DOCSLIB.ORG

Trustees' Report and Financial Statements 2006-07

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trustees' Report and Financial Statements 2006-07 Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice Invigorate science and mathematics education Increase access to the best science internationally Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice Invigorate science and mathematics education Increase access to the best science internationally Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice Invigorate TRUSTEES’ REPORT AND science and mathematics education Increase access to the best science internationally FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery for the year ended 31 March 2007 TRUSTEES’ REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the year ended 31 March 2007 CONTENTS Page Trustees’ Report 1-11 Report of the Independent Auditors to the Fellowship of the Royal Society 12 Report of the Audit Committee to Council on the Financial Statements 13 Statement of Financial Activities 14-15 Balance Sheet 16 Cash Flow Statement 17 Accounting Policies 18-19 Notes to the Financial Statements 20-33 Parliamentary Grant-in-Aid 35-38 i TRUSTEES’ REPORT For the year ended 31 March 2007 Registered Charity No 207043 Trustees The Trustees of the Society are the Members of its Council duly elected by its Fellows. Ten of the 21 members of Council retire each year in line with its Royal Charter. President Lord Rees of Ludlow OM Kt * Treasurer and Vice-President Biological Secretary and Vice-President Sir David Wallace CBE * Sir David Read * Physical Secretary and Vice-President Foreign Secretary and Vice-President Professor Martin Taylor * Dame Julia Higgins DBE a Professor Lorna Casselton b* Other Members of Council Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell DBE c Professor David Lilley * Dr Mariann Bienz c Professor Georgina Mace CBE c Sir Michael Brady d* Professor Angus MacIntyre c Professor Caroline Dean OBE * Sir Tom McKillop d* Professor Eleanor Dodson c Professor Ole Petersen c Professor Athene Donald c Professor John Pethica c Professor Dianne Edwards * Professor Peter Ratcliffe * Professor Roderick Flower d* Professor Dale Sanders c Professor Uta Frith d* Professor John Shepherd * Professor Lynn Gladden OBE d* Professor Adrian Smith d* Sir Peter Knight * Dr Andrew Smith d* Professor Philip Kocienski * Professor James Stirling d* Lord Krebs of Wytham, Vice-President d* Changes The above served as Members of Council throughout the year unless indicated as below. a Foreign Secretary until 30 November 2006 b Foreign Secretary since 30 November 2006 c Other Members of Council until 30 November 2006 d Other Members of Council since 30 November 2006 * Members of Council at both 31 March 2007 and at the date of approval of this Report and Financial Statements Executive Secretary Mr Stephen Cox CVO Registered Address 6–9 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG www.royalsoc.ac.uk The Royal Society Trustees' Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 March 2007 1 TRUSTEES’ REPORT For the year ended 31 March 2007 Auditors Investment Managers PKF (UK) LLP Rathbone Investment Management Ltd Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors 159 New Bond Street Farringdon Place London 20 Farringdon Road W1S 2UD London EC1M 3AP UBS AG 1 Curzon Street Solicitors London Darbys W1J 5UB 52 New Hall Street Oxford Internal Auditors OX1 2QD Deloitte & Touche LLP Hill House Bankers 1 Little New Street Barclays Bank plc London Level 28 EC4A 3TR 1 Churchill Place London E14 5HP 2 The Royal Society TRUSTEES’ REPORT For the year ended 31 March 2007 The Royal Society of London for Improving Fellows elected to Council are amongst the world’s leading Natural Knowledge, commonly known as scientists and are well-qualified to provide the Society with the the Royal Society, is an independent necessary guidance and leadership to achieve its objectives. self-governing scientific academy founded in Council holds an annual seminar to ensure that its members have 1660 incorporated by Royal Charter and is a a wider understanding of their responsibilities and duties as Registered Charity. This report and the trustees of a charity. As many members of Council serve for only financial statements attached are presented one year, and others for two, it is not usually possible to provide in the format required by the Statement of extended training. Recommended Practice – Accounting and Reporting by Charities (revised 2005). Council is advised by a wide range of committees, the membership of which and their subcommittees is not always STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE confined to Fellows. The Strategy and Policy Board, comprising AND MANAGEMENT the President, honorary officers and the Executive Secretary, is responsible for the recommendation to Council and oversight of Organization policy management. The Finance and General Purposes The Society is governed by a