DOCSLIB.ORG

Isolation, Propagation and Rapid Molecular Detection

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

University of Alberta Enhanced Revegetation and Reclamation of Oil Sand Disturbed Land Using Mycorrhizae. By Nnenna Esther Onwuchekwa A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Land Reclamation and Remediation Department of Renewable Resources © Nnenna Esther Onwuchekwa Spring 2012 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-90260-8 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-90260-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privée, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont été enlevés de thesis. cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. ABSTRACT This study examined the potential of using conifer seedlings Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana inoculated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi to improve revegetation success and plant establishment in reclaimed oil sands mining sites. Mycorrhizal inoculum potential of the reclamation soils was low with the maximum inoculum potential of 23% and 29%for ECM and arbuscular mycorrhizae, respectively. The response of seedlings in the field to ECM inoculation varied between plant species and measured parameters. A significant effect of ECM inoculation on height was observed in P. banksiana but not in P. glauca. The average survival rate for P. glauca seedlings inoculated with different species of ECM varied between 36% and 56%, whereas the control (uninoculated) seedlings had minimum and maximum survival rates of 22 and 41% respectively. Generally, it was construed that the re-introduction of mycorrhizal fungi during reclamation process is an important approach that should be further exploited. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisor Janusz Zwiazek whose thorough guidance, corrections and objective criticisms contributed to the improvement of my research and writing skills. Above all I appreciate him for accepting me as a graduate student under his supervision for which this thesis completion would not be realized. My sincere appreciation goes also to Dr. Ali Quoreshi for his unending efforts and guidance during my field work. Indeed, you became not only a mentor but a friend. My profound gratitude goes to Suncor Energy, Inc. for providing the funds for this project. To Francis Salifu who made sure we had all the necessary help on site as well as other Suncor Staff, your assistance was greatly valued. Charles Greer (NRC Montreal), Alain Atangana (U of A), Rasheed Adeleke (South Africa) and Gaetan Daigle (U of Laval), their involvement is gratefully acknowledged. Many thanks to my Lab colleagues who gave suggestions during lab meetings or experiments, your comments were appreciated. I am indeed very thankful to my supervisory committee, Scott Chang and Damase Khasa whose academic inputs improved the quality of the thesis. Great thanks to the University of Alberta, University of Laval, 2020Seedlab and Symbiotech for the in-kind support provided in the course of this degree. Also, to my friends Ayoola, Christelle, Godwin, Adaku, Uche etc in Edmonton and family members : Mum, Nkechi, Linda and Emeka Ike in Nigeria and Ontario, the moral support, fun and laughter we shared was indeed heart- warming. Finally, to my husband Kingsley Onwuchekwa and Son Israel who supported me and took time out to enable me focus during the final stages of the thesis, I love you and you are intensely appreciated. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................ - 1 - 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2 Oil Sands mining ............................................................................................................. - 1 - 1.3 Oil Sands reclamation and revegetation ......................................................................... - 4 - 1.4 Application of mycorrhizal biotechnology in reclamation ............................................. - 6 - 1.4.1 Mycorrhizas and benefits .............................................................................................. - 6 - 1.4.2 Possible factors that can affect mycorrhizal establishment in reclamation ....................... - 9 - 1.4.3 Reclamation of disturbed lands using ectomycorrihzal fungi .......................................... - 9 - 1.5 Ectomycorrhizal fungi and their eological importance .................................................- 17 - 1.6 Mycorrhizal research application in Canada ................................................................- 17 - 1.7 Motivation for the study ................................................................................................- 22 - 1.8 Objectives and thesis structure ......................................................................................- 22 - 1.9 Literature cited ..............................................................................................................- 23 - 2 MYCORRHIZAL INOCULUM STATUS OF RECLAMATION SOIL SUBSTRATES FROM THE ATHABASCA OIL SANDS REGION .............. - 35 - 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................- 35 - 2.2 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................................- 37 - 2.2.1 Soil Substrate ...............................................................................................................- 37 - 2.2.2 Seedling Preparation ....................................................................................................- 37 - 2.2.3 Bioassay Setup.............................................................................................................- 38 - 2.2.4 Morphological description and molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi .........- 39 - 2.2.5 Data Analysis ..............................................................................................................- 40 - 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................- 41 - 2.3.1 Seedling growth ...........................................................................................................- 41 - 2.3.2 Morphotyping and mycorrhizal status ...........................................................................- 42 - 2.4 Discussion .......................................................................................................................- 45 - 2.5 Literature cited ..............................................................................................................- 48 - 3 ECTOMYCORRHIZAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: AN APPLICATION TO ENHANCED REVEGETATION AND RECLAMATION OF OIL SANDS DISTURBED LANDS. ...................................................................................... - 54 - 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................- 54 - 3.2 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................................- 57 -
Recommended publications
  • Diversity and Phylogeny of Suillus (Suillaceae; Boletales; Basidiomycota) from Coniferous Forests of Pakistan

