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Download This PDF File Acta Mycologica Article ID: 5511 DOI: 10.5586/am.5511 CHECKLIST Publication History Received: 2018-04-07 New Record of Macrofungi for the Accepted: 2020-02-02 Published: 2020-06-02 Mycobiota of the Cieszyn Municipality Handling Editor (Polish Western Carpathians) Including New Anna Kujawa; Institute for Agricultural and Forest Species to Poland Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 1* 2 3 Piotr Chachuła , Marek Fiedor , Ryszard Rutkowski , 9346-2674 Aleksander Dorda4 , Authors Contributions 1Pieniny National Park, Poland MF, RR, AD, and PC material 2Górki Nature Club Association, Poland collection and identifcation, 3Independent researcher, Poland image documentation; PC and 4Cieszyn Town Hall, Poland MF checking the identifcation, writing the manuscript *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Funding The research was privately fnanced. Abstract In this paper, we present the results of mycological research carried out between Competing Interests 2015 and 2018 in the Cieszyn township, in the Silesian Foothills (Outer Western No competing interests have been declared. Carpathians). Te list of 417 species of macrofungi from the Cieszyn area reported in our previous study, has been expanded further by the addition of Copyright Notice 37 taxa found in the current study. Among these, the following deserve special © The Author(s) 2020. This is an attention: fungi that are new to Poland’s mycobiota (six species: Bryoscyphus open access article distributed dicrani, Discina martinii, Elaphomyces aculeatus, Tuber brumale, T. foetidum, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, and Russula cerea), taxa subject to legal protection (four species: Disciotis which permits redistribution, venosa, Grifola frondosa, Mitrophora semilibera, and Sparassis brevipes), as well commercial and noncommercial, as fungi that are rare in Poland, included in national or regional red lists, and provided that the article is in the registers of rare and endangered species (24 species including Amanita properly cited. echinocephala, Arrhenia retiruga, A. spathulata, Catinella olivacea, Elaphomyces maculatus, Hygrophorus discoxanthus, Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza, Pluteus diettrichii, Tuber aestivum, and T. fulgens). Tis paper presents the distribution and location of 32 species of fungi along with a short description and illustration of the macro- and micromorphological features of select species and their habitats. Keywords Ascomycota; Basidiomycota; hypogeous fungi; mycorrhizal fungi; parasitic fungi; saprotrophic fungi 1. Introduction Information about the various species of macrofungi that exist in the Cieszyn township should be considered relatively comprehensive. Between 2013 and 2015, the authors of this paper carried out extensive research in the area, which resulted in the inventarization of 417 species of fungi that grow in the administrative limits of the municipality (Chachuła et al., 2015). As a result of continued mycological exploration of the area in the following years, additional 37 species of fungi have been found. Among these are fungi that are protected and rare in Poland as well as species hitherto not reported in Poland. Te article presents detailed description about their localities and ecology. 2. Material and Methods Te materials presented originate from the mycological collection and observation carried out in the Cieszyn area (within its administrative borders) (Figure 1) Acta Mycologica / 2020 / Volume 55 / Issue 1 / Article 5511 Publisher: Polish Botanical Society 1 Chachuła et al. / Macrofungi of Cieszyn Municipality, Poland Figure 1 Map of Cieszyn municipality area. A – forests and tree stands; B – farmlands; C – meadows, pastures, orchards, and allotments; D – urbanized areas (industrial, service, and residential buildings); E – areal form of nature protection; F – surface water (streams, rivers, and ponds); G – railway; H – roads; I – commune border: 1 – “Kopce” nature reserve; 2 – “Lasek Miejski nad Olzą” nature reserve; 3 – “Lasek Miejski nad Puńcówką” nature reserve; 4 – “Cieszyńskie Pogórze” protected landscape area; 5 – documentation standout of teschenite opencast at Kręta Street; 6 – “Łąki na Kopcach” ecological use; 7 – “Łęg nad Puńcówką” ecological use; 8 – “Bluszcze na Górze Zamkowej” nature and landscape complex; 9 – “Lasek Miejski w Błogocicach” nature and landscape complex. between 2015 and 2018. Mycological material was examined with a PZO (Polskie Zakłady Optyczne, Warsaw, Poland) Biolar light microscope with Nomarski interference contrast (NIC) and digital camera Delta Optical (Delta Optical, Warsaw, Poland) DLT-Cam PRO 10 MP (Figure 4A,E,F,H–J). Microscopic images (Figure 4B–D,G) were captured with an AxioScope A1 