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The Oder-Neisse Line As Poland's Western Border
Piotr Eberhardt Piotr Eberhardt 2015 88 1 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/ GPol.0007 April 2014 September 2014 Geographia Polonica 2015, Volume 88, Issue 1, pp. 77-105 http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0007 INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES www.igipz.pan.pl www.geographiapolonica.pl THE ODER-NEISSE LINE AS POLAND’S WESTERN BORDER: AS POSTULATED AND MADE A REALITY Piotr Eberhardt Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw: Poland e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article presents the historical and political conditioning leading to the establishment of the contemporary Polish-German border along the ‘Oder-Neisse Line’ (formed by the rivers known in Poland as the Odra and Nysa Łużycka). It is recalled how – at the moment a Polish state first came into being in the 10th century – its western border also followed a course more or less coinciding with these same two rivers. In subsequent cen- turies, the political limits of the Polish and German spheres of influence shifted markedly to the east. However, as a result of the drastic reverse suffered by Nazi Germany, the western border of Poland was re-set at the Oder-Neisse Line. Consideration is given to both the causes and consequences of this far-reaching geopolitical decision taken at the Potsdam Conference by the victorious Three Powers of the USSR, UK and USA. Key words Oder-Neisse Line • western border of Poland • Potsdam Conference • international boundaries Introduction districts – one for each successor – brought the loss, at first periodically and then irrevo- At the end of the 10th century, the Western cably, of the whole of Silesia and of Western border of Poland coincided approximately Pomerania. -
XXIX Danube Conference
XXIX Danube Conference XXIX Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management September 6–8, 2021 ISBN 978-80-7653-017-1 Brno Czech Hydrometeorological Institute Czech National Committee for UNESCO Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme Danube XXIX Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management Conference proceedings Extended abstracts September 6–8, 2021 Brno, Czech Republic Prague 2021 Organized by Under the auspices of Czech National Committee for UNESCO Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme Danube Co-organizers Czech National Committee for Hydrology CREA Hydro & Energy Povodí Moravy Czech Scientific and Technical Water Management Company Technical University of Vienna University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering © Czech Hydrometeorological Institute ISBN 978-80-7653-020-1 2 XXIX Conference of the Danubian Countries, September 6–8, 2021, Brno, the Czech Republic Obsah Introductory word .................................................................................................................... 8 TOPIC 1 DATA: TRADITIONAL & EMERGING, MEASUREMENT, MANAGEMENT & ANALYSIS ............................................................................................ 9 Estimation of design discharges in terms of seasonality and length of time series .......... 10 Veronika Bačová MITKOVÁ Modelling snow water equivalent storage and snowmelt across Europe with a simple degree-day model ........................................................................................... -
House in Carpathians1
Ethnologia Polona, 2014, 35, s. 25-77 Ethnologia Polona, vol. 35: 2014, 25 – 77 PL ISSN 0137 - 4079 HOUSE IN CARPATHIANS1 JIŘÍ LANGER AND HELENA BOČKOVÁ ROŽNOV POD RADHOŠTĚM and BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC INTRODUCTION The problem of the folk culture has always been a great topic for the ethnographers. Since the last century an attention of many explorers from many countries has focused on it. A common interest in finding the answers to the questions of the causes of the specifications of their cultural manifestation in the Carpathians connected them. They seemed to be different from firmly rooted ideas about the typical features of individual nations. Anachronisms provoke everybody who was looking for the originalities of their own national or Slavonic culture. They served to the creating of romantic fanta- sies about the culture in the mountains surviving into the period in which European nations formed. From the point of view of a historian this culture is considered to be very young, having been created before our eyes. Our generation could still study it by the very watching. We know it from autopsy. It differed from neighbouring lower situated areas with the early evolution forms, transferring of their phenomena for long distances, strong penetration and co operation with neighbouring social environments and ethnic heterogeneity. This all enabled people in the mountains to survive even in the worst climatic and social conditions. The principles of the folk culture being thought to be specific for the whole Carpathians touching vast areas of Europe connected fairly different forms of the way of the life from the Balkan to White Russia and from the river Morava (CZ) as far as the coast of the Black Sea. -
