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dy ced Stu ced 2014 – Report for the Academic Year 2013 for Advan Institute IAS

Institute for Advanced Study Report for 2013–2014 www.ias.edu (609) 734-8000 EINSTEIN DRIVE PRINCETON, NEWJERSEY 08540 INSTITUTE FORADVANCED STUDY eot fteCara n h ietr4 Director the and Chairman the of Reports Table of Contents of Table h nttt o dacdSuy6 for AdvancedStudy Institute The pca rgasadOtec 50 Outreach andPrograms Special colo itrclSuis10 Studies Historical of School colo aua cecs30 Sciences Natural of School colo oilSine42 Social of School colo ahmtc 20 of School eodo vns58 Events of Record 1IdpnetAdtr’ Report Independent Auditors’ 91 Faculty and PastDirectors and 89 Administration 88 Founders,Board Trustees, the of Officers and 87 Acknowledgments 79 and of the Corporation the of and

DAN KING CLIFF COMPTON REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN

I feel incredibly fortunate to directly experience the Institute’s original Faculty members, retired from the Board and were excitement and wonder and to encourage broad-based support elected Trustees Emeriti. We have been profoundly enriched by for this most vital of institutions. Since 1930, the Institute for their dedication and astute guidance. Advanced Study has been committed to providing scholars with The Institute’s mission depends crucially on our financial the freedom and independence to pursue curiosity-driven research independence, particularly our endowment, which provides in the sciences and humanities, the original, often speculative 70 percent of the Institute’s income; we provide stipends to thinking that leads to the highest levels of understanding. our Members and do not receive tuition or fees. We are The Board of Trustees is privileged to support this vital immensely grateful for generous financial contributions from . In 2013–14, we were very pleased to welcome Jeffrey Faculty, Trustees, Friends, Members and Visitors, foundations, Harvey, Distinguished Service Professor at the and other supporters of the Institute’s work. As of June 30, 2014, , who succeeds as the $74 million had been raised toward the $100 million unrestricted Academic Trustee for the School of Natural Sciences; Margaret challenge grant from the and the Charles Levi, Jere L. Bacharach Professor of International Studies at the and Lisa Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences, announced in University of and Director of the Center for 2011. The grant, which must be matched by funds from donors Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford Univer- by 2015, serves as the basis for a $200 million campaign to sup- sity, who succeeds William Sewell as the Academic Trustee for port academic freedom at the Institute. The research described the School of Social Science; and Shirley Tilghman, President in the following pages is only possible because of our many Emerita and Professor of Molecular and Public Affairs benefactors whose contributions provide individual support for at . In addition, Harold Shapiro, President each scholar, help maintain our productive environment, and Emeritus and Professor of Economics and Public Affairs at provide a critical platform for future breakthroughs. Princeton University, and Marina v.N. Whitman, the only child Charles Simonyi of , who was one of the Institute’s five Chairman of the Board

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

The Institute is a remarkable environment for concentration, Our Faculty were recognized with major awards and recog- inspiration, and ingenuity. Founding Director Abraham Flexner’s nition, including Danielle Allen, who was elected Chair of the idea of creating an institution focused on the advancement of Pulitzer Prize Board; Patricia Crone, who received the 2013 “useless knowledge”—the deep ideas motivated by curiosity— Giorgio Levi Della Vida Medal; , who was awarded has provided a haven for scholars to find answers to difficult the 2014 Wolf Prize in Mathematics; Richard Taylor, who was questions for more than eight decades. A full-campus celebration chosen for an inaugural in Mathematics; and in Septem ber 2013 of the ninetieth birthday of Professor Emeri- , who was recognized with the 2014 Kyoto Prize tus , whose keen observations and intrepid spirit in Basic Sciences. have inspired generations at the Institute and beyond, was a Composer Sebastian Currier began as the Institute’s fifth reminder of the extraordinary scope and impact of our mission. Artist-in-Residence, curating the Edward T. Cone Concert Series. In 2013–14, distinguished economist Dani Rodrik joined In addition, we welcomed Fred Van Sickle, most recently Executive the School of Social Science as Albert O. Hirschman Professor, Vice President for University Development and Alumni Relations at and we announced the appointment of Sabine Schmidtke, a , as Chief Development Officer and Associate leading scholar of Islamic history. In July 2014, Sabine Director for Development and Public Affairs, and Mark Baumgart - will succeed Patricia Crone, Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the ner, formerly Director of Asset Allocation and Risk at the Ford School of Historical Studies, who will transition to Emerita status Foundation, who joined the Institute as Chief Investment Officer. and whose pioneering and innovative approach to the history I hope you will feel inspired by the following report, which of Islam has brought about lasting change in the . Also tran- provides a survey of the ideas, questions, and research underway sitioning to Emerita status in July is Joan Wallach Scott, who has at the Institute—from theories about the very beginnings of the served as a Professor in the School of Social Science for nearly universe to studying the environment in the social sciences.

three decades and whose groundbreaking work has challenged Collectively, they assert the power of curiosity. ANDREA KANE the foundations of conventional historical practice. We are deeply Robbert Dijkgraaf grateful for their remarkable work and influence. Charles Simonyi (left), Chairman of the Board of Trustees, and Robbert Dijkgraaf (right), Director of the Institute and Leon Levy Professor, attend Director and Leon Levy Professor the Dreams of Earth and Sky conference held in honor of Professor Emeritus Freeman Dyson’s ninetieth birthday and his sixtieth year as a member of the Institute Faculty.

4 5 The Institute for Advanced Study

It was founding Director Abraham Flexner’s belief that if the Institute “eschews the chase for the useful, the of its scholars will be liberated, they will be free to take advantage of surprises, and someday an unexpected discovery, apparently leading nowhere, will be found to be an indispensable link in a long and complex chain that may open new worlds in theory and practice.”

FROM THE DEVELOPMENT of programmable computers and the uncovering of the deep symmetries of to advances in societal understanding and historical practice, long and complex chains of knowledge have developed in numerous and astounding ways through research originating at the Institute for Advanced Study for more than eighty years. was one of the first in a long line of distinguished Institute scientists and scholars who have produced a deeper understanding of the physical world and of humanity. Yet the Institute’s remarkable history does not seem to weigh heavily on current scholars and scientists. Instead, the atmosphere focuses on the present, where every twist and hairpin bend changes our view. What do we know? What do we yet need to understand? How should we try to comprehend it? Work at the Institute takes place across historical studies, mathematics, natural sciences, and social science. Currently, a permanent Faculty of some thirty eminent academics each year award fellowships to some two hundred visiting Members, from about one hundred universities and research institutions throughout the world. The Institute’s reach has been multiplied many over through the more than seven thousand Members who have influenced entire fields of study as well as the work and minds of colleagues and stu- dents. Thirty-three Nobel Laureates and forty out of fifty-six Fields Medalists, as well as many winners of the Wolf and MacArthur prizes, have been affiliated with the Institute. At the Institute, everything is designed to encourage scholars to take their research to the next level. This includes creating and sustaining an environment where Members live in an academic village of apartments, originally designed by Marcel Breuer in 1957, at the edge of the Institute’s eight hundred acres of campus, woodland, and farmland. Members eat in the same dining hall, share common rooms and libraries, and carry out their work in an institutional setting where human scale has been carefully maintained to DAN DAN KOMODA

Robbert Dijkgraaf described how the properties of molecules, atoms, nuclei, and elementary allow us to answer simple questions about the world around us, including what makes the grass green and the sky blue, in the first of a new series, Science for Families.

7 encourage the sharing of ideas, mutual understanding, and friendship. Each year a new intellectual mix is created by the Members, ranging from young postdoctoral fellows to distinguished senior professors, who typically stay a year but may stay up to five years and return for subsequent visits throughout their careers. A period spent as a Member is often a life- changing experience. Young scholars meet the contemporaries who, with them, will be leading figures in their field in the future. Senior Members have the and freedom to initiate new lines of research. Freed from teaching and administration, Members are afforded opportunities for discussing their Above and left: In 2013, Freeman Dyson (at right, first image) work with scholars and scientists from other celebrated his ninetieth birthday and also marked his sixtieth fields. Here they are given the time to take year as a Professor at the Institute, the longest tenure of any Faculty member in the Institute’s history. When Dyson first advantage of serendipitous encounters at arrived as a Member in 1948, the Institute was less than lunch, teatime, or at After Hours Conversa- twenty years old. Dreams of Earth and Sky, a conference tions, an interdisciplinary program to and celebration conceived by Dyson’s colleagues in the School encourage wide-ranging conversations in of Natural Sciences and held September 27–28, provided a perspective on his work and impact across the sciences and an informal and relaxed environment. humanities. The program featured a range of talks on mathe- Throughout the year, the Institute hosts matics, physics, , and public affairs that reflect both a broad array of concerts, lectures, and the diversity of Dyson’s interests and his ability to open new programs for the Institute community and dialogues. the public. In addition, the Institute offers numerous and varied activities for Members, Visitors, and their families—from family science talks and children’s activities to play Below and right: The Institute and Princeton University cohosted readings, jazz evenings, tennis lessons, and Strings 2014 on June 23–27, which convened international trips to museums and other cultural sites. experts and researchers to discuss theory. A total of six In the 2013–14 academic year, two hundred participants attended Strings 2014, making it one of the largest Strings conferences since their inception in 1995. The special events included Dreams of Earth and Strings conferences are focal points in the field, with scientists Sky, a conference to celebrate the ninetieth from around the world presenting new work and reviewing the birthday and indelible contributions of most recent developments. Strings 2014 followed in this tradition, Professor Emeritus Freeman Dyson, and aiming for a unified presentation of the many strands of modern and stimulating scientific exchanges among the Strings 2014, one of string theory’s most researchers in the field. important gatherings of international experts and researchers, which overlapped with the Institute’s summer outreach program, Prospects in . Fundamental research at the Institute furthers our grasp of a world of diverse facts, structures, ideas, and cultures. This is due in large part to the precious freedom that Faculty and Members at the Institute experience—an independence enabled by the generosity of the Institute’s founders and subsequent benefactors. We share the conviction of our founders that such unrestricted deep thinking will change this world, but where and how is always a surprise.

8 PHOTO CREDITS, CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: DAN KOMODA, DAN KOMODA, DAN KOMODA, ANDREA KANE, AMY RAMSEY, DAN KING, DAN KOMODA PHOTO CREDITS, CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: DAN KOMODA, DAN KOMODA, DAN KOMODA, DAN KOMODA, DAN KOMODA, ANDREA KANE 9 School of Historical Studies

The School of Historical Studies, established in 1949 with the merging of the School of Economics and Politics and the School of Humanistic Studies, supports scholarship in all fields of historical research, but is concerned principally with the history of Western, Near Eastern, and Asian , with particular emphasis upon Greek and Roman , the history of Europe (medieval, early modern, and modern), the Islamic world, East Asian studies, art history, the and philosophy, and modern international relations. The School actively promotes interdisciplinary research and cross-fertilization of ideas.

AN EXCEPTIONALLY LARGE DIVERSITY OF SUB-FIELDS characterizes the work of the School of Historical Studies. But among the themes that FACULTY are attracting the interest of both Faculty and Members are the history of Yve-Alain Bois ideas and mentality and the connections between historical studies and Angelos Chaniotis other disciplines, especially the natural sciences and the life sciences. Patricia Crone Seminars for the 2013–14 Members included modern international Andrew W. Mellon Professor relations, which addressed issues of empire in the post-Napoleonic world Nicola Di Cosmo and looked in particular at the imperial policies of the Ottoman, Qing, Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies French, and Russian empires. In ancient history, there was an emphasis on Patrick J. Geary the neglected subject of ancient law and the study of new epigraphic Jonathan finds. There was a large and lively group of scholars on Islamic studies discussing subjects that ranged from the first centuries of Islam to the First PROFESSORS EMERITI World War as experienced by Ottoman soldiers. Persian studies seem to be making a comeback after decades of decline. In art history, Members Glen W. Bowersock addressed similar issues that concern the connection between text and Caroline Walker Bynum image, generating particularly lively discussions. Giles Constable The School carries out a broad range of outreach activities with Christian Habicht conferences, international events, and lectures in universities and Irving Lavin museums. The Faculty also cosponsors lectures, workshops, and seminars Peter Paret with Princeton University (for example, in art history and early modern Heinrich von Staden history). Visiting Professor Michael van Walt van Praag organized in March Morton White a high-level meeting of experts, senior diplomats—including several ambassadors to the United Nations—and U.N. officials to explore the future of the Responsibility to Protect norm. The application of this emerging international norm is of critical importance today given experiences in Syria and the Central African Republic and developments in South Sudan. With the support of the Dr. S.T. Lee Fund for Historical Studies, the

AMY RAMSEY School attracts a wider audience through its S.T. Lee Lectures. In 2013–14,

Briony Fer, History of Art Professor at University College , examines Russian artist Kazimir Malevich’s systemic method, and the significance of its historical repercussions, in a public lecture, “Malevich’s Nervous System.” Her talk was part of an art history lecture series co-organized by Professor Yve- Alain Bois and cosponsored by the Institute for Advanced Study and the Department of Art and Archaeology at Princeton University. 11 van Walt invited Gareth Evans, one National d’Histoire de l’Art in seller, the History of Apollonius, King of II: Emotions in and Rome: Texts, of Australia’s longest-serving foreign in November, in a seminar on cubism Tyre. Annie Bourneuf finished a book Images, Material Culture (Stuttgart, 2013), ministers and President Emeritus of the at the National Gallery of Art in on Paul Klee and began a new one on he published several studies on emotions International Crisis Group, who spoke Washington, D.C., in October, and, abstraction in art and literature at the in Greek historiography, public debates, on the future of the Responsibility to throughout the academic year, in a think time of . Bois also co-orga- religion, and law (amnesty). The Protect principle. Joshua Fogel, former tank on Picasso’s sculpture at New York’s nized (with Professor Irene Small) the presentation of selected sources in a Visiting Professor (2001–03) and in preparation sixth series of public lectures cospon- searchable database (http://emotions. Professor at York University, gave a for an exhibition on the same subject. sored with the Department of Art and classics.ox.ac.uk) facilitates the use of second S.T. Lee Lecture on modern Due to his massive involvement in the Archaeology at Princeton University. paradigms from Greek antiquity by both Sino-Japanese relations. Kelly project, Bois’s publications were The main focus of Professor classicists and research ers of emotions In 2013–14, Professor Yve-Alain limited in scope during the past academic Angelos Chaniotis’s work was on new in other disciplines. He also worked on Bois pursued his work on the catalogue year. They include a “state of the field” epigraphic evidence and the a book manu script that will present a raisonné of the paintings and sculpture essay on art history in America for a it provides for Greek social, cultural, and history of “The Greek World from of the American artist Ellsworth Kelly. three-volume report on the humanities religious history. He coedited Supplemen- Alexander to Hadrian.” The manuscript of the first volume, published in France, an essay on Henri tum Epigraphicum Graecum LIX (Leiden, In August and September, Chaniotis whose completion was delayed by the Matisse and the role his travels played in 2013), worked on his book “Epigraphic lectured in Australian universities and discovery of paintings and drawings that the development of his art for Getty Research at Aphrodisias, 1995–2014,” high schools as a Visiting Professor of were thought lost or destroyed, is now publications, an essay on the little- and completed two issues of the the Australian Archaeological Institute at the press, its publication scheduled known French painter Christophe Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion at Athens. He also lectured at Columbia for early 2015. Verfaille, and the revised edition of two (for 2010 and 2011). In a long article, University and in Athens, Heidelberg, Although this did not leave Bois essays previously published regarding “Mnemopoetik: Die Epi graphische Liège, and Thessalonike. As a member ANDREA KANE much time for any other scholarly Venezuelan artist Gego and the Italian Konstruktion von Erinnerung in den of the Italian Comitato Nazionale dei During her stay as a Member at the Institute, Jing Tsu (center), pictured here in discussion with activity, he presented two films (in July artist Lucio Fontana. Griechischen Poleis,” he explores how Garanti per la Ricerca and the Scientific Member Ursula Birgit Brosseder (right), examined how the advent of modern Western scientific thinking was interpreted by Chinese , amateur scientists, and industrialists in a rising 2013 at Industry in and At the Institute, Bois’s art history inscriptions were used in order to con- Committee “Sciences Humaines et cultural market for empirical novelties and falsifiable knowledge. in April 2014 at ) seminar benefited from a rare conver- struct collective memory in Greek cities. So ciales” of the National Fund for in which the French literary critic gence in the interest of its participants Since most Members and Visitors in Scientific Research in Belgium, he topic to the modern world was the The conference was made possible by Roland Barthes had been involved, and who were all addressing similar issues ancient studies in the academic year contributed to the evaluation of research First World War, when Member Yücel financial support from the Fritz Thyssen he gave a lecture on Kelly’s late work at concerning the connection between text 2013–14 shared similar interests, both in the humanities in these countries. In Yanikdag˘spoke about the perceptions Foundation, and the proceedings are the Phillips Collection in Washington, and image. Anastasia Drandaki, a Byzan- the seminar on ancient studies (January– December 2013, the Academy of Athens and experiences of Ottoman soldiers of expected to be published. D.C., in September, on abstraction in tinist, examined how religious paintings April 2014) and the second Epigraphic elected him Corres pon ding Member. In that war. He was a member of Visiting Crone herself worked with Masoud twentieth-century art at the Museum promoted ideas of religious tolerance Friday (March 14, 2014) focused on March 2014, he was named Commander Professor Michael van Walt van Praag’s Jafarijaze, with whom she has collabo- of Contemporary Art of Montréal in and coexistence between the Latin West inscriptions and papyri. The discussions of the Order of the Phoenix by the group, and he also attended Professor rated before, on a Persian heresiography October, on color systems in twentieth- and the Orthodox East. Michele Mat- concerned the interpretation of new and President of Greece. Jonathan Israel’s seminars, at least from probably composed in Tabriz in the century art at the Musée des Beaux-Arts teini explored the cultural and artistic old epigraphic finds from Greece and Patricia Crone, Andrew W. Mellon time to time, but he spent a good deal fourteenth century, which she hopes de Lyon in November, and on the life of a neighborhood in Beijing in the Asia Minor as well as aspects of Greek Professor, spent her last year as an active of time with the Islamicists, both to complete in the coming year. French artist Sophie Calle at Boston’s late eighteenth and early nineteenth law (amnesty, arbitration, homicide law, member of the Faculty with a large and academically and socially. Attending Crone received many honors during Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in centuries, in which literary “scholars” protection of graves), economy (water diverse group of people studying sub- seminars outside the section to which the academic year 2013–14. Her most December. (poets, calligraphers, and painters) management in Hellenistic Egypt), and jects related to the Near and Middle one formally belongs is quite common. recent book, The Nativist Prophets of Bois also participated in a symposium cohabited. Anna Boreczky studied the culture (inscribed epigrams). East, but not always to Islam. The group The academic year ended with a Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local on Hubert Damisch at the Institut illustration history of a medieval best- Chaniotis’s project “The Social and was so large because it often inclu ded conference on the city of Rayy to assess Zoroastrianism, received four prizes (as Cultural Construction of Emotions: both Princeton University graduate stu- the impact of the Seljuq Turks, who a contribution to Islamic, Iranian, and The Greek Paradigm,” funded by the dents and former Members of IAS, and invaded the Islamic world from western Central Asian studies and to history in European Research Council and based the result was both lively seminars and a Turkestan in the eleventh century and general), and she received an honorary THE NATIVIST PROPHETS OF EARLY ISLAMIC IRAN in , was completed in December great deal of socializing. The main sub- started the transformation of Byzantine doctorate at the University of Leiden, by Patricia Crone 2013. The project examined how words jects studied by the group and presented into a Turkish c ountry. Their an honorary membership of her former (Cambridge University Press, 2012) and images function as acoustic and in the seminars related to the transition impact on intellectual and religious life college in Cambridge, the Georgio Levi In 2013–14, Patricia Crone received four prizes for The visual signals that attract attention, from the pre-Islamic to the Islamic Near in Iran has not been properly studied, Della Vida medal, the most prestigious Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: the Albert Hourani arouse emotion, stimulate memory, and East, to systematizing theology (kalām) and Rayy was chosen because its award in the field of Islamic studies, and Book Award, for outstanding work in Middle East studies; influence decision-making. This and philosophy, and above all, to Iran. religious and intellectual life before an honorary doctorate at the Hebrew the Houshang Pourshariati Iranian Studies Book Award; research has demon strated the increased Present were a contingent of Members the coming of the Seljuqs is unusually University of Jeru salem. Having started the Central Eurasian Studies Society Book Award; and the importance of emotional display in from Iran (though they did not all come well documented. Several Members her career with a provocative monograph American Historical Society’s James Henry Breasted Prize public life in certain historical periods directly from there), as well as others were speakers, but many other speakers that was much debated (but which for the best book in English in any field of history prior to (ca. 300 B.C.E.–200 C.E.). In addition to working on Iranian subjects, both traveled to the Institute from Europe ultimately prompted a new direction C.E. 1000. coediting the volume Unveiling Emotions Zoroastrian and Muslim. The nearest and other parts of the U.S. to participate. for the study of the first centuries of