Council of Committee, comprising the same and other Fellows selected for 21 Fellows, who are also its trustees for their experience of financial matters, oversees the financial and charity purposes, including five honorary other operational systems and methods of control, including risk officers: President, Treasurer, two Secretaries analysis and management; ensuring the Society complies with all (one drawn from the physical sciences and financial aspects of the law, relevant regulations and good mathematics, and the other from the life practice. The Audit Committee reports direct to Council, reviews sciences) and a Foreign Secretary. Members the audited financial statements and recommends their approval of Council serve for various terms of between to Council, enquires into the Treasurer’s stewardship of Society one and five years. The Royal Charter requires assets, reviews reports from the external and internal auditors, that 10 of the 21 members of Council retire monitors management response thereto and implementation of each year. agreed recommendations. Other Committees advise Council on, amongst other things, the election of new Fellows, publishing The composition of Council comprises three and the administration of activity programmes including the categories of membership – the President award of grants etc. The Investment Advisory Committee, and other officers who hold office for one comprising Fellows and experienced investment professionals, year but are eligible for re-election annually advises the Treasurer on the performance of the investment and normally serve for five years one retiring managers and recommends objectives and benchmarks forming each year by rotation, one representative the basis of the Society’s investment policy. from each of 10 subject area classifications Fellowship who hold office for one year but are eligible for re-election for a second year and The Royal Society is a Fellowship of outstanding scientists drawn members elected to create a balanced and from all areas of science, engineering and medicine. Since its representative Council who also hold office foundation it has embodied and promoted knowledge of the for one year but are eligible for re-election natural world through observation and experiment. Through this for a second. approach – new in 1660 – which we now call science, Fellows of the Society have sought over the centuries to obtain a better All members of Council begin and end their understanding of ourselves and the world in which we live, and tenure on Council on Anniversary Day, which to make that knowledge widely available to benefit society. is 30 November – St. Andrew’s day. The Society’s mission is best described as being to expand the Suggestions for membership of Council are frontiers of knowledge by championing the development and use invited annually from the Fellowship. The of science, engineering and medicine for the benefit of humanity determination of vacancies and nomination and the good of the planet. Fellows of the Society are elected for of candidates is decided by Council in life and designate themselves through the use of the letters FRS accordance with its Standing Orders. after their names. Forty-four new Fellows and eight Foreign Nominees are confirmed by ballot of the Members are elected annually through a peer review process that Fellowship. All members of Council are culminates in a vote by existing Fellows. The main criterion for elected from the Fellowship. election is scientific excellence. Trustees' Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 March 2007 3 TRUSTEES’ REPORT For the year ended 31 March 2007 The election process for Fellows and Foreign Council has agreed clear lines of delegation and authority to Members is extremely rigorous and is based staff and has involved staff in recognition of risk in all its upon the established practice of peer review. activities. Council recognises the need to maintain the Society’s Although the identities of the candidates for independence and has approved an income strategy, connected election remain confidential, the identities of to the Society’s 350th anniversary in 2010, to increase its all members of committees involved in the endowment to address the potential risk to its independence election process, together with the full and to ensure the Society’s financial stability well into the regulations governing the process, are 21st century. published annually in the Year Book of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Why Mushrooms Have Evolved to Be So Promiscuous: Insights from Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns
    fungal biology reviews 29 (2015) 167e178 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbr Review Why mushrooms have evolved to be so promiscuous: Insights from evolutionary and ecological patterns Timothy Y. JAMES* Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA article info abstract Article history: Agaricomycetes, the mushrooms, are considered to have a promiscuous mating system, Received 27 May 2015 because most populations have a large number of mating types. This diversity of mating Received in revised form types ensures a high outcrossing efficiency, the probability of encountering a compatible 17 October 2015 mate when mating at random, because nearly every homokaryotic genotype is compatible Accepted 23 October 2015 with every other. Here I summarize the data from mating type surveys and genetic analysis of mating type loci and ask what evolutionary and ecological factors have promoted pro- Keywords: miscuity. Outcrossing efficiency is equally high in both bipolar and tetrapolar species Genomic conflict with a median value of 0.967 in Agaricomycetes. The sessile nature of the homokaryotic Homeodomain mycelium coupled with frequent long distance dispersal could account for selection favor- Outbreeding potential ing a high outcrossing efficiency as opportunities for choosing mates may be minimal. Pheromone receptor Consistent with a role of mating type in mediating cytoplasmic-nuclear genomic conflict, Agaricomycetes have evolved away from a haploid yeast phase towards hyphal fusions that display reciprocal nuclear migration after mating rather than cytoplasmic fusion. Importantly, the evolution of this mating behavior is precisely timed with the onset of diversification of mating type alleles at the pheromone/receptor mating type loci that are known to control reciprocal nuclear migration during mating.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Fellows of the Royal Society
    Female Fellows of the Royal Society Professor Jan Anderson FRS [1996] Professor Ruth Lynden-Bell FRS [2006] Professor Judith Armitage FRS [2013] Dr Mary Lyon FRS [1973] Professor Frances Ashcroft FMedSci FRS [1999] Professor Georgina Mace CBE FRS [2002] Professor Gillian Bates FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Trudy Mackay FRS [2006] Professor Jean Beggs CBE FRS [1998] Professor Enid MacRobbie FRS [1991] Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell DBE FRS [2003] Dr Philippa Marrack FMedSci FRS [1997] Dame Valerie Beral DBE FMedSci FRS [2006] Professor Dusa McDuff FRS [1994] Dr Mariann Bienz FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Angela McLean FRS [2009] Professor Elizabeth Blackburn AC FRS [1992] Professor Anne Mills FMedSci FRS [2013] Professor Andrea Brand FMedSci FRS [2010] Professor Brenda Milner CC FRS [1979] Professor Eleanor Burbidge FRS [1964] Dr Anne O'Garra FMedSci FRS [2008] Professor Eleanor Campbell FRS [2010] Dame Bridget Ogilvie AC DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Doreen Cantrell FMedSci FRS [2011] Baroness Onora O'Neill * CBE FBA FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Lorna Casselton CBE FRS [1999] Dame Linda Partridge DBE FMedSci FRS [1996] Professor Deborah Charlesworth FRS [2005] Dr Barbara Pearse FRS [1988] Professor Jennifer Clack FRS [2009] Professor Fiona Powrie FRS [2011] Professor Nicola Clayton FRS [2010] Professor Susan Rees FRS [2002] Professor Suzanne Cory AC FRS [1992] Professor Daniela Rhodes FRS [2007] Dame Kay Davies DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Elizabeth Robertson FRS [2003] Professor Caroline Dean OBE FRS [2004] Dame Carol Robinson DBE FMedSci
    [Show full text]
  • Inside Science
    SPRING 2009 NEWS FROM THE ROYAL SOCIETY INSIDE SCIENCE YOUNG EXPLORERS TOUCHDOWN IN NEW ZEALAND International Expedition Prize is a ‘once in a lifetime experience’ SCIENCE TAKES TO THE STAGE The Royal Shakespeare Company premiers a new play on the emergence of modern science UPDATE FROM THE ROYAL SOCIETY This third issue of Inside Science contains early information DID YOU KNOW? about exciting plans for the Royal Society’s 350th Anniversary in 2010. The Anniversary is a marvellous STEADY FOOTING, opportunity to increase the profile of science, explore its SHAKY BRIDGE benefits and address the challenges it presents for society On its opening day, crowds of but perhaps most important of all to inspire young minds pedestrians experienced unexpected with the excitement of scientific discovery. swaying as they walked across London’s Our policy work continues to address major scientific issues Millennium Bridge. Whilst pedestrians affecting the UK. In December we cautioned the Government on fondly nicknamed it the ‘wobbly bridge’, the levels of separated plutonium stockpiled in the UK – currently physicists were busy exploring the the highest in the world. With support from our Plutonium Working Group, the Society has reasons for the phenomenon. submitted detailed comment to the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) for a report to The view was widely held that the Government on management options for the stockpile. ‘wobble’ was due to crowd loading and Late last year we ran an extremely successful MP-Scientist pairing scheme, helping to build pedestrians synchronising their footsteps bridges between parliamentarians and some of the best young scientists in the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Iupap 2011-2014 General Report
