Managing the Treasury Yield Curve in the 1940S
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The Only Defense Is Excess: Translating and Surpassing Hollywood’S Conventions to Establish a Relevant Mexican Cinema”*
ANAGRAMAS - UNIVERSIDAD DE MEDELLIN “The Only Defense is Excess: Translating and Surpassing Hollywood’s Conventions to Establish a Relevant Mexican Cinema”* Paula Barreiro Posada** Recibido: 27 de enero de 2011 Aprobado: 4 de marzo de 2011 Abstract Mexico is one of the countries which has adapted American cinematographic genres with success and productivity. This country has seen in Hollywood an effective structure for approaching the audience. With the purpose of approaching national and international audiences, Meximo has not only adopted some of Hollywood cinematographic genres, but it has also combined them with Mexican genres such as “Cabaretera” in order to reflect its social context and national identity. The Melodrama and the Film Noir were two of the Hollywood genres which exercised a stronger influence on the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. Influence of these genres is specifically evident in style and narrative of the film Aventurera (1949). This film shows the links between Hollywood and Mexican cinema, displaying how some Hollywood conventions were translated and reformed in order to create its own Mexican Cinema. Most countries intending to create their own cinema have to face Hollywood influence. This industry has always been seen as a leading industry in technology, innovation, and economic capacity, and as the Nemesis of local cinema. This case study on Aventurera shows that Mexican cinema reached progress until exceeding conventions of cinematographic genres taken from Hollywood, creating stories which went beyond the local interest. Key words: cinematographic genres, melodrama, film noir, Mexican cinema, cabaretera. * La presente investigación fue desarrollada como tesis de grado para la maestría en Media Arts que completé en el 2010 en la Universidad de Arizona, Estados Unidos. -
Propaganda, Cinema and the American Character in World War Ii Theodore Kornweibel, Jr
humphrey bogart's Sahara propaganda, cinema and the american character in world war ii theodore kornweibel, jr. How and why a people responds affirmatively to momentous events in the life of its nation is an intriguing question for the social historian. Part of the answer may be found in the degree to which a populace can connect such events to traditional (and often idealistic) themes in its culture, themes which have had wide currency and restatement. This kind of identification can be seen particularly in wartime; twice in this century large segments of the American population rallied around the call to preserve democracy under the guise of fighting a "war to end all wars" and another to preserve the "four freedoms." But popular perceptions of these global conflicts were not without both deliberate and unconscious manipulation in many areas of the culture, including commercial motion pictures. Hollywood produced hundreds of feature films during World War II which depicted facets of that conflict on the domestic homefront, the soil of friendly Allies and far-flung battlefields. Many of the films showed no more than a crude addition of the war theme to plots that would have been filmed anyway in peacetime, such as gangster stories and musical comedies. But other movies reached a deeper level in subtly linking the war to American traditions and ideals. Sahara,1 Columbia Pictures' biggest money-maker in 1943, starring Humphrey Bogart in a finely understated performance, is such a motion picture. Students of American culture will find Sahara and its never-filmed predecessor script, "Trans-Sahara," artifacts especially useful in ex amining two phenomena: the process of government pressure on 0026-3079/81/2201-0005S01.50/0 5 movie studios to ensure that the "approved" war. -
From the Nuremberg Trials to the Memorial Nuremberg Trials
Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Memorium Nürnberger Prozesse Hirschelgasse 9-11 90403 Nürnberg Telefon: 0911 / 2 31-66 89 Telefon: 0911 / 2 31-54 20 Telefax: 0911 / 2 31-1 42 10 E-Mail: [email protected] www.museen.nuernberg.de – Press Release From the Nuremberg Trials to the Memorial Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg’s name is linked with the NSDAP Party Rallies held here between 1933 and 1938 and – Presseinformation with the „Racial Laws“ adopted in 1935. It is also linked with the trials where leading representatives of the Nazi regime had to answer for their crimes in an international court of justice. Between 20 November, 1945, and 1 October, 1946, the International Military Tribunal’s trial of the main war criminals (IMT) was held in Court Room 600 at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. Between 1946 and 1949, twelve follow-up trials were also held here. Those tried included high- ranking representatives of the military, administration, medical profession, legal system, industry Press Release and politics. History Two years after Germany had unleashed World War II on 1 September, 1939, leading politicians and military staff of the anti-Hitler coalition started to consider bringing to account those Germans responsible for war crimes which had come to light at that point. The Moscow Declaration of 1943 and the Conference of Yalta of February 1945 confirmed this attitude. Nevertheless, the ideas – Presseinformation concerning the type of proceeding to use in the trial were extremely divergent. After difficult negotiations, on 8 August, 1945, the four Allied powers (USA, Britain, France and the Soviet Union) concluded the London Agreement, on a "Charter for The International Military Tribunal", providing for indictment for the following crimes in a trial based on the rule of law: 1. -
Atrocities, Insults, and "Jeep Girls": Depictions of the U.S. Military in China, 1945-1949
Atrocities, Insults, and "Jeep Girls": Depictions of the U.S. Military in China, 1945-1949 Adam Cathcart Good wars are hard to find, but satisfying postwar scenarios are even scarcer. Euphoria and celebration give way to deep exhaustion, leaving the cleanup, organization, and administration of a new state to the less capable aftermath. Liberation becomes occupation, soldiers grow bored, and victory's horrible hangover sets in. Foes -- those not hanged, at least -- recede into a hundred hostile factions, entering the void of centralization once monopolized by the state. Wartime allies parlay postwar aid into advantage in civil conflict. Where one war appears to have ended, another is spawned. World War i1, fought on the basis of solid anti-fascism and the liberation of populations from tyranny, gave way in Asia to a confused situation wherein the United States actively reconstructed its enemies and alienated its friends. While this turn of events led in part to Japan's eventual economic success and its thriving as a model "occupied country," the romanticism associated with the American occupation of Japan (1945-1952) never reached the other Northeast Asian countries policed by U.S. troops in the postwar years. The U.S. military occupation of South Korea from 1945-1948 initially treated the Koreans worse than the Japanese, and the Syngman Rhee regime was a deeply corrupt and nominally democratic ally whose alternating bellicosity and weakness were exposed during the Korean War (1950-1953). Anti-Americanism consequently mushroomed in South Korea, stimulated by the excesses of U.S. military aid to the corrupt South Korean dictatorship. -
UNRESTRICTED A&6/190 11 November 1947 EAXXXSH ORIGINAZ: KRENCH SIXTH CWMITTEX Drf'j?
* Unt UNRESTRICTED A&6/190 11 November 1947 EAXXXSH ORIGINAZ: KRENCH SIXTH CWMITTEX DRf'J?TCONVENTION ON GENCCIIE: REFORT OF TEIE ECONOMIC i&ND SOCWL CCUNCIL REPORT AND DI-2JF.TRESOWTION ACOFTEDBY SUB-COMMSTTEE2 ON PRCGRESSIVE lXXELOFM5XT OF IIVIERN1~TIOlWL l2W'AND ITS CODIEICATION Rapportour: Mr, G. K?ECKEl!BEECK (Bel&.um) Curing the ~ccond part of its fbwt rc~u1a.r acaaion, the General kosembly rccoivod a &aft resolution on the crime of genocide, submitted Jointly by the wlop.tS~nu of Cuba; India and I?~XWL (A/FXJR~O). DoclarinG ii1 its resolution of 11 &comber 1346 (96 I) that gcnocidc - a denial 02 the rich-t of oxiotonce of entire hum~angroups - 'was a crime at International law, tho Goiioral Assambly instructed the Economic and Social Council to undortalro the nocooaary studiss with a view to thf: 6ra~i.n~: 'up oi' a drai‘t convention on the crime of;:~enocidc to be submitted to the prosoilt ooosion or the General Assembly. On 28 Mu.~cll l$'/j the Economic and Social Council adopted a rcuolution &oroby it instruck& the. Secretary-General: (a) to undo;.%akc;, with tho assistance of exports in the fields of i;rtornational ra.nd criminal law, the nccossary studios with a view to the drawing up of a drai'f convention in accoi8dancs with the resolution of the General tsaombly; and 04 aftor consultation with the Commit-toe on the Progcssivo DrXulopmcnt; of ~ntornational Law EOQ. its Codification, and, if feasible, the Commission on Human Rights, and af'tor rcfarenco for comments to all Member Governments to submit to the next session -
