 ·------. ----·� SUPPLEMENT TO MAJOR ECONOMIC CHANGES IN 1948 UNITED NATIONS Supplement MAJOR ECONOMIC CHANGES IN 1948 Discussion of the w.orld economic situation in the Economic and Social Council at .its eighth session, February and March 1949 Department of Economic Affairs UNITED NATIONS Lake Success, New York June 1949 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No., 1949.II.C.2 FOREWORD The General Assembly of the United Nations noted with approval at its second regular session that the Economic and Social Council had made arrangements for regular reports to the Council on world economic conditions and trends and recommended that consideration be given by the Council to periodic surveys of the world situation in the light of its responsibility under Article 55 of the Charter, to promote the solution of international economic problems, higher standards of living, full employment and conditions of economic and social progress and development. As background for its discussion at its eighth session, the Council had before it several reports, including the report of the Department of Economic Affairs on Major Economic Changes in 1948. At the conclusion of its discussion of the world economic situation, the Council adopted a resolution, reproduced on page 118, drawing the attention of Member Gov.emments of the United Nations, the Economic and Employment Commission, the regional economic commissions and the specialized agencies to the views expressed by members of the Council. The verbatim record of the discussion in the Economic and Social Council from 21 to 25 February 1949 is contained in this volume. iii GUIDE TO THE DISCUSSION Members of the Economic Participants in and Social Council the discussion Page Mr. THORN 1,97,117,118,119 President Australia Mr. PLIMSOLL 2 Belgium Mr. VAN LANGENHOVE 41 Brazil Mr.MuNIZ 45 Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Chile Mr. SANTA CRUZ 7 China Denmark Mr. IVERSEN 15 Mr. BORBERG 116 France Mr. MENDES-FRANCE 28 Mr. BORIS 105 India Mr. SEN 51 Lebanon Mr. HAKIM 76 New Zealand Mr. SUTCH 19 Peru Mr. FERNANDEZ-STOLL 80 Poland Mr. KATZ-SUCHY 63,109 Turkey Mr.OZGUREL 54 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Mr. TSARAPKIN 87,115,118 United Kingdom Mr. MAYHEW 57, 100, 118 United States of America Mr. THORP 37,97 Venezuela Mr. STaLK 82 Mr. OWEN 117 Assistant Secretary-General in charge of Economic Affairs v UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL Eighth session, February and March 1949 Lake Success, N ew York 21 FEBRUARY 1949, MORNING MEETING The PRESIDENT ments which occurred during 1948. He wishes me to point out that it was clearly impossible to pre­ We are now ready to begin the debate on item sent a definitive review of the year 1948 so soon 16 of the agenda: the world economic situation. after the end of the year and that there are there­ When a similar economic debate came to its con­ fore a number of unavoidable gaps in the report. clusion a year ago, the President of the Economic The report is being issued at this time in order to and Social Council, Mr. Malik of Lebanon, found provide the Economic and Social Council with a it possible to say that the debate had been one of useful factual background for discussion of the the finest and most instructive he had attended, current world economic situation. A comprehen­ and he had attended many debates on· this ques­ sive economic survey of the world situation will tion from the days of San Francisco on. After the be issued by the Secretariat towards the middle of debate the Secretary-General, following the wishes 1949. That survey will take account both of the of the Council, arranged to make the verbatim regional economic reports which will become record available in the form of a printed supple­ available during the early months of 1949 from ment to the economic report which had been pre­ the secretariats of the regional economic com­ pared by the Secretariat, so as to give wider cir­ missions of the United Nations in Europe, Latin culation to the factual and policy statements that America and the Far East, and of the economic were made before the Council. I am certain that activities of the specialized agencies. the high standards set a year ago will be main­ tained this year. Another report which you may find useful in connexion with the debate on the world economic May I now call your attention to a number of situation is United Nations document EllUl en­ documents which contain data that you may find titled "National and International Action to helpful in connexion with this debate. There is, Achieve or Maintain Full Employment and Econ­ of course, the printed report by the Secretariat omic Stability". This document contains the re­ entitled Major Economic Changes in 1948. The plies received from twenty-two governments and first part of this report was made available to us three specialized agencies to questions put to them several weeks ago in mimeographed form. I am by the Secretariat in accordance with the Econ­ told by the Secretariat that a few slight revisions omic and Social Council's resolution 104 (VI) on have since been made in that document; you are this problem. therefore urged to use the printed version which was distributed to you several days ago, which Another document which contains data that also incorporates part II of the report, containing you may find useful is the Review of International selected world economic indices. Commodity Problems, 1948 presented by the In­ terimCo-ordinating Committee for International In connexion with this report I also draw your Commodity Agreements, which was created inac­ attention to Mr. David Owen's preface, in which cordance with a resolution adopted by this Coun­ he points out that the