DOCSLIB.ORG

Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies Environmental & Socio-economic Studies DOI: 10.2478/environ-2019-0005 Environ. Socio.-econ. Stud., 2019, 7, 1: 50-58 © 2019 Copyright by University of Silesia in Katowice ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Original article Landscape transformations in the alluvial fan of the River Little Vistula (Mała Wisła) in Poland from the 18th century to the present Jakub Czaja Department of Geographical Environment Reconstruction, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, 60 Będzińska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland E–mail address: [email protected] ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-0328 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Development within the River Little Vistula valley undoubtedly started at the very beginnings of the Polish state. At that stage, human activity focused on finding and adapting sites that were suitable for permanent settlement and also on utilising the resources found in the valley and afforded by the river such as fishing and shipping opportunities. The shape of the River Little Vistula alluvial fan also allowed the construction of numerous canals branching from the river channel, on which mills, fulleries and sawmills were established. The characteristics of the landscape changes which have taken place in the study area have been presented on the basis of analyses of large-scale (1:28,800) topographic maps from the mid-18th and 19th centuries, modern topographic maps and also from visits to the study area (General-Mappa des Merzogthums Ober-Schleisien 1763–1764 and Übersicht der Militar Aufmahme von Mähren und Schlesien, 1839-1840). It was found that landscapes of the River Little Vistula alluvial fan are “landscapes of valleys and plains subject to water accumulation and floods”. Such areas are characterised by the presence of groundwater at low depths and are subject to periodic flooding by river waters, which are rich in mineral substances. Their habitats include riparian forests and flood meadows, which have often been transformed into arable fields. Characteristic types of soils in these areas include alluvial soils and peats, and typical elements of the landscape are water bodies, mainly fish ponds. KEY WORDS: Little Vistula Valley, alluvial fan, human impact, land use changes ARTICLE HISTORY: received 16 July 2018; received in revised form 14 January 2019; accepted 21 January 2019 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The rapid development of industry and urbanisation, referred to as the Industrial Revolution, resulted For many centuries, watercourses have been in river valley development processes intensifying. of interest to settlers and therefore traces of human Many industrial centres were located in river presence can be found in almost every major river valleys and the towns that had existed there for valley. In those areas, villages, settlements and cities hundreds of years expanded. have been situated and also intensive farming has While taking advantage of the benefits provided taken place because valleys offer fertile soil and by rivers both in the past and in the present, rivers provide the water required for domestic and humans have always been aware of the great agricultural purposes. River valley development danger associated with flowing water. Therefore, processes intensified in the 17th century when large since the times of early settlements built on river complexes of fish ponds began to be constructed banks, hydraulic engineering structures were alongside a network of ditches (mill races) that constructed in order to secure sufficient amounts extracted energy from water in order to drive of water in the event of drought or, conversely, the waterwheels of mills, sawmills and fulleries. protect from the devastating effects of floods. 50 This study analyzes the shaping of the Vistula economic losses have been preserved from the alluvial fan and the history of its development 15th and 16th centuries (SZEWCZUK, 1939; GIRGUŚ dating back to the 16th–18th centuries. Based on & STRUPCZEWSKI, 1965). Particularly important detailed topographical maps from the 18th, 19th information was also present in archival drawings, and 20th century, changes in the layout of particular plans and the first topographic maps. Moreover, landscape types are presented. the documents available in archives include expert Although high water stages, especially extreme opinions, plans and permits for the construction ones, have played a decisive role in shaping the of hydraulic engineering structures such as mill river channel and river valley, hydraulic engineering races, ponds, groynes, weirs, etc. Drawings and measures such as regulating and straightening topographic maps from the 18th and 19th centuries the river channel, the construction of weirs, gates, were subjected to cartometric analyses, taking check dams, groynes, etc. have been important into account the errors resulting from both the factors as well. During high water stages, these inaccuracy of the measuring instruments used at structures may initiate erosion and accumulation the time when the map was created and from the processes, in turn causing changes to the shape of control network provided by photographs, the valley and the layout of the surface hydrographic drawing techniques, reproduction, etc. (CZAJA, 2017). network. The construction of large complexes of Detailed verification of maps and plans was also fish ponds has been of considerable importance necessary due to the fact that various units of in shaping the