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General Aviation Aircraft Propulsion: Power and Energy Requirements
UNCLASSIFIED General Aviation Aircraft Propulsion: Power and Energy Requirements • Tim Watkins • BEng MRAeS MSFTE • Instructor and Flight Test Engineer • QinetiQ – Empire Test Pilots’ School • Boscombe Down QINETIQ/EMEA/EO/CP191341 RAeS Light Aircraft Design Conference | 18 Nov 2019 | © QinetiQ UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED Contents • Benefits of electrifying GA aircraft propulsion • A review of the underlying physics • GA Aircraft power requirements • A brief look at electrifying different GA aircraft types • Relationship between battery specific energy and range • Conclusions 2 RAeS Light Aircraft Design Conference | 18 Nov 2019 | © QinetiQ UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED Benefits of electrifying GA aircraft propulsion • Environmental: – Greatly reduced aircraft emissions at the point of use – Reduced use of fossil fuels – Reduced noise • Cost: – Electric aircraft are forecast to be much cheaper to operate – Even with increased acquisition cost (due to batteries), whole-life cost will be reduced dramatically – Large reduction in light aircraft operating costs (e.g. for pilot training) – Potential to re-invigorate the GA sector • Opportunities: – Makes highly distributed propulsion possible – Makes hybrid propulsion possible – Key to new designs for emerging urban air mobility and eVTOL sectors 3 RAeS Light Aircraft Design Conference | 18 Nov 2019 | © QinetiQ UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED Energy conversion efficiency Brushless electric motor and controller: • Conversion efficiency ~ 95% for motor, ~ 90% for controller • Variable pitch propeller efficiency -
Apis Contest Taurus(Electro)
Welcome NASA PAV Apis contest The CAFÉ Foundation’s With the addition of Inaugural NASA PAV Apis/Bee to the product Centennial Challenge line, Pipistrel is now concluded on August 11 in the most complex small Santa Rosa, California, and aircraft producer IN THE brought forth remarkable WORLD, the ONLY AIRCRAFT performances by several PRODUCER offering both Personal Air Vehicles (PAVs). single-seat and two- This great event was made seater side-by-side self- possible by support from launching gliders, two-seat NASA and Boeing Phantom motorgliders, UL two-seat INDEX Works. Winning teams go-the-distance aircraft, Electric Powered shared cash prizes from trikes and propellers. 1 Welcome Apis NASA totaling $250,000. We are excited about Taurus (Electro) Prizes were awarded for welcoming all existing and Electric Powered Taurus Shortest Runway, Lowest new Apis/Bee family owners Nasa PAV Contest Noise, Highest Top Speed, and we are confident to In 1995, Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina glide ratio of Best Handling Qualities, provide them with the best Our Dealers around the World were the first in the World to present at least 1:40; and Most Efficient, with possible service! a two-seat ultralight aircraft with a make gliding the grand Vantage Prize of From its beginnings, Apis/ 2 Project Hydrogenus wing-span of 15 meters, aimed also at cheap; provide $100,000 going to the best Bee was developed as a glider pilots. The aircraft was the Sinus, a fully equipped aircraft, including a Pipistrel Factory: combination of performance sister-ship to the Pipistrel’s still going strong in production. -
Battery Electric Aircraft Feasibility Investigation Including a Battery-In-Wing Conceptual Design
A BATTERY ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATION INCLUDING A BATTERY-IN-WING CONCEPTUAL DESIGN A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering by Mark H. Shushnar June 2014 © 2014 Mark H. Shushnar ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: A Battery Electric Aircraft Feasibility Investigation Including a Battery-in-Wing Conceptual Design AUTHOR: Mark H. Shushnar DATE SUBMITTED: June 2014 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Dr. Joseph Mello, PhD Professor of Mechanical Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Patrick Lemieux, PhD Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Kurt Colvin, PhD Professor of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering iii ABSTRACT A