purpose of the present pub­ cil. The aim of the review is to set out the nature lication is to make generally available a prelimin­ of international economic problems relating to ary review of the important economic develop- primary commodities, to explain the principles 1 2 Mr. Plimsoll, Australia that have been accepted by the Committee as a I might say also that this report on major econ­ guide in dealing with these problems and to re­ mic changes in 1948 has attracted a great deal of view the actions taken in this field to date. attention in the Press of my country, Australia, where, I am told, it has been high-lighted and re­ Finally, you will find material bearing on the ported and commented on at some length. It shows world economic situation in United Nations docu­ that the general public believes that in devoting a ment E/1084, which contains the report submitted great deal of attention to a problem of this nature to us by the Food and Agriculture Organization -the whole economic position of the world-the of the United Nations in connexion with item 19 Economic and Social Council is really getting of the agenda, dealing with the world food situa­ down to the main business for which it was cre­ tion. You are, I am sure, also acquainted with the ated. This debate, and the debate on economic de­ United Nations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, velopment, are the sort of thing for which we were which contains a wealth of economic data. really established. Of course these documents are not, as such, the subject of our debate, but I thought it useful Turning to the report itself, the first major point to bring them to your attention at this time. that emerges from it is the big increase in produc­ tion during the past year-a most encouraging I feel certain that at the conclusion of the de­ trend indeed. Production in the world as a whole bate we are aboutto begin we shall all feel it de­ is now almost up to the pre-war level. But the in­ sirable to have the discussion reproduced as a crease is not uniform. There are some countries supplement to the report before us, Major Econ­ where production is lagging, particularly the de­ omic Changes in 1948. To ensure that this debate feated countries - Germany and Japan - and the will in effect supplement the Secretariat's report, formerly occupied countries. But on the whole, I hope that the participants in the debate will de­ production has recovered. vote their attention primarily to matters not cov­ ered, or not covered in detail, by the report. In particular there is the recovery in food which I therefore hope that the participants will dwell the report rightly singles out as possibly the most on economic conditions within their own coun­ important factor during the past year. The other tries, the effect of those conditions on the world striking feature is the recovery in western Europe. economic situation and the effect of world condi­ Europe is still far behind what we hope it will at­ tions upon the situation in their own countries. tain but nevertheless it is clear that western Eu­ rope is getting back on its feet. For this we all owe Mr. PLIMSOLL, Australia a great debt of gratitude to the United States of America for its loans and other aid-for the re­ The Economic and Social Council and the markable foresight, generosity and understanding United Nations are once again under a debt to it has shown and for the assistance it has given the Secretariat for preparing for us a very good and is continuing to give. report on the world economic position today. Our congratulations are due to Mr. Owen and Mr. Weintraub and the other members of the econ­ The second point-which is giving concern to omic staff of the United Nations for the great care some people, a concern which is uncalled for at and accuracy and power of analysis they have the moment-is the appearance of deflationary shown in this report.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • February 04, 1949 Memorandum of Conversation Between Anastas Mikoyan and Mao Zedong
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified February 04, 1949 Memorandum of Conversation between Anastas Mikoyan and Mao Zedong Citation: “Memorandum of Conversation between Anastas Mikoyan and Mao Zedong,” February 04, 1949, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, APRF: F. 39, Op. 1, D. 39, Ll. 54-62. Reprinted in Andrei Ledovskii, Raisa Mirovitskaia and Vladimir Miasnikov, Sovetsko-Kitaiskie Otnosheniia, Vol. 5, Book 2, 1946-February 1950 (Moscow: Pamiatniki Istoricheskoi Mysli, 2005), pp. 66-72. Translated by Sergey Radchenko. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113318 Summary: Anastas Mikoyan and Mao Zedong discuss the independence of Mongolia, the independence movement in Xinjiang, the construction of a railroad in Xinjiang, CCP contacts with the VKP(b), the candidate for Chinese ambassador to the USSR, aid from the USSR to China, CCP negotiations with the Guomindang, the preparatory commisssion for convening the PCM, the character of future rule in China, Chinese treaties with foreign powers, and the Sino-Soviet treaty. Original Language: Russian Contents: English Translation On 4 February 1949 another meeting with Mao Zedong took place in the presence of CCP CC Politburo members Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi, Zhu De and the interpreter Shi Zhe. From our side Kovalev I[van]. V. and Kovalev E.F. were present. THE NATIONAL QUESTION I conveyed to Mao Zedong that our CC does not advise the Chinese Com[munist] Party to go overboard in the national question by means of providing independence to national minorities and thereby reducing the territory of the Chinese state in connection with the communists' take-over of power.