landscape of river valleys. measurement and zero reference levels were used Development within the River Little Vistula in the Austrian Empire during the levelling works valley (Dolina Małej Wisły) undoubtedly started carried out at the time (KONIAS, 1995). at the very beginnings of the Polish state (10-11th). Gauging station measurements in the upper At that stage, human activity focused on finding River Vistula River catchment started in the second and adapting sites that were suitable for permanent half of the 19th century, so starting from that settlement and also on utilising the resources found period, we have fairly accurate information about in the valley and offered by the river such as fishing high water stages and floods. Until the catastrophic and shipping opportunities. The shape of the flood of July 1997, it was believed that the most River Little Vistula alluvial fan also allowed the significant high water stages in terms of both construction of numerous canals branching from wave height and territorial reach were the floods the river channel, on which mills, fulleries and which occurred in August 1813, also in July 1844 sawmills were established. New development and in July 1903 (MEMEL & PREGEL… 1899; FISZER, directions were initiated in the 17th century when 1995). Subsequent significant high water stages the construction of a system of fish ponds began; up occurred in 1816, 1839, 1876, 1925 and 1934 until modern times, these have been a characteristic (CZAJA & RAHMONOV, 2017). In modern times, floods feature of alluvial fan areas. have not resulted in permanent changes to the landscape of the River Vistula alluvial fan. The main 2. Source materials and research methods reason is that the impact of high water stages has been limited by hydraulic engineering A cultural landscape is considered to be a structures such as weirs, groynes and check dams. landscape shaped by man as a result of the Of importance has also been the straightening of development of civilisation and is an evolutionary the river channel and the construction of levees. succession of the natural landscape (MYGA-PIĄTEK, These works were already started at the turn of 2010). In order to assess the extent of natural and the 20th century, but it was only in the 1920s and anthropogenic changes to the landscapes of the 1930s that new structures covered the entire length River Little Vistula alluvial fan, archival materials of the River Vistula channel within its alluvial fan. were mainly used alongside modern topographic The aim of this study was the reconstruction and aerial photographs. Of great value were of changes to the landscape of the River Little descriptions of floods, including deep and long- Vistula alluvial fan from its “base” in the area of lasting low water stages, violent storms and cold Ustroń down to Strumień and Zabłocie in the western and snowy winters. In fact, what was most part of the Oświęcim Basin (Kotlina Oświęcimska) important were the hydrological, geomorphological limited by the Silesian Foothils from the south and economic effects of those events. First reports of and the edge of the Silesian – Cracovian Upland flooding in the upper reach of the River Vistula from the north. The alluvial fan area (study area) date back to the 13th century, and detailed is around 114 km2 and from the late 16th and the descriptions of events which specify the time of early 17th centuries, it was already developed for their occurrence, duration and the magnitude of fish farming purposes. The landscape was dominated 51 by numerous large ponds, which occupied around which form the base of the alluvial fan. The low, 15% of the area by the middle of the 18th century. slightly convex terrace extends northwards like a After large floods,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Oder-Neisse Line As Poland's Western Border
    Piotr Eberhardt Piotr Eberhardt 2015 88 1 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/ GPol.0007 April 2014 September 2014 Geographia Polonica 2015, Volume 88, Issue 1, pp. 77-105 http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0007 INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES www.igipz.pan.pl www.geographiapolonica.pl THE ODER-NEISSE LINE AS POLAND’S WESTERN BORDER: AS POSTULATED AND MADE A REALITY Piotr Eberhardt Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw: Poland e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article presents the historical and political conditioning leading to the establishment of the contemporary Polish-German border along the ‘Oder-Neisse Line’ (formed by the rivers known in Poland as the Odra and Nysa Łużycka). It is recalled how – at the moment a Polish state first came into being in the 10th century – its western border also followed a course more or less coinciding with these same two rivers. In subsequent cen- turies, the political limits of the Polish and German spheres of influence shifted markedly to the east. However, as a result of the drastic reverse suffered by Nazi Germany, the western border of Poland was re-set at the Oder-Neisse Line. Consideration is given to both the causes and consequences of this far-reaching geopolitical decision taken at the Potsdam Conference by the victorious Three Powers of the USSR, UK and USA. Key words Oder-Neisse Line • western border of Poland • Potsdam Conference • international boundaries Introduction districts – one for each successor – brought the loss, at first periodically and then irrevo- At the end of the 10th century, the Western cably, of the whole of Silesia and of Western border of Poland coincided approximately Pomerania.
