DOCSLIB.ORG

“Run Like a Girl? That's So Gay!” Exploring Homophobic and Sexist

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Run Like a Girl? That's So Gay!” Exploring Homophobic and Sexist “Run Like a Girl? That’s So Gay!” Exploring Homophobic and Sexist Language among Grade 7 and 8 Students in the Toronto District School Board By Steven D. Solomon A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto © Copyright by Steven D. Solomon 2015 Run Like a Girl? That’s So Gay! Exploring Homophobic and Sexist Language among Grade 7 and 8 Students in the Toronto District School Board Steven D. Solomon Doctor of Philosophy Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto 2015 Abstract Homophobic name-calling abounds in schools, especially at the high school level. Driving much of this research is the negative impact of anti-gay language and epithets on lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) identified students, students with LGBT parents and guardians, and students overall. Studies in the US, UK, and Canada report regular use of phrases such as „that‟s so gay‟, „faggot‟, and the word “gay” itself to denote something or someone with little to no value. However, a dearth of research looking at the prevalence of homophobic language at the middle school level exists. Furthermore, there is even less research looking at the relationship between homophobic and sexist language use. Using a mixed methods explanatory sequential design, this three-paper dissertation explored homophobic and sexist language use in middle school, specifically investigating, among other things, how often and under what conditions grade seven and eight students use these types of language. A stratified random sample of middle school students (n=488) completed a survey that included the Homophobic Content Agent Target Scale (HCAT). The ii newly developed Sexist Content Agent Target Scale (S-CAT) explored sexist language. Students reported their frequency of homophobic and sexist language use in five relationship domains including friends, strangers, and antagonists. As well, five focus groups explored more deeply students‟ perceptions and understandings of homophobic and sexist language use at school. A number of important findings were produced including the prevalence of homophobic name-calling prior to high schools as well as the strong association between homophobic and sexist language use. These empirical findings join the literature that has long conceptually linked sexism and homophobia, whereby their interlocking nature manifests in name-calling experiences of middle school students. Students (boys in particular) as either agents or targets of sexist language had increased likelihood of being agents or targets of homophobic language. Given the often contentious nature of anti-homophobia education, the hesitancy of school staff to intervene regularly (even in the presence of this language), the findings presented here suggest anti-sexist education as another means to address homophobic language, thereby contributing to creating and maintaining more positive learning environment for all students. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisory committee for their guidance, support, and patience throughout the dissertation process. I am incredibly grateful to Dean and Professor Dr. Faye Mishna, Chair of my committee, whose support, encouragement and guidance underscore this work and journey. I would also like to thank my committee members Drs. Tahany Gadalla (FIFSW), Peter Newman (FIFSW), and John Portelli (OISE/UT) for their support and for generously sharing their time and expertise. I would also like to thank Dr. Shelley Craig (Internal/External Examiner, FIFSW) and Dr. Lori Messinger (External Examiner, University of North Caroline, Wilmington) for an amazing oral defence experience. I would also like to thank the middle school students in the Toronto District School Board who participated in the study, without whom, this research would not have been possible. I would also like to acknowledge Joanne Daciuk (FIFSW Research Manager) and thank her sincerely for all her help and support. I am also thankful for the friendship and counsel of Dr. Billie Allan whose unfaltering wisdom helped keep me focused on what was important throughout this process. Finally, I would like to recognize my partner of 28 years, Chris for his special contribution to this dissertation process for loving me, keeping me grounded, and always telling me what I need to hear – all that stuff. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables .............................................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. viii List of Appendices ........................................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 The Problem: Homophobic and Sexist Language in Schools ............................................................... 1 Homophobia ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Sexism .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Homophobia, Bullying, and Harassment ........................................................................................... 4 Homophobia and Sexism: A Lesbian Feminist Theoretical Framework ........................................... 12 Specific Aims of the Three Papers ........................................................................................................ 18 Chapter 2: Paper #1: Homophobic Sticks and Sexist Stones: Investigating Homophobic and Sexist Name-Calling among Middle School Students ........................................................................................ 31 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 31 Method ................................................................................................................................................... 34 Sample ................................................................................................................................................ 34 Procedure ........................................................................................................................................... 