1 Katherine Freese George E. Uhlenbeck Professor of Physics
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The Transient Gravitational-Wave Sky
Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience The transient gravitational-wave sky This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2013 Class. Quantum Grav. 30 193002 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0264-9381/30/19/193002) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 194.94.224.254 This content was downloaded on 23/01/2014 at 11:14 Please note that terms and conditions apply. IOP PUBLISHING CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY Class. Quantum Grav. 30 (2013) 193002 (45pp) doi:10.1088/0264-9381/30/19/193002 TOPICAL REVIEW The transient gravitational-wave sky Nils Andersson1, John Baker2, Krzystof Belczynski3,4, Sebastiano Bernuzzi5, Emanuele Berti6,7, Laura Cadonati8, Pablo Cerda-Dur´ an´ 9, James Clark8, Marc Favata10, Lee Samuel Finn11, Chris Fryer12, Bruno Giacomazzo13, Jose Antonio Gonzalez´ 14, Martin Hendry15, Ik Siong Heng15, Stefan Hild16, Nathan Johnson-McDaniel5, Peter Kalmus17, Sergei Klimenko18, Shiho Kobayashi19, Kostas Kokkotas20, Pablo Laguna21, Luis Lehner22, Janna Levin23, Steve Liebling24, Andrew MacFadyen25, Ilya Mandel26, Szabolcs Marka27, Zsuzsa Marka28, David Neilsen29, Paul O’Brien30, Rosalba Perna13, Jocelyn Read31, Christian Reisswig7, Carl Rodriguez32, Max Ruffert33, Erik Schnetter22,34,35, Antony Searle17, Peter Shawhan36, Deirdre Shoemaker21, Alicia Soderberg37, Ulrich Sperhake7,38,39, Patrick Sutton40, Nial Tanvir30, Michal Was41 and Stan Whitcomb17 1 School of Mathematics, University of Southampton, -
Listening for Einstein's Ripples in the Fabric of the Universe
Listening for Einstein's Ripples in the Fabric of the Universe UNCW College Day, 2016 Dr. R. L. Herman, UNCW Mathematics & Statistics/Physics & Physical Oceanography October 29, 2016 https://cplberry.com/2016/02/11/gw150914/ Gravitational Waves R. L. Herman Oct 29, 2016 1/34 Outline February, 11, 2016: Scientists announce first detection of gravitational waves. Einstein was right! 1 Gravitation 2 General Relativity 3 Search for Gravitational Waves 4 Detection of GWs - LIGO 5 GWs Detected! Figure: Person of the Century. Gravitational Waves R. L. Herman Oct 29, 2016 2/34 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) In 1680s Newton sought to present derivation of Kepler's planetary laws of motion. Principia 1687. Took 18 months. Laws of Motion. Law of Gravitation. Space and time absolute. Figure: The Principia. Gravitational Waves R. L. Herman Oct 29, 2016 3/34 James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) - EM Waves Figure: Equations of Electricity and Magnetism. Gravitational Waves R. L. Herman Oct 29, 2016 4/34 Special Relativity - 1905 ... and then came A. Einstein! Annus mirabilis papers. Special Relativity. Inspired by Maxwell's Theory. Time dilation. Length contraction. Space and Time relative - Flat spacetime. Brownian motion. Photoelectric effect. E = mc2: Figure: Einstein (1879-1955) Gravitational Waves R. L. Herman Oct 29, 2016 5/34 General Relativity - 1915 Einstein generalized special relativity for Curved Spacetime. Einstein's Equation Gravity = Geometry Gµν = 8πGTµν: Mass tells space how to bend and space tell mass how to move. Predictions. Perihelion of Mercury. Bending of Light. Time dilation. Inspired by his "happiest thought." Gravitational Waves R. L. Herman Oct 29, 2016 6/34 The Equivalence Principle Bodies freely falling in a gravitational field all accelerate at the same rate. -
Black Hole Apocalypse
NOVA: BLACK HOLE APOCALYPSE Premieres Wednesday, January 10, 2018 at 9PM/8C on PBS (check local listings) SUMMER 2017 TCA PRESS TOUR PANELIST BIOS www.pbs.org/nova http://www.facebook.com/novaonline Twitter: @novapbs PAULA S. APSELL Senior Executive Producer, NOVA, and Director, WGBH Science Unit, WGBH Boston Paula Apsell began her work in broadcast typing the public broadcaster WGBH Boston’s daily logs, a job, she notes, that is now mercifully automated. While at WGBH-FM, her next move, she developed the award-winning children’s drama series The Spider’s Web and served as an on-air radio news producer. She then joined WGBH’s pioneering science documentary series NOVA, producing, among several other programs, Death of a Disease, the first long-form documentary about the worldwide eradication of smallpox. Moving to WCVB, the ABC affiliate in Boston, she became senior producer for medical programming, working with Dr. Timothy Johnson. She then spent a year at MIT as a Knight Science Journalism Fellow until she took over the leadership of NOVA, where she is now senior executive producer and director of the WGBH Science Unit. In 2016, Apsell became the second woman and first from the profession of journalism and communications to receive the Galien Foundation’s annual Pro Bono Humanum Award, which recognizes contributions leading to improvements in the state of human health. She is also a recipient of the Bradford Washburn Award from the Museum of Science, Boston; the Carl Sagan Award, given by the Council of Scientific Society Presidents; the American Institute of Physics Andrew Gemant Award; and the Planetary Society’s Cosmos Award, among many others. -
The Philosophy of Cosmology Edited by Khalil Chamcham , Joseph Silk , John D