    [Show full text]
  • 18Th Century Vistula River Geography in View of Franciszek Florian Czaki’S Maps
    QUAESTIONES GEOGRAPHICAE 32(1) • 2013 18TH CENTURY VISTULA RIVER GEOGRAPHY IN VIEW OF FRANCISZEK FLORIAN CZAKI’S MAPS KRZYSZTOF STRZELECKI Institute of Geography and Regional Studies, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland Manuscript received: April 24, 2012 Revised version: February 8, 2013 Krzysztof Strzelecki, 2013. 18th century Vistula river geography in view of Franciszek Florian Czaki’s maps. Quaestiones Geographicae 32(1), Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań, pp. 27–32. 3 figs. DOI 10.2478/qua- geo-2013-0004, ISSN 0137-477X. ABSTRACT. Old maps are proven to be very useful when it comes to solution of the modern research problems and are widely used in various science disciplines connected with specification of mutual relations between elements of the geographical environment. This fact stems from the increased consciousness of unique informa- tion recorded on old maps, which at their time constituted a basis for subsequent cartographical studies. The geographical characteristics of the Vistula river were depicted in a handwritten 12-sheet map made the first half of the 18th century by Franciszek Florian Czaki, a military cartographer. On the basis of his own terrain mapping, Franciszek Florian Czaki succeeded in creation of his work, which was intended to provide an example for the designed, detailed map of Poland, ordered by Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski, the Nowogród voivode, and later by the king Stanisław August Poniatowski. The map was fully based on terrain mapping, which included such details as: settlement, road and water networks, forests, land relief as well as main types of ownership: crown-, church-, and nobility-owned. KEY WORDS: the Vistula, old maps, 18th century, Franciszek Florian Czaki Krzysztof Strzelecki, Institute of Geography and Regional Studies, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 22A, Arciszewskiego St., 76-200 Słupsk, Poland, e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Synoptic Climatology of Fog in Selected Locations of Southern Poland (1966–2015) ISSN 2080-7686
    Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series, No. 11 (2016): 5–15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgeo-2016-0010 Synoptic climatology of fog in selected locations of southern Poland (1966–2015) ISSN 2080-7686 Ewa Łupikasza, Tadeusz Niedźwiedź University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland Correspondence: Department of Climatology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. This paper investigates fog frequency in southern Poland in relation to various topography (concave and convex forms) and atmospheric circulation types. It also discusses long-term variability in the annual and seasonal number of days with fog. Daily information on fog occurrence was tak- en from three high quality synoptic stations representing various landforms: Kraków-Balice (bottom of the hollow), Katowice-Muchowiec (Silesian Upland) and Bielsko-Aleksandrowice (summit of Car- pathian Foothill). In the central part of southern Poland during the last 50 years (1966–2015) fog occurred on average during 53–67 days a year. The annual number of foggy days in Kraków (67 days) located in a structural basin was by 14–15 days higher than in Bielsko (53 days) situated in the Silesian Foothills. In the annual course, high fog occurrence (above 6 days per month) was ob- served from September to January, with the maximum in Kraków (10 days in October). At every sta- tion the monthly minimum of fog occurrence fell in July (2 days). In summer and spring the highest probability of fog occurrence was found on days with anticyclonic types and air advection from the northeastern (Na, NEa) and eastern (Ea, SEa) sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Save II Programme Local Energy Policies in Poland and the Czech
    Save II Programme Local Energy Policies Contract N°4.1031/P/99.355 Local Energy Policies in Poland and the Czech Republic FINAL REPORT June 2001 Energie-Cités | Local Energy Policies in Poland and the Czech Republic – Final report | page 2 June 2001 CONTENTS 1 - REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5 1.1 - Background to the Project 5 1.2 - The Partners in the Project 6 1.3 - The progress of the Project and the revised programme of phases 6 1.4 - The Main Recommendations to the Commission 10 1.5 - Recommendations to the European Union 11 2 – SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS 18 2.1 - General background on the Czech Republic and Poland 18 2.2 - Priority issues for municipalities in each country 20 2.3 - Recommendations to National Governments 22 2.4 - Recommendations to the European Commission 23 2.5 - Areas for cooperation with European Union local authorities 24 LIST OF ANNEXES Annex 1 - Proceedings of Review Meeting in Jablonec, 25th-26th January 2001 Annex 2 - Proceedings of Review Meeting in Bielsko-Biala, 22nd-23rd February 2001 Annex 3 – Meeting in Brussels on 11th May 2001 Energie-Cités | Local Energy Policies in Poland and the Czech Republic – Final report | page 3 June 2001 Energie-Cités | Local Energy Policies in Poland and the Czech Republic – Final report | page 4 June 2001 1 - Report and recommendations 1.1 - Background to the Project This project has prepared a study of the framework for energy management in local authorities in Poland and the Czech Republic with the objective of better: > identifying the current situation, > identifying the opportunities for action both now and in an extended European Union, > identifying the constraints that may hinder full integration of East European municipalities in European Union programmes > improve the integration of municipalities in the countries concerned in pan- European networks of municipalities interested in energy issues.