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FA IE CU AF LT GR S ATEA DE GEO I IGH ŢIE ETU MARMA ROMÂNIA 5th Edition of the International Conference Rural Space and Local Development Rural Mountain Areas. Experience, Preservation, Trends and Future Challenges The 5th International Conference Rural Space and Local Development Rural Mountain Areas. Experience, Preservation, Trends and Future Challenges CONFERENCE READER July, 18-22, 2012 Sighetu Marmaţiei ROMANIA 1 FA IE CU AF LT GR S ATEA DE GEO I IGH ŢIE ETU MARMA ROMÂNIA 5th Edition of the International Conference Rural Space and Local Development Rural Mountain Areas. Experience, Preservation, Trends and Future Challenges ORGANISERS: Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Geography, Cluj-Napoca Department of Human Geography and Tourism Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Geography, Sighetu Marmaţiei Branch ORGANISING COMMITEE: Professor Dr. Vasile SURD Professor Dr. Dănuţ PETREA Dr. Vasile ZOTIC Dr. Diana-Elena ALEXANDRU Dr. Viorel PUIU Dr. Marin ILIEŞ Dr. Gabriela ILIEŞ Dr. Nicolae HODOR Dr. Mihai HOTEA Dr. Alina SIMION Dr. Nicolae BOAR 2 FA IE CU AF LT GR S ATEA DE GEO I IGH ŢIE ETU MARMA ROMÂNIA 5th Edition of the International Conference Rural Space and Local Development Rural Mountain Areas. Experience, Preservation, Trends and Future Challenges SPONSORS: We express our sincere gratitude to: Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Geography, Cluj-Napoca, ROMANIA Clinicilor Str., No. 5-7, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Tel: +(40)264592214 +(40)264591807 Fax: +(40)264597988 E-mail: [email protected] http://geografie.ubbcluj.ro Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Geography, Sighetu Marmaţiei Branch, ROMANIA Avram Iancu Str., No. -
European Science Review
European science review № 11–12 2014 November-December «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH Vienna 2014 European Sciences review Scientific journal № 11–12 2014 (November-December) ISSN 2310-5577 Editor-in-chief Lucas Koenig, Austria Consulting editors Uwe Eisenberg, Austria Minik Olsen, Sweden International editorial board Melinda Boros, Hungary Miroslavka Murkovič, Slovenia Jana Ilyna, Russia Wu Pan, China Dragan Novak, Croatia Bondarenko Natalia, Russia Dirk Eggers, Germany Yashkova Tatiana, Russia Proofreading Kristin Theissen Cover design Andreas Vogel Additional design Stephan Friedman Editorial office European Science Review “East West” Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, Am Gestade 1 1010 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.ew-a.org European Science Review is an international, German/English/Russian language, peer-reviewed journal. It is published bimonthly with circulation of 1000 copies. The decisive criterion for accepting a manuscript for publication is scientific quality. All research articles published in this jour- nal have undergone a rigorous peer review. Based on initial screening by the editors, each paper is anonymized and reviewed by at least two anonymous referees. Recommending the articles for publishing, the reviewers confirm that in their opinion the submitted article contains important or new scientific results. Instructions for authors Full instructions for manuscript preparation and submission can be found through the “East West” Association GmbH home page at: http://www.ew-a.org. Material disclaimer The opinions expressed in the conference proceedings do not necessarily reflect those of the «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, the editor, the editorial board, or the organization to which the authors are affiliated. -
18Th Century Vistula River Geography in View of Franciszek Florian Czaki’S Maps
QUAESTIONES GEOGRAPHICAE 32(1) • 2013 18TH CENTURY VISTULA RIVER GEOGRAPHY IN VIEW OF FRANCISZEK FLORIAN CZAKI’S MAPS KRZYSZTOF STRZELECKI Institute of Geography and Regional Studies, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland Manuscript received: April 24, 2012 Revised version: February 8, 2013 Krzysztof Strzelecki, 2013. 18th century Vistula river geography in view of Franciszek Florian Czaki’s maps. Quaestiones Geographicae 32(1), Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań, pp. 27–32. 3 figs. DOI 10.2478/qua- geo-2013-0004, ISSN 0137-477X. ABSTRACT. Old maps are proven to be very useful when it comes to solution of the modern research problems and are widely used in various science disciplines connected with specification of mutual relations between elements of the geographical environment. This fact stems from the increased consciousness of unique informa- tion recorded on old maps, which at their time constituted a basis for subsequent cartographical studies. The geographical characteristics of the Vistula river were depicted in a handwritten 12-sheet map made the first half of the 18th century by Franciszek Florian Czaki, a military cartographer. On the basis of his own terrain mapping, Franciszek Florian Czaki succeeded in creation of his work, which was intended to provide an example for the designed, detailed map of Poland, ordered by Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski, the Nowogród voivode, and later by the king Stanisław August Poniatowski. The map was fully based on terrain mapping, which included such details as: settlement, road and water networks, forests, land relief as well as main types of ownership: crown-, church-, and nobility-owned. KEY WORDS: the Vistula, old maps, 18th century, Franciszek Florian Czaki Krzysztof Strzelecki, Institute of Geography and Regional Studies, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 22A, Arciszewskiego St., 76-200 Słupsk, Poland, e-mail: [email protected]. -