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-14539-9 — The Philosophy of Cosmology Edited by Khalil Chamcham , Joseph Silk , John D. Barrow , Simon Saunders Frontmatter More Information THE PHILOSOPHY OF COSMOLOGY Following a long-term international collaboration between leaders in cosmology and the philosophy of science, this volume addresses foundational questions at the limits of sci- ence across these disciplines, questions raised by observational and theoretical progress in modern cosmology. Space missions have mapped the Universe up to its early instants, opening up questions on what came before the Big Bang, the nature of space and time, and the quantum origin of the Universe. As the foundational volume of an emerging academic discipline, experts from relevant fields lay out the fundamental problems of contemporary cosmology and explore the routes toward possible solutions. Written for physicists and philosophers, the emphasis is on con- ceptual questions, and on ways of framing them that are accessible to each community and to a still wider readership: those who wish to understand our modern vision of the Universe, its unavoidable philosophical questions, and its ramifications for scientific methodology. KHALIL CHAMCHAM is a researcher at the University of Oxford. He acted as the exec- utive director of the UK collaboration on the ‘Philosophy of Cosmology’ programme. His main research interests are in the chemical evolution of galaxies, nucleosynthesis, dark matter, and the concept of time. He has co-authored four books and co-edited ten, includ- ing From Quantum Fluctuations to Cosmological Structures and Science and Search for Meaning. JOSEPH SILK FRS is Homewood Professor at the Johns Hopkins University, Research Scientist at the Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS and Sorbonne Universities, and Senior Fellow at the Beecroft Institute for Particle Astrophysics at the University of Oxford. -
Religion in an Age of Science by Ian Barbour
Religion in an Age of Science return to religion-online 47 Religion in an Age of Science by Ian Barbour Ian G. Barbour is Professor of Science, Technology, and Society at Carleton College, Northefiled, Minnesota. He is the author of Myths, Models and Paradigms (a National Book Award), Issues in Science and Religion, and Science and Secularity, all published by HarperSanFrancisco. Published by Harper San Francisco, 1990. This material was prepared for Religion Online by Ted and Winnie Brock. (ENTIRE BOOK) An excellent and readable summary of the role of religion in an age of science. Barbour's Gifford Lectures -- the expression of a lifetime of scholarship and deep personal conviction and insight -- including a clear and helpful analysis of process theology. Preface What is the place of religion in an age of science? How can one believe in God today? What view of God is consistent with the scientific understanding of the world? My goals are to explore the place of religion in an age of science and to present an interpretation of Christianity that is responsive to both the historical tradition and contemporary science. Part 1: Religion and the Methods of Science Chapter 1: Ways of Relating Science and Religion A broad description of contemporary views of the relationship between the methods of science and those of religion: Conflict, Independence, Dialogue, and Integration. Chapter 2: Models and Paradigms This chapter examines some parallels between the methods of science and those of religion: the interaction of data and theory (or experience and interpretation); the historical character of the interpretive community; the use of models; and the influence of paradigms or programs. -
2009-2010 UCLA Physics and Astronomy Department 2009-2010 Chair James Rosenzweig
Department of Physics Astronomy& Accelerating a Scientific Revolution: The Birth of the X-ray Free-Electron Laser —A journey from the high energy frontier to ultra-fast x-rays, and back again . .page 2 annual report 2009-2010 UCLA Physics and Astronomy Department 2009-2010 Chair James Rosenzweig Chief Administrative Officer Will Spencer Editor Mary Jo Robertson Feature Article James Rosenzweig Copy Editor Feature Article Barbara Pawley Contributing Editors Francoise Queval, Jenny Lee, Corinna Koehnenkamp, Diana Thatcher and Teresa Laughlin (Donors) Design Mary Jo Robertson © 2010 by the Regents of the University of California Requests for additional copies of the publication UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy 2009-2010 Annual Report may be sent to: Office of the Chair UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy 430 Portola Plaza Box 951547 Los Angeles California 90095-1547 For more information on the Department see our website: <http://home.physics.ucla.edu> Cover: The world’s first hard X-ray free-electron laser started operation with a bang. First experiments at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory’s Linac Coherent Light Source stripped electrons one by one from neon atoms and nitrogen molecules, in some cases removing only the innermost electrons to create “hollow atoms.” Understanding how the machine’s ultra-bright X-ray pulses interact with matter will be critical for making clear, atomic-scale images of biological molecules and movies of chemical processes. (Artwork by Gregory Stewart, SLAC.) Department of Physics& Astronomy 2009-2010 annual report UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA , LOS ANGELES MessageIt is my honor and pleasure from as Chair tothe present to you,Chair: the reader, the 2009-10 Annual Report of the Dept. -
How Special Is Our Universe? Fine-Tuning and Cosmological Natural Selection