    [Show full text]
  • 18Th Century Vistula River Geography in View of Franciszek Florian Czaki’S Maps
    QUAESTIONES GEOGRAPHICAE 32(1) • 2013 18TH CENTURY VISTULA RIVER GEOGRAPHY IN VIEW OF FRANCISZEK FLORIAN CZAKI’S MAPS KRZYSZTOF STRZELECKI Institute of Geography and Regional Studies, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland Manuscript received: April 24, 2012 Revised version: February 8, 2013 Krzysztof Strzelecki, 2013. 18th century Vistula river geography in view of Franciszek Florian Czaki’s maps. Quaestiones Geographicae 32(1), Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań, pp. 27–32. 3 figs. DOI 10.2478/qua- geo-2013-0004, ISSN 0137-477X. ABSTRACT. Old maps are proven to be very useful when it comes to solution of the modern research problems and are widely used in various science disciplines connected with specification of mutual relations between elements of the geographical environment. This fact stems from the increased consciousness of unique informa- tion recorded on old maps, which at their time constituted a basis for subsequent cartographical studies. The geographical characteristics of the Vistula river were depicted in a handwritten 12-sheet map made the first half of the 18th century by Franciszek Florian Czaki, a military cartographer. On the basis of his own terrain mapping, Franciszek Florian Czaki succeeded in creation of his work, which was intended to provide an example for the designed, detailed map of Poland, ordered by Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski, the Nowogród voivode, and later by the king Stanisław August Poniatowski. The map was fully based on terrain mapping, which included such details as: settlement, road and water networks, forests, land relief as well as main types of ownership: crown-, church-, and nobility-owned. KEY WORDS: the Vistula, old maps, 18th century, Franciszek Florian Czaki Krzysztof Strzelecki, Institute of Geography and Regional Studies, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 22A, Arciszewskiego St., 76-200 Słupsk, Poland, e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Wybrane Przemiany Geomorfologiczne Mis Zbiorników
    Wybrane przemiany geomorfologiczne mis zbiorników wodnych i ocena zanieczyszczeń osadów zbiornikowych w warunkach zróżnicowanej antropopresji (na przykładzie regionu górnośląsko ‑zagłębiowskiego) NR 3210 Martyna A. Rzętała Wybrane przemiany geomorfologiczne mis zbiorników wodnych i ocena zanieczyszczeń osadów zbiornikowych w warunkach zróżnicowanej antropopresji (na przykładzie regionu górnośląsko ‑zagłębiowskiego) Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego ● Katowice 2014 Redaktor serii: Nauki o Ziemi Mariusz Rzętała Recenzent Adam Łajczak Spis treści 1. Wstęp 7 1.1. Zarys problemu badawczego 7 1.2. Obszar badań 10 1.3. Cele, materiały źródłowe i metody badań 12 2. Geneza oraz cechy morfo ‑ i hydrometryczne zbiorników wodnych 19 3. Uwarunkowania zmian ilościowo ‑jakościowych w morfologii mis zbiorniko‑ wych 27 3.1. Uwarunkowania przyrodnicze 27 3.1.1. Uwarunkowania geologiczne i litologiczne 27 3.1.2. Uwarunkowania geomorfologiczne 34 3.1.3. Uwarunkowania klimatyczne i meteorologiczne 39 3.1.4. Uwarunkowania hydrologiczne 41 3.1.5. Uwarunkowania glebowe i biogeniczne 46 3.2. Uwarunkowania społeczno ‑gospodarcze 51 4. Geomorfologiczne zmiany mis zbiornikowych 61 4.1. Sedymentacja w strefie kontaktu wód rzecznych i zbiornikowych 61 4.2. Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie występowania osadów dennych 69 4.2.1. Miąższość i kubatura osadów 69 4.2.2. Skład mechaniczny osadów 74 4.2.3. Skład i właściwości fizykochemiczne osadów 76 4.3. Modelowanie strefy brzegowej — zapis w osadach i formach terenu 91 4.3.1. Klify 91 4.3.2. Terasy 94 4.3.3. Mikrozatoki 97 4.3.4. Plaże 98 4.3.5. Cyple piaszczyste (kosy) 101 4.3.6. Mierzeje 103 4.3.7. Wały brzegowe 105 4.3.8. Pozostałe rodzaje form brzegowych 108 5 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Forest Vegetation of the Silesian Foothills Zróżnicowanie