light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) equipped with DIC system and digital camera AxioCam MRc5 in the Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Microscopic slides were prepared from the dried fruiting bodies. For the new species of the Polish mycobiota, the measurements were made using 30 samples (n = 30) for each characteristic structure (including spores, spines, asci, and cystyds). Acta Mycologica / 2020 / Volume 55 / Issue 1 / Article 5511 Publisher: Polish Botanical Society 2 Chachuła et al. / Macrofungi of Cieszyn Municipality, Poland Spores were measured in side view, and without ornamentation and hilar appendix. Melzer’s reagent, Congo red solution (in ammonia), and cotton blue solution (in water) were used for staining for observation of the micromorphological characters (Clemençon, 2009). Identifcation of the species was made according to mycological keys (Hansen & Knudsen, 2000; Knudsen & Vesterholt, 2008; Montecchi & Sarasini, 2000). Nomenclature of the taxa followed the Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org/). Te specimen of Pluteus ephebeus was additionally identifed using molecular methods at the Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków. Te species are presented in alphabetical order, according to the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. When a taxon is subject to species protection (Regulation of the Minister of Environment, 2014) or included in the red list of macrofungi endangered in Poland (Wojewoda & Ławrynowicz, 2006) and in Polish Carpathians (Wojewoda, 1991), a square bracket with appropriate labeling follows the species name. It should be noted that the information on the occurrence included in the GREJ register (Kujawa et al., 2018), literature database (Kujawa, 2018), and in the checklists (Chmiel, 2006; Wojewoda, 2003) were also considered. Te description of localities include information about the localization including ATPOL squares (Komsta, 2016), habitat conditions including substrate or potential ectomycorrhizal plant partners observed in their surroundings, the number of fruiting bodies found, the date of observation, and individuals that collected and identifed the specimens. Te herbarium materials were deposited at the Jagiellonian University Herbarium in Kraków (KRA), as well as in P. Chachuła’s private collection (PCh). In the case of rare hypogeous fungi, the authors have chosen not to provide more detailed information about the site/location of the species to protect and conserve the species. Te municipality of Cieszyn is situated in the western part of the Silesian Voivodeship. It covers an area of ca. 2,861 ha. According to the physicogeographical division of Poland (Kondracki, 2002) the municipality of Cieszyn belongs to the Cieszyn Foothills, which is the westernmost part of the Silesian Foothills mezoregion, and in turn a part of the Western Beskidian Foothills in the Outer Western Carpathians. Geologically, the area is located within two unit – the Podśląska Nappe (in small part) and the Cieszyn Nappe. Te latter consists mainly of the lower and upper Cieszyn schists divided by layers of Cieszyn limestone. In these layers, teschenites – intrusions of igneous rock – can also be found. In the hilly areas, the rock waste of Cieszyn Nappe form silty clay, roughing clay, sand, gravel, and loess. In the river valleys, coarse-grained gravels covered with alluvial mud soil, minerals, and organic mules may be found (Kasprowska & Ciborowski, 2010). Upland and hilly landscape dominates the topography of Cieszyn, 80% of which is covered by synanthropic systems (urban areas, farmlands, wastelands, and green areas). Relatively small areas, occupying less than 12% of the township, are overgrown with dispersed forest complexes and other wooded areas. In terms of composition, the forests comprise of pockets of fertile carpathian beech forests (Figure 2A), oak-hornbeam forests, riverside riparian ash-alder forests, and piedmont riparian ash forests. Less than 8% of the township area is occupied by meadows and pastures. 3. Results During the mycological research conducted in the Cieszyn area between 2015 and 2018, 38 species of macrofungi were found, of which 37 had not been reported previously from the area. One species – Calvatia gigantea – was mentioned in the literature (Kujawa & Gierczyk, 2011), but its presence was not confrmed during the comprehensive mycological research carried out previously in this area between 2013 and 2015 (Chachuła et al., 2015). Of the 38 fungal species, 15 belonged to the phylum Ascomycota and 23 to Basidiomycota. Of special interest are taxa not reported in Poland (six species), fungi subject to legal protection (four species), as well as rare taxa included in national or regional red lists and in the
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