37 Measures ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Results .................................................................................................................................................... 39 Demographics .................................................................................................................................... 39 Prevalence of homophobic and sexist language use among grade seven and eight students in relation to friends, strangers, and antagonists................................................................................ 41 Relationship between students’ experience with sexist language and their experience with homophobic language ....................................................................................................................... 41 Where and how often in school homophobic and sexist language is heard. ................................ 42 School Staff and Peers: Who is around, and do they intervene? .................................................... 42 Reasons for using homophobic and sexist language and seriousness .......................................... 43 Seriousness of homophobic and sexist language ............................................................................ 44 Homophobia and Sexism by another name ..................................................................................... 44 Factor Analysis – Homophobic Content Agent Target Scale (HCAT) and Sexist Content Agent Target Scale (S-CAT) ......................................................................................................................... 46 Discussion .............................................................................................................................................. 46 v “Friendly” Homophobia .................................................................................................................... 50 Limitations ............................................................................................................................................. 52 Implications ........................................................................................................................................... 54 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 55 References .............................................................................................................................................. 56 Chapter 3: Paper
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transgender Representation on American Narrative Television from 2004-2014
    TRANSJACKING TELEVISION: TRANSGENDER REPRESENTATION ON AMERICAN NARRATIVE TELEVISION FROM 2004-2014 A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Kelly K. Ryan May 2021 Examining Committee Members: Jan Fernback, Advisory Chair, Media and Communication Nancy Morris, Media and Communication Fabienne Darling-Wolf, Media and Communication Ron Becker, External Member, Miami University ABSTRACT This study considers the case of representation of transgender people and issues on American fictional television from 2004 to 2014, a period which represents a steady surge in transgender television characters relative to what came before, and prefigures a more recent burgeoning of transgender characters since 2014. The study thus positions the period of analysis as an historical period in the changing representation of transgender characters. A discourse analysis is employed that not only assesses the way that transgender characters have been represented, but contextualizes American fictional television depictions of transgender people within the broader sociopolitical landscape in which those depictions have emerged and which they likely inform. Television representations and the social milieu in which they are situated are considered as parallel, mutually informing discourses, including the ways in which those representations have been engaged discursively through reviews, news coverage and, in some cases, blogs. ii To Desmond, Oonagh and Eamonn For everything. And to my mother, Elaine Keisling, Who would have read the whole thing. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Throughout the research and writing of this dissertation, I have received a great deal of support and assistance, and therefore offer many thanks. To my Dissertation Chair, Jan Fernback, whose feedback on my writing and continued support and encouragement were invaluable to the completion of this project.
    [Show full text]
  • Curating Precarity. Swedish Queer Film Festivals As Micro-Activism
    Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Uppsala Studies in Media and Communication 16 Curating Precarity Swedish Queer Film Festivals as Micro-Activism SIDDHARTH CHADHA Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Lecture Hall 2, Ekonomikum, Kyrkogårdsgatan 10, Uppsala, Thursday, 15 April 2021 at 13:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Dr. Marijke de Valck (Department of Media and Culture, Utrecht University). Abstract Chadha, S. 2021. Curating Precarity. Swedish Queer Film Festivals as Micro-Activism. Uppsala Studies in Media and Communication 16. 189 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-1145-6. This research is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted at Malmö Queer Film Festival and Cinema Queer Film Festival in Stockholm, between 2017-2019. It explores the relevance of queer film festivals in the lives of LGBTQIA+ persons living in Sweden, and reveals that these festivals are not simply cultural events where films about gender and sexuality are screened, but places through which the political lives of LGBTQIA+ persons become intelligible. The queer film festivals perform highly contextualized and diverse sets of practices to shape the LGBTQIA+ discourse in their particular settings. This thesis focuses on salient features of this engagement: how the queer film festivals define and articulate “queer”, their engagement with space to curate “queerness”, the role of failure and contingency in shaping the queer film festivals as sites of democratic contestations, the performance of inclusivity in the queer film festival organization, and the significance of these events in the lives of the people who work or volunteer at these festivals.