12 13 2014 in the Proceedings of the National Hsiang-lin in modern medicine, and curators, and historians from around Dutch Golden Age, history of philo - Academy of Sciences. The question at the Jing Tsu in the cultural history of the Mediterranean to examine how sophy, early modern Central America, heart of this study is whether the new science in twentieth-century China. medieval-era materials are integrated and the Enlightenment. information on Mongolian climate Professor Patrick Geary continued into differing national narratives across Israel delivered public lectures change based on tree-ring analysis can to direct a long-term, collaborative, the region. At the Institute, Geary and conference keynote addresses be the basis of a new hypothesis on the and interdisciplinary project that brings organized a series of lunchtime seminars on the Enlightenment at Marburg, role of climate in the history of pastoral together geneticists, historians, and for Members and delivered a public Wroclaw, Lyon, Zurich, Brock Uni - nomads in ancient and medieval times. archaeologists from the , lecture, “Rethinking Barbarian Invasions versity in Niagara, and Krakow. Among Taking the Mongol empire as a case Germany, Italy, Austria, , through Genomic History.” his articles appearing this year were study, the question of how the political Britain, and the Czech Republic to Professor Jonathan Israel “‘Radical Enlightenment’—Peripheral, and social fabric of pastoral nomads can study early medieval population demo - continued developing his broad inter- Substantial, or the Main Face of the be impacted by economic upturns or graphics through the analysis of ancient pretation of the Western Enlightenment Trans-Atlantic Enlightenment down turns due to climate variability DNA. To date, his team has collected (1650–1830) in European and American (1650–1850),” Diametros 40 (June constitutes a new avenue of investigation over 1,100 samples and is in the process contexts, which has proved increasingly 2014), 73–98; “Civilisation and the that might add a critical new dimension of extracting and sequencing their divisive. Within the field of intellectual ‘State of Nature’ in the Quarrel to our under standing of the historical DNA. The technology that his project history there has been considerable between Rousseau and the Diderot emergence of nomadic empires in the employs, Next Generation Sequencing, agreement with, and supplementary Circle,” in Civilisation, edited by Kurt Asian steppes. Di Cosmo lectured on generates very large data sets, and the work expanding, his main themes— Almqvist and Alexander Linklater this theme at Arizona State University problem of analyzing recombinant DNA work central to the internat ional (Stockholm, 2014); “The Radical and West University and gave a to establish relationships is creating conference on the Radical Enlighten- Enlight enment’s Critique of Free - keynote lecture for the Gerda Henkel computational challenges. He discussed ment held in Brussels in May 2013, the masonry: From Lessing to Mirabeau,” Foundation in Berlin. On a broader these challenges in the School of proceedings of which will be published in Lumières radicales et franc-maçonnière, spectrum of theoretical issues, Di Cosmo Mathematics’s “Work shop on Topology: by Ashgate. But many historians and edited by Cécile Révauger and Jean has been interested in the methods used Identifying Order in Complex Systems,” philosophers have also reacted in a Mondot (Universite Bordeaux by scientists to connect climatic and in the lecture “Tracing Medieval hostile fashion to the broad revisions Montaigne, 2013); and “Leibniz’s AMY RAMSEY historical events on one end, and on the Migration through Next Generation implied regarding our understanding of Theodicy as a Critique of Spinoza

The academic year ended with a short conference on the city of Rayy to assess the impact of the use of scientific data by historians on the Sequencing: Finding Meaningful the relationship between the Enlighten- and Bayle—And Blueprint for the Seljuq Turks, who invaded the Islamic world from western Turkestan in the eleventh century and other. He gave a lecture on this topic at Models in a Sea of Data.” He also ment and the French, American, and Philosophy Wars of the 18th Century,” started the transformation of Byzantine Anatolia into a Turkish country. Pictured above, from left, the Institute in May 2014. presented the project at lectures held at other revolutions down to 1830, and in New Essays on Leibniz’s Theodicy, Members Deborah Tor (seated), Hassan Farhang Ansari, Sabine Schmidtke, Professor Patricia Crone The academic work of Members the American Historical Association’s the origins of modern democracy and edited by Larry M. Jorgensen and (seated), and Jan Thiele (seated) of the University of London gave talks at the conference, the proceedings of which are expected to be published. in East Asian studies was very intense, annual meeting, as well as at Yale, human rights. Israel’s book on ideology Samuel Newlands (Oxford, 2014). with twenty encounters during the Harvard, the University of , in the French Revolution, Revolutionary Islam), Crone was personally pleased to American, Mongol, and Chinese year. All events demonstrated the Los Angeles, Heidelberg, Tübingen, Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French be recognized with full honors in the scholars. In the summer of 2013, he vibrancy of East Asian studies in Berlin, and . In March, he Revolution from The Rights of Man to FACULTY & EMERITI AWARDS year of her retirement. visited the Orkhon Valley in Mongolia, general, but a few excelled in showing held a weeklong team meeting at the Robespierre, was published by Princeton In 2013–14, Nicola Di Cosmo, where he joined a team of phy sical innovative methods or future avenues Foundation des Treilles near Nice, University Press in March 2014. Shortly Caroline Walker Bynum was awarded Luce Foundation Professor in East geographers (dendrologists) wor king on of study (especially interdisciplinary) in France, at which preliminary results afterwards, a general survey of these the Grand Merit Cross with of the Asian Studies, continued to work on the historical climate of Mon golia. A which East Asia will play a major role. of the project were presented and recent Enlightenment debates, edited Order of Merit of the Federal Republic collaborative projects that involved related study was published in March Among them it is worth noting, first of plans were made for the next phase by Israel together with Martin Muslow, of Germany. all, the opening up of China studies to of the project. a former IAS Member and now a frontiers and peripheries. Li Zhang and He also delivered lectures at the professor at Erfurt, appeared under the Angelos Chaniotis was bestowed the Ursula Brosseder in archaeology, David British Academy, the Newberry Library, title Radika laufklärung (Berlin, 2014). Order of the Phoenix (Commander) by REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS by Jonathan Israel Robinson and Matthew Mosca in the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and Israel led the seminar on early the President of the Greek Republic. (Princeton University Press, 2014) history, Nancy Steinhardt in art history, the University of Greifswald and assisted modern history in which IAS Members Patricia Crone received the 2013 Jonathan Israel explores how the French Revolution was and Stephen West, Paize Keulemans, the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in the work ing on European and New World Giorgio Levi Della Vida Medal for set in motion by radical eighteenth-century doctrines, how and Wilt Idema in literature, all showed selection of directors for its new Max topics from the Renaissance to the Excellence in Islamic Studies from the these ideas divided revolutionary leaders into vehemently the importance of frontier regions Planck Institute for the Science of nineteenth century (and sometimes G. E. von Grunebaum Center for Near opposed ideological blocs, and how these clashes drove the and exchanges with foreign cultures Human History. He continues to other areas) regularly participated, as Eastern Studies at the University of turning points of the Revolution. Revolutionary Ideas tells how in Chinese history and literature. A mentor the American Academy in well as the eighteenth-century seminar, California, Los Angeles. the fierce rivalry between various groups shaped the course second strong trend is the relevance Rome’s Andrew W. Mellon Foundation- which he runs jointly with colleagues of the Revolution, from the Declaration of Rights, through of East Asia in various branches of the sponsored seminar “Framing Medieval in the history department at Princeton Peter Paret was awarded the Great Cross liberal monarchism and democratic republicanism, to the history of science, as shown by David Mediterranean Art,” which brings University. The discussions ranged from of the Order of Merit of the Federal Terror and the Post-Thermidor reaction. Pankenier in archaeoastronomy, Lei together art historians, archaeologists, Jewish and Russian history to the Republic of Germany.

14 15 2013–14 MEMBERS AND VISITORS Masoud Jafarijaze Sebastian Prignitz Nikolay Vladimirovich Tsyrempilov Islamic History ! Institute for Advanced Study ! a Epigraphy, Classical Archaeology ! Inscriptiones Buddhism and International Relations in Modern f First Term ! s Second Term ! v Visitor ! vp Visiting Professor ! a Research Assistant ! j Joint Member School of Social Science Graecae, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Inner Asia ! Russian Academy of Sciences Katherine L. Jansen Wissenschaften ! s George Kennan Member Medieval History ! The Catholic University of William D. Loughlin Member; additional funding America ! f provided by the Hetty Goldman Membership Fund Henk van Nierop George William Cottrell, Jr., Member The Dutch Golden Age ! University of Hassan Farhang Ansari Ursula Birgit Brosseder Bonnie Effros Matthew B. Restall Amsterdam ! s Sara Kaczko Intellectual and Legal Studies ! Freie Universität Eurasian Archaeology ! Rheinische Friedrich- History of Archaeology; Early Medieval History and Latin America/Caribbean ! The Pennsylvania Greek Literature, Epigraphy, Linguistics ! Università Michael van Walt van Praag Berlin Wilhelms-Universität Archaeology ! University of Florida State University ! f degli Studi di Roma, La Sapienza ! s Modern International Relations and International Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow; George Kennan Member; additional funding provided Willis F. Doney Member David Robinson Law ! Institute for Advanced Study ! vp additional funding provided by the Hetty Goldman by the Hetty Goldman Membership Fund Sean William Anthony Chinese History ! Colgate University Membership Fund Sean Hsiang-lin Lei Sitta von Reden Islamic History, Late Antiquity ! University of Stefan Esders The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies History of Science and Medicine in Modern East Ancient History ! Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Oregon ! f Rainer Brunner History of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Endowment Fund Member Asia ! Institute of Modern History, Academia Freiburg The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Islamic Studies ! Centre National de la Recherche Ages ! Freie Universität Berlin ! f Sinica Roberto Romani Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Assistant Professors Scientifique, Paris Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies Modern Intellectual History ! Università degli Emmanuel Voutiras Alison Beach Judith Ann-Marie Byfield Mehrdad Fallahzadeh Endowment Fund Member; additional funding Studi di Teramo ! s Classics, Greek and Roman Archaeology, Medieval Religious Women ! The Ohio State African History ! Historical Music Theory ! Uppsala University provided by the Herodotus Fund The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Member Greek Epigraphy ! Aristotle University of University Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Edward T. Cone Member in Music Studies; Michele Matteini Kim Lane Scheppele ! s Funding provided by the Patrons’ Endowment and additional funding provided by the Elizabeth and History of Chinese Art ! Reed College Law ! Princeton University ! j Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth Fellow; the Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Whitehead Giorgio Caravale J. Richardson Dilworth Fellowship Fund Early Modern European Intellectual History ! The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for additional funding provided by The Andrew W. Fellowship Fund Sabine Schmidtke Università degli Studi Roma Tre Paul R. Goldin Assistant Professors Mellon Foundation Islamic Intellectual History ! Freie Universität Edyta Bojanowska Gerda Henkel Stiftung Member Classical Chinese History and Philosophy ! Naphtali S. Meshel Berlin Barbara Walker Russian Literature and History ! Rutgers, University of Pennsylvania ! f Mark Cruse Religion ! Princeton University Modern History ! University of Nevada, Reno The State University of New Jersey Willis F. Doney Member Stephen J. Shoemaker Medieval French Literature ! Arizona State Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Frederick Burkhardt Fellowship funded by the Matthew W. Mosca Religion in Late Antiquity ! University of University Monica H. Green American Council of Learned Societies Chinese History ! The College of William & Mary Oregon ! f Xi Wang AMIAS Member; additional funding provided by the History of Medicine ! Arizona State University The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund Chinese History; Mongolian and Manchu Studies ! Anna Boreczky Herodotus Fund Willis F. Doney Member; additional funding provided Assistant Professors Renmin University of China ! a Medieval Manuscript Illumination, History of by the National Endowment for the Humanities Gerhard Thür Anastasia Drandaki Illustration ! National Széchényi Library, Budapest Laura Nenzi Ancient Greek Law ! Österreichische Akademie Stephen H. West Byzantine Art and Archaeology ! Benaki Museum, Christopher Hamlin The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Member; Early Modern Japanese History ! University of der Wissenschaften ! v, s Chinese History and Literature of the Tenth to Athens History of Science, Technology, and Medicine ! additional funding provided by the Elizabeth and Tennessee ! s Sixteenth Centuries ! Arizona State University Funding provided by the Herodotus Fund University of Notre Dame J. Richardson Dilworth Fellowship Fund Martin L. and Sarah F. Leibowitz Member Deborah Tor Funding provided by The Andrew W. Mellon Hans Kohn Member Medieval Islamic History ! University of Notre Yaacob Dweck Foundation and the National Endowment for the Annie Bourneuf David William Pankenier Dame Early Modern Intellectual History ! Princeton Kaja Harter-Uibopuu Humanities European Art of the Early Twentieth Century ! Archaeoastronomy, Astrology, , and History Funding provided by The Andrew W. Mellon University Ancient Greek Law, Greek Epigraphy ! School of the of Ancient China ! Lehigh University Foundation Jocelyn Wogan-Browne The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowships for Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften ! s Felix Gilbert Member; additional funding provided The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies Medieval Literature ! Fordham University ! s Assistant Professors Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies by the Herodotus Fund Endowment Fund Member Stephen V. Tracy Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro Member; additional Greek History and Epigraphy ! Institute for Patricia Ebrey Colin Heydt funding provided by the Herodotus Fund David Prager Branner Christopher Charles Parslow Advanced Study ! v Chinese History ! ! f Early Modern History of Philosophy ! University of Chinese Philology ! Columbia University ! f Roman Archaeology ! Wesleyan University ! f Yücel Yanikda˘g Funding provided by The Andrew W. Mellon South Florida Willis F. Doney Member Funding provided by the Fund for Historical Studies Jing Tsu Ottoman and Turkish History ! University Foundation Funding provided by the National Endowment for History of Science and Technology in Modern China; of Richmond the Humanities Comparative Methods ! ! s George Kennan Member Funding provided by the Patrons’ Endowment Fund

PHOTO CREDITS, L TO R: DAN KOMODA, ANDREA KANE, AMY RAMSEY, DAN KOMODA, ANDREA KANE, ANDREA KANE

Left: George Kennan Member Nikolay Tsyrempilov studies the role of Tibetan Buddhism in the modern history of Inner Asia, particularly how Buriat- Left: George Kennan Member Bonnie Effros gives a lunchtime talk on how the French army’s destruction of ancient Roman monuments in Algeria following Mongolian lamas lobbied in the upper circles of Russia and attempted to transmit European conceptions of state and politics to Mongolia and Tibet. the 1830 invasion also encouraged officers to document and preserve antiquities. Center: East Asian Studies workshop participants look at Hakka and Center: Professor Angelos Chaniotis (at left, center) leads an ancient studies seminar in a talk on new inscriptions from Aphrodisias. Right: Professor Patrick Minnanese songs and ballads about overseas migration from Late Imperial and Early Republican China. Right: While Members at IAS, Michele Matteini Geary presents his work on tracing medieval migration through Next Generation Sequencing to an audience of biologists and at a topology (right) explored the cultural and artistic life of a neighborhood in Beijing in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and Annie Borneuf (left) workshop, “Identifying Order in Complex Systems,” held by the Institute’s School of Mathematics. worked on books about Paul Klee and about abstraction in art and literature at the time of World War I.