Reflections on Pearl Harbor Anniversaries Past Roger Dingman University of Southern California
Reflections on Pearl Harbor Anniversaries Past Roger Dingman University of Southern California By any measure, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was one of the decisive events of the twentieth century. For Americans, it was the greatest military disaster in memory-one which set them on the road to becoming the world's greatest military power. For Japanese, the attack was a momentary triumph that marked the beginning of their nation's painful and protracted transition from empire to economic colossus. Thus it is entirely appropriate, more than fifty years after the Pearl Harbor attack, to pause and consider the meaning of that event. One useful way of doing so is to look back on Pearl Harbor anniversaries past. For in public life, no less than in private, anniversaries can tell us where we are; prompt reflections on where we have been; and make us think about where we may be going. Indeed, because they are occa- sions that demand decisions by government officials and media man- agers and prompt responses by ordinary citizens about the relationship between past and present, anniversaries provide valuable insights into the forces that have shaped Japanese-American relations since 1941. On the first Pearl Harbor anniversary in December 1942, Japanese and Americans looked back on the attack in very different ways. In Tokyo, Professor Kamikawa Hikomatsu, one of Japan's most distin- guished historians of international affairs, published a newspaper ar- ticle that defended the attack as a legally and morally justifiable act of self-defense. Surrounded by enemies that exerted unrelenting mili- tary and economic pressure on it, and confronted by an America that refused accommodation through negotiation, Japan had had no choice but to strike.' On Guadalcanal, where they were locked in their first protracted battle against Japanese troops, Americans mounted a "hate shoot" against them to memorialize those who had died at Pearl Har- bor a year earlier.2 In Honolulu, the Advertiser editorial writer urged The ]journal of American-East Asian Relations, Vol. -
Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group
HISTORICAL MATERIALS IN THE DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY OF INTEREST TO THE NAZI WAR CRIMES AND JAPANESE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT RECORDS INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library holds a large quantity of documentation relating to World War II and to the Cold War era. Information relating to war crimes committed by Nazi Germany and by the Japanese Government during World War II can be found widely scattered within the Library’s holdings. The Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group is mandated to identify, locate and, as necessary, declassify records pertaining to war crimes committed by Nazi Germany and Japan. In order to assist the Interagency Working Group in carrying out this mission, the Library staff endeavored to identify historical documentation within its holdings relating to this topic. The staff conducted its search as broadly and as thoroughly as staff time, resources, and intellectual control allowed and prepared this guide to assist interested members of the public in conducting research on documents relating generally to Nazi and Japanese war crimes. The search covered post- war references to such crimes, the use of individuals who may have been involved in such crimes for intelligence or other purposes, and the handling of captured enemy assets. Therefore, while much of the documentation described herein was originated during the years when the United States was involved in World War II (1939 to 1945) one marginal document originated prior to this period can be found and numerous post-war items are also covered, especially materials concerning United States handling of captured German and Japanese assets and correspondence relating to clemency for Japanese soldiers convicted and imprisoned for war crimes. -