Synoptic Climatology of Fog in Selected Locations of Southern Poland (1966–2015) ISSN 2080-7686
Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series, No. 11 (2016): 5–15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgeo-2016-0010 Synoptic climatology of fog in selected locations of southern Poland (1966–2015) ISSN 2080-7686 Ewa Łupikasza, Tadeusz Niedźwiedź University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland Correspondence: Department of Climatology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This paper investigates fog frequency in southern Poland in relation to various topography (concave and convex forms) and atmospheric circulation types. It also discusses long-term variability in the annual and seasonal number of days with fog. Daily information on fog occurrence was tak- en from three high quality synoptic stations representing various landforms: Kraków-Balice (bottom of the hollow), Katowice-Muchowiec (Silesian Upland) and Bielsko-Aleksandrowice (summit of Car- pathian Foothill). In the central part of southern Poland during the last 50 years (1966–2015) fog occurred on average during 53–67 days a year. The annual number of foggy days in Kraków (67 days) located in a structural basin was by 14–15 days higher than in Bielsko (53 days) situated in the Silesian Foothills. In the annual course, high fog occurrence (above 6 days per month) was ob- served from September to January, with the maximum in Kraków (10 days in October). At every sta- tion the monthly minimum of fog occurrence fell in July (2 days). In summer and spring the highest probability of fog occurrence was found on days with anticyclonic types and air advection from the northeastern (Na, NEa) and eastern (Ea, SEa) sectors. -
EAP Task Force
EAP Task Force Document 5 Joint Meeting of the EU Water Initiative’s EECCA Working Group and the EAP Task Force Environmental Finance and Water Networks 29 March –1 April 2005, Chisinau, Moldova Overview of Domestic and International Private Companies Operating in the Water Utilities Sector in Russian Federation Participants are invited to take note of the document and to comment on it as appropriate. ACTION REQUIRED: For information, discussion, and endorsement. TABLE OF CONTENT: USED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS..................................................................3 PREFACE........................................................................................................................4 ANALYTICAL SUMMARY...............................................................................................6 CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE COMPANIES OPERATING IN UTILITIES SECTOR IN RUSSIA..................................19 CHAPTER 2. EXPERIENCE OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE COMPANIES IN IMPLEMENTING SPECIFIC PROJECTS......................................................................28 RUSSIAN UTILITY SYSTEMS....................................................................................................................29 ROSVODOKANAL......................................................................................................................................33 NEW URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE OF PRIKAMYE..................................................................................36 -
109 Since 1961 Paleocene Deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians
since 1961 BALTICA Volume 33 Number 2 December 2020: 109–127 https://doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2020.2.1 Paleocene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians: geological and petrographic characteristics, reservoir properties Halyna Havryshkiv, Natalia Radkovets Havryshkiv, H., Radkovets, N. 2020. Paleocene deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians: geological and petrographic char- acteristics, reservoir properties. Baltica, 33 (2), 109–127. Vilnius. ISSN 0067-3064. Manuscript submitted 27 February 2020 / Accepted 10 August 2020 / Published online 03 Novemver 2020 © Baltica 2020 Abstract. The Paleocene Yamna Formation represents one of the main oil-bearing sequences in the Ukrai- nian part of the Carpathian petroleum province. Major oil accumulations occur in the Boryslav-Pokuttya and Skyba Units of the Ukrainian Carpathians. In the great part of the study area, the Yamna Formation is made up of thick turbiditic sandstone layers functioning as reservoir rocks for oil and gas. The reconstructions of depositional environments of the Paleocene flysch deposits performed based on well log data, lithological and petrographic investigations showed that the terrigenous material was supplied into the sedimentary basin from two sources. One of them was located in the northwest of the study area and was characterized by the predomi- nance of coarse-grained sandy sediments. Debris coming from the source located in its central part showed the predominance of clay muds and fine-grained psammitic material. The peculiarities of the terrigenous material distribution in the Paleocene sequence allowed singling out four areas with the maximum development (> 50% of the total section) of sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. The performed petrographic investigations and the estimation of reservoir properties of the Yamna Formation rocks in these four areas allowed establishing priority directions of further exploration works for hydrocarbons in the study territory. -