16 17 YVE-ALAIN BOIS ON NICOLA DI COSMO ON ELLSWORTH KELLY AND How are things that look THE MONGOL EMPIRE apparently very simple in fact Did an unusually favorable climate much more complex than create conditions for a new political they seem? Professor Yve- order under Chinggis Khan? Profes- Alain Bois has been exploring sor Nicola Di Cosmo is working this question in his work on on a National Science Foundation- the catalogue raisonné of the funded project, “Pluvials, Droughts, paintings and sculpture of Energetics, and the Mongol Empire,” the American artist Ellsworth a rare collaboration between scientists ROY DELGADO ROY ELLSWORTH KELLY ELLSWORTH ISRAEL ANTIQUITIES AUTHORITY AND THE THE SHELBY AND AUTHORITY ANTIQUITIES ISRAEL AND WHITE LEON LEVY MOSAIC CENTER LOD Kelly. As a teenager, Bois and historians who are trying to recalls feeling betrayed when under stand a growing collection of historical climate data. Based on data collected EDYTA BOJANOWSKA ON GLEN BOWERSOCK ON he learned of the “figurative” origin of Kelly’s works, such as his first in Mongolia, the project aims to study a particular set of circumstances, namely, EMPIRE PAGANISM AND THE LOD masterpiece, earlier known as Construction—Relief in White, Grey and White, the rise to power of Chinggis Khan and the beginning of one of the most MOSAIC now known as Window, Museum of Modern Art, Paris (1949), since it repli- remarkable events in world history. “Everyone knows Chinggis Khan but no one Multiethnic empire? Colonialism? cated in reduced size, one of the windows of the pre-Centre Pompidou, has so far been able to clearly explain the process through which the Mongols These aren’t topics that are typically Were pre-Islamic pagans monotheists, espousing Musée National d’Art Moderne (see images above). “I gradually came became so powerful nor why they would feel compelled to move out of Mongo- associated with Russian literature, yet one supreme god supported by lesser gods to understand the function of the ‘figurative’ origin of many of [Kelly’s] lia and conquer most of the Eurasian landmass,” says Di Cosmo. “The reason why Member Edyta Bojanowska argues that and messengers? Professor Emeritus Glen French paintings and reliefs—how it had nothing to do with representa- the rise of the Mongols, and their appetite for conquest, has never been explained “a sprawling, expansionist, multiethnic Bowersock’s view is that most pagans were, in tion but rather with a non-compositional system, which I call the ‘transfer,’ is simple on the surface: there are no sources that can tell us what happened. Every empire was a determing factor of fact, polytheists. Bowersock has been exploring and, in turn, how this relates to other non-compositional strategies in his history book repeats, with greater or lesser accuracy, what we learn from a special Russian history since at least the mid- the concepts and practice of paganism in late work of this period. In short, I was finally able to absolve Ellsworth from Mongol source, the epic saga, orally composed and transmitted sometime in the sixteenth century.” Bojanowska’s research antiquity with special attention to pagan angels the ‘high crime and misdemeanor’ I had been accusing him of as a teenage mid-thirteenth century, known as the Secret History of the Mongols.” looks at the cultural heritage of works in pre-Islamic Arabia, Syria, Palestine, and prosecutor. The intellectual, visual, and affective pleasure I took in granting Climate scientists involved in the project have reconstructed the climate of such as Ivan Goncharov’s two-volume early Byzantine Anatolia.These angels evoke this absolution was only the beginning of a wonderful friendship.” Read the Orkhon Valley, located in east-central Mongolia, for more than a thousand literary travelogue The Frigate Pallada the pagan context from which Muhammad’s more at www.ias.edu/bois-kelly. years. Di Cosmo’s project aims to understand how a wetter climate, with an (depicted above in an 1854 Nagasaki Believers brought Islam to Palestine in the increment of the grassland biomass and increasing levels of , could have print), which influenced Russian impe- seventh century, as the Persian empire of the aided the rise of a more powerful state. “While the end of the twelfth century rial history. “To this day, whether in state Sassanians was coming to an end. Bowersock (especially the 1180s decade) was marked by prolonged droughts, the period from pageantry, politics, or contemporary presented his conclusions in Paris at the ONATHAN SRAEL ON REEDOM AND HEATER 1211 to 1225 was instead marked by persistently wet conditions, which would culture,” says Bojanowska, “nineteenth- Collège de France at the end of September J I F T have increased the available pasturage, thus allowing for an increase in livestock,” century Russia continues to supply 2013 in a lecture that has appeared in the How did freedom of the theater prom- says Di Cosmo. “Such an anomalous sudden transition from a prolonged dry Russians with revered national icons that journal Cahiers Glotz. ise to be a major extension of liberty? period to a prolonged wet period should indeed create conditions that might inform their vision of the larger world At the same time, Bowersock has been Professor Jonathan Israel explores how have affected the formation of a new political order in Mongolia.” Read more and their own place in it.” Read more preparing an introduction to the publication of the French Revolution raised the issue at www.ias.edu/dicosmo-climate. at www.ias.edu/bojanowska-empire. the great mosaic from Lod in Israel, which will of liberty from theater censorship, some- be housed in a new museum that is being con- thing that did not exist in Europe at the structed on the site through the generosity of time, or anywhere, and never had. The Institute Trustee Shelby White. This beautiful playwright Marie- Chénier led a ICHAEL VAN ALT VAN RAAG ON DENTITY ASED ONFLICTS but enigmatic mosaic, depicting animals but publicity campaign demanding that his M W P I -B C not humans, comes from the late third century. antimonarchical play Charles IX be per- How should conflicting perceptions of history be addressed in identity-based conflicts, especially intrastate ones? The recent discovery at Kfar’Othnay of a much formed for the public good. (Charles IX Michael van Walt van Praag,Visiting Professor of International Relations and International Law, is exploring the less beautiful mosaic of the same date that is shown in the sixteenth-century paint- origins and development of divergent narratives that emerged from distinct civilizational worlds that coexisted mentions “God Jesus Christ” supports the ing, at left, in front of the Parliament of for centuries in Inner, East, and Southeast Asia and how they were transformed into modern conflictual national possibility, already suggested by the excavator, Paris on August 26, 1572, attempting to histories and instruments of political contestation. Van Walt’s initial thoughts on the subject formed the basis of a that the Lod mosaic also belonged to a very justify the Saint Bartholomew’s Day paper, which he presented in Ulaanbaatar in the summer, at the thirteenth seminar of the International Associ- early Christian building. Bowersock had argued massacre.) According to Israel, the ation of Tibetan Studies hosted by the National University of Mongolia.The relationship between history and previously that the central medallion at Lod Charles IX uproar in 1789–90 was a conflict resolution in the Middle Ages and the present was also the subject of a pair of lectures (see image at represents Isaiah’s Peaceable Kingdom, which major cultural revolutionary episode right) given in February as part of the Dialogues/Graduate Seminar Series at Villa La Pietra (New York Univer- was familiar to both Jews and Christians, but with implications extending beyond sity’s Florence campus) with Professor Katherine Jansen, a Member in the School of Historical Studies in the

he can now compare a new fragment at Lod, freedom of expression to the social fall and a fellow of the American Academy in Rome. In the summer, van Walt presented a paper at the India UNIVERSITY YORK VILLA LA PIETRA, NEW OF COURTESY which has unmistakably Christian images of function of culture itself. Read more International Center in New Delhi (to be published in the fall of 2014), on a series of agreements concluded one hundred years ago at

doves and a chalice. VATICAN XIII, FOR SALA REGIA, POPE ARTIST GREGORY ITALIAN UNKNOWN at www.ias.edu/israel-freedom. Simla in British India that are of importance today to tensions between China and India regarding competing territorial claims.

18 19 School of Mathematics

The School of Mathematics, established in 1933, was the first School at the Institute for Advanced Study. Several central themes in mathematics of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries owe their major impetus to discoveries that have taken place in the School, which today is an international center for research on mathematics and .

How are two central themes of — theory and non-equilibrium dynamics—related? In 2013–14, the School FACULTY of Mathematics held a special program, Non-equilibrium Dynamics and Random Matrices, which was led by Distinguished Visiting Professor IBM von Neumann Professor Horng-Tzer Yau from , a leading expert in both fields, Helmut Hofer and Professor Thomas Spencer of the School of Mathematics. They were Robert MacPherson joined by Visiting Professor Jürg Fröhlich, Eidgenössische Technische Professor Hochschule Zürich; senior Members László Erdös, University of Munich; Peter Sarnak , Warwick University; John Imbrie, University of Virginia; Thomas Spencer Antti Kupiainen, University of Helsinki; Joel Lebowitz, Rutgers, The State Richard Taylor Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professor University of New Jersey; Jeremy Quastel, University of Toronto; and Her- Vladimir Voevodsky bert Spohn, Technische Universität Mün chen. Several of these senior Avi Wigderson Members received high honors during the year: Hairer was recognized Herbert H. Maass Professor with a 2014 Fields Medal; Lebowitz was awarded the 2014 Grande Médaille, the highest honor of the French Academy; and Spohn received PROFESSORS EMERITI the 2014 Cantor Medal, the highest distinction of the German Mathemat- Enrico Bombieri ical Society Pierre Deligne The study of large random matrices in physics originated with the Phillip A. Griffiths work of who in the 1950s used them to predict the energy Robert P. Langlands level statistics of a large nucleus. Today these statistics, called Wigner-Dyson statistics, are believed to describe a wide class of strongly correlated systems and are expected to obey a universal law, which depends only on the class. They appear in many parts of physics and mathematics including statistics, , quantum chaos, , communication theory, and quantum dynamics in a random environment. In number theory, extensive numerical studies show the zeros of the exhibit Wigner-Dyson statistics. Proving the observed universality for a broad class of systems was one of the central themes pursued during the year, and it will remain an active domain of

ANDREA ANDREA KANE research for many years to come.

During the 2013–14 academic year, Nicholas Sheridan held a series of lectures on homological mirror symmetry, a field within the broader discipline of . Sheridan is also using tropical geometry to study invariants of symplectic manifolds, such as symplectic and the Fukaya category. A Veblen Research Instructor, Sheridan holds a four-year appointment at both Princeton University and the Institute. 21 However, using a combination of ject of a great deal of activity within theo- be developed to find these subsets? coupling, homogenization, and regularity retical physics. The precise mathematical This work follows from a special theory of parabolic partial differential problem was proposed by David Huse, a program organized by the School in equations, this last main problem in the physicist at Princeton University and a 2011–12 to explore the possibility of a class of the Wigner-Dyson-Mehta frequent participant in the program. serious inter action between symplectic conjecture has finally been resolved. ______geometry and the field of dynamical Although universality at the scale The mathematical theory of dynamical systems, leading to a possible new field of eigenvalue spacing has been the main systems provides tools to understand the known as symplectic dynamics. Particu- focus of many universality results, inter- complex behavior of many important larly noteworthy at that time were results esting questions emerge regarding the physical systems. Of particular interest by Barney Bramham, a postdoctoral mesoscale fluctuations. It turns out that are Hamiltonian systems, which often fellow at IAS who was able to answer the sub-leading terms to the well-known arise when modeling systems having a some important questions in dynamical Altshuler-Shklovskii formula for the band preserved quantity, like energy. Since systems, which seemed intractable. matrix were not completely accurate. Poincaré’s fundamental contributions, many Hamiltonian systems have potentially This was accomplished in a joint work mathematical tools have been developed interesting applications. For example, the by Member Antti Knowles and Erdös. to understand such systems. Surprisingly, movement of a satellite under the influence Originally, the KPZ equation was pro- these developments led to the creation of of the sun and the planets can be modeled posed by Kardar, Parisi, and Zhang (1986) two seemingly unrelated mathematical this way. One knows that this is a chaotic to describe the motion of growing fronts. disciplines: the field of dynamical systems system, and the fact has been used since Large-scale mathematical activities started and the field of symplectic geometry. 1990 in moving around scientific - DAN DAN KOMODA in the seminal work of former Member Hamiltonian systems are better under - crafts in a fuel-efficient way and length- 4 At the Institute, Member Martin Hairer gave a number of lectures on the dynamical φ3 model and spent time working on the theory of for very Percy Deift and Kurt Johansson (2000). stood in a combination of symplectic ening their useful life span. The recently singular stochastic partial differential equations, with the ultimate goal of using the objects built by this theory to describe spacetime fluctuation fields for a variety The wide interest in the KPZ equation geometry and dynamical systems theory. developed symplectic methods hold of systems from statistical mechanics near criticality. Hairer was awarded a 2014 Fields Medal. stems from its role in connecting seem- In particular, symplectic field theory, a promise for a much more global approach Non-equilibrium dynamics describes Schlein, Yau, and Jun Yin, proved that this equations to discover the foundations ingly different mathematical worlds, in theory proposed by , for finding interesting orbit designs. Hofer systems that are in flux. Examples include dynamic reaches local equilibrium very of the universality. It was very effective particular, Dyson’s Brownian motion, Alexander Givental, and Professor Helmut is developing these ideas with a graduate fluid dynamics, weather, and models in the rapidly. Their result resolved some long- for Wigner matrices and other mean- quantum Toda chain and related Hofer in 2000, which defines invariants student from Princeton University. financial and biological sciences. Although standing conjectures about the universality field type matrices (such as Erdös- integrable models, statistical mechanics for symplectic , has great potential The research group in symplectic non-equilibrium dynamics are ubiquitous of eigenvalue spacing for Wigner matrices. Renyi graphs). In order to apply this of line ensembles, directed polymers in a for studying Hamiltonian systems. With geo metry at IAS was led by Hofer, in the real world, it is one of the most This is a remarkable example of how idea to non-mean field type matrices, random medium, tilings, stochastic lattice collaborators Kris Wysocki and Eduard Members Daniel Cristofaro-Gardiner, challenging domains of mathematics and non-equilibrium dynamics can be used such as band matrices or the random gases, and stochastic conservation laws in Zehnder, Hofer nears the end of a Joel Fish, Doris Hein, and Veblen physics. Unfortunately, we still have only to obtain universality. Schrödinger equation, several partici- one dimension. During the program, sev- decade-long, 600-page two-part book Research Instructor Nicholas Sheridan, limited mathematical tools to analyze it. The program had four main themes: pants of the program (including the eral introductory lectures were given on project, Polyfolds and Fredholm Theory, a who gave a mini-course on homological Nevertheless, there has been success in the • The foundations of the universality of previous names, as well as Member the KPZ equations and the recent construction of symplectic field theory. mirror symmetry. The joint symplectic study of special stochastic models, which random matrices. The program aimed to Paul Bourgade) have gradually progress in that direction. Initially, Hofer thought he could complete geometry seminar with Princeton Uni- are closely related to random matrices. unlock the deep, underlying reasons as pursued the idea of using quantum Another major objective of this year’s it in a few years, but developing the theory versity was organized by the symplectic These include Dyson-Brownian motion, to why random matrix statistics appear unique ergodicity (QUE) as a tool special program was to understand the required the resolution and streamlining working group at IAS and Gang Tian and used to study universality of Wigner to be ubiquitous. More specifically, we for going beyond mean-field theory. applications of random matrix theory. The of many problems and issues, including matrices, and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang would like to understand the spectral QUE was a concept pioneered by School had lectures on condensed the generalization of (KPZ) equation, which is a ubiquitous statistics for non-mean field type former Member Zeév Rudnick and physics, biology, engineering, number and nonlinear analysis. The theory involves FACULTY & EMERITI AWARDS class of random dynamical models. models, such as band matrices or Professor Peter Sarnak in their work theory, theory, and a large class of a new type of spaces called Phillip Griffiths was awarded the The KPZ equation is a stochastic the random Schrödinger equation. on manifolds. It plays an important statistics. These lectures provide excellent polyfolds. These can be finite- and infi- American Mathematical Society’s Leroy equation in one dimension that describes • KPZ universality. Although this equa- role here because, heuristically, a non- maps for future directions in random nite-dimensional, usually have varying P. Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement. surface growth and rough interfaces in tion is understood in special cases, mean field model effectively behaves matrix theory. Interesting progress has dimensions, and provide a powerful tool to crystals. Its fluctuations are known to be there are many interesting variations, like a mean-field one, provided that also been made toward applications of study certain classes of partial differential Helmut Hofer received the 2013 Heinz closely related to the lowest eigenvalue of which should belong to the same QUE holds for this model. During current methods of statistics. The result equations. Hopf Prize from Eidgenössische a random matrix. Many features of KPZ universality class. the year, concrete progress was made (by Knowles-Yau-Yin), roughly speaking, Hofer and colleagues are focused Technische Hochschule Zürich. exhibit “stochastic integrability,” and it is • Applications of random matrix theory to toward proving QUE for random provides a very precise description regard- on developing symplectic geometry Peter Sarnak received the 2014 Wolf also related to asymptotic representation other areas of mathematics and to large matrices, and its application to non- ing when the principal component analy- tools that can be used to ask dynamical Prize in Mathematics from the Wolf theory. data statistics, combinatorics, and condensed mean field models is very promising. sis is correct. In , questions about Hamiltonian systems, Foundation. Freeman Dyson, Professor Emeritus matter physics. Progress was also made concerning Member John Imbrie recently established such as: Are there rest points, i.e., states in the School of Natural Sciences, • Topics in non-equilibrium . universality at fixed energy. Due to a impressive mathematical results about which will not change over time, or Richard Taylor was one of five formulated Dyson-Brownian motion to A few years ago Erdös, Schlein, Yau, lack of an algebraic formula, the fixed localization for strongly disordered quan- are there periodic movements? Is there mathematicians to receive the study eigenvalues of random matrices. and Yin applied Green’s functions, energy universality had remained an open tum interacting spin systems. Localization a collection of invariant subsets with Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics from The work of Members Erdös, Benjamin , and parabolic differential problem for the real symmetric matrices. for interacting systems has been the sub- complicated dynamics, and can a theory the Breakthrough Prize Foundation.