Henry S. Smith World War Ii Letters, 1943-1946
Collection # M 0939 HENRY S. SMITH WORLD WORLD WAR II LETTERS, 1943–1946 Collection Information Biographical Sketch Scope and Content Note Series Contents Cataloging Information Processed by Tyler Nowell September 2007 Manuscript and Visual Collections Department William Henry Smith Memorial Library Indiana Historical Society 450 West Ohio Street Indianapolis, IN 46202-3269 www.indianahistory.org COLLECTION INFORMATION VOLUME OF Manuscript Materials: 1 document case COLLECTION: Visual Materials: 8 folders of photographs COLLECTION 1943–1946 (bulk 1944–1946) DATES: PROVENANCE: Charles, Kritsch, Indianapolis, Indiana, August 1999 RESTRICTIONS: None COPYRIGHT: REPRODUCTION Permission to reproduce or publish material in this collection RIGHTS: must be obtained from the Indiana Historical Society. ALTERNATE None FORMATS: RELATED HOLDINGS: ACCESSION 1999.0589 NUMBER: NOTES: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Henry S. Smith was born on February 20, 1914 in Indiana. He married Alice Kritsch sometime in the late 1930s. Smith enlisted in the Unites States Army on March 3, 1944 to fight in World War II. When he enlisted he stated he had four years of high school and that his occupation was as a physical therapy technician or chain store manager. Smith served as a truck driver in C Company of the 136th Ordnance Maintenance Battalion, which was later changed to an Armored Ordnance Maintenance Battalion in April 1945. The battalion was in the 14th Armored Division, which was in the 7th Army for much of the war under General Alexander M. Patch. Late in the war the division was moved to the 3rd Army under General George Patton. Henry Smith was a private until early November 1944. At this time he was promoted to Technician Fifth (T/5), which is equal to a corporal. -
British Responses to the Holocaust
Centre for Holocaust Education British responses to the Insert graphic here use this to Holocaust scale /size your chosen image. Delete after using. Resources RESOURCES 1: A3 COLOUR CARDS, SINGLE-SIDED SOURCE A: March 1939 © The Wiener Library Wiener The © AT FIRST SIGHT… Take a couple of minutes to look at the photograph. What can you see? You might want to think about: 1. Where was the photograph taken? Which country? 2. Who are the people in the photograph? What is their relationship to each other? 3. What is happening in the photograph? Try to back-up your ideas with some evidence from the photograph. Think about how you might answer ‘how can you tell?’ every time you make a statement from the image. SOURCE B: September 1939 ‘We and France are today, in fulfilment of our obligations, going to the aid of Poland, who is so bravely resisting this wicked and unprovoked attack on her people.’ © BBC Archives BBC © AT FIRST SIGHT… Take a couple of minutes to look at the photograph and the extract from the document. What can you see? You might want to think about: 1. The person speaking is British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. What is he saying, and why is he saying it at this time? 2. Does this support the belief that Britain declared war on Germany to save Jews from the Holocaust, or does it suggest other war aims? Try to back-up your ideas with some evidence from the photograph. Think about how you might answer ‘how can you tell?’ every time you make a statement from the sources. -
Film Studies (FILM) 1