    [Show full text]
  • The Trinity Review, March 1948
    Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Trinity Publications (Newspapers, Yearbooks, Trinity Review (1939 - 1980) Catalogs, etc.) 3-1-1948 The Trinity Review, March 1948 Trinity College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/review Recommended Citation Trinity College, "The Trinity Review, March 1948" (1948). Trinity Review (1939 - 1980). 10. https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/review/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Trinity Publications (Newspapers, Yearbooks, Catalogs, etc.) at Trinity College Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Trinity Review (1939 - 1980) by an authorized administrator of Trinity College Digital Repository. The Trinity Review Volume II March, 1948 Number 2 EDITORIAL BOARD HAROLD W. GLEASON, ]R. Editor-in-Chief THOMAS C. F. LOWRY DAVID s. GOTTESMAN Executive Editor Business Manager STANLEY F. RoDGERS GEORGE w. STOWE Art Editor Circulation Manager EDWARD B. BuRNS NoRTON G. HINCKLEY ]OHN P. FANDEL, ]R. THEODORE D. LOCKWOOD APOLOGIA 'This is the last issue of the Review published by the patrons and founders of the ]'{ew Series. 'The retiring Editorial Board is anxious that its appre­ ciation for very present help in troubles past be felt by the benefactors of two years of publication. We are especially beholden to Professors Allen, Cameron, Hood, and Wil­ liams, of the English Department, whose aid and encour­ agement in difficult and unfamiliar matters have been in­ dispensable. 'T 0 an others who have helped us to restore the Review to 'Trinity College we are unfeignedly thanJUul. -'The Editors CONTENTS Frontispiece . John C. E. 'Taylor The Dimly Burning Flax .
    [Show full text]
  • February 1948: Establishment of the Communist Regime
    I have just returned from the castle from meeting the President. Today in the morning, I submitted to him my proposal for ac- ceptance of the ministers´ resignations who resigned on 20 February of this year and at the same time I proposed to the President a list of people who should substitute for the gov- ernment and reconstruct it. I would like to inform you that the President accepted all my proposals as they were submitted. Comrades, all discharging letters as well as all letters of ap- pointment are signed by the President and I will countersign them soon. February 1948 21, Speech by Klement Gottwald, Prime Minister and Chairman of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, 25 February 1948 Measures of the Action Committees were measures that were taken based on their proposal or instead of them and they were made in the period from 20 February 1948 until the bind- ing force of this Act and which sought to protect or to secure the people´s democratic system or to purify public life; they Klement Gottwald are rightful, including in cases where they would not be in ac- in Prague - photo after cordance with the relevant regulations. the retouch of sentenced Act No. 213/1948 Coll. Vladimir Clementis The February 1948 events in Czechoslovakia were a logical result of the actions by the Czechoslovak Communist Par- ty-Communist Party of Slovakia, the leaders of which started systematically, even during the Second World War, to prepare to seize power in the state. Róbert Letz, historian FEBRUARY 1948 imprisonment and suppression.