Battery Electric Aircraft Feasibility Investigation Including a Battery-In-Wing Conceptual Design Mark H. Shushnar The feasibility of converting an existing internal combustion powered general aviation aircraft to battery electric propulsion was studied. The theoretical performance of various types of airframes with battery electric propulsion systems was compared to determine which type of airframe would be best suited for conversion. It was found that battery electric propulsion is best used in aircraft intended for slow speed, efficient flight and carrying limited payload which is a mission typically flown in motor gliders. A reference motor glider was selected and a conceptual power system packaging design study was performed. The study determined that a critical component of the power system packaging design was the technical feasibility of packaging the batteries inside of the wing structure. This was driven by center of gravity restrictions. Technical concerns related to a battery-in-wing design were investigated, included wing aeroelastic performance, wing stiffness and wing strength. -
Indigo and Air India-- on Wednesday Announced
1 Revue de presse février 2020 The only two Indian carriers that fly to China -- IndiGo and Air India-- on Wednesday announced suspension of most of their flights to that country, while India has requested China for permission to operate two flights to bring back its nationals from Hubei province which has been sealed after the deadly coronavirus outbreak. A fresh travel advisory asking people to refrain from travelling to China has been issued by the Union government which has ramped up screening across airports, ports and borders, as the virus spread to at least 17 countries. No case of the novel coronavirus has been detected in India, though hundreds of people remain under observation in many states including as many as 806 in Kerala, according to officials. With several airlines based in Asia, North America and Europe restricting operations to the region, the Indian carriers too followed suit. The country's largest airline IndiGo said it has suspended its flights on Bengaluru-Hong Kong route from February 1 and on the Delhi-Chengdu route from February 1 to 20. Similarly, state-run Air India is suspending its flights on Delhi-Shanghai route from January 31 to February 14 and reducing the frequency on Delhi-Hong Kong route to thrice-weekly only in the same time period. IndiGo will, for now, continue to operate the Kolkata-Guangzhou flight which it is "monitoring on a daily basis". The crew of the two airlines working on flights connecting India with South East Asian countries have been asked to wear N95 masks on ground and take other precautions like not visiting public places. -
Download Issue 65 Complete
KiwiFlyer TM Magazine of the New Zealand Aviation Community Issue 65 2019 #5 Avspecs Mosquito wins at Oshkosh $ 7.90 inc GST ISSN 1170-8018 P-8A Poseidon up close Annual Guide to Aviation Training Products, Services, News, Events, Warbirds, Recreation, Training and more. Protection against cold start-ups and in all seasons Petroleum Logistics Limited is New Zealand’s Only Authorised AeroShell Distributor We offer: • Technical support backed by AeroShell • Authorised & Approved AeroShell supply chain • Guaranteed full product traceability • New warehousing to support high NZ stock levels • Authorised NZ resellers holding local stock • Freight Free Delivery • Best price every time WITH PETROLEUM LOGISTICS • Kiwi owned and operated Receive 55 days free credit on opening a new account over and above $2500 (Offer expires 31/5/19, T&C’s apply) Contact us today: Freephone: 0800 42 83 83 Email: [email protected] Aviation Manager - Barry Brown: 0277 380 380 KiwiFlyer Issue 65 2019 #5 From the Editor Features 12 The Story of Mosquito PZ474 If this issue feels heavier than usual it’s because Gavin Conroy writes of the third there’s 80 pages this time, thanks mainly to de Havilland Mosquito to appear featuring our annual Guide to Aviation Training from the Avspecs hangar at Ardmore. in New Zealand. There’s also a detailed ten 34 page article on de Havilland Mosquito PZ474, 26 Boeing P-8A Poseidon visit the third such magnificent restoration to appear The US Navy recently brought a from the Avspecs hangar at Ardmore. With the P-8A to Ohakea and made it aircraft having recently just won Grand Champion available for visits and photographs. -