    Diversity of forest vegetation of the Silesian Foothills Zróżnicowanie roślinności leśnej Pogórza Śląskiego Wojciech Zarzycki, Zbigniew Wilczek, Magdalena Zarzycka Diversity of forest vegetation of the Silesian Foothills Zróżnicowanie roślinności leśnej Pogórza Śląskiego Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego • Katowice 2019 Editor of the series / Redaktor serii: Biologia Zofia Piotrowska-Seget Referee / Recenzent Jadwiga Anioł-Kwiatkowska Copy editing Krystian Wojcieszuk Proofreading Alicja Barć Technical editing Małgorzata Pleśniar Cover design Tomasz Tomczuk Typesetting Marek Zagniński Copyright © 2019 by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego All rights reserved ISSN 0208-6336 ISBN 978-83-226-3480-6 (print edition) ISBN 978-83-226-3481-3 (electronic edition) Publisher Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego ul. Bankowa 12B, 40-007 Katowice www.wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl e-mail: [email protected] First impression. Printed sheets: 19,25. Publishing sheets: 15,0 plus insert. Offset paper grade III, 90 g Price 44,90 zł (VAT included) Printing and binding: Volumina.pl Daniel Krzanowski ul. Księcia Witolda 7–9, 71­‍063 Szczecin Table of contents Introduction 9 1. Study area 13 1.1. Regionalization 13 1.2. Geology 16 1.3. Geomorphology 18 1.4. Hydrography 19 1.5. Climate 21 1.6. Soils 24 1.7. General characteristics of vegetation 25 2. Methods 28 3. Results with elements of discussion 31 3.1. Systematics of the distinguished communities 31 3.2. Characteristics of the distinguished units 34 3.2.1. Quercus robur-Melampyrum nemorosum community 34 3.2.2. Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae Lohm. 1957 36 3.2.3. Carici remotae-Fraxinetum Koch 1926 ex Faber 1936 38 3.2.4. Alnetum incanae Lüdi 1921 45 3.2.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Přehled Výzkumů
    ARCHEOLOGICKÝ ÚSTAV AKADEMIE VĚD ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY V BRNĚ PŘEHLED VÝZKUMŮ 54-1 BRNO 2013 1 PŘEHLED VÝZKUMŮ Recenzovaný časopis Peer-reviewed journal Ročník 54 Volume 54 Číslo 1 Issue 1 Předseda redakční rady Head of editorial board Pavel Kouřil Redakční rada Herwig Friesinger, Václav Furmánek, Janusz K. Kozlowski, Alexander Ruttkay, Jiří A. Svoboda, Jaroslav Tejral, Ladislav Veliačik Odpovědný redaktor Editor in chief Petr Škrdla Výkonná redakce Assistant Editors Jiří Juchelka, Soňa Klanicová, Šárka Krupičková, Olga Lečbychová, Ladislav Nejman, Rudolf Procházka, Stanislav Stuchlík, Lubomír Šebela Technická redakce, sazba Executive Editors, Typography Alice Del Maschio Software Software Adobe InDesign CS5 Fotografi e na obálce Putna kultury s MMK nalezená v Popůvkách u Brna (okr. Brno-venkov) Cover Photography Moravian Painted Ware culture vessel found at Popůvky u Brna (Dist. of Brno-venkov) Adresa redakce Adress Archeologický ústav AV ČR, Brno, v. v. i. Královopolská 147 612 00 Brno IČ: 68081758 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.arub.cz/prehled-vyzkumu.html Tisk Print Azu design s.r.o. Bayerova 805/40 602 00 Brno ISSN 1211-7250 MK ČR E 18648 Vychází dvakrát ročně Vydáno v Brně roku 2013 Náklad 400 ks Časopis je na seznamu neimpaktovaných recenzovaných periodik vydávaných v ČR. Copyright ©2013 Archeologický ústav AV ČR, Brno, v. v. i. and the authors. 2 Přehled výzkumů 54-1, Brno 2013 MIKUSZOWICE CHERT A LOCAL RAW MATERIAL IN WESTERN POLISH CARPATHIANS GEOLOGY, CHARACTERISTICS, USAGE MIKUŠOVICKÝ ROHOVEC LOKÁLNÍ SUROVINA ZÁPADNÍ ČÁSTI POLSKÝCH KARPAT GEOLOGIE, CHARAKTERISTIKA, UŽITÍ EUGENIUSZ FOLTYN, LEONARD JOCHEMCZYK Abstract This paper presents a defi nition of Mikuszowice chert.