    Diversity and Phylogeny of Suillus (Suillaceae; Boletales; Basidiomycota) from Coniferous Forests of Pakistan

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–9596 13–870/2014/16–3–489–497 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Diversity and Phylogeny of Suillus (Suillaceae; Boletales; Basidiomycota) from Coniferous Forests of Pakistan Samina Sarwar * and Abdul Nasir Khalid Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54950, Pakistan *For correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Suillus (Boletales; Basidiomycota) is an ectomycorrhizal genus, generally associated with Pinaceae. Coniferous forests of Pakistan are rich in mycodiversity and Suillus species are found as early appearing fungi in the vicinity of conifers. This study reports the diversity of Suillus collected during a period of three (3) years (2008-2011). From 32 basidiomata of Suillus collected, 12 species of this genus were identified. These basidiomata were characterized morphologically, and phylogenetically by amplifying and sequencing the ITS region of rDNA. © 2014 Friends Science Publishers Keywords: Moist temperate forests; PCR; rDNA; Ectomycorrhizae Introduction adequate temperature make the environment suitable for the growth of mushrooms in these forests. Suillus (Suillaceae, Basidiomycota, Boletales ) forms This paper described the diversity of Suillus (Boletes, ectomycorrhizal associations mostly with members of the Fungi) with the help of the anatomical, morphological and Pinaceae and is characterized by having slimy caps, genetic analyses as little knowledge is available from forests glandular dots on the stipe, large pore openings that are in Pakistan. often arranged radially and a partial veil that leaves a ring or tissue hanging from the cap margin (Kuo, 2004). This genus Materials and Methods is mostly distributed in northern temperate locations, although some species have been reported in the southern Sporocarp Collection hemisphere as well (Kirk et al ., 2008).
  • Fungal Community Structural and Functional Responses to Disturbances in a North Temperate Forest

    Fungal Community Structural and Functional Responses to Disturbances in a North Temperate Forest

    Fungal Community Structural and Functional Responses to Disturbances in a North Temperate Forest By Buck Tanner Castillo A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) in The University of Michigan 2020 Doctoral Committee: Professor Timothy Y. James, Co-Chair Professor Knute J. Nadelhoffer, Co-Chair Associate Professor Vincent Denef Professor Donald R. Zak Buck T. Castillo [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5426-3821 ©Buck T. Castillo 2020 Dedication To my mother: Melinda Kathryn Fry For always instilling in me a sense of wonder and curiosity. For all the adventures down dirt roads and imaginations of centuries past. For all your love, Thank you. ii Acknowledgements Many people have guided, encouraged and inspired me throughout this process. I am eternally grateful for this network of support. First, I must thank my advisors, Knute and Tim for all of the excellent advice, unfaltering confidence, and high expectations they continually provided and set for me. My committee members, Don Zak and Vincent Denef, have been fantastic sources of insight, inspiration, and encouragement. Thank you all so much for your time, knowledge, and most of all for always making me believe in myself. A special thanks to two incredible researchers that were always great mentors who became even better friends: Luke Nave and Jim Le Moine. Jim Le Moine has taught me so much about being a critical thinker and was always more than generous with his time, insight, and advice. Thank you, Jim, for midnight walks through bugcamp and full bowls of delicious popping corn.
  • Volatile Composition of Clitocybe Amoenolens , Tricholoma Caligatum