    TABLE OF CONTENTS I. ORGANISATION & AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE 1 II. STATUTES & BYLAWS 9 Appendix A IUPAP International Commissions for the period 2011-2014 III. MINUTES OF THE 27th GENERAL ASSEMBLY 16 Appendix B List of Attendees Appendix C Presidential Address IV. RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE 2011 GENERAL ASSEMBLY 35 Appendix D Amendment to By-Law IIB Appendix E International Year of Light 2015 Appendix F Approval of Executive Council’s recommendations Appendix G Universality of Science resolution revised Appendix H International Association of Physics Students Appendix I Women in Physics Appendix J SESAME V. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 44 VI. STATEMENT OF UNIVERSALITY OF SCIENCE 49 VII. IUPAP OFFICERS 50 Executive Council List of Former Presidents, Secretaries-General and Associate Secretaries- General List of Former Vice-Presidents VIII. LIAISON COMMITTEES, COMMISSIONS AND WORKING GROUPS 58 The Liaison Committees The International Commissions The International Affiliated Commissions The IUPAP Delegates to Inter-Union Commissions IUPAP Working Groups I – ORGANISATION & AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE IUPAP was established in 1922 at Brussels with 13 Member countries. An outline of the history of IUPAP is given on the website (Document: IUPAP-70). The Union is composed of Members representing identified physics communities. Adhering bodies act through their Liaison Committees. Delegates from these Committees meet in the General Assemblies of the Union which are held every three years. The General Assembly appoints the Members of the Executive Council and
    [Show full text]
  • EMBO Annual Report 04
    EMBO EMBC annual report 2004 European Molecular Biology Organization European Molecular Biology Conference EMBO | EMBC table of contents introduction appendix preface by Frank Gannon 4 delegates and advisors from the EMBC member states 62 preface by Susan Gasser 6 council & committee members 2004 66 preface by Marja Makarow 8 council & committee members 2005 68 new members elected in 2004 70 EMBO & EMBC: past & present advisory editorial board 2004 78 timeline & brief history 12 long-term fellowship awards 2004 80 aims of EMBO | EMBC | EMBL 14 long-term fellowships: statistics 92 summary of EMBO actions 2004 18 long-term fellowships 2004: geographical distribution 94 summary of EMBC actions 2004 24 short-term fellowship awards 2004 96 short-term fellowships: statistics 108 joint EMBO & EMBC activities short-term fellowships 2004: geographical distribution 110 fellowship programme 30 young investigators selected in 2004 112 fellows network 32 EMBO/HHMI scientists selected in 2004 112 courses and workshops programme 34 young investigator application and selection statistics 114 young investigator programme 36 young investigator lectures 2004 116 electronic information programme 38 courses 2004 118 workshops 2004 120 EMBO additional activities conferences 2004 122 The EMBO Journal 42 plenary lectures 2004 124 EMBO reports 44 world programme fellowships 2004 126 science & society programme 46 statistics on women 127 gold medal 48 scale of contributions from the EMBC member states 128 award for communication in the life sciences 49 staff in heidelberg 130 plenary lectures 50 sectoral meetings 51 events in 2005 world activities 52 practical courses 2005 134 women in the life sciences 54 lecture courses and workshops 2005 136 communications 56 conferences and symposia 2005 138 european life sciences forum 58 other EMBO events 2005 139 2 3 preface EMBO & EMBC 2004 2004 was a time for reflection on the devel- of 5% per annum for the next six years.
    [Show full text]
  • Smutty Alchemy
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-01-18 Smutty Alchemy Smith, Mallory E. Land Smith, M. E. L. (2021). Smutty Alchemy (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113019 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Smutty Alchemy by Mallory E. Land Smith A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2021 © Mallory E. Land Smith 2021 MELS ii Abstract Sina Queyras, in the essay “Lyric Conceptualism: A Manifesto in Progress,” describes the Lyric Conceptualist as a poet capable of recognizing the effects of disparate movements and employing a variety of lyric, conceptual, and language poetry techniques to continue to innovate in poetry without dismissing the work of other schools of poetic thought. Queyras sees the lyric conceptualist as an artistic curator who collects, modifies, selects, synthesizes, and adapts, to create verse that is both conceptual and accessible, using relevant materials and techniques from the past and present. This dissertation responds to Queyras’s idea with a collection of original poems in the lyric conceptualist mode, supported by a critical exegesis of that work.