6 DECEMBER 2017 How Special is our Universe? Fine-Tuning and Cosmological Natural Selection PROFESSOR JOSEPH SILK Fine-tuning in Nature If the fundamental constants of nature differed from their measured values, life as we know it would not have emerged. Imagine a universe in which the fine structure constant was slightly larger or smaller than the actual value that we measure. Stars like the sun are witness to a titanic battle between the forces of electromagnetism and gravity. The solar system formed from the ashes of burnt-out stars. Displace this equilibrium slightly and the very existence of nuclear-burning stars is at risk. In such a universe, stars would never have formed, or might have collapsed to black holes. Perhaps there are many other universes, most of which are uncongenial to life. Theories of the multiverse are designed to accommodate the possibility that there are only incredibly rare examples of life-containing universes. We live in one of these, whether by cosmological natural selection or by the consequences of an ultimate theory that has yet to be formulated. Simple physical arguments can account for the fundamental scaling relations of stars and galaxies. To be fair to simulators, the dispersion in these relations contains most of the relevant physics, and can only be adequately explored via state-of-the-art numerical simulations over a vast and currently inadequate dynamical range. Here however I focus here not on the scaling laws but on the actual scales: characteristic, minimum and maximum, from protostars to stars, galaxies and supermassive black holes. Unlike the scientists of antiquity, astronomers today have two significant advantages. -
Gravity's Reverb: Listening to Space-Time, Or Articulating The
GRAVITY’S REVERB: Listening to Space-Time, or Articulating the Sounds of Gravitational-Wave Detection STEFAN HELMREICH Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0859-5881 I heard gravitational waves before they were detected.1 I was sitting in a pub in May 2015 with MIT physicists Scott Hughes and David Kaiser, my headphones looped into a laptop. Hughes was readying to play us some interstellar sounds: digital audio files, he explained, that were sonic simulations of what gravitational waves might sound like if, one day, such cosmic undulations arrived at detection devices on Earth. Gravitational waves are tiny but consequential wriggles in space-time, first theorized by Einstein in 1916— vibrations generated, for example, by such colossal events as the collision of black holes or the detonation of supernovae. Listening to Hughes’s .wav representations of black holes spiraling into one another, I heard washing-machine whirs, Ther- emin-like glissandos, and cybernetic chirps—noises reminiscent, I mused, of mid- twentieth century sci-fi movies (see Taylor 2001 on space-age music). Audio 1. Circular inspiral, spin 35.94% of maximum, orbital plane 0Њ,0Њ viewing angle. Created by Pei-Lan Hsu, using code written by Scott Hughes. Audio 2. Generic inspiral, eccentricity e = 0.7, inclination i =25Њ. Created by Pei-Lan Hsu, using code written by Scott Hughes. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Vol. 31, Issue 4, pp. 464–492, ISSN 0886-7356, online ISSN 1548-1360. ᭧ by the American Anthropological Association. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.14506/ca31.4.02 GRAVITY’S REVERB These were sounds that, as it turned out, had a family resemblance to the actual detection signal that, come February 2016, would be made public by astronomers at the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), an MIT-Caltech astronomy collaboration anchored at two massive an- tennae complexes, one in Hanford, Washington, another in Livingston, Louisiana. -
1 Katherine Freese Director, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics
1 Katherine Freese Director, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita) Roslagstullsbacken 23, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden +46 70 416 8881, [email protected] George E. Uhlenbeck Professor of Physics Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 +1 (734) 604-1325 (cell), [email protected] Citizenship: USA Education: Sept. 1973 - June 1974: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sept. 1974 - June 1977: Princeton University, B.A. in Physics ’77 Sept. 1979 - Jan. 1982: Columbia University, M.A. in Physics ’81 Feb. 1982 - Aug. 1984: University of Chicago, Ph.D. in Physics ’84 Thesis Advisor: Dr. David N. Schramm Positions: 1984-85 Postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Center for Astrophysics 1985-87 Postdoctoral fellow at Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, California 1987-88 Presidential Fellow at UC Berkeley 1988-91 Assistant Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1991-99 Associate Professor of Physics (with tenure), University of Michigan 1999-2009 Professor of Physics, University of Michigan 2009– George E. Uhlenbeck Professor of Physics, University of Michigan 2014– Director, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita) Awards, Honors and National/International Service: 2013: Invited lecturer at Carl Friedrich von Siemens Foundation ”Nymphenburg Talks”, Nymphenburg Palace, Munich, Germany 2012: Awarded Honorary Doctorate (Honoris Causa) at the University of Stockholm 2012: Simons Foundation Fellowship in Theoretical Physics 2011-2012: Member, Executive Board of the American -
Probes of the Early Universe