Genetic Assessment of the Hucul Horse Breed
Theses of Doctoral (PhD) Dissertation GENETIC ASSESSMENT OF THE HUCUL HORSE BREED Enikő Somogyvári Ph.D. candidate Dissertation supervisor: Dr. Sándor Mihók C.Sc. professor emeritus UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN Doctoral School of Animal Science Debrecen, 2019. 1 Introduction and goals of the doctoral dissertation The subject of the research is the Hucul breed, a unique horse breed of European animal breeding. It is unique not only in its appearance but considering also its region of origin. The breed has its origin in the Northeastern region of Wooded Carpathians, the Hucul, with an east-west length of 200 kilometers and a north-south length of 100 kilometers. Before the First World War, the Hucul region (HUZULEI) situated at the border of three countries, namely, Hungary, Bukovina, and Galicia. The impassable source area of the rivers Tisza, Prut, Cseremosz, and Brodina provided genetic isolation to the breed; the genetic structure of the breed was modified only in a negligible way through immigration. Due to the location of the region Hucul, Hungary has had a bond to the Hucul breed since its existence. Some individuals were also found in the country, at some larger estates. After the peace treaties of the First World War, Hungary bought four Hucul stallions and thirteen Hucul mares from the original Hucul population. These horses, together with some other individuals bought from the larger estates of the country, were accommodated at the military stud farm at Bántapuszta, founded in 1922. Hucul horses bought from Poland were also accommodated at Bántapuszta. Moreover, in 1939, the Hucul breed population of the Stallion Deposit at Turjaremete became the possession of Hungary. -
World Bank Document
_____ /3 /00 714T!hb' / W N' 'C N, 2' "K / 2"' $ / N S '¾ "Ky" 7 N, 2 / '-7. Public Disclosure Authorized Y 7' >2 "2'N < « N N 7" '- "'N7' C. 7. '7"" ¾ 4vY> ;">2; \ 2'$4NN, N)' ' / -. ' ½ 'Wanscarpathian Bio4htersitrIbM 4 ctioni Pe4ect S t * ' C / ' N A "K ' / "'>2 , "14 I / '-<Kr) Public Disclosure Authorized 7 K ,K.t / N -' C? / C, N / <4 / * / ' " K N Public Disclosure Authorized 7¾ 77$ C> 7' N / / '-•1' / ProjectDocument N July1993 >7 A A 4 "C. N - Public Disclosure Authorized / / N. 'N. *C' * ' 7 7 / N 4 V ' '>7 K'> .' C " THS WORLDOANk N N ' 4?' <KX' GEF Docume'ntation The Global Environment F-acility(GEPi assistsdeveloping countries to protect theglobal environment infour areas,:'global, warming, pollution of internationalwaters, destructionofbiodiversity, and depletion ofthe ozone layer. The GEF isjointly implemented, V bytheUnited Nations Development Programme, theUnited Nations Environment Programme, andthe World.Bank. GEF Working Papers - identifiedby the burgundy band on their Govers - provide' generalinformation onthQ Facility's work and miore specific information onmethodological approaches,scientific and technical issues, and policy anid strategic rnatters. GEF Proje-ct Documents - identified,bya green band 7 provide'extendedproject- specificinformation. The impleme-nting agency.responsible foreach project is identifiedby its logoon the cover of the document. Reports by the Chairman - identifiedby a blueband - areprepared by the Off ice of theGEF Administrator in collaboration with fth-'three GEF imple'menting agencies for the biannualParticipants' Meetings. TheGEF Administrator 1818,H Street, NW Washington,DC 20433 USA Telephone:(202) 473-1053 Fax:(202) 477-0551 CURRENCYEQUIVALENT (April 1993) 2,690 Karbovanets(Kb) = US$ 1 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES The metric system is used throughoutthis report. -
A N N E X E S
13255/07 Georgia v. Russia (I) A N N E X E S Annex 1 Summary of documents submitted by the applicant Government I. In their application of 27 March 2007 A. Summary of documents in English and Russian C. Summary of statements of Georgian citizens B. + D. Summary of media coverage of events II. In their observations in reply of 5 May 2008 Summary of documents in Georgian / Russian Annex 2 Summary of documents submitted by the respondent Government I. In their observations of 26 December 2007 . Summary of documents in Russian II. In their additional observations of 23 September 2008 . Summary of documents in Russian Annex 3 Report of 22 January 2007 by the monitoring committee of the Parliamentary Assembly 1 13255/07 Georgia v. Russia (I) Annex 1 I. A. Summary of the documents in English and Russian submitted by the applicant Government in their application of 27 March 2008 number Document type date 1 Summary/Translation The applicant Government submitted the Agreement between Georgia and Russia on the Terms and Rules of the temporary functioning and withdrawal of Russian Military Bases and other military facilities belonging to the Group of Russian Military Forces in Transcaucasia deployed on the Territory of Georgia. The Agreement was drawn up in Russian and Georgian and signed by both parties in Sochi, Russian Federation, on 31 March 2006. number Document type date 2 A. Council of Europe press release 6 October 2006; B. Council of the European Union press release 16-17 October 2006; C. Speech by Ms Benita Ferrero-Waldner, member 25 October 2006 of the European Commission with responsibility for and 6 March 2007 External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy D.