    [Show full text]
  • Not Just Words: Exposure to Homophobic Epithets Leads To
    EJSP RESEARCH ARTICLE Not “just words”: Exposure to homophobic epithets leads to dehumanizing and physical distancing from gay men Fabio Fasoli*, Maria Paola Paladino†,AndreaCarnaghi‡, Jolanda Jetten§, Brock Bastian¶ & Paul G. Bain§,# * Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal † Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy ‡ Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy § School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia ¶ School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia # School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Correspondence Abstract Fabio Fasoli, ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação e Intervenção We examined whether homophobic epithets (e.g., faggot) function as labels of Social, Lisbon, Portugal. deviance for homosexuals that contribute to their dehumanization and phys- E-mail: [email protected]; ical distance. Across two studies, participants were supraliminally (Study 1) [email protected] and subliminally (Study 2) exposed to a homophobic epithet, a category label, or a generic insult. Participants were then asked to associate human- Received: 9 June 2014 related and animal-related words to homosexuals and heterosexuals. Results Accepted: 1 August 2015 showed that after exposure to a homophobic epithet, compared with a cate- gory label or a generic insult, participants associated less human-related http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2148 words with homosexuals, indicating dehumanization. In Study 2, we also Keywords: derogatory labels, deviance, assessed the effect of a homophobic epithet on physical distance from a target dehumanization, homophobia, physical group member and found that homophobic epithets led to greater physical distance distancing of a gay man.
    [Show full text]
  • From Sissy to Sickening: the Indexical Landscape of /S/ in Soma, San Francisco
    From sissy to sickening: the indexical landscape of /s/ in SoMa, San Francisco Jeremy Calder University of Colorado, Boulder [email protected] ABSTRACT: This paper explores the relation between the linguistic and the visual in communicating social meaning and performing gender, focusing on fronted /s/ among a community of drag queens in SoMa, San Francisco. I argue that as orders of indexicality (Silverstein 2003) are established, linguistic features like fronted /s/ become linked with visual bodies. These body-language links can impose top-down restrictions on the uptake of gender performances. Non-normatively gendered individuals like the SoMa queens embody cross-modal figures of personhood (see Agha 2003; Agha 2004) like the fierce queen that forge higher indexical orders and widen the range of performative agency. KEY WORDS: Indexicality, performativity, queer linguistics, gender, drag queens 1 Introduction This paper explores the relation between the linguistic and the visual in communicating social meaning. Specifically, I analyze the roles language and the body play in gender performances (see Butler 1990) among a community of drag queens and queer performance artists in the SoMa neighborhood of San Francisco, California, and what these gender performances illuminate about the ideological connections between language, body, and gender performativity more generally. I focus on fronted /s/, i.e. the articulation of /s/ forward in the mouth, which results in a higher acoustic frequency and has been shown to be ideologically
    [Show full text]
  • Police Department Model Policy on Interactions with Transgender People
    POLICE DEPARTMENT MODEL POLICY ON INTERACTIONS WITH TRANSGENDER PEOPLE National Center for TRANSGENDER EQUALITY This model policy document reflects national best policies and practices for police officers’ interactions with transgender people. The majority of these policies were originally developed by the National LGBT/HIV Criminal Justice Working Group along with a broader set of model policies addressing issues including police sexual misconduct and issues faced by people living with HIV. Specific areas of the original model policy were updated and modified for use as the foundation for NCTE’s publication “Failing to Protect and Serve: Police Department Policies Towards Transgender People,” which also evaluates the policies of the largest 25 police departments in the U.S. This publication contains model language for police department policies, as well as other criteria about policies that should be met for police departments that seek to implement best practices. The larger Working Group’s model policies developed by Andrea J. Ritchie and the National LGBTQ/HIV Criminal Justice Working Group, a coalition of nearly 40 organizations including NCTE, can be found in the appendices of the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) “Gender, Sexuality, and 21st Century Policing” report. While these are presented as model policies, they should be adapted by police departments in collaboration with local transgender leaders to better serve their community. For assistance in policy development and review, please contact Racial and Economic Justice Policy Advocate, Mateo De La Torre, at [email protected] or 202-804-6045, or [email protected] or 202-642-4542. NCTE does not charge for these services.