    Volatile Composition of Clitocybe Amoenolens , Tricholoma Caligatum

    Cryptogamie,Mycologie, 2006, 27 (1): 45-55 © 2006 Adac. Tous droits réservés Volatile composition of Clitocybe amoenolens, Tricholoma caligatum and Hebeloma radicosum Françoise FONSa,Sylvie RAPIORb*,Alain FRUCHIERc, Philippe SAVIUCd &Jean-Marie BESSIÈREe aLaboratoire de Botanique et Mycologie, Faculté de Pharmacie de Nancy / UMR - CNRS 7137 LIMOS, Université Nancy 1, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP 239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy,France [email protected] bLaboratoire de Botanique,Phytochimie et Mycologie / UMR - CNRS 5175 CEFE, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles-Flahault, Université Montpellier I, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5,France [email protected] cLaboratoire de Chimie Organique, UMR 5076, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5,France [email protected] dUnité de Toxicologie Clinique et Toxicovigilance, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9,France [email protected] eEcole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5,France [email protected] Abstract – The volatile extracts composition of fresh Clitocybe amoenolens, Tricholoma caligatum and Hebeloma radicosum were analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Twenty-one, sixteen and twenty-three components were identified, respectively. Methyl-(E)-cinnamate was found in the three analysed mushrooms at various amounts. Methyl-(E)-cinnamate and methyl-benzoate as well as (E)-nerolidol and methyl- anthranilate were the key odorants of C. amoenolens floral odor. Combined methyl-(E)- cinnamate and indole derivatives should largely contribute to the complex floral odor of T. caligatum with a nauseous note when aged; the latter volatiles could be of chemotaxonomic interest for the genus Tricholoma.
  • Species List for Arizona Mushroom Society White Mountains Foray August 11-13, 2016

    Species List for Arizona Mushroom Society White Mountains Foray August 11-13, 2016

    Species List for Arizona Mushroom Society White Mountains Foray August 11-13, 2016 **Agaricus sylvicola grp (woodland Agaricus, possibly A. chionodermus, slight yellowing, no bulb, almond odor) Agaricus semotus Albatrellus ovinus (orange brown frequently cracked cap, white pores) **Albatrellus sp. (smooth gray cap, tiny white pores) **Amanita muscaria supsp. flavivolvata (red cap with yellow warts) **Amanita muscaria var. guessowii aka Amanita chrysoblema (yellow cap with white warts) **Amanita “stannea” (tin cap grisette) **Amanita fulva grp.(tawny grisette, possibly A. “nishidae”) **Amanita gemmata grp. Amanita pantherina multisquamosa **Amanita rubescens grp. (all parts reddening) **Amanita section Amanita (ring and bulb, orange staining volval sac) Amanita section Caesare (prov. name Amanita cochiseana) Amanita section Lepidella (limbatulae) **Amanita section Vaginatae (golden grisette) Amanita umbrinolenta grp. (slender, ringed cap grisette) **Armillaria solidipes (honey mushroom) Artomyces pyxidatus (whitish coral on wood with crown tips) *Ascomycota (tiny, grayish/white granular cups on wood) **Auricularia Americana (wood ear) Auriscalpium vulgare Bisporella citrina (bright yellow cups on wood) Boletus barrowsii (white king bolete) Boletus edulis group Boletus rubriceps (red king bolete) Calyptella capula (white fairy lanterns on wood) **Cantharellus sp. (pink tinge to cap, possibly C. roseocanus) **Catathelesma imperiale Chalciporus piperatus Clavariadelphus ligula Clitocybe flavida aka Lepista flavida **Coltrichia sp. Coprinellus
  • Long-Term Preservation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