Pipistrel ALPHA Trainer Flight Review.Docx
Pipistrel ALPHA Trainer Flight Review April 27, 2012. Slovenia, Europe Evaluation by Michael Coates Pipistrel are of the most prolific light aircraft manufacturers in the world, located in Slovenia which is surrounded by the borders of Austria and Italy this small country manufactures some of the most unique and advanced aircraft in the world. After attending Aero Friedrichshafen I had the opportunity to travel back to the Pipistrel factory and evaluate their very latest LSA release the new Pipistrel ALPHA Trainer. The Pipistrel ALPHA Trainer has taken a back seat in the last few months to the much talked about and exceptionally received Pipistrel Panthera which stole the show at Aero Friedrichshafen winning all the major awards. This new four seat aircraft which cruises at 200 knots is certainly a showstopper but well beyond the budget of the average light aircraft owner. Roll in and introduce the Pipistrel ALPHA Trainer! This new aircraft from Pipistrel was originally developed exclusively for the training market. Pipistrel identified the need for a fully equipped aircraft that is tailored to flying schools, full of instrumentation, strong, reliable and most importantly delivered to the customer at a very favourable price. The Cessna 162, the Tecnam and many other LSA aircraft are now up well above $150,000 which is becoming too expensive for the average flying school that cannot repay or finance this sort of investment. The goal for the Pipistrel ALPHA Trainer was to provide a fully featured and perfectly behaved aircraft but at a selling price less than two thirds the competition and I am happy to say that Pipistrel has done this! The Pipistrel ALPHA Trainer is fitted with the ever reliable Rotax 912 - 80 horsepower engine, the airframe is a composite, two-seat, side by side, high wing with exceptional performance even when fitted with the Rotax 80 horsepower engine, like all Pipistrel aircraft the ALPHA demonstrates very frugal fuel consumption averaging 13 lph (3.4 US gph) at cruise and only 8 lph (2.1 US gph) in circuits. -
NASA Green Flight Challenge: Conceptual Design Approaches and Technologies to Enable 200 Passenger Miles Per Gallon
NASA Green Flight Challenge: Conceptual Design Approaches and Technologies to Enable 200 Passenger Miles per Gallon Douglas P. Wells* NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681 The Green Flight Challenge is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Centennial Challenges designed to push technology and make passenger aircraft more efficient. Airliners currently average around 50 passenger-miles per gallon and this competition will push teams to greater than 200 passenger-miles per gallon. The aircraft must also fly at least 100 miles per hour for 200 miles. The total prize money for this competition is $1.65 Million. The Green Flight Challenge will be run by the Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency (CAFE) Foundation September 25 – October 1, 2011 at Charles M. Schulz Sonoma County Airport in California. Thirteen custom aircraft were developed with electric, bio-diesel, and other bio-fuel engines. The aircraft are using various technologies to improve aerodynamic, propulsion, and structural efficiency. This paper will explore the feasibility of the rule set, competitor vehicles, design approaches, and technologies used. Nomenclature ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials BFR = Biennial Flight Review BTU = British Thermal Unit CAFE = Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency DARPA = Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency dBA = Equivalent noise power in decibels weighted on the ―A‖ slow scale EAA = Experimental Aircraft Association EPA = Environmental Protection Agency FAA = Federal Aviation Administration GFC = Green Flight Challenge GPH = Gallons Per Hour H2 = Hydrogen Gas HP = Horse Power JP = Jet Propellant KTAS = Knots True Airspeed kW = Kilo-Watt MPG = Miles Per Gallon MPGe = Miles Per Gallon Equivalent MSL = Mean Sea Level NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration UAV = Unmanned Aerial Vehicle VFR = Visual Flight Rules * Aerospace Engineer, Aeronautics Systems Analysis Branch, MS 442, AIAA Member. -