    [Show full text]
  • Alumni News University Publications
    La Salle University La Salle University Digital Commons La Salle College Alumni News University Publications 3-1949 Alumni News: March 1949 La Salle University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/alumni_news Recommended Citation La Salle University, "Alumni News: March 1949" (1949). La Salle College Alumni News. 2. http://digitalcommons.lasalle.edu/alumni_news/2 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the University Publications at La Salle University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in La Salle College Alumni News by an authorized administrator of La Salle University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LUNCH BANQUET CLUB MAY 16th APR. 4 t h ALUMNI NEWS BROADWOOD VOL. III MARCH, 1949 No. 2 President Plans Banner A lumni Y ear Levy Appoints Chairmen of Open House: Medal, Banquet and Breakfast Events FIRST AFFAIR IN MAY Following a full Board meeting of Class representatives, held at LaSalle College on February 28th, Oscar F. Levy ’38, Alumni P resi­ dent, formally announced the cal­ endar of Alumni social activities for the coming year. The Open House, an annual sports affair, will be held soon after Easter, with James J. McKeegan ’40, as Chair m an. Nationally famous columnist and television star Ed Sullivan receives the LaSalle The Annual Alumni Banquet will COLLEGIAN Public Service in Journalism Award from editor Walter J. Brough, as Brother G. Paul, President of LaSalle, looks on. Sullivan was invited to par­ be held on May 16th, Founders Day. ticipate in LaSalle’s observance of Catholic Press Month by virtue of his work in Chairman Al Whalen '20, is work­ combating juvenile delinquency, and for his efforts on behalf of Catholic and other ing out the details for the location charities in New York.
    [Show full text]
  • March 26, 1948 Record of a Conversation Between I. V. Stalin and the Leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Wilhelm Pieck and Otto Grotewohl
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified March 26, 1948 Record of a conversation between I. V. Stalin and the Leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Wilhelm Pieck and Otto Grotewohl Citation: “Record of a conversation between I. V. Stalin and the Leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Wilhelm Pieck and Otto Grotewohl,” March 26, 1948, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, APRF. F. 45. Op. 1. D. 303. pp. 24-49. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/123209 Summary: Stalin, Pieck, and Grotewohl have a lengthy conversation about the Soviet Zone of Occupation and the activities of the Socialist Unity Party. Original Language: Russian Contents: English Translation Record of a conversation between Cde. I. V. Stalin and the leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany Wilhelm Pieck and Otto Grotewohl, 26 March 1948, at 1900 hours Top Secret Present: V. M. Molotov, A. A. Zhdanov, G. M. Malenkov, V. S. Semenov (SVAG [Soviet Military Administration in Germany]), and interpreters - G. Ya. Korotkevich and F. Elsner. PIECK thanked I. V. Stalin for the welcome and also for the aid which the Soviet Military Administration in Germany gives the SED [Socialist Unity Party]. I. V. STALIN asks whether the Military Administration is actually giving aid or if this is a compliment. PIECK and GROTEWOHL say that they are actually receiving aid. STALIN, joking, asks again, does this mean that they don't just oppress you, but also give aid? PIECK, laughing, confirms [this]. Then he says that he will describe political issues and Grotewohl economic [ones].
    [Show full text]
  • February 21, 1948 Report of the Special Action of the Polish Socialist Party in Prague, 21-25 February 1948
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified February 21, 1948 Report of the Special Action of the Polish Socialist Party in Prague, 21-25 February 1948 Citation: “Report of the Special Action of the Polish Socialist Party in Prague, 21-25 February 1948,” February 21, 1948, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Warsaw), file 217, packet 16, pp. 1-11. Translated by Anna Elliot-Zielinska. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/117117 Summary: In the midst of a cabinet crisis in Czechoslovakia that would lead to the February Communist coup, several delegates from the Polish Socialist Party were sent to Prague to spread socialist influence. The crisis is outlined, as well as a thorough report of the conference in Prague. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: Polish Contents: English Translation In accordance with the resolution of the Political Commission and General Secretariat of the Central Executive Committee (CKW) of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), made late on the night of 20 February 1948, Com. Kazimierz Rusinek, Adam Rapacki, Henryk Jablonski, and Stefan Arski were delegated to go to Prague. This decision was made after a thorough analysis of the political situation in Czechoslovakia brought on by a cabinet crisis there. The goal of the delegation was to inform the Central Committee of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party (SD) about the basic stance of the PPS and possibly to influence the SD Central Committee in the spirit of leftist-socialist and revolutionary politics. The motive behind the decision of the Political Commission and General Secretariat was the fear that, from the leftist socialist point of view, the situation at the heart of SD after the Brno Congress was taking an unfavorable shape.