    Long-Term Preservation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

    Université catholique de Louvain Faculté d’ingénierie biologique, agronomique et environnementale Earth and Life Institute Pole of Applied Microbiology (ELIM) Laboratory of Mycology Long-term preservation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Thèse de doctorat présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique Ismahen Lalaymia Promoteurs: Prof. Stéphane Declerck (UCL, Belgique) Dr. Sylvie Cranenbrouck (UCL, Belgique) 2013 Université catholique de Louvain Faculté d’ingénierie biologique, agronomique et environnementale Earth and Life Institute Pole of Applied Microbiology (ELIM) Laboratory of Mycology Long-term preservation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Thèse de doctorat présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique Ismahen Lalaymia Promoteurs : Prof. S. Declerck (UCL, Belgique) Dr. S. Cranenbrouck (UCL, Belgique) Membres du Jury : Prof. Y. Larondelle (UCL, Belgique), Président Prof. A. Legreve (UCL, Belgique) Prof. P. de Vos (UGent, Belgique) Dr. B. Panis (KUL, Belgique) Louvain-La-Neuve, 2013 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my promoter, Professor Stéphane Declerck, for the opportunity he gave me to accomplish this PhD. Thank you for guidance, enthusiastic supervision, your confidence in me and the useful critiques of this research work. I am grateful to Dr. Sylvie Cranenbrouck. Thank you Sylvie for your continuous encouragements and for the numerous stimulating discussions. Without your knowledge and help this study would not have been successful. I am thankful to the European Community for financing of the VALORAM project and for providing the financial means and laboratory facilities to complete this project. Thanks are also addressed to the people involved in the VALORAM project.
  • MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By

    MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By

    MUSHROOMS OF THE OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled by Dana L. Richter, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI for Ottawa National Forest, Ironwood, MI March, 2011 Introduction There are many thousands of fungi in the Ottawa National Forest filling every possible niche imaginable. A remarkable feature of the fungi is that they are ubiquitous! The mushroom is the large spore-producing structure made by certain fungi. Only a relatively small number of all the fungi in the Ottawa forest ecosystem make mushrooms. Some are distinctive and easily identifiable, while others are cryptic and require microscopic and chemical analyses to accurately name. This is a list of some of the most common and obvious mushrooms that can be found in the Ottawa National Forest, including a few that are uncommon or relatively rare. The mushrooms considered here are within the phyla Ascomycetes – the morel and cup fungi, and Basidiomycetes – the toadstool and shelf-like fungi. There are perhaps 2000 to 3000 mushrooms in the Ottawa, and this is simply a guess, since many species have yet to be discovered or named. This number is based on lists of fungi compiled in areas such as the Huron Mountains of northern Michigan (Richter 2008) and in the state of Wisconsin (Parker 2006). The list contains 227 species from several authoritative sources and from the author’s experience teaching, studying and collecting mushrooms in the northern Great Lakes States for the past thirty years. Although comments on edibility of certain species are given, the author neither endorses nor encourages the eating of wild mushrooms except with extreme caution and with the awareness that some mushrooms may cause life-threatening illness or even death.
  • Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic

    Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic

    Fungal Diversity Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic Beatriz Ortiz-Santana1*, D. Jean Lodge2, Timothy J. Baroni3 and Ernst E. Both4 1Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-FS, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2398, USA 2Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, USDA-FS, PO Box 1377, Luquillo, Puerto Rico 00773-1377, USA 3Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 2000, SUNY-College at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045, USA 4Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, New York 14211, USA Ortiz-Santana, B., Lodge, D.J., Baroni, T.J. and Both, E.E. (2007). Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic. Fungal Diversity 27: 247-416. This paper presents results of surveys of stipitate-pileate Boletales in Belize and the Dominican Republic. A key to the Boletales from Belize and the Dominican Republic is provided, followed by descriptions, drawings of the micro-structures and photographs of each identified species. Approximately 456 collections from Belize and 222 from the Dominican Republic were studied comprising 58 species of boletes, greatly augmenting the knowledge of the diversity of this group in the Caribbean Basin. A total of 52 species in 14 genera were identified from Belize, including 14 new species. Twenty-nine of the previously described species are new records for Belize and 11 are new for Central America. In the Dominican Republic, 14 species in 7 genera were found, including 4 new species, with one of these new species also occurring in Belize, i.e. Retiboletus vinaceipes. Only one of the previously described species found in the Dominican Republic is a new record for Hispaniola and the Caribbean.
  • Field Key to the Boletes of California