22 23 Penka Georgieva of Princeton University. Jean Bourgain, and former Member classically chaotic mechanical system, complexity. Information complexity is Members Cristofaro-Gardiner, Fish, Alexander Gamburd about seven years which is very difficult to analyze an extension of the classical information and Visitor Joanna Nelson jointly with ago and has interesting applications to rigorously. But because they are modular theory of . Most of Hofer and former Members Michael diophantine equations. In particular, forms, number theoretic tools can be information theory deals with one person Hutchings and Dusa McDuff are organiz- Sarnak is interested in diophantine used to understand what is going on. The who wants to send information to another ing a summer school at IHES, Bur-sur- problems known as thin groups, which theme of much of Sarnak’s work is to person across some kind of noisy channel. Yvette, in July 2015 on moduli problems are non-arithmetic, have very few construct, using number theory, explicit The basic problems involved are correct- in symplectic geometry, which is elements, and do not fit into the objects coming from number theory, ing the errors, understanding how much concerned with the polyfold theory automorphic world. In the past, there which appear as though they are random. information can be transferred, the amount and geometric perturbation methods. were no tools to address these thin ______of redundancy needed, and so on. ______groups, but now there are some Together with Member Chris Skinner Information complexity and com- A workshop on topology was organized rudiments of very general tools for and Sophie Morel, both of Princeton munication complexity are about two or by Hermann Weyl Professor Robert attacking these diophantine problems. University, Richard Taylor, Robert and more people interacting. For example, MacPherson, former Member Randall These tools utilize inputs from many Luisa Fernholz Professor, continued to two people want to agree on when they’ll Kamien of the University of different fields, but an unusual input organize a working group on algebraic meet next week, solve some complicated Pennsylvania, and Konstantin Mischaikow comes from so-called expander graphs number theory. A group of Faculty, problem involving their individual

of Rutgers, The State University of New in computer science and combinatorics. Members, postdocs, and graduate students knowledge, or agree on a secret. For such ANDREA KANE Jersey. The talks occurred during the first Sarnak is using ideas from computer from the Institute, Princeton, and tasks, basic questions include determining Member Inna Zakharevich (left) organized an informal seminar dedicated to reading A. Goncharov’s paper term, and the locations of the workshops science to show that these thin groups, Columbia University met once a week the best communication-efficient way for on hyperbolic manifolds and mixed Tate motives. Zakharevich is pictured here with Mehrdad Mirbabayi of alternated between the University of and certain objects and graphs associated to work through in detail some of Peter accomplishing them, as well as how do the School of Natural Sciences. Pennsylvania and Rutgers. Speakers were with them, are expanders. Scholze’s papers on perfectoid spaces— we cope with errors? To study this model, they introduced a Sciences, Charles Simonyi Professor Professor Patrick Geary (IAS); Andrew Another topic that Sarnak has been very large spaces with a particular Visiting Professor Ran Raz, Member problem they call “population recovery” Edward Witten gave the talk “A New Blumberg, University of Texas, Austin; working on involves random matrix collection of properties—which have Gillat Kol, and their colleagues worked that captures that learning problem. Effi- Look at the Jones Polynomial of a Knot”; Raúl Rabadán, Columbia University; theory, particularly as it relates to the become a powerful tool with implications to recreate the theory of bidirectional cient algorithms for this problem were Professor spoke on Rob Vandervorst, Vrije Universiteit, zeros of a random polynomial. With Igor for various subjects, including geometry, communication, an area that is rich, developed, but many problems remain “Dual ity and Emergent Gauge Symme- Amsterdam; Peter Bubenik, Cleveland Wigman, Sarnak has shown that there is algebraic geometry, p-adic , complicated, and related to other questions open and are currently under study. try”; Professor Juan Maldacena addressed State University; , some universal behavior for the topology and extensions of the Langlands program, in computational complexity. In particular, ______“Emergent Geometry: The Duality Cambridge University and University of a random real variety, which suggests a set of far-reaching conjectures Raz and Kol achieved a very important A Goncharov reading group was organ- between and Quantum Field of Pennsylvania; Rakesh Vohra, University connections to percolation theory in developed by Professor Emeritus Robert result related to the capacity of the ized by Member Inna Zakharevich as an Theory”; and Professor Stanislas Leibler of Pennsylvania and John Beggs, Indiana mathematical physics. It is believed that Langlands.This is the second year in a channel, meaning given some amount informal seminar the goal of which was gave the talk “On the (Un)reasonable University. when a classically chaotic system is row during which the working group has of noise, how much information can be to read and understand A. Goncharov’s (In)effectiveness of Mathematics ______quantized, the eigenstates behave like been devoted to this topic. In addition, relayed at what cost or redundancy. This is paper “Volumes of Hyperbolic Manifolds in Biology.” Among other projects, Professor Peter certain random functions. The belief Scholze, of the Mathematisches Institut well understood in the unidirectional case, and Mixed Tate Motives.” The group met The weekly Mathematical Conversa- Sarnak worked on the affine sieve, which is that a highly excited modular form de Universität Bonn, came to the but they applied it in the bidirectional weekly, and each meeting had an informal tions continued to attract Faculty, Mem- was introduced by Sarnak, Professor corresponds to the of a Institute in February to give the thirty- case. Another important result they talk by one of the participants on a topic bers, short-term visitors, and Members sixth Lectures on obtained is proving the optimal gap that was necessary for the paper, such as from Natural Sciences and mathemati- “Arithmetic Hyperbolic 3-manifolds, between information complexity and Hodge theory, algebraic K-theory, and a cians from neighboring universities. This Perfectoid Spaces, and Galois communication complexity. basic theory of motives. Although the is an informal seminar covering many Representations.” One project that occupied Avi speakers were asked to prepare an hour aspects of mathematics and occasionally In his own work,Taylor continued to Wigderson, Herbert H. Maass Professor, of material, the talks ended up being long, physics and biology with an emphasis on focus on a project with former Members involves the basic scientific problem of about two hours each. The rest of the creating a dialogue between the speaker Michael Harris and Kai-Wen Lan, and trying to understand the mechanisms time was filled with participants asking and the audience. A few highlights were a Jack Thorne, involving regularity and self- underlying basic systems (physical, bio- questions and discussing examples. The talk by Etienne Ghys about clothing sur- duality in the Langlands program. The logical, digital, etc.) from their behavior. original idea of the group meeting was to faces (with an international mystery story regular self-dual case has become fairly The classical model (e.g., within compu- make it possible for everyone, regardless about a lost manuscript by Chebyshev on complete. Taylor, Harris, Lan, and Thorne tational learning theory) is assuming that of their background, to understand the the side), Wigderson’s talk explaining how asked, “Can we go beyond this regular the system is black-box, namely we can basics of each topic. The seminar was to efficiently test an alien’s claim to have self-dual setting?” In a 200-plus-page only observe its input-output relation. quite a success with a good turnout of a winning strategy at chess, and Member paper, their main innovation was remov- However, in this model there are many people from different backgrounds: group Mark Goresky’s talk about how Professor ing the self-duality hypothesis on the examples of natural systems that cannot theory, physics, number theory, algebraic Emeritus Pierre Deligne’s solution of the AMY RAMSEY automorphic representation. Taylor is now be understood (or learned) efficiently. geometry, and algebraic topology. Weil conjectures finds natural applications Pictured here at the Dreams of Earth and Sky conference, Distinguished Visiting Professor Horng-Tzer Yau thinking about extending these results. With his collaborators, Wigderson In February, Spencer and Fröhlich in phones and GPS. (Deligne’s (second from left) studies the connection between the universality of random matrices and quantum ______defined a “gray-box” model, which allows organized cross-disciplinary informal talks response, when asked what he thought unique ergodicity in the setting of random matrices, as well as related questions in other matrix models; the connection between the KPZ equation random matrices; and applications of random matrix theory in In theoretical computer science, one the observer partial and changing snapshots by Institute Faculty, which attracted a large of these practical applications of his biology, statistics, engineering, and finance. major object of study was information of the internal workings of the system. audience. From the School of Natural work: “I do not complain.”)

24 25 2013–14 MEMBERS AND VISITORS Arno Kret Oana Pocovnicu Michael Spiess Number Theory ! Institute for Advanced Study Mathematics ! Institute for Advanced Study Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry ! Universität f First Term ! s Second Term ! m Long-term Member ! v Visitor ! vp Visiting Professor ! dvp Distinguished Visiting Professor ! vri Veblen Research Instructorship ! Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Bielefeld vnf von Neumann Fellowship Antti Kupiainen Jeremy Quastel Herbert Spohn Noga Alon Anna Gwenaelle Cadoret Daniel R. Grayson Mathematical Physics ! University of Helsinki ! f Probability ! University of Toronto Statistical Mechanics ! Technische Universität Combinatorics ! ! vp, f Arithmetic Geometry ! Institute for Advanced Mathematics ! University of Illinois at Urbana- Funding provided by the James D. Wolfensohn Fund München Maksym Radziwill Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Founders’ Study ! vnf Champaign Joel Lebowitz Number Theory ! Institute for Advanced Study Florian Sprung Circle Visiting Professor; additional funding provided Funding provided by the Fernholz Foundation and Funding provided by the Oswald Veblen Fund and Statistical Mechanics, Mathematical Physics ! Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Number Theory ! Institute for Advanced Study and by the Charles Simonyi Endowment and the National the National Science Foundation The Bell Companies Fellowship Fund Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Princeton University ! vri Science Foundation Ran Raz Ana Caraiani Philipp Habegger Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Zhen Lei Computational Complexity ! Weizmann Institute of Andris Ambainis Number Theory ! Institute for Advanced Study and Number Theory ! Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Applied Mathematics ! Fudan University ! s Science ! vp Christine Taylor Computer Science ! University of Latvia ! vnf, s Princeton University ! vri Main ! vnf, f Funding provided by the S. S. Chern Foundation for Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Evolutionary Game Theory, of Cooperation ! Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Daniel Cristofaro-Gardiner Mathematics Research Fund and the Charles Simonyi Endowment Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton Stefanos Aretakis Symplectic Geometry ! Institute for Advanced Study Martin Hairer Endowment University ! v Michael Reiterer Partial Differential Equations, Mathematical Physics ! Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Probability, Analysis ! ! s Brandon Levin Mathematical Physics ! Institute for Advanced Simone Warzel Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton Number Theory ! The University of Chicago Study Mathematical Physics ! Technische Universität University ! vri Anindya De Doris Hein Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the Giorgio and Elena Petronio München ! vnf, f Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Theoretical Computer Science ! Institute for Symplectic Geometry ! Institute for Advanced Study Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Fellowship Fund and the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Allison Lewko Roland Bauerschmidt Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Theoretical Computer Science, Mathematics ! Colleen Robles Charles Weibel Mathematical Physics ! Institute for Advanced Study Olga Holtz Columbia University ! v Geometry ! Institute for Advanced Study K-theory, Motivic Cohomology ! Rutgers, The State Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Andrew Drucker Analysis ! University of California, Berkeley ! vnf, s Computer Science ! Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the Fernholz Foundation University of New Jersey Mark Lewko Costante Bellettini Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Harmonic Analysis ! Institute for Advanced Study Jeffrey Schenker Horng-Tzer Yau Mathematics and Geometric Analysis ! Institute for Hao Huang László Erdös Combinatorics, Theoretical Computer Science ! Mathematical Physics ! Michigan State University Probability Theory, Mathematical Physics ! Harvard Advanced Study and Princeton University ! vri Xue-Mei Li Quantum Dynamics, Mathematical Physics ! Institute for Advanced Study ! v University ! dvp Mathematics ! University of Warwick ! v, s Benjamin Schlein Vladimir Berkovich Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Funding provided by The Ambrose Monell John Imbrie Mathematical Physics ! Rheinische Friedrich- Foundation and the Charles Simonyi Endowment Non-Archimedean Analytic Geometry ! Weizmann AMIAS Member; additional funding provided by the Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine Mathematical Physics ! University of Virginia Wilhelms-Universität Bonn ! s Institute of Science Oswald Veblen Fund Categorical Logic, Formalization of Mathematics ! Funding provided by the Ellentuck Fund Jun Yin Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member; Institute for Advanced Study Kevin Schnelli Yuval Filmus Probability, Analysis, Mathematical Physics ! additional funding provided by the Oswald Veblen Fund Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Probability Theory, Mathematical Physics ! Institute Computer Science ! Institute for Advanced Study ! s Bruce Kapron University of Wisconsin–Madison ! vnf Computer Science ! University of Victoria ! s for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Raphaël Beuzart-Plessis Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Or Meir Mathematics ! Institute for Advanced Study Computer Science ! Institute for Advanced Study Mira Shamis Joel Fish E. Birgit Kaufmann Jun Yu Funding provided by the Florence Gould Foundation Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Mathematical Physics ! Institute for Advanced Symplectic/Contact Topology, Hamiltonian Mathematical Physics ! Purdue University ! f Computer Science ! Institute for Advanced Study Fund and The Bell Companies Fellowship Fund Study ! f Dynamics ! Massachusetts Institute of Technology Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Ralph Martin Kaufmann Joanna Nelson Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Bhargav Bhatt Funding provided by the Ellentuck Fund and the Charles Simonyi Endowment Algebra, Geometry, Topology ! Purdue University ! f Symplectic and Contact Topology ! Institute for Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry ! Institute for Advanced Study ! v Peng Shao Inna Zakharevich Advanced Study Jürg Fröhlich Valerie King Harmonic Analysis ! Institute for Advanced Study Algebraic Topology ! Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Theoretical and Mathematical Physics ! Alon Nishry Computer Science ! University of Victoria ! s Funding provided by the Ky Fan and Yu-Fen Fan Funding provided by The Bell Companies Fellowship Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich ! vp Analysis ! Institute for Advanced Study Membership Fund and the National Science Foundation Fund Paul Bourgade Funding provided by the Fernholz Foundation Antti Knowles Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Mathematics ! Institute for Advanced Study Probability ! New York University ! f Nicholas Sheridan Yitang Zhang Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Edinah Gnang Yoshiki Oshima Symplectic Geometry ! Institute for Advanced Study Laudau-Siegel Zeros ! University of New Computer Science ! Institute for Advanced Study Gillat Kol Lie Groups ! Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University ! vri Hampshire ! s Christopher Brav Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Theory of Computation ! Institute for Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Algebraic Geometry ! Institute for Advanced Study Ali Kemal Sinop Mark Goresky Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Alex Kontorovich Ori Parzanchevski Theoretical Computer Science ! Institute for Geometry, Automorphic Forms ! Institute for Number Theory, Automorphic Forms ! Yale University Algebra, Combinatorics ! Institute for Advanced Advanced Study Advanced Study ! m Funding provided by the Charles Simonyi Study Funding provided by the National Science Foundation Funding provided by the Oswald Veblen Fund Endowment

Left: Professor Thomas Spencer (center) co-organized the School’s 2013–14 special year on non-equilibrium dynamics and random matrices. Center: Frequent Left: Member Edinah Gnang’s focus in theoretical computer science is on algebraic approaches to hyper-graph expanders and the combinatorial Nullstellensatz method. Member and Visitor Sophie Morel (2006–09, 2010–11, 2012–13) of Princeton University attends an Institute seminar on perfectoid spaces by Member Arno Center: Member Herbert Spohn (left), pictured with Director’s Visitor Siobhan Roberts, was awarded the Cantor Medal, the German Mathematical Society’s highest Kret, a number theorist. Right: Participants in the Random Matrices workshop take a coffee break between lectures. distinction. Right: Members Daniel Cristofaro-Gardiner (left) and Joel Fish (right) share interests in symplectic topology and geometry.