    [Show full text]
  • The Małopolska Way of St James (Sandomierz–Więcławice Stare– Cracow–Szczyrk) Guide Book
    THE BROTHERHOOD OF ST JAMES IN WIĘCŁAWICE STARE THE MAŁOPOLSKA WAY OF ST JAMES (SANDOMIERZ–WIĘCŁAWICE STARE– CRACOW–SZCZYRK) GUIDE BOOK Kazimiera Orzechowska-Kowalska Franciszek Mróz Cracow 2016 1 The founding of the pilgrimage centre in Santiago de Compostela ‘The Lord had said to Abram, “Go from your country, your people and your father’s household to the land I will show you”’ (Gen 12:1). And just like Abraham, every Christian who is a guest in this land journeys throughout his life towards God in ‘Heavenly Jerusalem’. The tradition of going on pilgrimages is part of a European cultural heritage inseparably connected with the Christian religion and particular holy places: Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela, where the relics of St James the Greater are worshipped. The Way of St James began almost two thousand years ago on the banks of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias). As Jesus was walking beside the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers, Simon called Peter and his brother Andrew. They were casting a net into the lake, for they were fishermen. ‘Come, follow me,’ Jesus said, ‘and I will send you out to fish for people’. At once they left their nets and followed him. Going on from there, he saw two other brothers, James son of Zebedee and his brother John. They were in a boat with their father Zebedee, preparing their nets. Jesus called them, and immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him. (Matthew 4:18‒22) Mortal St James The painting in Basilica in Pelplin 2 The path of James the Apostle with Jesus began at that point.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Silesia Vol
    Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of Silesia vol. 5 eds Lucyna Harc, Przemysław Wiszewski, Rościsław Żerelik Online access: http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/publication/78119 Joanna Nowosielska-Sobel, Grzegorz Strauchold, Przemysław Wiszewski Permanent Change. The New Region(s) of Silesia (1945-2015) ed. Przemysław Wiszewski Wrocław 2015 The book was published with funds of the program Cuius regio. Analiza sił spajających i destrukcyjnych w obrębie regionu określających przynależność osób (grup społecznych) oraz spójność społeczną jako zjawisko historyczne / Cuius regio. An analysis of the cohesive and disruptive forces destining the attachment of (groups of) persons to and the cohesion within regions as a historical phenomenon, decision of the Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education No. 832/N-ESF-CORECODE/2010/0. Peer review: Małgorzata Ruchniewicz Translated by: Matthew La Fontaine, Paweł Ausir Dembowski, Anna Lidia Błaszczyk, Piotr Szutt Language proofreading: Matthew La Fontaine, Judson Hamilton © Copyright by Authors and Uniwersytet Wrocławski Cover design: Marcin Fajfruk Typesetting: Aleksandra Kumaszka, Tomasz Kalota ISBN 978-83-942651-2-0 Publishing House eBooki.com.pl ul. Obornicka 37/2 51-113 Wrocław tel.: +48 602 606 508 email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.ebooki.com.pl Table of Contents Przemysław Wiszewski A time of transformation. New Silesia under construction (1945-2015) ............ 