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations. on Nations Unies
    United Nations. Nations Unies UNRESTRICTED CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.4/25 ON DU 21 March 1948 TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ENGLISHONLYOm ------ ITTEECOM=RTHR ESTR: RC'TUIINESSVEIIS IPERATMCS CEK LIST OF UMENTDOCISSUEDt MSMEN CEFBVREROMDlEMC 194ARC7 TO MPXH 1948 Prepared buUUy the Dents Division In. DoE/cONonumets )F.2/C.4/ ocument rnber NumberShort Title 1 Preliminary Annotated Agenda - Prepared by LanguageE EFEF the Secretariat for Discussion 1/Add.1 Draft Charter - Greece: Proposed Addition 1/Add.2 Draft Charter - Italy: Proposed Amendments 1/Add.3 Draft Charter - Ceylon: Proposed Amendments Draft Charter - Czechoslovakia: Proposed 1/Add.4 1/Add.5 Amendments Draft Charter - Mexico: Proposed Amendments E F 1/Add..6 Draft Charter Norway: Proposed Amendment E F 1/Add.7 Draft Charter - Afghanistan: Proposed E F Amendment 2 Agenda - Third Meeting, Wednesday, 3 December 1947, 10.30 a.m. 4 3 Composition of Sub-Conittee 1 E &FEF-' Annotated Agenda - Prepared by the Secretariat F S for Discussion of the Draft Charter 4/Add.1 Addendum to Annotated Agenda for Chapter V E FSs 4/Add.2 Sub-Committee A - Amendment Proposed by E FS Norway 5 Report of Sub-Committee E F 5/Corr.1 Rectificatif au Rapport de la Sous-Coaission F Only 6 Agenda for Fifth Meeting - Held 1?nuary 1948 E &F at 3.00 pm. 7 Agenda for Sixth Meeting - Held 12 January 1948 E & at 10.30 a.m. 8 Agenad for SeventhM etinm Held 13 January 1948 E & at 10.30 a.m. I E/CONF .2/C .4/25 Page 2 '1 -DocumentsI (E/CONF.2/C.4) tumbero t Numbe r Short Title 9 Report of the Working Party E .19/Re Rapport du Groupe de Travail F Only 10 Agenda for Eighth Meeting - 14Jjd4 anuary 1948 E &F at 01a0.3 .m.
    [Show full text]
  • Constituent Assembly Debates Official Report
    Monday, 15th November, 1948 Volume VII 4-11-1948 to 8-1-1949 CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY DEBATES OFFICIAL REPORT REPRINTED BY LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT, NEW DELHI SIXTH REPRINT 2014 Printed by JAINCO ART INDIA, New Delhi CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA President : THE HONOURABLE DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD Vice-President : DR. H.C. MOOKHERJEE Constitutional Adviser : SIR B.N. RAU, C.I.E. Secretary : SHRI H.V. IENGAR, C.I.E., I.C.S. Joint Secretary : SHRI S.N. MUKERJEE Deputy Secretary : SHRI JUGAL KISHORE KHANNA Under Secretary : SHRI K.V. PADMANABHAN Marshal : SUBEDAR MAJOR HARBANS RAI JAIDKA CONTENTS ————— Volume VII—4th November 1948 to 8th January 1949 Pages Pages Thursday, 4th November 1948 Thursday, 18th November, 1948— Presentation of Credentials and Taking the Pledge and Signing signing the Register .................. 1 the Register ............................... 453 Taking of the Pledge ...................... 1 Draft Constitution—(contd.) ........... 453—472 Homage to the Father of the Nation ........................................ 1 [Articles 3 and 4 considered] Condolence on the deaths of Friday, 19th November 1948— Quaid-E-Azam Mohammad Ali Draft Constitution—(contd.) ........... 473—500 Jinnah, Shri D.P. Khaitan and [Articles 28 to 30-A considered] Shri D.S. Gurung ...................... 1 Amendments to Constituent Monday, 22nd November 1948— Assembly Rules 5-A and 5-B .. 2—12 Draft Constitution—(contd.) ........... 501—527 Amendment to the Annexure to the [Articles 30-A, 31 and 31-A Schedule .................................... 12—15 considered] Addition of New Rule 38V ........... 15—17 Tuesday, 23rd November 1948— Programme of Business .................. 17—31 Draft Constitution—(contd.) ........... 529—554 Motion re Draft Constitution ......... 31—47 Appendices— [Articles 32, 33, 34, 34-A, 35, 36, 37 Appendix “A” .............................