Mikrolakih Zrakoplova) U Republici Hrvatskoj
REPUBLIKA HRVATSKA Hrvatska agencija za civilno zrakoplovstvo Popis prihvaćenih tipova MLZ (mikrolakih zrakoplova) u Republici Hrvatskoj tip/model zrakoplova motor podvozje napomena klasa MLZ: gyro MTOsport Rotax 912 S, UL - klasa MLZ: I Airmax P-22 Sea Max Rotax 912 - ALPI AVIATION srl Pioneer 200 Rotax 912 - ALPI AVIATION srl Pioneer 300 Rotax 912 - CH601 Rotax 912 - greškom propušten u inicijalnom izdanju Evektor 97 Eurostar Rotax 912 - Ferrari Tucano Rotax 582 - Fly Synthesis (ex. Rodaro) Storch Rotax 582 - Fly Synthesis Storch HV/SV Rotax 912 - Pipistrel Sinus Rotax 912 - Pipistrel Virus Rotax 912 - Rodaro Kangaroo Rotax 503 - Rodaro Wallaby Rotax 503 - SILA 450C Rotax 912 - TL Ultralight TL-2000 Sting Carbon Rotax 912 - Ultralair Weedhopper JC 31/ Europa II Rotax 503 - Rotax 582 - klasa MLZ: II Apollo C15 Rotax 503 Apollo Racer GT/R Apollo Delta Jet /R Apollo Jet Star/R Rotax 582 Apollo Racer GT/R Apollo Jet Star/R Apollo Delta Jet /R Rotax 912 Apollo Racer GT/R Apollo Jet Star/R Apollo Delta Jet /R Apollo C15 D Rotax 503 Apollo Racer GT/R Apollo Jet Star/R Apollo Delta Jet /R Rotax 582 Apollo Jet Star/R Apollo Delta Jet /R Apollo Racer GT/R Pipistrel Spider samo uz pisano odobrenje proizvođača Rotax 912 Pipistrel Twister samo uz pisano odobrenje proizvođača Apollo Racer GT/R Apollo Delta Jet /R Apollo Jet Star/R 12. svibanj 2016. stranica 1 od 2 tip/model zrakoplova motor podvozje napomena Apollo C15D BMW Apollo Jet Star greškom propušten u inicijalnom izdanju Apollo C4M Rotax 503 Apollo Racer GT/R Rotax 582 Apollo Racer GT/R Rotax -
EAA Webinars Are Supported By
Vol.3 No.2 I February 2014 EXPERIMENTERThe Spirit of Homebuilt Aviation I www.eaa.org A Pirate Cub Homebuilt Gliders and Sailplanes Midget Mustang Investigating Static Stability MagicReviving Jim Lloyd Butler’s ‘60s Champion EEAAEXP_Feb14.inddAAEXP_Feb14.indd 1 22/3/14/3/14 33:11:11 PPMM TOWER FREQUENCY Oshkosh Countdown BY JACK PELTON WINTER HAS BEEN BRUTAL so far, even by Wisconsin stan- plan to begin flying again when the weather breaks. dards. For days in January the temperature never reached Consider flying with an instructor for the first time zero for a high. Howling winds drove wind chill tempera- or two. And certainly be careful not to make those tures to life-threatening lows. So it must be time to get ready first couple spring flights in strong winds or other for Oshkosh. challenging conditions. When I look at the blanket of snow and ice covering Now is also the time to lock in your plans for your stay EAA’s Oshkosh show grounds and the rest of Wittman at Oshkosh. AirVenture tickets are available online at Regional Airport, it’s hard to believe that in less than six www.EAA.org and can save you both some money and wait- months thousands of airplanes and hundreds of thousands ing in line time if you buy now. of pilots and airplane enthusiasts will be here. But it’s true. Planning your housing at Oshkosh can never start too And it’s what we here at EAA work so hard year-round to early. The number of people camping at Oshkosh contin- prepare for. -
Indian Army 17
ANNUAL REPORT 2018-19 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE Government of India Contents 1. Security Environment 1 2. Organisation and functions of Ministry of Defence 9 3. Indian Army 17 4. Indian Navy 31 5. Indian Air Force 41 6. Indian Coast Guard 49 7. Defence Production 57 8. Defence Research and Development 91 9. Inter Service Organisations 113 10. Recruitment and Training 135 11. Resettlement and Welfare of Ex-Servicemen 161 12. Cooperation Between Armed Forces and Civil Authorities 177 13. National Cadet Corps 187 14. Defence Cooperation with Foreign Countries 197 15. Ceremonial and Other Activities 205 16. Activities of Vigilance Units 219 17. Empowerment and Welfare of Women 229 18. Initiatives Towards Simplification, Decentralization and Enhancing the Ease of doing Business 239 APPENDIX Appendix-I Matters Dealt with by the Departments of the Ministry of Defence 249 Appendix-II Ministers, Chiefs of Staff and Secretaries Who were in position from January 1, 2018 onwards 253 Appendix-III Report No. 8 of 2018 Executive Summary 255 