9 Joanna Nowosielska-Sobel Administrative changes....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    Acta Mycologica Article ID: 5511 DOI: 10.5586/am.5511 CHECKLIST Publication History Received: 2018-04-07 New Record of Macrofungi for the Accepted: 2020-02-02 Published: 2020-06-02 Mycobiota of the Cieszyn Municipality Handling Editor (Polish Western Carpathians) Including New Anna Kujawa; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Species to Poland Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 1* 2 3 Piotr Chachuła , Marek Fiedor , Ryszard Rutkowski , 9346-2674 Aleksander Dorda4 , Authors Contributions 1Pieniny National Park, Poland MF, RR, AD, and PC material 2Górki Nature Club Association, Poland collection and identifcation, 3Independent researcher, Poland image documentation; PC and 4Cieszyn Town Hall, Poland MF checking the identifcation, writing the manuscript *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Funding The research was privately fnanced. Abstract In this paper, we present the results of mycological research carried out between Competing Interests 2015 and 2018 in the Cieszyn township, in the Silesian Foothills (Outer Western No competing interests have been declared. Carpathians). Te list of 417 species of macrofungi from the Cieszyn area reported in our previous study, has been expanded further by the addition of Copyright Notice 37 taxa found in the current study. Among these, the following deserve special © The Author(s) 2020. This is an attention: fungi that are new to Poland’s mycobiota (six species: Bryoscyphus open access article distributed dicrani, Discina
    [Show full text]
  • 35 Portrety Botaników Polskich
    Wiadomości Botaniczne 55(3/4). 2011 35 PORTRETY BOTANIKÓW POLSKICH PORTRAITS OF POLISH BOTANISTS Adam JASIEWICZ (1928–2001) – systematyk, fi togeograf, fi tosocjolog, absolwent Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, profesor Instytutu Botaniki im. W. Szafera Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie, dyrektor tegoż Instytutu, redaktor Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica, współredaktor i redaktor 3 tomów Flory polskiej, redaktor 3 tomów Flory Polski, członek rad naukowych kilku instytucji naukowych i in. Fotografi a na szczycie Olimpu w Grecji wykonana w 1976 r., fot. A. Jasiewicz jun. Właściciel: Adam Jasiewicz jun. Opracował: Piotr KÖHLER 36 Wiadomości Botaniczne 55(3/4). 2011 Janusz NOWAK (1930–2004) – lichenolog (systematyk, fi tosocjolog i geograf porostów), profesor Instytutu Botaniki im. W. Szafera Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie, organizator zielnika poro- stów w Instytucie Botaniki PAN, długoletni kierownik Zakładu Briologii i Lichenologii Instytutu Botaniki PAN, członek Komisji Biologicznej Oddziału PAN w Krakowie, jeden z najwybitniejszych lichenologów polskich swoich czasów. Zdjęcie o wymiarach 9 × 13 cm. Autor: Hanna Wójciak. Zdjęcie wykonane w Beskidzie Niskim w 1985 r. Właściciel: mgr Barbara Morawska-Nowak. Opracował: Piotr KÖHLER Wiadomości Botaniczne 55(3/4). 2011 37 pasje starszego brata Jerzego kształtowały zamiło- wania przyrodnicze Eligiusza Czosnowskiego od ROZSTANIA OBITUARIES najwcześniejszych lat. Po powrocie z wygnania, kontynuował naukę w gimnazjum handlowym w Poznaniu, które ukończył w 1948 roku, ale WSPOMNIENIE O PROF. DR.
    [Show full text]