Probes of the Early Universe by Max Erik Tegmark B.A., Stockholm School of Economics, 1989 B.A., Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 1990 M.A., University of California at Berkeley, 1992 A dissertation submitted in satisfaction of the final requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics in the Graduate Division of the University of California at Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Joseph Silk, Chair Professor Bernard Sadoulet Professor Hyron Spinrad April 1994 The dissertation of Max Tegmark is approved: Chair Date Date Date University of California at Berkeley April 1994 Probes of the Early Universe °c 1994 by Max Tegmark Abstract Probes of the Early Universe by Max Erik Tegmark Doctor of Philosophy in Physics University of California at Berkeley Professor Joseph Silk, Chair One of the main challenges in cosmology is to quantify how small density fluctuations at the recombination epoch z ¼ 103 evolved into the galaxies and the large-scale structure we observe in the universe today. This thesis discusses ways of probing the intermediate epoch, focusing on the thermal history. The main emphasis is on the role played by non- linear feedback, where a small fraction of matter forming luminous objects can inject enough energy into the inter-galactic medium (IGM) to radically alter subsequent events. The main conclusions are: ² Early structures corresponding to rare Gaussian peaks in a cold dark matter (CDM) model can photoionize the IGM early enough to appreciably smooth out fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CBR), provided that these early struc- 8 tures are quite small, no more massive than about 10 M¯. -
Shaping the Future
The Royal Society 6–9 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG tel +44 (0)20 7451 2500 fax +44 (0)20 7930 2170 email: [email protected] www.royalsoc.ac.uk The Royal Society is a Fellowship of 1,400 outstanding Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation Influence policymaking with individuals from all areas of science, engineering and the best scientific advice Invigorate science and mathematics education Increase medicine, who form a global scientific network of the access to the best science internationally Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder highest calibre. The Fellowship is supported by a and excitement of scientific discovery Invest in future scientific leaders and in permanent staff of 124 with responsibility for the innovation Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice Invigorate science and mathematics education day-to-day management of the Society and its activities. Increase access to the best science internationally Inspire an interest in the joy, As we prepare for our 350th anniversary in 2010, we are wonder and excitement of scientific discovery Invest in future scientific leaders working to achieve five strategic priorities: and in innovation Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice Invigorate • Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation science and mathematics education Increase access to the best science internationally SHAPING THE FUTURE • Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery Review of the Year 2006/07 • Invigorate science and mathematics education • Increase access to the best science internationally • Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery Issued: August 2007 Founded in 1660, the Royal Society is the independent scientific academy of the UK, dedicated to promoting excellence in science Printed on stock containing 55% recycled fibre. -
Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space Author: Janna Levin Publishing Date: March 29, 2016 Available As Audio-Book Also
Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space Author: Janna Levin Publishing Date: March 29, 2016 Available as audio-book also This book explains what it takes to win a Nobel Prize. It all goes back to Einstein’s general relativity published already in 1916 predicting gravitational waves, later mathematically supported by Schwarzschild’s solution for the collapsing of black holes. The author Janna Levin published her book in 2016, right at the time the announcement of the first direct observation of gravitational waves with a billion $ expensive equipment called LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory), and a year before Rainer (Rai) Weiss, Kip Thorne and Barry Barish received the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics. The LIGO observatory is described as an unbelievable sensitive arrangement of measuring equipment being capable “to measure a change in distance comparable to less than a human hair relative to 100 billion times of the circumference of the world” (10-23 strain). Being a Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Janna Levin had first hand access to the scientists to describe their endeavor from the very beginning in the 1960’s and to illustrate their astonishing and fascinating backgrounds, their life-long struggles, trials and tribulations to contribute their share to cosmological science – and as it turned out, it was not straightforward at all, but finally was honored by the Nobel Prize. Jana Levin wrote this book “at the eve of success” being published on March 29th , 2016 not knowing of the first official announcement of a gravitational wave detection on February 11th 2016, which makes the charm of the book because the author herself believed in the success of the experiment despite almost unsurmountable precision an analytical requirements.