26 PHOTO CREDITS, L TO R: ANDREA KANE, ANDREA KANE, DAN KOMODA, ANDREA KANE, AMY RAMSEY, ANDREA KANE 27 YITANG ZHANG ON PRIMES RALPH KAUFFMANN VLADIMIR VOEVODSKY In April 2013, the editors of the Annals ON MATHEMATICAL ON THE ORIGINS OF of Mathematics, a journal published by the LANGUAGE UNIVALENT Institute and Princeton University, received What is the form and function FOUNDATIONS an email with a submission by an unknown of mathematical language inside How can a avoid mathematician. “Bounded Gaps Between and outside its community mathematical mistakes? Professor Primes” by Yitang Zhang, an adjunct of speakers? Member Ralph Vladimir Voevodsky describes his per- professor at the University of New Kaufmann describes how sonal mission to develop computer Hampshire, immediately caught the attention mathematical ideas, to be fully proof verification, a tool he felt com- DAN KOMODA ROBBERT DIJKGRAAF ROBBERT of the editors as well as Professors in the grasped, have to be rediscovered pelled to construct after discovering The interplay between mathematicians and OLGA HOLTZ ON RANDOM School of Mathematics. It was refereed or reimagined, much like in the errors in his work and those of others. physicists at IAS WALKS WITH PÓLYA AND by mathematicians who were visiting the translation of poetry. “Around the time that I discovered Institute at the time and was accepted three SZEGő “Mathematical text itself is highly stylized. Apart from its most abstract form This three-dimensional diagram is an example the mistake in my motivic paper, I was weeks later, an unusually expedited pace. of symbols and equations, the language contains diagrams (pictures) and stylized of the kind of ”formulas” that Voevodsky working on a new development, which “My love affair with George Pólya Zhang showed that there are infinitely would have to use to support his arguments natural text, such as the standard composition structure: definition, lemma, theorem,” about 2-theories. I called 2-theories,” says Voevodsky. began when I was seventeen. It was in many pairs of distinct primes whose difference says Kaufmann. “In the field of mathematics itself, the situation is not as homoge- “But to do the work at the level Chelyabinsk, Russia, and my first year is less than a fixed explicit number k, a striking nous as one might think. How much truth is contained in a proof by pictures is of rigor and precision I felt was necessary would take an enormous amount at the university was coming to an end. achievement. His work relied heavily on the quite different in algebra versus geometry, and, historically, there is great variation of effort and would produce a text that would be very hard to read. And who I had come across a tiny local library work of Professor Emeritus Enrico Bombieri in what is considered a proof—mainly how stylized the language should be. would ensure that I did not forget something and did not make a mistake, if with an even tinier math section, which and frequent Members John Friedlander of Being too relaxed can lead to foundational crises and questions like those Helmut even the mistakes in much more simple arguments take years to uncover? I nobody ever seemed to visit, and had the University of Toronto and Henry Iwaniec Hofer is working out in symplectic geometry. An extreme position, which I call think it was at this moment that I largely stopped doing what is called ‘curiosity- taken out most of those math books one of Rutgers, as well as sieving techniques due Frege’s dream, is also alive today with Vladimir Voevodsky and his colleagues driven research’ and started to think seriously about the future. I didn’t have the by one before I came across The Book. to the late IAS Professor . through their endeavors to formalize language as much as possible to maximize tools to explore the areas where curiosity was leading me and the areas that I It was George Pólya’s Mathematics and Zhang visited IAS for a week in the fall verifiability.” Read more at www.ias.edu/kaufmann-mathematical-language. considered to be of value and of interest and of beauty.... It soon became clear Plausible Reasoning. of 2013 to give lectures on his achievement that the only long-term solution was somehow to make it possible for me to use “By that time I was a total book - as part of the IAS/Princeton University joint computers to verify my abstract, logical, and mathematical constructions.” Read worm, having devoured almost a thousand number theory seminar, and subsequently RANDOM MATRIX THEORY: FROM PRIME NUMBERS more at www.ias.edu/voevodsky-origins. volumes of my parents’ home library, came to the Institute as a Member during TO AND BEYOND mostly fiction. My familiarity with math the second term. “I was born for math,” says In April 1972, Hugh Montgomery, who had been a Member in the School of books was much poorer although, grow- Zhang, who spent periods working as an Mathematics the previous year, visited the Institute. During teatime, he shared ing up, I had enjoyed Yakov Perelman’s accountant and at a Subway sandwich shop. a new result with Freeman Dyson, Professor in the School of Natural Sciences. popular books for children on math and “For many years, the situation was not easy, It involved the statistical distribution of the zeros on the critical line of the physics. I was a proud graduate of a but I didn’t give up. I just kept going, kept Riemann zeta function, which Montgomery found has a certain property, now specialized math and physics school, the pushing. Curiosity was of first-rank impor- called Montgomery’s pair correlation conjecture, wherein the zeros tend to only one in town, and had had a few wins tance—it is what makes mathematics an repel between neighboring levels. at local olympiads in math and science. A indispensible part of my life.” In the 1960s, Dyson had worked on random matrix theory, which was pro- top kid in class as far back as I could Zhang received four honors for his work: posed by physicist Eugene Wigner in 1951 to describe nuclear physics. Dyson ADAMS/DILBERT SCOTT remember, I was arrogant as hell. the 2013 Ostrowski Prize, the Royal Swedish immediately saw that the statistical distribution found by Montgomery appeared “I read the introduction to Mathematics Academy’s Rolf Schock Prize, the 2013 ANDRIS AMBAINIS ON WHAT WE CAN DO WITH A to be the same as the pair correlation distribution for the eigenvalues of a random and Plausible Reasoning and its Chapter I Morningside Special Achievement Award in QUANTUM COMPUTER Hermitian matrix that he had discovered a decade earlier. standing up next to the bookshelf. It read Mathematics, and the 2014 Frank Nelson More than forty years after that teatime conversation between Dyson and “When I was in middle school, I read a popular book about programming in like a novel. A cerebral one alright, which Cole Prize in Number Theory. Read more Montgomery, the answer to the question of why the same laws of distribution BASIC (which was the most popular programming language for beginners at that made you pay quick attention. Chapter I at www.ias.edu/zhang-breakthrough. seem to govern the zeros of the Riemann zeta function and the eigenvalues of time). But it was 1986, and we did not have computers at home or school yet. So, started out in the least ortho dox way, random matrices remains elusive, but the hunt for an explanation has prompted I could only write computer programs on paper, without being able to try them comparing mathematical induction to a active research at the intersection of number theory, mathematical physics, proba- on an actual computer. domino chain. The book endeavoured to bility, and statistics. The search is producing a much better understanding of zeta “Surprisingly, I am now doing something similar—I am studying how to solve explain not only what was mathemati- functions, prime numbers, and random matrices from a variety of angles, including problems on a quantum computer. We do not yet have a fully functional quantum cally true but how and why. I was analyzing various systems to see if they reflect Wigner’s prediction that the energy computer. But I am trying to figure out what quantum computers will be able to hooked. Chapter I ended with a list of levels of large complex quantum systems exhibit a universal statistical behavior, a do when we build them. problems. I solved a couple of them still delicate balance between chaos and order defined by a precise formula. “The story of quantum computers begins in 1981 with , standing up but quickly came to a halt Universality of various matrix ensembles was one of the major themes of probably the most famous physicist of his time. At a conference on physics and on Problem 3. the School’s special year program on non-equilibrium dynamics and random computation at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech nology, Feynman asked the “The arrogance kicked in—I had to matrices led by Distinguished Visiting Professor Horng-Tzer Yau of Harvard question: Can we sim ulate physics on a computer? The answer was—not exactly. Or, solve those problems.” Read more at

AMY RAMSEY University. Read more at www.ias.edu/primes-random-matrices. more precisely—not all of physics.” Read more at www.ias.edu/ambainis-quantum. www.ias.edu/holtz-walks.

28 29 School of Natural Sciences

The School of Natural Sciences, established in 1966, supports research in broad areas of , systems biology, and theoretical physics. Areas of current interest include investigating the origin and composition of the universe; conducting research at the interface of molecular biology and the physical sciences; and elementary physics, string theory, quantum theory, and .

EACH YEAR THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES has about sixty Members, the majority of them postdoctoral fellows, who are typically FACULTY appointed for three years, some for up to five years. Collaboration is Nima Arkani-Hamed encouraged among Members who work in the School’s many scientific Peter Goddard areas—from molecular biology to mathematical physics. Stanislas Leibler From its earliest days, the Institute has been a leading center for Juan Maldacena fundamental physics, contributing substantially to many of its central Nathan Seiberg themes, which now interrelate with astrophysics and biology. Areas of current interest in theoretical physics include elementary , Richard Black Professor string theory, quantum theory, and quantum gravity, and their relationship Edward Witten to geometry, theoretical and observational astrophysics, and cosmology. Charles Simonyi Professor Research in the School’s astrophysics group encompasses astronomical sys- Matias Zaldarriaga tems from nearby planets to distant galaxies, from black holes to the and dark energy that dominate the evolution of the universe. PROFESSORS EMERITI There is a growing cross-fertilization between astrophysics and elementary Stephen L. Adler particle physics, and the work of many Members and Faculty crosses the Freeman J. Dyson boundary between these two disciplines. Members in the astrophysics research group employ an array of tools from theoretical physics, large- Arnold J. Levine scale computer simulations, and ground- and space-based observational studies to investigate the origin and composition of the universe, and to use the universe as a laboratory to study fundamental physics. At the Simons Center for Systems Biology, the tools of and mathematics are being applied to biological investigation, on varying scales, from molecular to organismic, and in some cases focusing on understanding disease processes. The School’s collaborative and pioneering approach to the sciences, which extends to the Institute’s School of Mathematics, Princeton Uni ver - sity, and the larger scientific community, continues to transform research in these fields and open opportunities for powerful and important discoveries. DAN DAN KOMODA

Members, Visitors, and conference attendees relax and work between Strings 2014 talks in Bloomberg Hall.

31 Astrophysics veneer of Earth’s atmosphere; where Finally, we have learned that did this gas come from, and why are the structures in the universe grew as a One of the most remarkable developments atmospheres so diverse in composition result of the attractive nature of gravity in astronomy over the past decade has and extent? Most planetary systems out of primordial seeds. Observations been the discovery of planets orbiting appear to be flat, like the , have established that these primordial thousands of . The most prolific but in contrast to the solar system seeds were created before the hot Big planet hunter has been NASA’s Kepler the equators of their host stars are not Bang phase of the cosmic history. Thus spacecraft, which identifies those exo - aligned with the planetary system; they are a relic of the very early universe planets whose orbits happen to appear what caused this misalignment? The and potentially probe physics at energy edge-on by searching for periodic dips abundance of heavy elements in the scales substantially above what can be caused by planetary transits (partial host stars of the Kepler planets varies probed in the laboratory. eclipses) of the stellar disks. Such by more than an order of magnitude, The activities of Professor Matias measurements are best done from space, but this abundance appears to be Zaldarriaga and Members working on where stars do not twinkle, because the uncorrelated with the number of planets cosmology have all centered around one transit of an Earth-like world blocks orbiting the star; why is it not easier to or more of these puzzles. In the next only eighty parts per million of the form rocky planets if there is a higher few decades, additional information that stellar . Kepler has revealed that abundance of the elements from which might help answer these questions will the architecture of planetary systems they are made? come from surveys of the distribution is remarkably diverse, and often very ______of matter in the late universe. The different from our own solar system. Its The last decades saw important advances process of structure formation—the discoveries include systems with up to in cosmology driven in large part by growth of the initial seeds into objects of seven planets, planets orbiting binary advances in observations. Cosmology various sizes—is sufficiently complicated star systems, rocky planets smaller than now has a very successful standard that extracting cosmological informa- Earth, and planets orbiting their host star

model that can account for these tion from some of these measurements DAN KOMODA in only ten hours. observations, which span a wide range can be challenging. Zaldarriaga and For the first time, we have a large, Members in an astrophysics workshop participate in a discussion on type 1a supernovae. of spatial scales and probe the state of collaborators have been engaged in well-characterized catalogue of planets the universe throughout cosmic history. trying to develop new tools to compute with sizes comparable to the Earth; the Although very successful, the the predictions of the cosmological Most notable was the work of organizational levels of biological the behavior of swimming microbes challenge is now to understand how requires physics that model for these types of observations. Member Raphael Flauger. He reanalyzed systems. For instance, at all scales, from seems also to be described quite these planets formed and why these goes beyond what has already been Last year, there was a report from the BICEP data and data from other molecular machines to the whole brain, well in a low-dimensional space, as planetary systems are so different from established in the laboratory. To explain the BICEP2 experiment of a detection experiments and showed that the results living systems exhibit overwhelming demonstrated by Leibler and his the solar system. Some of the puzzles the clustering of matter, the formation of a stochastic background of gravita- from BICEP2 could result from contam- complexity; but what part of this collaborators at Rockefeller University. that Scott Tremaine, Richard Black of objects such as galaxies, the model tional that originated during ination rather than gravitational waves, complexity is relevant to function? In Finally, the research of Member Professor, and his collaborators are relies on the existence of large amounts the very early universe, the period of in particular, polarized microwave emis- other words, what is the dimension of BingKan Xue, which focuses on investigating include: Do planets close of dark matter, matter whose existence inflation. Inflation is our best candidate sion from dust grains in our galaxy. His the phenotype space in which biological evolutionary dynamics of microbial to their host star form in situ or did we can only infer due to its gravitational for what could have come before the work received a lot of attention, signifi- functions evolve? It seems that in some populations, also suggests that in the they migrate from larger radii? What is force on visible matter. We currently hot phase of cosmic history cantly reduced the initial enthusiasm cases, the effective phenotypic space is a space of possible microbial survival the relationship between small, rocky do not know when in cosmic history and what could be responsible for many generated by the BICEP results, and low-dimensional one. strategies low-dimensional manifolds planets like Earth and much larger gas- the dark matter formed, what sets its of the observed properties of our uni- pointed to measurements that could be For example, Members Tiberiu may emerge as relevant entities. All dominated planets like Jupiter? Many abundance, and whether it interacts verse, including the production of the used to settle the issue. These measure- Tesileanu and Lucy Colwell, together this work implies that mapping the of the planets discovered by Kepler have appreciably with regular matter. We do seeds for structure formation. The ments should become available in the with Leibler, have been analyzing high-dimensional genetic information rocky cores surrounded by extended not know much about it other than its claim involved measurements of the very near future. sequences of “protein families,” i.e., to phenotypes and function involves atmospheres, in contrast to the thin proteins that share their sequences to enormous dimensional reduction. One total abundance. polarization of the cosmic microwave Systems Biology To explain the late-time acceleration background. If the claim stands, it some extent. Such analysis, focused on of the challenges of future research will of the cosmic expansion, the standard would probably be the biggest discovery Enormous diversity of phenomena evolutionary sequence correlations, can be to understand the underlying FACULTY AWARDS model relies on the so-called cosmolog ical in cosmology in over a decade and in biology implies also a large diversity extract useful information about both mechanisms. of topics, which are being tackled in protein structures and lower-dimensional constant or some other similar substance would significantly impact our under- Theoretical Physics Scott Tremaine was awarded the Toma- biological research. In the tradition subsets of amino acids (the so-called lla Prize for his work on gravitational that leads to a gravitational repulsive standing of what might have happened force. The late-time acceleration of in the very early universe. of theoretical approaches in physics, “sectors”), which are relevant for protein The modern theoretical understanding dynamics by the Tomalla Foundation for Professor Stanislas Leibler and the functioning. The work of Member Tsvi of fundamental physics is built on the Gravity Research of Basel, . the cosmic expansion took cosmologists A large effort from many Members by surprise. We are still trying to make of the School was devoted to scrutinizing Members working at the Simons Center Tlusty has indicated that the phenotype two great revolutions of the twentieth Edward Witten was awarded the 2014 more precise measurements in the this claimed detection, to interpret ing for Systems Biology are striving to find space of the ribosome, the multicom - century, encoded in the principles of Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences, Japan’s hopes of uncovering some additional its theoretical consequences, and to some common mechanisms that could ponent cellular complex responsible spacetime and as highest private award for global achieve- clues that might shed some light on this understanding what might be the next operate across different scales of length for synthesis of all proteins, is roughly united in the framework of quantum ment, by the Inamori Foundation. component. steps to gather additional information. and time and across different one-dimensional. On even larger scales, field theory. But gravity and quantum

32 33 mechanics together make it impossible the planar limit—culminated in the adjustments of physical parameters. In to be extended to massive φ3 theory. to talk of precise spacetime events, discovery of a new geometric object— order to better understand this physics, it The scattering equations of CHY and there are persistent difficulties in the amplituhedron—whose volume is essential to experimentally study the are not new, having first been proposed, applying quantum mechanics to describe calculates the amplitudes for scattering quantum fluctuations in the vacuum and it seems, by David Fairlie and David like our accelerating processes in a new way, with the space- its effects on the Higgs as accurately as Roberts in 1972, in the context of universe. These clues suggest that time and quantum interpretation of the we can, and this necessitates a large new seeking to generalize the dual resonance quantum mechanics and spacetime may amplitudes arising from the logic of the experimental facility, taking us an order model that gave birth to string theory, come to be thought of as approximate, geometry. Arkani-Hamed continues to of magnitude further than the Large and subsequently appearing in studies derived ideas from more primitive build- explore this structure with a number of Hadron Collider in both precision by and Paul Mende in 1988 ing blocks. Another clue is the simple fellow physicists and mathematicians. A and energy, housed in a new 100-kilo- of the high energy behavior of string fact that we live in a large, macroscopic deeper understanding of the geometry meter accelerator complex. Since giant theory. Goddard and Dolan found a universe, while violent quantum fluctua- has led to a simple but striking conjecture new particle accelerators take at least reformulation of the scattering equations tions at ultra-short distances would about a hidden positivity of scattering two decades to conceive and build, plan- for N particles as a Möbius invariant naively seem to destroy any possibility amplitudes, valid to all orders of the ning for the next stage beyond the LHC system of N−3 homogeneous equations of the large-scale order we see. perturbative expansion, which has non- must start now. China has indicated a in N variables, with the exceptional These mysteries have continued to trivially passed all checks to date. He has strong interest in hosting this machine, property of being linear in each variable drive Nima Arkani-Hamed’s research also been extending the understanding and in 2014, Arkani-Hamed has joined taken separately. This linearity facilitates for the past year, and he has been of scattering amplitudes from the their effort in helping make the physics computation, e.g., the elimination approaching them from two directions. perspective of this geometry to more case for this project, directing a new of variables to obtain single variable