    Field Key to the Boletes of California

    Field Key to the Boletes of California Key to the Genera of Boletes 1. Tubes typically disoriented and irregularly arranged; spore deposit not obtainable ........ Gastroboletus 1. Tubes more or less vertically oriented and orderly arranged; spore deposit usually readily obtainable ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Basidiocarps small (4‐7 cm); tubes white when young, becoming bright yellow at maturity; spore deposit yellow; stipe typically hollow in the basal portion with age ...................................... ........................................................................................................................ Gyroporus castaneus 2. Basidiocarps typically larger; tubes yellow when young, or if white at first, then not bright yellow with age; spore deposit olivaceous to brown to reddish brown or flesh or vinaceous color; stipe usually not hollow ........................................................................................................ 3 3. Basidiocarp with a conspicuous, cottony, bright yellow veil (be sure to check young specimens) .......... ................................................................................................................................ Pulveroboletus ravenelii 3. Basidiocarps lacking such a veil ............................................................................................................... 4 4. Spore deposit flesh
  • A Samoan Hebeloma with Phylogenetic Ties to the Western Pacific

    A Samoan Hebeloma with Phylogenetic Ties to the Western Pacific

    In Press at Mycologia, preliminary version published on October 31, 2014 as doi:10.3852/14-047 Short title: Samoan Hebeloma A Samoan Hebeloma with phylogenetic ties to the western Pacific Bradley R. Kropp1 Biology Department 5305 Old Main Hall, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84341 Abstract: Hebeloma ifeleletorum is described as a new species from American Samoa. Based on analyses of ITS and combined nLSU-ITS datasets H. ifeleletorum clusters with but is distinct from described species that have been placed in the genus Anamika by some. The phylogenetic relationship of H. ifeleletorum to the genus Anamika from Asia and to other species from Australia and New Caledonia suggests that H. ifeleletorum has origins in the western Pacific. Key words: Agaricales, Anamika, biogeography, Oceania, South Pacific INTRODUCTION The islands of the South Pacific have received scant attention from mycologists. At first glance, these islands seems too small to harbor much fungal diversity. Whereas that might be true for many of the tiny atolls scattered across the Pacific, some of the larger volcanic islands like those of the Samoan Archipelago hold unique and diverse plant communities. As a consequence they potentially also hold diverse fungal communities (Whistler 1992, 1994; Hawksworth 2001; Schmit and Mueller 2007). Thus far some familiar and widespread agarics such as Chlorophyllum molybdites are known from American Samoa along with one recently described species of Inocybe and another new species of Moniliophthora (Kropp and Albee-Scott 2010, 2012). Other than that, the Samoan mycobiota is poorly known and more undescribed species probably will be be uncovered as work on the material collected in these islands continues.
  • Exploring Mycorrhizal Fungi in Walnut with a Focus on Physiological Roles

    Exploring Mycorrhizal Fungi in Walnut with a Focus on Physiological Roles

    MA W-Y et al . (2021) Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Volume 49, Issue 2, Article number 12363 Notulae Botanicae Horti AcademicPres DOI:10.15835/nbha49212363 Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Re view Article Exploring mycorrhizal fungi in walnut with a focus on physiological roles Wen-Ya MA1, Qiang-Sheng WU1,4 *, Yong-Jie XU 2,3 *, Kamil KUČA 4 1Yangtze University, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; [email protected]; [email protected] (* corresponding author) 2Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; 3Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China; [email protected] (* corresponding author) 4University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic; [email protected] Abstract Walnuts are an economically important forest tree used for timber and nut production, and the nut of fruits is rich in various nutrients, becoming one of the four important nuts in the world. Walnuts have deep roots, which can be colonized by either ectomycorrhizal fungi or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil. These mycorrhizal fungi form beneficial symbioses in roots of walnut. A large number of ectomycorrhizal fungi have been identified, whilst Boletus edulis , Calvatia uiacina , and Cantharelles cibarius isolated from walnut orchards stimulated plant growth and gave the capacity of stress tolerance in walnut. Moreover, Carya illinoensis is a very good host plant for commercial production of truffles, especially Tuber indicum . In addition, ectomycorrhizal fungi accelerate plant growth and enhance potential stress tolerance of walnuts.
  • Voucher Report for the 2018 North American Mycological Association Foray Salem, Oregon October 11-14, 2018 Patrick R