    [Show full text]
  • LGBT-Parent Families
    LGBT-Parent Families Abbie E. Goldberg • Katherine R. Allen Editors LGBT-Parent Families Innovations in Research and Implications for Practice Editors Abbie E. Goldberg Katherine R. Allen Department of Psychology Department of Human Development Clark University Virginia Polytechnic Institute Worcester , MA, USA and State University Blacksburg , VA , USA ISBN 978-1-4614-4555-5 ISBN 978-1-4614-4556-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4556-2 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012945937 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Living on the Down-Low: Stories
    LIVING ON THE DOWN-LOW: STORIES FROM AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN by PRISCILLA GANN WILSON A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Counselor Education in the Graduate School of the University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2009 Copyright Priscilla Gann Wilson 2009 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT This study examined the lived experiences of African American men who publicly identified as heterosexual, but privately engaged in intimate relationships with other men. These men are identified by several terminologies including Down Low (DL) and men who have sex with men (MSM). Seven men participated in the study which consisted of three audiotaped phone interviews over the course of three months. One of the participants withdrew from the study before his last interview. The participants identified themselves as being African American, over the age of 19, and having lived, or are currently living, on the DL. The participants were interviewed about their experiences including family of origin beliefs about people who were gay, influences in the African American community that shaped their sexual identity construction, their lives on the DL, mental health issues that they may have experienced, and disclosure and non-disclosure of their sexual identity. Phenomenological research methods were used to collect and analyze and data along with the theoretical methodological framework of Critical Race Theory (CRT), which was used as a tool to identify how factors of race, gender, and sexuality play roles in the construction of African American DL and MSM. QSR NVIVO qualitative research software was also used to code categories and identify relationships that resulted from coding the transcripts.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People in Europe and Central Asia
    OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANS AND INTERSEX PEOPLE IN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA FIND THIS REPORT ONLINE: WWW.ILGA-EUROPE.ORG THIS REVIEW COVERS THE PERIOD OF JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2019. Rue du Trône/Troonstraat 60 Brussels B-1050 Belgium Tel.: +32 2 609 54 10 Fax: + 32 2 609 54 19 [email protected] www.ilga-europe.org Design & layout: Maque Studio, www.maque.it ISBN 978-92-95066-11-3 FIND THIS REPORT ONLINE: WWW.ILGA-EUROPE.ORG Co-funded by the Rights Equality and Citizenship (REC) programme 2014-2020 of the European Union This publication has been produced with the financial support of the Rights Equality and Citizenship (REC) programme 2014-2020 of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of ILGA-Europe and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANS, AND INTERSEX PEOPLE COVERING THE PERIOD OF JANUARY TO DECEMBER 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS KAZAKHSTAN INTRODUCTION KOSOVO* A NOTE ON DATA COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION KYRGYZSTAN HIGHLIGHTS, KEY DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS LATVIA INSTITUTIONAL REVIEWS LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA EUROPEAN UNION LUXEMBOURG UNITED NATIONS MALTA COUNCIL OF EUROPE MOLDOVA ORGANISATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE MONACO MONTENEGRO COUNTRY REVIEWS NETHERLANDS ALBANIA NORTH MACEDONIA ANDORRA NORWAY A ARMENIA POLAND AUSTRIA PORTUGAL AZERBAIJAN ROMANIA BELARUS RUSSIA BELGIUM SAN MARINO BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SERBIA BULGARIA SLOVAKIA
    [Show full text]
  • Terminology Packet
    This symbol recognizes that the term is a caution term. This term may be a derogatory term or should be used with caution. Terminology Packet This is a packet full of LGBTQIA+ terminology. This packet was composed from multiple sources and can be found at the end of the packet. *Please note: This is not an exhaustive list of terms. This is a living terminology packet, as it will continue to grow as language expands. This symbol recognizes that the term is a caution term. This term may be a derogatory term or should be used with caution. A/Ace: The abbreviation for asexual. Aesthetic Attraction: Attraction to someone’s appearance without it being romantic or sexual. AFAB/AMAB: Abbreviation for “Assigned Female at Birth/Assigned Male at Birth” Affectionional Orientation: Refers to variations in object of emotional and sexual attraction. The term is preferred by some over "sexual orientation" because it indicates that the feelings and commitments involved are not solely (or even primarily, for some people) sexual. The term stresses the affective emotional component of attractions and relationships, including heterosexual as well as LGBT orientation. Can also be referred to as romantic orientation. AG/Aggressive: See “Stud” Agender: Some agender people would define their identity as not being a man or a woman and other agender people may define their identity as having no gender. Ally: A person who supports and honors sexual diversity, acts accordingly to challenge homophobic, transphobic, heteronormative, and heterosexist remarks and behaviors, and is willing to explore and understand these forms of bias within themself.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lesbian Connection: the Negotiation of Individualism in a Unique Community