Given that “spacetime is doomed,” a general theories, in particular beyond Center for Future High Energy Physics equations determining the solutions. ANDREA KANE long-term goal of his research has been the planar limit and to theories with less in Beijing, and helping put together a Goddard also continued to serve on From left to right: Members Vera Gluscevic, Cora Dvorkin, and Mehrdad Mirbabayi attend Paul to reformulate the physics of ordinary . preliminary conceptual design report for the boards of institutes in Hong Kong, Steinhardt’s talk on . Gluscevic’s research focuses on using the cosmic microwave background quantum field theories so that the usual The question “Why is there a this “Great Collider” to be presented to , São Paolo, and Vancouver. to test physical theories, including those invoked to explain dark energy and inflation. Dvorkin is ideas of quantum-ruled local interactions macroscopic universe?” becomes more the Chinese government in early 2015. ______connecting ideas in theoretical physics to observable phenomena in cosmology. Mirbabayi works on early universe cosmology and the theory of gravity. in spacetime do not play a starring role, urgent with the discovery of the Higgs ______Joining together quantum mechanics but are seen to emerge secondarily from boson; the very simplicity of the Higgs Professor Peter Goddard has spent and led to the example is the Bousso bound, the idea general, with a suitable generalization of new starting points. A six-year program makes its existence extremely mysterious, much of the year studying equations that d evelopment of . that the entropy flow through light-like the notion of geometry. Understanding for doing this in the context of the sim- since violent quantum fluctuations encode the kinematics of massless particle This is a theory respecting the causal surfaces should be bounded by the area how this works in a more precise way plest nontrivial quantum field theory— should make its large-scale coherence interactions and whose solution provides relations of special relativity, where increase of these surfaces. A version of was an important part of Maldacena’s the famous maximally supersymmetric across our universe impossible in the formulae for the tree amplitudes for nothing moves faster than light, as well this bound was recently proven in a research efforts. in four dimensions in absence of seemingly absurd fine theories of massless particles in arbitrary as the probabilistic rules of quantum couple of papers (R. Bousso, H. Casini, ______dimensions. He has been doing this mechanics. The vacuum in quantum Z. Fisher, J. Maldacena, ArXiv:1004.5635, Professor Nathan Seiberg’s activities work in collaboration with Louise Dolan. field theory is a rich and complex state. ArXiv:1406.4545) by Professor Juan and interests also circle around questions These equations have been called the This complexity arises from the fact Maldacena, Visitor Horacio Casini, and in quantum field theory. Quantum field scattering equations by Freddy Cachazo, that interactions are strictly local and collaborators using some detailed theory, which combines quantum theory Song He, and Ellis Yuan (CHY), whose causal, together with the requirements properties of the entropy of localized with Einstein’s special relativity, is the work is primarily responsible for the of quantum mechanics. This means that states in quantum field theory. language used in the study of elementary current interest in them. the local degrees of freedom are highly Additional studies of the entangle- particle physics—the basic building A year ago, CHY proposed formulae entangled in any physical state, including ment properties in the vacuum or other blocks of nature and the forces between for the tree amplitudes in pure gauge the vacuum. states in the field theory were under- them. Exactly the same language also theory, and in gravity, in a spacetime When we think about the vacuum taken by other Members of the School. turns out to be useful in the study of arbitrary dimension, presenting near a horizon, this entangle - This included the development of tech- of condensed matter systems, where evidence to support their suggestions. ment gives rise to the thermal properties niques to compute it exactly in various it describes properties of materials. Goddard and Dolan gave a proof of the of black holes. This entanglement also theories. Regions of space that are close Also, there are many deep connections CHY formulae for pure gauge theory, contributes to the entropy of black to each other are highly entangled. between quantum field theory and by first establishing the corresponding holes. Moreover, consistency of black There are good reasons to think that the string theory—our best candidate for a 3 result for massless scalar φ theory hole thermodynamics demands some opposite is also true, that highly entan- theory of gravity. Finally, quantum field using a BCFW recurrence relation special properties from this entangle- gled states are, in some way, also close to theory is a power ful tool in a number and then extending this to the gauge ment, which are indeed true in general each other, connected by a geometric of problems in mathematics. These theory case. Similar methods should quantum field theories. wormhole with a Lorentzian geometry diverse applications make it an extremely work for the case of gravity. As a In theories of gravity, one expects that does not allow the propagation interesting research direction and byproduct of this work, Goddard and general connections between geometry of signals through it. This connection suggest that it will continue to yield Dolan found how to generalize the and thermodynamics. The entropic inter-

DAN DAN KOMODA seems to be present in some very spe- deep and far-reaching consequences. scattering equations to describe massive pretation of the area of the horizon of a cific examples of the gauge/gravity During the past year, Seiberg Teatime in Fuld Hall Common Room particles, enabling the formulae of CHY black hole is a special example. Another duality. However, it might be true in focused on specific subtleties in quantum

34 35 field theory, which become particularly bation theory is based on diagrams that new quantum or string theory approach Simon Caron-Huot Johannes Henn Sergio Lukic Amit Sever important when the system under study are known as Feynman diagrams, which to knot theory. In his article “Two Mathematical Physics, Statistical Particle Physics ! Institute for Biology ! Institute for Advanced String Theory, Quantum Field Mechanics, String Theory, Advanced Study ! m Study Theory ! Perimeter Institute for includes some defects, or when it has describe the branching and joining of Lectures on the Jones Polynomial and Supersymmetry ! Institute for Marvin L. Goldberger Member; Addie and Harold Broitman Member Theoretical Physics ! s a boundary. A careful analysis of such point particles as they travel through Khovanov Homology,” he gave an over - Advanced Study ! m additional funding provided by the in Biology Funding provided by the United States defects and boundaries has uncovered spacetime. view of this approach for mathematicians. Funding provided by the National United States Department of Energy Department of Energy Science Foundation Shiraz Minwalla rich and unexpected phenomena. In string theory, the Feynman He developed an important founda - Anson Hook Quantum Gravity, Quantum Field David Simmons-Duffin In particular, the theory depends on diagrams are replaced by two-dimen- tional result in this approach in his Horacio Casini Particle Physics ! Institute for Theory, String Theory ! Tata Institute Particle Physics ! Institute for Quantum Field Theory ! new subtle data that had not been sional surfaces, known as Riemann work with Rafe Mazzeo of Stanford Instituto Advanced Study of Fundamental Research, Advanced Study Balseiro and Consejo Nacional de Funding provided by the United States Mumbai ! jvp Funding provided by the United States appreciated earlier. (It is associated surfaces, which describe the motion University on “The Nahm Pole Investigaciones Científicas y Department of Energy IBM Einstein Fellow Department of Energy with inequivalent consistent ways of of strings in spacetime. Moreover, the Boundary Condition.” Work now Técnicas ! v, s Yu-tin Huang Mehrdad Mirbabayi David S. Spiegel summing over non-trivial topological version of the theory that really works in course with Mazzeo aims at a Lucy J. Colwell Particle Physics ! Institute for Astrophysics ! Institute for Advanced Exoplanetary Science ! Institute for sectors of the gauge fields.) The iden - is based on “super” Riemann surfaces, refinement of these results. Applied Mathematics, Biology ! MRC Advanced Study Study Advanced Study tification of this data helped resolve where the adjective means roughly Finally, Witten approached Laboratory of Molecular Biology ! v, f Funding provided by the National Funding provided by the National AMIAS Member Science Foundation Science Foundation a number of confusing problems, that some quantum elements are completion of two major projects Paolo Creminelli Rashid Sunyaev especially in the context of electric- incorporated in the geometry of with Princeton University students. Cosmology ! The Veronika Hubeny Jonathan Mitchell Astrophysics ! Max-Planck-Institut International Centre for Theoretical Theoretical Physics ! Durham Astrophysics ! University of für Astrophysik ! vp magnetic duality. Also, this new under - the two-dimensional surface. In “Branes and Supergroups,” with Physics, Trieste ! jvp, s University ! s California, Los Angeles ! jvp, f Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting standing has led to the recognition Clarifying the foundations of Victor Mikhaylov, Witten has extended IBM Einstein Fellow Funding provided by The Ambrose IBM Einstein Fellow Professor of new surprising behavior about the perturbation theory for superstring the concepts in his work on knot Monell Foundation Raffaele Tito D’Agnolo Kohta Murase Tiberiu Tesileanu long-distance behavior of these theories. theory has been one of the main theory in a new direction, in which the Particle Physics ! CERN, Institute for Marina Huerta Astroparticle Physics ! Institute for Biology ! Institute for Advanced For example, some systems have a gap interests of Edward Witten, Charles symmetries are not an ordinary classical Advanced Study Field Theory ! Instituto Balseiro and Advanced Study Study in the long distance excitations, but Simonyi Professor, in recent years. but a “supergroup.” This Funding provided by the National Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Charles L. Brown Member in Biology Science Foundation Científicas y Técnicas ! v, s Fellow they exhibit long-range topological In 2011–13, Witten wrote a series of generalization is made possible by a Tsvi Tlusty order. Similar phases had been previ- papers on the general formalism of series of surprises, some of which had Tudor Dan Dimofte Boaz Katz Jean-Claude Nicolas Biology ! Institute for Advanced Mathematical and Particle Physics ! Astrophysics ! Institute for Advanced Biology ! Université Pierre et Marie Study ously recognized in condensed matter superstring perturbation theory, and been foreshadowed by previous results Institute for Advanced Study ! m Study ! m Curie Martin A. and Helen Chooljian physics, thus demonstrating again the his more recent work has been devoted in the literature. And in “Some Details William D. Loughlin Member; John N. Bahcall Fellow Funding provided by the Florence Member in Biology interconnectedness of different mainly to concrete examples of how on the Gopakumar-Vafa Formula,” additional funding provided by the Gould Foundation Fund United States Department of Energy Vladimir Kazakov Jihad Touma branches of science. the formalism works in practice. He with Mykola Dedushenko, Witten has Quantum Field Theory, String Theory, Tatsuma Nishioka Applied Mathematics, Astrophysical ______continued this work in 2013–14 in aimed for a much clearer understanding Ron Donagi Statistical Mechanics, Integrability ! Particle Physics ! Institute for Dynamics ! American University of ! ! Perturbation theory is the general publications with coauthors Ron of one of the remarkable formulas that Algebraic Geometry and String École Normale Supérieure, Paris s Advanced Study Beirut v Theory ! University of Funding provided by The Ambrose framework for computing quantum Donagi, a Visitor from the University was discovered in string theory work of Pennsylvania ! v Monell Foundation Luca Peliti Brian M. Willett effects in physical theories when they of Pennsylvania, and Nathan Berkovits, the 1990s. This formula has had many Statistical Physics ! Università degli Particle Physics ! Institute for Cora Dvorkin Bence Kocsis Studi di Napoli Federico II ! f Advanced Study are small. (There is no general method a former Visitor (2006) from the Uni- subsequent applications in mathematics Cosmology, Astrophysics ! Institute Astrophysics ! Institute for Advanced Funding provided by the United States to compute quantum effects when they versidade Estadual Paulista in São and mathematical physics, but its for Advanced Study Study Vasily Pestun Department of Energy Theoretical Physics ! Institute for are large: every problem is unique.) In Paulo, Brazil. foundations have been in need of Funding provided by the National Funding provided by NASA and the Science Foundation W. M. Keck Foundation Fund Advanced Study Dan Xie ordinary quantum field theory, pertur- Witten also continued his work on a clarification. Member; additional Particle Physics ! Institute for Thomas Faulkner Graham Kribs funding provided by the National Advanced Study Theoretical Physics ! Institute for Particle Physics ! University of Science Foundation Funding provided by the United States Advanced Study ! f Oregon ! f Department of Energy Funding provided by the National Funding provided by The Ambrose Rami Pugatch Science Foundation Monell Foundation Biology ! Institute for Advanced BingKan Xue Study Biology ! Institute for Advanced 2013–14 MEMBERS AND VISITORS Raphael Flauger Doron Kushnir Eric and Wendy Schmidt Member in Study f First Term ! s Second Term ! m Long-term Member ! v Visitor ! vp Visiting Professor ! jvp Junior Visiting Professor Theoretical Physics ! Institute for Astrophysics ! Institute for Advanced Biology Advanced Study Study Masahito Yamazaki Funding provided by the Raymond and Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Mukund Rangamani Particle Physics ! Institute for Beverly Sackler Foundation Fund Founders’ Circle Member Particle Physics ! Durham Advanced Study Yacine Ali-Haïmoud Christopher John Beem Kfir Blum University ! s Theoretical Astrophysics, Cosmology ! Institute for Theoretical Physics ! Institute for Advanced Study Particle and Astroparticle Physics ! Institute for Vera Gluscevic Brian Lacki Funding provided by The Ambrose Kazuya Yonekura Advanced Study Funding provided by the National Science Advanced Study ! m Cosmology, Astrophysics ! Institute for Astrophysics ! Institute for Advanced Monell Foundation Particle Physics ! Institute for Frank and Peggy Taplin Member Foundation Funding provided by the United States–Israel Advanced Study Study Advanced Study Binational Science Foundation and the United States Friends of the Institute for Advanced National Radio Astronomy Leonardo Rastelli Tobias Baldauf Ravindra Bhatt Department of Energy Study Member Observatory Jansky Fellowship Quantum Field Theory, String Cosmology ! Institute for Advanced Study Condensed Matter Physics ! Princeton University Theory ! , Funding provided by the W. M. Keck Foundation Jo Bovy Song He Ramalingam Loganayagam The State University of New York ! f Fund Simeon Paul Bird Cosmology, Astrophysics ! Institute for Advanced Particle Physics ! Institute for Particle Physics ! Institute for Cosmology ! Institute for Advanced Study Study Advanced Study Advanced Study Shlomo Razamat Till Bargheer Funding provided by the W. M. Keck Foundation Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble Fellow Zurich Financial Services Member; Funding provided by the United States Theoretical Physics ! Institute for Quantum Field Theory, String Theory ! Institute Fund and the National Science Foundation additional funding provided by The Department of Energy Advanced Study for Advanced Study Timothy David Brandt Ambrose Monell Foundation Martin A. and Helen Chooljian European Commission Fellowship Astrophysics ! Institute for Advanced Study Member; additional funding provided by Corning Glass Works Foundation Fellowship the National Science Foundation

36 37 NIMA ARKANI-HAMED ON THE AMPLITUHEDRON NATHAN SEIBERG ON WHAT’S NEXT “It’s not obvious where this is going. Maybe it will be something spectacular. Maybe it will just be a How will new physics change our view of the world? Professor Nathan Seiberg curiosity.We don’t know. But it’s something. And it’s a beautiful something.”—Nima Arkani-Hamed explored this question in a public lecture at the Institute, excerpts of which follow. The latest tool for calculating how particles interact (image at right) was introduced in a December “The model of particle physics uses two of the revolutions of the twentieth 2013 paper, “The Amplituhedron,” by Professor Nima Arkani-Hamed and his student Jaroslav century: quantum mechanics and special relativity. The cosmology model uses the Trnka. The amplituhedron gives a concrete example of a theory where the description of physics third revolution of twentieth-century physics: . We need to combine using spacetime and quantum mechanics is emergent, rather than fundamental. the principles of one model with the principles of the other model. In other words, “The entire drama of twentieth-century physics has been learning how to combine the rules we need to combine quantum mechanics and general relativity.... of quantum mechanics and the rules of relativity at the same time,” says Arkani-Hamed. “While “We would like to explain all of the parameters in these two models. Some of we have found various ways of making these principles these parameters are unstable. If we make small changes at short distances, they make a work together, we realize we don’t understand very deeply what it is we are dealing with yet. huge difference at long distances. An ongoing experiment, the This is tied to one of our deepest challenges in the twenty-first century: What are the building (LHC), is going to give us input into this question. If there is a stabilizing mechanism blocks out of which spacetime emerges?” for this instability, it will be discovered at the LHC.... Arkani-Hamed developed the amplituhedron after conversations with Robert MacPherson “The experiments will find a new stabilizing mechanism or, alternatively, that and Pierre Deligne, Professors in the School of Mathematics, which connected a scattering there is no stabilizing mechanism. If there is no stabilizing mechanism, we may have process for particles to a mathematical structure known as the positive Grassmannian (left CHRIS MADDEN to go to a arena where there are lots of universes and we are just in one image, from a 2012 paper, “Scattering Amplitudes and the Positive Grassmannian,” by Arkani- random universe, where these parameters are environmental; and we will have to start Hamed et al.). learning how to think about physics in such a setup. Clearly these are very interesting “This work would have never, in my own particular experience, happened anywhere other issues. I asked at the beginning of the talk, ‘What is next?’ The answer is we do not know, but it’s guaranteed to be exciting.” than the Institute,” says Arkani-Hamed. “I got dragged into it, following my nose. To be at a View the full lecture at https://video.ias.edu/seiberg-2013. place where I could walk over and talk to living legends like Pierre and Bob ...once a week for three months, for four or five hours at a time. No one had class to rush off to or a committee meeting or other administrative obligations, making it possible to work intensively and get some serious things done.” RAPHAEL FLAUGER ON SPACETIME RIPPLES AND GALAXY DUST “Space Ripples Reveal Big Bang’s Smoking Gun,” read headline on ARNOLD LEVINE ON EPIGENETICS, VIROLOGY, AND CANCER March 17, 2014. In a seemingly momentous news conference at the Harvard–Smithsonian What might remnants of ancient retroviral infections reveal about the molecular clock of primate divergence? In a study with Members Center for Astrophysics, researchers using a BICEP (Background Imaging of Cosmic Sergio Lukic and Jean-Claude Nicolas concerning human endogenous retroviruses, “The Diversity of Zinc-Finger on Human Extragalactic Polarization) telescope at the South Pole announced that they had detected Chromosome 19 Provides an Evolutionary Mechanism for Defense Against Inherited Endogenous Retroviruses”(Cell and Diff- “the first direct evidence for cosmic inflation,” a theory about the very beginnings of the entiation, 2014), Professor Emeritus Arnold Levine explored remnants of ancient retroviral infections of the germline that can remain universe first proposed in 1979. capable of replication within the host genome. About 8 percent of the human genome consists of remnants of endogenous retrovirus The BICEP announcement claimed that the first images of gravitational waves, or (ERV) elements associated with several dozen independent invasions in the human lineage. As evolutionary biologists seek to construct ripples in spacetime, had been detected, a tantalizing and long hoped-for connection accurate phylogenetic trees, human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) presence may help in assessing the molecular clock of primate between quantum mechanics and general relativity. The landmark claim ignited the field PLANCK PLANCK COLLABORATION divergence. The role and function of proteins coded (HERV-W and ERV-3) may also shed light on key factors in autoimmune disease and led to talk of a new era of cosmology. and maternal immune inhibition during fetal development (spontaneous abortions). At the Institute, Member Raphael Flauger began looking closely at the data. The A study with Member (2008–13) Ben Greenbaum and former Members Simona Cocco and Remi Monasson, “Quantitative Theory year prior, Flauger had analyzed the first round of cosmic microwave background data of Entropic Forces Acting on Constrained Nucleotide Sequences Applied to Viruses” (PNAS, 2014), developed a theory, inspired by released by the Planck satellite, a mission of the European Space Agency, which the statistical mechanics, of the interplay of entropic forces and selective forces upon dinucleotide frequencies in viral genomes that occur BICEP team had used in its findings. Planck data indicating levels of dust when a virus migrates to a new host. The theory leads to many predictions about statistical features of viral evolution. The approach is “Initially, the announcement was very exciting,” says Flauger. “Like everyone, I contamination in the southern galactic sky, with red regions the most contaminated and blue expected to have wider applications. For example, an analysis of avian influenza entering the human genome has identified selection thought it would be great if they had detected quantum fluctuations in the spacetime regions the least. The black outline in the lower against CG dinucleotides, which have been shown to trigger a response of the innate immune system and interferon production. metric that were generated when the universe was 10-30 seconds old. That’s a big, big left quadrant shows the approximate region studied by BICEP. In collaboration with former Member Chang Chan and others, Levine thing to look at. It was a unique opportunity.” studied germline mutation in the tumor suppressor TP53, which causes Li- But as Flauger delved deeper into the evidence, he grew to doubt whether the BICEP team had detected evidence of primordial Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a complex predisposition to multiple cancers. Types gravitational waves. The issue hinged on the nature of the detected B-modes, a polarization pattern identified as a means for detecting of cancers and ages at diagnosis vary among subjects and families, with apparent such waves by Matias Zaldarriaga, Professor in the School of Natural Sciences, and Uros Seljak in 1997. Foreground contamination genetic anticipation, i.e., earlier cancer onset with successive generations. It has from dust in the Milky Way can lead to a similar B-mode signature. Flauger began to believe that the BICEP team had underestimated been proposed that anticipation is caused by accumulation of copy number the level of dust in a Planck slide, based on unpublished polarization data, that the team had lifted from a 2013 presentation and variations (CNV) in a context of TP53 haploinsufficiency. Using genome/ used in their study. exome sequencing, the study found no evidence of increased rates of CNVs in Flauger presented his own analysis at Princeton University in May 2014, and his doubts and those of others about BICEP’s two successive generations of TP53 mutation carriers or in successive generations claims were widely reported in the media. “BICEP definitely detected B-modes, but it is unclear if they are caused by primordial of Trp53-deficient mice, and it proposed a stochastic model called “genetic gravitational waves or if they are caused by dust in our galaxy,” says Flauger, who coauthored the paper “Toward an Understanding regression” to explain apparent anticipation in LFS caused by segregation of of Foreground Emission in the BICEP2 Region” with astrophysicists James Colin Hill and Visitor . Read more at An illustration from Professor Levine’s paper with Members Sergio Lukic and Jean-Claude Nicolas rare SNP and de novo mutations rather than by cumulative DNA damage. www.ias.edu/flauger-bicep.