Film Studies (FILM) 1 FILM-115 World Cinema 3 Units FILM STUDIES (FILM) 54 hours lecture; 54 hours total This course will survey the historical, social, and artistic development FILM-100 Survey and Appreciation of Film 3 Units of cinema around the globe, introducing a range of international films, 54 hours lecture; 54 hours total movements, and traditions. This course is an introduction to the history and elements of filmmaking Transfers to both UC/CSU such as narrative, mise-en-scene, cinematography, acting, editing, and FILM-117 Director's Cinema 3 Units sound as well as approaches to film criticism. 54 hours lecture; 54 hours total Transfers to both UC/CSU This course examines the historical and artistic career of a seminal FILM-101 Introduction to Film Production 3 Units director in cinema history. Possible subjects include Martin Scorsese, 36 hours lecture; 54 hours lab; 90 hours total Alfred Hitchcock, Francis Ford Coppola, and Woody Allen. This course is designed to introduce you to the creative process Transfers to CSU only of filmmaking. We will study all aspects of production from the FILM-120 Horror Film 3 Units conceptualization of ideas and scripting, to the basic production 54 hours lecture; 54 hours total equipment and their functions, and finally the production and post- This course offers an in-depth examination of the popular horror film production processes. Assignments will emphasize visualization, through an analysis of its historical evolution, major theories, aesthetics shooting style, and production organization. Presentation of ideas in and conventions, and the impact of its role as a reflection of culture both the written word and visual media are integral to the production society. -
2Nd INFANTRY REGIMENT
2nd INFANTRY REGIMENT 1110 pages (approximate) Boxes 1243-1244 The 2nd Infantry Regiment was a component part of the 5th Infantry Division. This Division was activated in 1939 but did not enter combat until it landed on Utah Beach, Normandy, three days after D-Day. For the remainder of the war in Europe the Division participated in numerous operations and engagements of the Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace and Central Europe campaigns. The records of the 2nd Infantry Regiment consist mostly of after action reports and journals which provide detailed accounts of the operations of the Regiment from July 1944 to May 1945. The records also contain correspondence on the early history of the Regiment prior to World War II and to its training activities in the United States prior to entering combat. Of particular importance is a file on the work of the Regiment while serving on occupation duty in Iceland in 1942. CONTAINER LIST Box No. Folder Title 1243 2nd Infantry Regiment Unit Histories January 1943-June 1944 2nd Infantry Regiment Unit Histories, July-October 1944 2nd Infantry Regiment Histories, July 1944- December 1945 2nd Infantry Regiment After Action Reports, July-September 1944 2nd Infantry Regiment After Action Reports, October-December 1944 2nd Infantry Regiment After Action Reports, January-May 1945 2nd Infantry Regiment Casualty List, 1944-1945 2nd Infantry Regiment Unit Journal, 1945 2nd Infantry Regiment Narrative History, October 1944-May 1945 2nd Infantry Regiment History Correspondence, 1934-1936 2nd Infantry -
Third Division World War II Vol One.Pdf
THIRD INFANTRY DIVISION THE VICTORY PATH THROUGH FRANCE AND GERMANY VOLUME ONE 'IVG. WILLIAM MOHR THE VICTORY PATH THROUGH FRANCE AND GERMANY THIRD INFANTRY DIVISION - WORLD WAR II VOLUME ONE A PICTORIAL ACCOUNT BY G. WILLIAM MOHR ABOUT THE COVER There is nothing in front of the Infantry in battle except the enemy. The Infantry leads the way to attack and bears the brunt of the enemy's attack. The primary purpose of the Infan try is to close with the enemy in hand-to-hand fighting. On the side of a house, tommy gunners of this Infantry patrol, 1st Special Service Froce Patrol, one of the many patrols that made possible the present offensive in Italy by feeling out the enemy and discovering his defensive strength, fire from the window of an adjoining building to blast Nazis out. The scene is 400 yards from the enemy lines in the Anzio area, Italy. Fifth Army, 14 April, 1944. The 3rd Infantry Division suffered 27,450 casualties and 4,922 were killed in action. 2 - Yellow Beach, Southern France, August, 1944 3 - Marseilles, France, August, 1944 4 - Montelimar, France, August, 1944 5 - Cavailair, France, August, 1944 6 - Avignon, France, August, 1944 7 - Lacroix, France, August, 1944 8 - Brignolles, France, August, 1944 9 -Aix-En-Provence, France, August, 1944 12 - St. Loup, France, August, 1944 13 - La Coucounde, France, August, 1944 14 - Les Loges Neut, France, August, 1944 15 - Besancon, France, September, 1944 18 - Loue River, Ornans, France, September, 1944 19 - Avonne, France, Septem&er, 1944 20 - Lons Le Sounier, France, September, 1944 21 - Les Belles-Baroques, France, September, 1944 22 - St.