    [Show full text]
  • The ST Cross College Magazine 2015 Ad Quattuor Cardines Mundi
    CROSSWORD THE ST CROSS COLLEGE MAGAZINE 2015 AD QUAttUOR CARDINES MUNDI Contents ST Cross COLLEGE West Quad Campaign UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD 04 An update on the progress towards achieving this landmark project COVER STORY – The 161st Boat Race 05 St Cross students making history on the Tideway The Body in the Garden 06 Recent investigations undertaken by Oxford Archaeology ahead of the construction of the West Quad revealed a body in the garden The St Cross 50th Anniversary Lecture Series 08 This series of termly lectures brought three eminent speakers to Oxford to celebrate the th Crossword – Issue 23 College’s 50 Anniversary Editor: Susan Berrington St Cross Merchandise 09 A selection of gifts, books and momentos Managing Editor: Ella Bedrock Design: Broccoli Creative Design AI Risk 10 Stuart Armstrong looks at the risks associated with Contact details: Artificial Intelligence The Development & Alumni Relations Office St Cross College Students’ News 61 St Giles 12 Oxford ‘Four Corners’ - The St Cross International Poetry OX1 3LZ 13 Competition 2015 Tel: +44 (0)1865 278480 Kate Venables talks of the success of the ‘Four Corners’ Email: [email protected] International Poetry Competition www.stx.ox.ac.uk St Cross College Photography Competition 2015 Cover Image: 14 Students Jamie Cook (MSc Engineering Science) and Shelley Pearson (MSc Child Development Sports News and Education), who were in the winning Dark 16 Blue boats in this year’s Oxford and Cambridge Members’ News Boat Race, with Olympic gold medallist rower 18 Tim Foster (Dip Social Studies, 1996). Matriculation and College Photographs Photo credit: Phil Sills 20 The 2015 Telethon This edition of Crossword is printed using an 22 A conversation from the call room environmentally friendly, waterless printing process, on Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified paper and to Eco Management Audit The Four Corners of the World Scheme (EMAS) standards.
    [Show full text]
  • The Philosophy of Cosmology Edited by Khalil Chamcham , Joseph Silk , John D
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-14539-9 — The Philosophy of Cosmology Edited by Khalil Chamcham , Joseph Silk , John D. Barrow , Simon Saunders Frontmatter More Information THE PHILOSOPHY OF COSMOLOGY Following a long-term international collaboration between leaders in cosmology and the philosophy of science, this volume addresses foundational questions at the limits of sci- ence across these disciplines, questions raised by observational and theoretical progress in modern cosmology. Space missions have mapped the Universe up to its early instants, opening up questions on what came before the Big Bang, the nature of space and time, and the quantum origin of the Universe. As the foundational volume of an emerging academic discipline, experts from relevant fields lay out the fundamental problems of contemporary cosmology and explore the routes toward possible solutions. Written for physicists and philosophers, the emphasis is on con- ceptual questions, and on ways of framing them that are accessible to each community and to a still wider readership: those who wish to understand our modern vision of the Universe, its unavoidable philosophical questions, and its ramifications for scientific methodology. KHALIL CHAMCHAM is a researcher at the University of Oxford. He acted as the exec- utive director of the UK collaboration on the ‘Philosophy of Cosmology’ programme. His main research interests are in the chemical evolution of galaxies, nucleosynthesis, dark matter, and the concept of time. He has co-authored four books and co-edited ten, includ- ing From Quantum Fluctuations to Cosmological Structures and Science and Search for Meaning. JOSEPH SILK FRS is Homewood Professor at the Johns Hopkins University, Research Scientist at the Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS and Sorbonne Universities, and Senior Fellow at the Beecroft Institute for Particle Astrophysics at the University of Oxford.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion in an Age of Science by Ian Barbour
    Religion in an Age of Science return to religion-online 47 Religion in an Age of Science by Ian Barbour Ian G. Barbour is Professor of Science, Technology, and Society at Carleton College, Northefiled, Minnesota. He is the author of Myths, Models and Paradigms (a National Book Award), Issues in Science and Religion, and Science and Secularity, all published by HarperSanFrancisco. Published by Harper San Francisco, 1990. This material was prepared for Religion Online by Ted and Winnie Brock. (ENTIRE BOOK) An excellent and readable summary of the role of religion in an age of science. Barbour's Gifford Lectures -- the expression of a lifetime of scholarship and deep personal conviction and insight -- including a clear and helpful analysis of process theology. Preface What is the place of religion in an age of science? How can one believe in God today? What view of God is consistent with the scientific understanding of the world? My goals are to explore the place of religion in an age of science and to present an interpretation of Christianity that is responsive to both the historical tradition and contemporary science. Part 1: Religion and the Methods of Science Chapter 1: Ways of Relating Science and Religion A broad description of contemporary views of the relationship between the methods of science and those of religion: Conflict, Independence, Dialogue, and Integration. Chapter 2: Models and Paradigms This chapter examines some parallels between the methods of science and those of religion: the interaction of data and theory (or experience and interpretation); the historical character of the interpretive community; the use of models; and the influence of paradigms or programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Introductory Quantum Optics Christopher Gerry and Peter Knight Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 052152735X - Introductory Quantum Optics Christopher Gerry and Peter Knight Frontmatter More information Introductory Quantum Optics This book provides an elementary introduction to the subject of quantum optics, the study of the quantum-mechanical nature of light and its interaction with matter. The presentation is almost entirely concerned with the quantized electromag- netic field. Topics covered include single-mode field quantization in a cavity, quantization of multimode fields, quantum phase, coherent states, quasi- probability distribution in phase space, atom–field interactions, the Jaynes– Cummings model, quantum coherence theory, beam splitters and interferom- eters, nonclassical field states with squeezing etc., tests of local realism with entangled photons from down-conversion, experimental realizations of cavity quantum electrodynamics, trapped ions, decoherence, and some applications to quantum information processing, particularly quantum cryptography. The book contains many homework problems and a comprehensive bibliography. This text is designed for upper-level undergraduates taking courses in quantum optics who have already taken a course in quantum mechanics, and for first- and second-year graduate students. A solutions manual is available to instructors via [email protected]. Christopher Gerry is Professor of Physics at Lehman College, City Uni- versity of New York.He was one of the first to exploit the use of group theoretical methods in quantum optics and is also a frequent contributor to Physical Review A. In 1992 he co-authored, with A. Inomata and H. Kuratsuji, Path Integrals and Coherent States for Su (2) and SU (1, 1). Peter Knight is a leading figure in quantum optics, and in addition to being President of the Optical Society of America in 2004, he is a Fellow of the Royal Society.
    [Show full text]
  • How Special Is Our Universe? Fine-Tuning and Cosmological Natural Selection
    6 DECEMBER 2017 How Special is our Universe? Fine-Tuning and Cosmological Natural Selection PROFESSOR JOSEPH SILK Fine-tuning in Nature If the fundamental constants of nature differed from their measured values, life as we know it would not have emerged. Imagine a universe in which the fine structure constant was slightly larger or smaller than the actual value that we measure. Stars like the sun are witness to a titanic battle between the forces of electromagnetism and gravity. The solar system formed from the ashes of burnt-out stars. Displace this equilibrium slightly and the very existence of nuclear-burning stars is at risk. In such a universe, stars would never have formed, or might have collapsed to black holes. Perhaps there are many other universes, most of which are uncongenial to life. Theories of the multiverse are designed to accommodate the possibility that there are only incredibly rare examples of life-containing universes. We live in one of these, whether by cosmological natural selection or by the consequences of an ultimate theory that has yet to be formulated. Simple physical arguments can account for the fundamental scaling relations of stars and galaxies. To be fair to simulators, the dispersion in these relations contains most of the relevant physics, and can only be adequately explored via state-of-the-art numerical simulations over a vast and currently inadequate dynamical range. Here however I focus here not on the scaling laws but on the actual scales: characteristic, minimum and maximum, from protostars to stars, galaxies and supermassive black holes. Unlike the scientists of antiquity, astronomers today have two significant advantages.
    [Show full text]
  • Didier Queloz Comes to Cambridge
    CavMag JANUARY 2013 Issue 9 News from the Cavendish Laboratory Inside... Editorial 2 Ground-breaking for the Battcock Centre for Experimental 3 Astrophysics DNA Origami Nanopores 4 The Higgs Boson and a Challenge 5 for Supersymmetry Spin Ices and Magnetic 6 Monopoles Wedge Issue 7 50th Anniversary of Brian 8 Josephson’s Nobel Prize Discovery Eryl Wynn-Williams and the Scale- 9 of-Two Counter First Winton Symposium - Energy 10 Efficiency Athene Donald Blogs Physics at 11 Work The Sutton Trust Summer Schools 12 in Physics Outreach and Educational Events 13 Development: Cavendish 3 - 14 Principles for Design Cavendish News 15 Didier Queloz comes to Cambridge xoplanet research is a his appointment is of great themselves at the forefront of this relatively new discipline. significance for future astronomical remarkable quest by capitalising on It started in 1995 with the research in Cambridge. As he synergies and potentials present at first definitive detection writes: Cambridge and in the country. Eof a planet orbiting a normal star beyond the Solar System ‘The search for planetary systems For the next decade, my main by Michel Mayor and Didier orbiting other stars and particularly research objective is to conduct Queloz. Since then the field has the quest to find planets similar a coherent effort towards the expanded exponentially into a to the Earth is one of the great detection and characterisation of major world-wide activity - it scientific, technological and planets with the goal of advancing is one of the areas of modern philosophical undertakings of our our understanding of their Main image: An astrophysics that has particularly time.
    [Show full text]