38 39 JUAN MALDACENA ON ENTANGLEMENT AND THE GEOMETRY OF SPACETIME FREEMAN DYSON ON BLUNDERS Can the weird quantum mechanical How do blunders play an important role in science? In an article for the property of entanglement give rise to New York Review of Books (“The Case for Blunders,” March 6, 2014), wormholes connecting far away regions Professor Emeritus Freeman Dyson explains: in space? Professor Juan Maldacena Science is not concerned only with things that we understand. explains how this is possible. He The most exciting and creative parts of science are concerned begins with two papers written with things that we are still struggling to understand. Wrong in 1935 by Albert Einstein and theories are not an impediment to the progress of science. They LUCY COLWELL/WWW.PYMOL.ORG collaborators at the Institute for are a central part of the struggle.... No matter whether wrong Advanced Study. The first paper, written with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen and commonly known as EPR, pointed out that ideas are helpful or unhelpful, they are in any case unavoidable. quantum mechanics has a funny property now known as quantum entanglement wherein two distant physical systems are mutually Science is a risky enterprise, like other human enterprises such LUCY COLWELL ON USING connected. The second paper, written by Einstein and Rosen, describes a wormhole or Einstein-Rosen bridge connecting regions as business and politics and warfare and marriage. The more bril- PROTEIN SEQUENCES TO PREDICT of spacetime that are far away. Though these papers seemed to be on two completely disconnected subjects, recent research by liant the enterprise, the greater the risks. Every scientific revolu- STRUCTURE Maldacena and others suggest that they are closely connected. tion requires a shift from one way of thinking to another. The rel How do proteins self-assemble into functional The figure above shows the setup for the EPR experiment. Two particles are generated at x = 0 moving with relative velocity v . pioneer who leads the shift has an imperfect grasp of the new molecules? Member Lucy Colwell describes Alice and Bob are two distant observers who can choose to measure either the position or velocity of their respective particles. way of thinking and cannot foresee its consequences. Wrong how each protein (the molecules that enable They do this many times, always starting from the same state. Alice finds a very random set of possible results for the measurement ideas and false trails are part of the landscape to be explored. of the position of her particle and a similarly random set when she decides to measure the velocity. Similar results hold for Bob. life, numbering around 50,000 in the human However, when both Alice and Bob measure the positions, they are perfectly correlated. The same holds when they both measure genome and as many as 20,000,000 copies in the velocity. Read more at www.ias.edu/maldacena-entanglement. a single cell) is a remarkable example of a self- SHIRAZ MINWALLA ON CONNECTIONS BETWEEN organizing system. Once folded, the protein is described as a mono mer, and often different FLUID DYNAMICS AND GRAVITY monomers or multiple copies of the same STEPHEN ADLER ON EMERGENT QUANTUM THEORY AND GRAVITY How does the movement monomer self-assemble into protein complexes of water molecules corre- that form functional molecules. After finishing his PAMIR(Parameterized Adaptive Multidimensional Integration Routines) spond to ripples in space- “We currently live in a hugely exciting time numerical integration project, which resulted in a short book and programs online, Professor time? Member Shiraz for the biological sciences, for the simple reason Emeritus Stephen Adler returned to the program of creating a pre-quantum theory as outlined Minwalla explores an that technological advances have greatly increased in his book Quantum Theory as an Emergent Phenomenon (Cambridge University Press, 2004). interesting connection our ability to accurately collect large amounts

Adler’s aim this past year was to expand the treatment of the book to include gravitation and SAVAGE MCKAY between the equations of data. In particular, over the last twenty years related issues in cosmology, and to try to connect it to particle phenomenology. of hydrodynamics and superfluid dynamics and Einstein’s equations of our ability to cheaply and precisely determine The biggest mysteries in cosmology are the origins of the dark matter that comprises about general relativity. In particular, Minwalla’s research concerns how the the sequences of proteins has vastly increased, 24 percent of stuff in the universe, and the dark energy that comprises about 72 percent, the equations of hydrodynamics pop up in an apparently completely unre- leading to the assembly of large, freely accessible remaining 4 percent being the ordinary matter that we are made of. Adler’s pre-quantum ideas lated setting: in the study of the long dynamics of black holes collections of protein sequences from different suggest that there are two sectors to particle physics, one where quantum mechanics uses an governed by Einstein’s equations with a negative cosmological constant. species,” says Colwell. imaginary unit i and one where it uses the imaginary unit -i (both of which are square roots of Recent theoretical investigations within string theory have focused “However, experimentally determining the -1). In a short essay, he suggested that dark matter may comprise a hidden sector where quantum attention on Einstein’s equations with a negative cosmological constant three-dimensional structure of a protein is expen- theory has an imaginary unit of opposite sign to that in our sector. In exploring the incorporation (negative value of λ). The simplest solution of this equation, which does sive and difficult, leading us to ask if we can use of gravity into his pre- quantum framework, Adler suggested that there is a frame-dependent correction to Einstein gravity not have flat space as a solution, is a highly symmetric spacetime called the sequence data available for each protein to (presumably tied to the rest frame of the cosmological background radiation). For cosmology, this has just the form of the usual anti-de Sitter (AdS) space. Minwalla looks at asymptotically AdS solu- predict its three-dimensional structure. The crucial dark energy, but for other situations, such as around a black hole, it has a very different form. Working out the consequences tions of Einstein’s equations with a negative cosmological constant in point is that the sequence of a particular protein for a black hole in collaboration with Princeton University postdoc Fethi Ramazanoglu, they found that the frame-dependent five spacetime dimensions, which (with or without a gravitational con- varies between different species. Hemoglobin, the correction term leaves the astrophysics of black holes unchanged, but eliminates the black hole horizon when one looks within stant) admit a huge variety of black hole solutions. The equations with a protein in our blood that binds and transports microscopic distances of where the horizon is expected to be. This could have important implications, yet to be worked out, for negative cosmological constant also admit rather unusual related solutions oxygen, provides a good example. Versions of paradoxes connected with loss of information when things fall into a black hole. called black branes. The exact four-parameter set of time-independent hemoglobin from different species are very similar, Adler’s book on emergent quantum theory suggests a connection to theories in which state vector reduction is a real physical black brane solutions may be generalized to an infinite number of approx- both in their three-dimensional structure and process. In a final piece of gravity-related work this past year, he proposed that the universal noise needed in such theories arises imate solutions of Einstein’s equations. These solutions are characterized in the function they carry out. However, there from small, complex number-valued fluctuations in the spacetime metric, i.e., complex number-valued “spacetime foam,” an idea by varying (rather than uniform) energy and momentum density fields. are differences between the hemoglobin amino that will appear in a Cambridge University Press book commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the Bell inequalities. The fields are functions of spatial position as well as time, but are con- acid sequences that occur in different species. An Adler’s pre-quantum ideas require boson- balance (i.e., equal numbers of bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom), strained to obey dynamical equations. Minwalla explains the so-called exciting current direction of research is to exploit which is a weaker requirement than full supersymmetry. Implementing this idea using counting inspired by the most symmetric fluid-gravity correspondence, wherein long wavelength fluctuations of this evolutionary sequence variation and crack the model has led to a proposal for a novel grand unification theory that connects to experimentally viable phenomen - black branes are governed by the equations of hydrodynamics, with code that relates amino acid sequence to protein ology. This was an unanticipated result, and it will be the focus of his research next year. His proposal for a new grand unified gravitationally determined constitutive relations. Read more at structure and function.” Read more at theory will appear in a World Scientific book commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the quark model. www.ias.edu/minwalla-dynamics. www.ias.edu/colwell-proteins.

40 41 School of Social Science

The School of Social Science, founded in 1973, is devoted to a multidisciplinary, comparative, and international approach to the analysis of societies and social change and the examination of historical and contemporary problems. Every year, the School designates an annual theme, although some Members are selected to pursue research in other areas.

HOW CAN AND SHOULD A TOPIC AS LARGE AND UNWIELDY AS “the environment” be studied in the social sciences? This was a central question FACULTY of the 2013–14 theme seminar, “The Environmental Turn and the Social Danielle Allen Sciences,” directed by Professors Didier Fassin and Joan Wallach Scott. UPS Foundation Professor Climate change was one aspect of the material covered, which included Didier Fassin the utility of the concept of the Anthropocene—an informal geologic James D. Wolfensohn Professor chronological term coined in the 1980s that refers to the ways in which Dani Rodrik Albert O. Hirschman Professor human activities have had a significant global impact on the Earth’s ecosys- Joan Wallach Scott tems. The diversity of the participating Members—anthropologists, sociol- Harold F. Linder Professor ogists, philosophers, historians, and scholars of literature and of interna- tional relations—was reflected in the additional topics covered, which PROFESSOR EMERITUS included residential water delivery in Mumbai, the polluting effects of Michael Walzer leather tanning in Japan, the situation of Indigenous groups in the Amazon, the history and politics of environmental movements, and the role of zoos in establishing our relation to nature. The theme seminar also gave rise to an ongoing project that involves writing critical joint papers about the cur- rent focus in the social sciences and humanities—apparent in philosophy, literature, political science, gender studies, science, and technology studies— on what some are calling the “post human,” meaning the exploration of the independent agency of animals and things as they impact human life. How can the ideal of political equality be revived and more broadly understood beyond its standard association with voting and civic rights? The work of Danielle Allen, UPS Foundation Professor, turned around this question through her book Our Declaration (Liveright Publishing Corpora- tion, 2014); her editing of “From Voice to Influence: Citizenship in a Digital Age” (University of Chicago Press, forthcoming in spring 2015) to which she contributed three chapters having to do with new media and civic agency; her Tanner Lectures on “Education and Equality” for October 2015;

ANDREA ANDREA KANE a set of interconnected essays for a draft monograph under the working

Danielle Allen, pictured here leading a seminar for Members, was elected Chair of the Pulitzer Prize Board. Read her remarks to the Pulitzer Board’s annual luncheon at www.pulitzer.org/allen_2014luncheon_remarks.

43 title “Democracy as Justice”; and her par- Allen organized a work-in-progress semi- other. The empirical part of the project regarded as the major qualitative method Medicine, Cultural Anthropology, and Sharun Mukand, Rodrik is building on ticipation in the MacArthur Foundation nar. Topics spanned from nineteenth-cen- consisted in a collective research using in the social sciences: ethnography. One American Ethnologist. It is also on this his 2014 Journal of Economic Perspectives research network on youth and participa- tury shipwrecks and humanitarian relief this framework to study contemporary can consider ethnography both from a theme that two international workshops article to formulate a theory of the tory politics. One of the central questions organizations to Japanese employee train- transformations of the state, in particular genealogical perspective as the long-term on “Ethnography and Policing” and on “political economy of ideas.” This con- of the research network is how to engage ings; from cooperation in the context of when confronted with the management observation of a local community, be “Public Ethnography” were hosted at the ceptual work is paired with an empirical young people in ethical and equitable war to Latino Republicans; from election- of precarious populations such as the poor, it an African village or a French police Institute, with the support of the Fritz project designed to quantify and analyze forms of public participation. related effects on national economies to minorities, immigrants, and asylum seekers. precinct, and from an etymological point Thyssen Stiftung. the extent to which political speech In addition, Allen has been building religion and politics in South Sudan. Three ideal-typical forms were discussed of view as the exercise of rendering this The research of Dani Rodrik, Albert appeals to ideas, whether in the form the Democratic Knowledge Project, a How can the social sciences approach —the social, punitive, and liberal state— social world and the lives of the people O. Hirschman Professor, focused on of identity politics or worldview politics. series of interconnected research and morals and in a way that is both which create tensions within a given inhabiting it through writing. How, then, three lines of inquiry in 2013–14. First, Finally, Rodrik also has been writing action projects that involve the bodies distinct from and complementary to the national context at a specific historical can these local findings be converted into he continued his research on economic a book on the role of “models” in eco- of knowledge, skills, and capacities that philosophical approach? An attempt to time. The theoretical dimension was general statements about social mecha- growth in the developing and emerging- nomics. The book explains how models are necessary to sustain democratic polit- answer this question was a four-year developed in Moral Anthropology: A Critical nisms and processes and how can local market economies. In this research, are the scientific core of economics, ical institutions over the long term. The project, “Toward a Critical Moral Anthro- Reader (Routledge, 2014), whereas the scenes be related to larger historical Rodrik underscored the importance of although they are often misunderstood Demo cratic Knowledge Project encom- pology,” which Didier Fassin, James D. empirical one will be presented in the changes and political issues? Addressing the process of structural transformation by outsiders and misused by economists passes research initiatives concerning the Wolfensohn Professor, concluded in forthcoming “At the Heart of the State: these issues led to discussions of the links and, in particular, industrialization as a themselves. Economics is a collection of value of the humanities and liberal arts to 2013. The project, which was awarded an The Moral World of Institutions” (Pluto and differences between the social sciences driver of growth. He examined the rate models that clarify the nature of causal civic education; the relationship between Advanced Grant “Ideas” by the European Press). Fassin delivered a series of and the world of fiction and art as well of structural transformation in diverse relationships and their implications. They arts of “bonding” and arts of “bridging” Research Council, involved the proposal keynote and invited lectures on these as the public role of the ethnographer countries and produced an introduction are necessarily setting specific, so model in the formation of social capital; the of an interpretive framework, combining questions in the United States, Latin in contemporary society. This was the to a collection of country studies on the selection plays a critical, though under - integration of traditions of political moral economies, to analyze broad evolu- America, and Europe, as well as a course subject of Fassin’s keynote lectures at subject, as well as a paper that examines appreciated, role in making economics thought from around the globe; and the tions in terms of legitimate values and on “The Ethnography of the State” at the annual conferences of the Canadian Africa’s future growth prospects from a useful science. The diversity of models ethical, pragmatic, and psychological effects, such as the recent emergence the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Anthropology Society in Toronto and this perspective. The second line of his belies the charge that economics is a demands placed on citizens in contem- of humanitarianism, on the one hand, Sociales in Paris. of the British Society of Criminology research examined the role of ideas, as homogenous discipline that always porary, digital public spheres. and ethical subjectivities, to account for As an extension of this research, in Liverpool, a course on “Ethnography distinct from vested interests, in deter - provides the same answer to policy For 2013–14 Members who were individual dilemmas, deliberations, and Fassin conducted an epistemological and and Its Publics” at Princeton University, mining political outcomes. Working questions. But economists are often not connected with the theme year, decisions in concrete situations, on the ethical reflection on what is generally and articles published in Social Science and jointly with the University of Warwick’s their worst enemy insofar as they have