    [Show full text]
  • 1944 the London Gazette, 19 March, 1948
    1944 THE LONDON GAZETTE, 19 MARCH, 1948 Handelsmann, Phihpp Oswald, Austria, Glove Heimann, Ely Sussmann; Germany, Director, 6r Cutter, 15, Porchester Square, London, W ". 7 Cambridge Park Court, Twickenham, Middlesex. February, 1948. 3 February, 1948 Hansen, Carl Lauritz Christian Peter See Haitvel, Heimann, Ernst, Germany, Sales Manager, 20, Carl Lauritz Christian Peter Joubert Mansions, Jubilee Place-, London, Harendorf, Robert, Austria, Agricultural Worker; S W 3 9 February, 1948 66, Woodlands, London, N W n 5 February, Heine, Hellmuth Simon, Of uncertain nationality,' 1948 Manager, i2A, Grosvenor Court, Christchurch Harris, Michel Ber See Ozerowicz, Michel Ber. Avenue, London, N W 6 20 February, 1948. Hememann, Johanna, Germany, Housekeeper, Flat Harrison, Harry (formerly Breitelman, Aaron), No i, 13, Gedling Grove, Nottingham, Notting- Russia, Clothing Manufacturer, 12, Bembadge hamshire 6 February, 1948 Crescent, Southsea, Portsmouth 20 January, Heinsheimer, Eva Maria, Austria, Despatch Clerk; 1948. " Jasmin," 14, Locksley Park, Fmaghy, Belfast, Harteck, Ruth Eva-Maria Sybille Ernestine; N Ireland 6 February, 1948 Germany, State Registered Nurse, Cottles Park, Heisler, George Henry See Heisler Jin Jmdnch. Melksham, Wiltshire 18 February, 1948 Heisler, Jin Jandrich (known as George Henry Hartmann, Leopold (formerly Leopold Pollak); Heisler), Czechoslovakia, Student, Colonnade Austria, Textile Manufacturer's Agent, 4, Hotel, 2, Warnngton Crescent, London, W 9 Belmont Court, Finchley Road, London, N W u. 9 February, 1948 31 January, 1948 Hekmat, Hossein, Iran, Chemical Engineer, Hartstem, Charlotte. Child of Hartstem, Marianne " Desford," 18, Cross Hey, Handbridge, Hartstem, Marianne, Czechoslovakia; Tubercu- Chester 10 January, 1948 losis Nurse; 62, Rushgrove Avenue, London, Helberg, Sigvart Marius, Norway, Carter, 92, N W 9 12 February, 1948 Smithdown Lane, Liverpool 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Secretaries of Defense
    Secretaries of Defense 1947 - 2021 Historical Office Office of the Secretary of Defense Contents Historical Origins of the Secretary of Defense . iii Secretaries of Defense . 1 Secretaries of Defense Demographics . 28 History of the Positional Colors for the Office of the Secretary of Defense . 29 “The Secretary of Defense’s primary role is to ensure the national security . [and] it is one of the more difficult jobs anywhere in the world. He has to be a mini-Secretary of State, a procurement expert, a congressional relations expert. He has to understand the budget process. And he should have some operational knowledge.” Frank C. Carlucci former Secretary of Defense Prepared by Dr. Shannon E. Mohan, Historian Dr. Erin R. Mahan, Chief Historian Secretaries of Defense i Historical Origins of the Secretary of Defense The 1947 National Security Act (P.L. 80-253) created the position of Secretary of Defense with authority to establish general policies and programs for the National Military Establishment. Under the law, the Secretary of Defense served as the principal assistant to the President in all matters relating to national security. James V. Forrestal is sworn in as the first Secretary of Defense, September 1947. (OSD Historical Office) The 1949 National Security Act Amendments (P.L. 81- 216) redefined the Secretary of Defense’s role as the President’s principal assistant in all matters relating to the Department of Defense and gave him full direction, authority, and control over the Department. Under the 1947 law and the 1949 Amendments, the Secretary was appointed from civilian life provided he had not been on active duty as a commissioned officer within ten years of his nomination.