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-2004 The Lesbian Connection: The Negotiation of Individualism in a Unique Community Emily E. Lenning Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons Recommended Citation Lenning, Emily E., "The Lesbian Connection: The Negotiation of Individualism in a Unique Community" (2004). Master's Theses. 4108. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4108 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE LESBIAN CONNECTION: THE NEGOTIATION OF INDIVIDUALISM IN A UNIQUE COMMUNITY by Emily E. Lenning A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillmentof the requirements forthe Degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology WesternMichigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2004 Copyright by Emily E. Lenning 2004 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Zoann Snyder, Dr. Paula Brush, and Dr. Susan Caringella-MacDonald for their continued support and patience, and the Lesbian Connection, for allowing me access to their publication. Special thanks to all of the women who have submitted letters and articles to the Lesbian Connection over the past 30 years, for opening my eyes and giving me renewed hope. Emily E. Lenning 11 THE LESBIAN CONNECTION: THE NEGOTIATION OF INDIVIDUALISM IN A UNIQUE COMMUNITY Emily E. Lenning, M.A. WesternMichigan University, 2004 This research explores the issue of how individualism is situated within and expressed through a progressive, alternative, and constitutive community.
    [Show full text]
  • Heterosexual College Students Who Hookup with Same-Sex Partners
    Archives of Sexual Behavior https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1194-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Heterosexual College Students Who Hookup with Same‑Sex Partners Arielle Kuperberg1 · Alicia M. Walker2 Received: 9 December 2016 / Revised: 13 March 2018 / Accepted: 14 March 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Individuals who identify as heterosexual but engage in same-sex sexual behavior fascinate both researchers and the media. We analyzed the Online College Social Life Survey dataset of over 24,000 undergraduate students to examine students whose last hookup was with a same-sex partner (N = 383 men and 312 women). The characteristics of a signifcant minority of these students (12% of men and 25% of women) who labelled their sexual orientation “heterosexual” difered from those who self- identifed as “homosexual,” “bisexual,” or “uncertain.” Diferences among those who identifed as heterosexual included more conservative attitudes, less prior homosexual and more prior heterosexual sexual experience, features of the hookups, and sentiments about the encounter after the fact. Latent class analysis revealed six distinctive “types” of heterosexually identifed students whose last hookup was with a same-sex partner. Three types, comprising 60% of students, could be clas- sifed as mostly private sexual experimentation among those with little prior same-sex experience, including some who did not enjoy the encounter; the other two types in this group enjoyed the encounter, but difered on drunkenness and desire for
    [Show full text]
  • I Think I Might Be Gay Pamphlet
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI The ommittC ee to Eliminate Heterosexism and Gender and Sexuality Center Homophobia 1990 I think I Might be Gay Pamphlet Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cmte-eliminate Recommended Citation "I think I Might be Gay Pamphlet" (1990). The Committee to Eliminate Heterosexism and Homophobia. Paper 182. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cmte-eliminate/182https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cmte-eliminate/182 This Pamphlet is brought to you for free and open access by the Gender and Sexuality Center at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in The ommittC ee to Eliminate Heterosexism and Homophobia by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. • Toll-free Hotlines I think I might You may want to call a hotline to speak to someone about being gay. You may want to be gay . .. call from a phone booth for privacy The people at the hotline will let you talk about your feelings, and will direct you to organiza­ tions that help gay people There may even be a gay youth group in your area. These hotline numbers are accurate as of ;\ugust 1990 and are toll-free from anywhere in the United States. Hotlines sometimes This brochure was written by Kevin Cran­ change If these don't work, try looking in a ston and Cooper Thompson with help from phone book. Most major cities have a lesbian members of BAGLY, Boston Alliance of Gay and gay hotline and Lesbian Youth, Inc r,Jational Lesbian and Gay Hotline: Produced and distributed by The Cam­ 1-800-SOS-GA YS paign to End Homophobia.
    [Show full text]