Appendix-IV Age-wise analysis of Pending Audit Paras 272 CHAPTER 1 SecUrity ENVIRONMENT 1 SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 1.1 It is increasingly evident that the world is contributed actively, with partners, to the success of undergoing rapid and unexpected changes, described Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) process and continues by some as tectonic shifts. The world is in a transition, to engage with partners in the Nuclear Security Contact driven by rapidly evolving security and technological Group. challenges, causing stresses in international order and transforming the global hierarchies. The need to craft an Regional Security Environment appropriate response, aimed at shaping an international environment conducive to India’s development and 1.4 The Government has continued to accord security, is imperative. -
August 2020 AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot 04 INSIDE THIS MONTH CONTENTS AUGUST 2020
The official magazine of the Aircraft Owner and Pilots Association www.aopa.co.uk The aircraft that will put schools on the grid Slovenian airplane maker Pipistrel has just received EASA certification for its Velis Electro – we take a look at how it could revolutionise training… SYCAMORE RETURNS AIRSPACE CHANGES ONLINE TRAINING Henry Simpson reports on Nick Wilcock discusses the AOPA has launched a the Bristol Sycamore that changes to airspace regarding range of training courses returned to British skies Air Cadet glider sites online – find out more MAGAZINE 08.2020 FREE TO MEMBERS WWW.AOPA.CO.UK 03 CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE THERE MAY BE EDITOR David Rawlings TROUBLE AHEAD [email protected] S I WRITE this, General Aviation Flight Training has restarted, or is in the process of restarting. Pubs and restaurants are opening, we’re all being ART EDITOR Dan Payne urged to get back to work on public transport and then spend, spend, [email protected] A spend. The UK economy, across all main sectors, has been hit by its worst quarterly SUB EDITOR contraction in 41 years: three times greater than the decline seen during the whole Lucy Debenham of the 2008–9 economic downturn and the deepest recession in almost a century. Added to which, Brexit is back. CONTRIBUTORS Where does this leave the aviation sector and specifically GA’s place in the sector? John Walker, All of the well-known airlines are in discussions with staff and unions about large- David Chambers, Henry Simpson, scale job losses, with predictions of 100,000 to be lost. -
The Flying Wire
The Flying Wire Chapter 124 Experimental Aircraft Association December 7, 2011 Volume 50 Number 12 Board Meeting December 7, 2011 - 6:30 pm General Meeting December 7, 2011 – 7:30 pm Table of Contents December Program .....................1 www.EAA124.org Events Calendar .....................1 Pipistrel Alpha Trainer .....................1 www.CafeFoundation.org Fly Mart .....................3 News/Notes from the Editor .....................4 www.EAA.org Board Minutes .....................4 General Minutes .....................4 Trivia .....................5 EAA Chapter 124 Contact Information .....................6 5550 Windsor Road Windsor, CA 95492 December 7, 2011 Program Pipistrel Alpha Trainer (By Marino Boric, EAA #1069644, for EAA.org) Green Flight Challenge Presentation Editor's Note: I thought this EAA article would be interesting for The CAFE Board will give an in-depth presentation of the 2011 our membership, and since the newsletter had space for it this Green Flight Challenge. Pictures, videos, results and Q&A. This will month, I am including it below. Also, for GFC fans, click HERE to be a treat! see the Pipistrel webpage featuring the world-famous picture of If you haven't seen NASA's flickr photos yet, click HERE. Mike Fenn.... Pipistrel’s Alpha Trainer is aimed squarely at the commercial flight school/private owner markets. First glance at the Alpha Trainer could come as early as April at AERO, but the company will display at AirVenture Oshkosh 2012. Events Calendar Interior rendering of the Alpha TrainerNovember 23, 2011 – In response to what it calls aircraft priced beyond the reach of the average person or flight school, Pipistrel unveiled plans last week A note from VP Bob Gutteridge..