    [Show full text]
  • International Law Documents : 1948-49
    International Law Studies – Volume 46 International Law Documents U.S. Naval War College (Editor) The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S. government, the U.S. Department of the Navy or the Naval War College. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION Page 1. Charter of the Organization of American States, Bogota, 30 April 1948 .. .. .. ............. .. ..... .... ......... ..... 2. American Treaty of Pacific Settlement: "Pact of Bogota," Bogota, 30 April 1948. 26 3. Treaty of Economic, Social and Cultural Collaboration and Col- lective Self-Defense (United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Luxem- bourg, and the Netherlands), Brussels, 17 March 1948.... .. 46 4. North Atlantic Defense Treaty, Washington, 4 April1949...... .. 52 5. Revised General Act for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, Lake Success, 28 April 1949... 56 6. Statute of the Council of Europe, London, 5 May 1949.. 57 II. TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS 1. International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Indictment No. 1, 29 April 1946 (excerpts). 71 2. International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Judgment, 4-12 November 1948 (excerpts). 76 3. Tabulation of the Tokyo Sentences of Individual Defendants. 107 III. RIGHTS CLAIMED BY LITTORAL STATES IN ADJACENT SEAS 1. The Corfu Channel Case (Merits), International Court of Justice, Judgment of 9 April 1949.. 108 2. United States Laws and Regulations.......................... 156 (a) Harbors Closed to Foreign Vessels..................... 156 (b) DefensiveSeaAreas ............................. .. .. 157 (c) Maritime Control Areas.............................. 169 (d) Customs Enforcement Areas........................ 176 (e) Laws concerning Pollution of Navigable Waters....... .. 180 3. Claims to the Continental Shelf. • 182 (a) United States of America: Presidential Proclamation, 28 September 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • RIVER STAGES and FLOODS for MARCH 1948 of the Accumulated Snow Cover Within a Relatively Short ELMER NELSON Period
    MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW MARCH1948 RIVER STAGES AND FLOODS FOR MARCH 1948 of the accumulated snow cover within a relatively short ELMER NELSON period. No extensive damage occurred. A few highways R. were inundated for a short period in Massachusetts and The river stages during March were above normal in the Connecticut. The worst flooding occurred in the Hart- eastern half of the country except at a few scattered points. ford area, where some dwellings were surrounded with In the western half, stages were below normal in California, water nearly up to the level of the first floor. The crest Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, Nevada, and southern stage of 24.5 feet at Hartford was the highest stage at Arizona. that poinL since the hurricane flood of September 1938. Spring floods prevailed over a broad region extending Based on flood frequencies during the past 100 years, such from the eastern Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast, being a stage may be expected about every 8 or 10 years. The most severe in southern Michigan where record or near- system of dikes around Holyoke, Mass., Springfield, Mass., record-breaking stages were observed. No major floods and Hartford, Conn., prevent any extensive damage to occurred on any of the large rivers. Floods in the Upper those cities. Susquehanna River Basin on March 23 and 24 were of Minor flooding occurred on the Hudson River at Albany, near-record magnitudes. At Towanda, Pa., the Susque- N. Y., on the 23d. This freshet was due to snow-melt, hanna River came within 2 feet of the stage of March 19, rain, and release of wat,er from behind ice gorges.
    [Show full text]