    Voucher Report for the 2018 North American Mycological Association Foray Salem, Oregon October 11-14, 2018 Patrick R

    Voucher Report for the 2018 North American Mycological Association Foray Salem, Oregon October 11-14, 2018 Patrick R. Leacock, NAMA Voucher Collection Project, [email protected] Summary The 2018 annual foray was held October 11 - 14 samples during the foray from 80% of the at the Macleay Conference Center near Salem, vouchers. Oregon. The foray was organized by Sam Landes and volunteers. Dr. Joseph W. Spatafora This species list has 365 taxa (genus, species, (Oregon State University) served as Chief and varieties), comprising 64 ascomycetes (40 Mycologist. Collecting areas included several lichens), 296 basidiomycetes, 2 zygomycetes, areas of Willamette National Forest, Siuslaw and 3 myxomycetes. The most diverse genera National Forest, Snow Peak BLM, Silver Falls were Mycena (16) Lactarius (14), Russula (14), State Park, and South Beach State Park. Pholiota (10), Cortinarius (9), Amanita (8), Ramaria (8), Suillus (8), and Tricholoma (8). Many thanks go to Adele Mehta, foray recorder, Twenty persons including Daniel J. Miller, Scot and the NAMA-sponsored graduate students: Loring (lichens), Thomas D. Bruns, Ronald Elise Jean (Lane Community College, Eugene, Hamill, Bruch T. Reed, Patrick R. Leacock, Oregon), Chance Noffsinger (Montana State Debbie L. Viess, Joseph W. Spatafora, LaMonte University), Stephen Russell (Purdue University, H. P. Yarroll, and 11 others made identifications. Indiana), Christin Swearingen (University of Alaska, Fairbanks). Big thanks go to the voucher There are 362 voucher collections preserved committee crew: Wyatt Gaswick, Bruch Reed, from the foray. Seventeen taxa with more than Andy Wilson; as well as volunteers Jake Sulzer one voucher specimen are indicated "(2)". (Northland College) and Nikhilesh Desai.
  • Hongos De Zonas Urbanas: Ciudad De México Y Estado De México

    Hongos De Zonas Urbanas: Ciudad De México Y Estado De México

    Scientia Fungorum vol. 47: 57-66 2018 Hongos de zonas urbanas: Ciudad de México y Estado de México Mushrooms from urban zones: Mexico City and State of Mexico Evangelina Pérez-Silva Laboratorio de Macromicetos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México. Evangelina Pérez-Silva, e-mail: [email protected] RESUMEN Antecedentes: Existen escasos estudios sobre macromicetos en Ciudad de México y Estado de México. Objetivo: Incrementar el conocimiento sobre la diversidad y distribución de los macromicetos en zonas urbanas de México. Métodos: Se realizaron recolecciones en la temporada de lluvias de 2012 a 2017. Se emplearon técnicas rutinarias en micología con literatura especializada para la determinación de especies. Resultados y conclusiones: Se presenta un listado de 32 especies (1 incertae sedis y 31 basidiomicetos). Hebeloma crustuliniforme, H. radicosum y Parasola auricoma son nuevos registros para la micobiota mexicana. Se registran por primera vez en zonas urbanas, géneros que normalmente se desarrollan en bosques de coníferas, bosques mixtos y zonas áridas. Palabras clave: micobiota, registros nuevos, corología, taxonomía ABSTraCT Background: There are few studies on macromycetes in Mexico City and Mexico State. Objective: Increase knowledge about the diversity and distribution of macromycetes in urban zones of Mexico. Methods: Recollections were made in the rainy season from 2012 to 2017. Routine techniques in mycology with specialized literature for the determination of species were used. Results and conclusions: A list of 32 species (1 incertae sedis and 31 basidiomycetes) is presented. Hebeloma crustuliniforme, H. radico- sum and Parasola auricoma are new records for the Mexican mycobiota.