PHOTO CREDITS, L TO R: ANDREA KANE, ANDREA KANE, DAN KOMODA, ANDREA KANE

Wendy Griswold, Rosanna and Charles Jaffin Founders’ Circle Member, studies Professor Dani Rodrik, pictured here giving a lecture at IAS on Member Ellen Stroud (second from left) talks with other scholars at Nikhil Anand, Wolfensohn Family Member, researches the politics literature and American cultural regionalism: distinctive, place-based cultural economic convergence, recently joined the Global Commission on an After Hours Conversation. Stroud’s research focuses on unexpected and ecology of urban infrastructures. At the Institute, he gave a talk forms at any level. Her research, which extends from the nineteenth century to the Economy and Climate, an international initiative to analyze and connections between social processes and both built and natural on biopolitics and the state of water pipes in Mumbai. He is pictured the present, supports the thesis that literature—and not just works but authors, communicate the economic benefits and costs of acting on climate environments. At the Institute, she worked on an environmental history here (second from right) attending the School’s theme seminar, “The institutions, and readers—produces the understandings and practices associated change. Rodrik writes a monthly column for Project Syndicate, which of the modern American corpse, examining the role of dead human bodies Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences,” organized by Professors with enduring cultures of place. may be read at www.project-syndicate.org/columnist/dani-rodrik. in the shaping of twentieth-century American landscapes. Didier Fassin and Joan Wallach Scott. 44 45 a tendency to overlook the contextual OUR DECLARATION by Danielle Allen 2013–14 MEMBERS AND VISITORS nature of their analysis and treat a model (Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2014) f First Term ! s Second Term ! v Visitor ! j Joint Member School of Historical Studies as the model. Troubled by the fact that so few Americans actually know Joan Wallach Scott, Harold F. what it says, Danielle Allen explores the arguments Linder Professor, has been working on a of the Declaration with both adult night students and book about secularism and its relationship University of Chicago undergraduates, and finds that while Nikhil Anand Gabrielle Benette Jackson Anthropology, Geography ! Philosophy ! ! v to gender equality. The book (under con- it is riddled with contradictions—liberating some while University of Minnesota University of Toronto tract with Princeton University Press) is Wolfensohn Family Member subjugating slaves and Native Americans—the Declaration Dale Jamieson in response to the “clash of civilizations” nevertheless makes a coherent argument about equality. Cristina Beltrán Environmental Studies, Philosophy ! New York University rhetoric that has posed the contrast Political Science ! New York University between Islam and the West in terms of Joseph P. Masco ENFORCING ORDER by Didier Fassin Elizabeth Popp Berman Cultural Anthropology, Science Studies ! The University of Chicago the oppression or the emancipation of (Polity Press, 2013) Sociology ! University at Albany, State University of New York Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Member women. In this polemic, it is the religion Richard B. Fisher Member of Islam that is taken to be responsible for Based on a fifteen-month ethnographic study carried out Ann McGrath women’s oppression, the secularism of the by Didier Fassin, this book examines the daily interactions Milton Cameron History ! The Australian National University Philosophy ! The Australian National University ! v Louise and John Steffens Founders’ Circle Member West that enables their emancipation. between the police and the inhabitants of disadvantaged Scott’s work and that of many other neighborhoods outside of Paris. Describing the invisible Brandice Canes-Wrone Ramah McKay feminist and postcolonial historians sug- manifestations of violence and unrecognized forms of Political Science ! Princeton University Anthropology ! University of Minnesota ! v discrimination against minority youth, undocumented immi- Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., and Annette L. Nazareth Member gests a more complicated picture about Vanessa Ogle secularism in the West. In her book, grants, and Roma people, it analyzes the historical, political, Filippo Cesarano International and Global History ! University of Pennsylvania she returns to that scholarship in order and social conditions that make them possible and tolerable. Economics ! Institute for Advanced Study ! v, f John F. Padgett to make more complex the story of Yvonne Chiu Political Science ! The University of Chicago secularism and equality. She argues that Political Science ! The University of Hong Kong Deutsche Bank Member secularism—a political movement to “ECONOMICS: SCIENCE, CRAFT, OR SNAKE OIL?” subordinate religious authority to state by Dani Rodrik Nitsan Chorev Manuela Lavinas Picq Sociology ! Brown University Political Science ! Universidad de Quito regulation—was not initially concerned (The Institute Letter, Fall 2013) AMIAS Member with equality. Secularism was a discourse Dani Rodrik describes the flexible, contextual nature of Noah Salomon ! about state neutrality in relation to the his field, arguing that economists devote too little time to Elizabeth Anne Davis Religion Carleton College Anthropology ! Princeton University private conscience of individuals and determining which model best applies to a particular real- Kim Lane Scheppele about the absence of institutional religion world setting. Read more at www.ias.edu/rodrik-economics. Omar Dewachi Law · Princeton University ! j in the domain of politics. Moreover, the Anthropology ! American University of Beirut ! v, f Sverker Sörlin process of secularization—the substitution Pinar Dog˘an Environmental History, History of Science ! KTH Royal Institute of of the profane (rational calculation, Economics ! John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard Technology, Stockholm divisions of labor, bureaucracy, market “JOAN W. SCOTT’S CRITICAL HISTORY OF University ! v Ellen Stroud calculation) for the sacred in the organi- INEQUALITY” by Clyde Plumauzille James Doyle U.S. Urban and Environmental History ! zation of the nation-state—introduced (The Institute Letter, Summer 2014) Philosophy ! Institute for Advanced Study ! v Frederick Burkhardt Fellowship funded by the American Council of ideas about the family and women that With each shift in her historiographical focus, Joan Wallach Learned Societies justified gender inequality. Jeffrey Flynn Scott has found the material needed to fuel her critical Scott’s book will recount this history. Philosophy ! Fordham University Joanna Tokarska-Bakir thought and shed light on the blind spots of social systems Cultural and Historical Anthropology ! Uniwersytet Warszawski ! v, f She argues that although there are many from the time of the French Revolution until the present David I. Grazian important differences, the stark Islam/ Sociology ! University of Pennsylvania Henning Trüper day. Read more at www.ias.edu/plumauzille-scott. History ! Centre de Recherches Historiques, École des Hautes West opposition covers over continuing Mark Greif Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris inequalities on both sides of the divide. Literature, Intellectual History ! The New School Scott developed the arguments for the Richard York MICHAEL WALZER ON DISSENT Wendy Griswold book chapters in a series of lectures Sociology ! University of Oregon Sociology ! Northwestern University given as a Visiting Distinguished Fellow In his remarks at Dissent’s sixtieth anniversary celebration Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Member Rosanna and Charles Jaffin Founders’ Circle Member for the Program for the Study of Women, on October 24, 2013, Michael Walzer, who co-edited the Gender, and Sexuality at Johns Hopkins magazine from 1975 until 2013, articulated Dissent’s commit- Joseph D. Hankins University; as the Priestly Lecturer at ments as believing “in the possibility of—not perfect justice, Anthropology ! University of California, San Diego University College of the University of not the messianic kingdom, not even a classless society—but Dagmar Herzog Toronto; as the Byrne Lecturer at Vander- what Irving Howe called ‘a world more attractive’—more History ! The Graduate Center, The City University of New bilt University; and as a participant in a attractive than the one we live in: a better place, a more York ! v, s conference on “Emancipation” in Paris. egalitarian society.”

46 47 KIM LANE SCHEPPELE ON GLOBAL SECURITY LAW AFTER 9/11 What happened when the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1373 to fight terrorism but failed to define it? Kim Lane Scheppele, a joint Member in the Schools of Historical Studies and Social Science, explored how more than

CHRIS CHRIS MADDEN a decade after the attacks of 9/11, global security law is still setting the framework GABRIELLE BENETTE JACKSON for some of the most worrisome legislation ON CONSCIOUSNESS around the world. How do we understand consciousness without According to Scheppele, the passing becoming complicit in that understanding? Visitor ANDREA KANE of Resolution 1373, which represented Gabrielle Benette Jackson, Assistant Professor the first time in the history of inter - VERKER ÖRLIN ON HE NVIRONMENT at Stony Brook University, looked at the role S S T E national law that a nonrepresentative of neurophenomenology in under stand ing the Will the environmental turn in the human sciences become decisive enough? body within an international organization relationship between the and the body— Member Sverker Sörlin, Professor of Environmental History in the Division claimed the power to make binding law between consciousness and the physical substrates of History of Science, Technology, and Environment at the Royal Institute for all member states, has “encouraged that realize it. The deeper problem of trying to of Technology, argues that “in a world where cultural values, political and the worldwide creation of new, vague, investigate consciousness, contends Jackson, is that religious ideas, and deep-seated human behaviors still rule the way people and politically defined crimes; sanctioned

“we never establish identity statements linking lead their lives, produce, and consume, the idea of environmentally relevant JOHN PADGETT evasion of prior legal limits before neurochemical processes directly to consciousness. knowledge must change. We cannot dream of sustainability unless we start state authorities could search places and JOHN PADGETT ON HISTORY, EVOLUTION, AND What we do get are equivalences linking our to pay more attention to the human agents of the planetary pressure that people; launched massive new domestic conception of neurochemical processes to our environmental experts are masters at measuring but seem unable to prevent.” SOCIAL NETWORKS surveillance programs to capture electronic conception of consciousness. We then have to Sörlin is cofounder of the KTH Environmental Humanities Laboratory and Where do new types of people, organizations, social movements, states, and communications; encouraged states to spy wonder how accurate and stable our concepts are. editor, with Libby Robin and Paul Warde, of The Future of Nature: Documents markets in history come from? John Padgett, Deutsche Bank Member, sketched on people within and across their borders; To what extent do the concepts we use transform of Global Change (Yale University Press, 2013), which recently won the New one way in which coevolution and autocatalysis can be conceptualized in moved toward preventive detention and the explananda?” Read more at Book Fair Prize for Best Edited Collection. Read more at terms of the multiple social networks of Renaissance Florence (see image aggressive interrogation regimes; and www.ias.edu/jackson-consciousness. www.ias.edu/sorlin-environment. above). He suggests that the largest outstanding gap in social science’s collective installed new barriers in international understanding is our weak processual knowledge about the emergence of actors migration.” Scheppele is Laurance S. and proposes that history might fruitfully be analyzed, in line with the new Rockefeller Professor of Sociology and scientific maturity in biochemistry, as interacting sets of dynamically evolving International Affairs in the Woodrow (and tipping) networks of people and practices. Padgett is Professor of Political Wilson School and the University Center YVONNE CHIU ON CONSPIRING WITH THE ENEMY Science at the University of Chicago, with courtesy appointments also in the for Human Values at Princeton University. AND COOPERATING IN WARFARE Departments of Sociology and History. Read more at www.ias.edu/padgett- Read more at www.ias.edu/scheppele- evolution. terrorism. What role does cooperation play in warfare? From soccer games to drone ethics, Member Yvonne Chiu described how some of the more amazing stories of cooperation in warfare come from the trenches of World War I and a “live and let live” system that led to a reciprocal exchange—of minim - ization of injury and death. Chiu notes that 1) cooperation in warfare is MILTON CAMERON ON ALBERT EINSTEIN’S certainly not the norm, 2) cooperation in warfare is not a uniquely modern INFLUENCE ON ARCHITECTURE phenomenon, and 3) the rules are not always obeyed and are more often deliberately violated. She also addresses how the idea of cooperation has What was the nature of the relationships between Albert Einstein adapted to developments in technology, how the ethic of cooperation has and architects Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier? Visitor Milton worked its way into practical thinking about just war theory, and how a belief Cameron researched ways in which modern architects and architectural in reciprocal risk still persists, particularly in debates about the fairness and historians sought to associate themselves with Einstein (seen here in the ethics of drone warfare. Chiu is Assistant Professor in the Department of living room of Wright’s Fallingwater) to gain intellectual credibility for Politics and Public Adminis tration at the University of Hong Kong. Read their own work, or attempted to use aspects of Einstein’s theories as more at www.ias.edu/chiu-war. Pictured at left: A wounded German soldier metaphors for their own thought processes or as catalysts for paradigm a cigarette for a wounded British soldier at a British field hospital during the Battle of shift within architectural design. Read more at www.ias.edu/cameron-

LT. THOMAS K. AITKEN, BRITISH ARMY PHOTOGRAPHER/IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUMS WAR ARMY AITKEN, THOMAS BRITISH PHOTOGRAPHER/IMPERIAL K. LT. einstein. Épehy, near the end of the First World War. CONSERVANCY PENNSYLVANIA WESTERN THE OF COURTESY

48 49 Special Programs and Outreach

The Institute for Advanced Study is committed to the idea that science and learning transcend all geographic boundaries and scholastic disciplines, and that scholars and scientists are members of one commonwealth of the mind. It engages with the greater Princeton community through public lectures, concerts, and events, and extends its influence beyond academia through innovative programs designed to inspire and educate.

BEYOND THE WORK THAT TAKES PLACE in the four Schools, the Institute’s scope is broadened and enhanced by its special programs, which contribute much SPECIAL PROGRAMS to the vitality of the Institute. Program in The Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, directed by Professor Piet Hut, Interdisciplinary Studies explores ways of viewing the world that span a range of disciplines from compu- Director’s Visitors tational astro physics, geology, and paleontology to artificial , cognitive psychology, and philosophy. Artist-in-Residence Program The Director’s Visitor program enables the Director to invite scholars from a variety of fields, including areas not represented within the four Schools, to par- OUTREACH ticipate in the range of intellectual and social activities at the Institute. Beginning with Director J. Robert Oppenheimer (1947–66) and formalized by Director IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Harry Woolf (1976–87), the program has included nearly eighty scholars invited as Director’s Visitors, including philosopher Paul Benacerraf, biochemist Paul Women and Berg, political theorist Isaiah Berlin, former U.S. Ambassador William H. Luers, Mathematics Program and writer Sylvia Nasar. Prospects in Theoretical Throughout each academic year, the Institute offers lectures and special events Physics

that are open to the public, as well as the Edward T. Cone Concert Series and talks Science Initiative Group organized by the Institute’s Artist-in-Residence. The Artist-in-Residence Program was established in 1994 to create a musical presence within the Institute community, and to have in residence a person whose work could be experienced and appreciated by scholars from all disciplines. Artists-in-Residence have included Robert Taub, Jon Magnussen, Paul Moravec, Derek Bermel, and, as of 2013, Sebastian Currier. The Institute also engages in outreach beyond its local community. Since 1994, the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute has integrated mathematics educators, researchers, and students through innovative programs. The Program for Women and Mathematics, sponsored jointly with Princeton University, provides substan- tive mathematics content as well as practical encouragement for women to pursue careers in the field of mathematics. The School of Natural Sciences sponsors Prospects in Theoretical Physics, a two-week residential summer program held at the Institute for exceptionally prom ising graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. In 1999, the Institute cre- ated the Science Initiative Group, an international team of scientific leaders and

AMY RAMSEY supporters dedicated to fostering science in developing countries.

The Nunc Ensemble’s artistic director and violinist/violist, Miranda Cuckson, performs composer Brian Ferneyhough’s violin solo “Intermedio alla Ciaccona,” displayed behind her, to a sold-out show in Wolfensohn Hall as part of the 2013–14 Edward T. Cone Concert Series.

50 51 SPECIAL PROGRAMS ARTIST-IN-RESIDENCE PROGRAM As the Institute’s Artist-in-Residence, the composer PROGRAM IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES Sebastian Currier curated the 2013–14 Edward T. Cone Concert Series, which featured performances by Left: Professor Piet Hut the Argento Ensemble and works like Currier’s Deep- (center) hosts a series of Sky Objects—a cycle of songs with text by Sarah lunchtime discussions. Center: An interdisciplinary Manguso that portray longing and desire on an inter- group of scholars met galactic scale. In addition to the concert series, Currier regularly to discuss the search for life outside of organized a series for the Institute community, Artists our own planet. Right: Present, which included presentations and discussions Hut’s “Category Theory by sculptor Judy Fox, author Ginger Strand, and for Scientists” workshop at IAS filmmaker and video artist Pawel Wojtasik about the ALL PHOTOS AMY RAMSEY AMY RAMSEY ALL PHOTOS creative process. As head of the Program in Interdisciplinary Studies at the Institute, Professor Piet Hut interacted with a range of Visitors in his During the 2013–14 academic year, three new

program, covering areas from astrophysics, physics, mathematics, statistics, , genomics, bioinformatics, computer science, and works by Currier were premiered: Cadence, Fugue, Fade, AMY RAMSEY artificial life to sociology, political science, literature, art history, philosophy, and photography. commissioned by the American Brass Quintet; Artificial Over the years, acclaimed violinist Lara St. John has collected thousands of folk tunes Memory, written for the Paul Dresher Ensemble; and from Eastern Europe and the Middle East, and she has commissioned composers to During the year, Hut continued to lead a series, After Hours Conversations, together with colleagues Patrick Geary from the School make arrangements of some of the material. In Musical Geographies, the second set of of Historical Studies, Didier Fassin from the School of Social Science, and Helmut Hofer from the School of Mathematics. These conver - Parallel Worlds, commissioned by the Chamber Music concerts of the 2013–14 season, she performed a group of pieces from this intriguing sations were held at IAS twice weekly for two months during each semester, and they were widely seen as an effective way to encourage Society of Lincoln Center. project, accompanied by pianist Martin Kennedy. inter-School communication at the Institute. In addition, Hut ran a series of weekly informal lunch conversations, IPA@IAS, short for Interdisciplinary Perspectives on , on various topics related to astrobiology in general, and the origin of life in particular. In other areas of astrophysics, Hut continued his research with Ataru Tanikawa, Douglas Heggie, and Jun Makino on the formation of double stars in dense stellar systems. They published a detailed analysis showing how such binary stars are typically formed through complex simultaneous multi-body interactions, in contrast to the conventional wisdom that three-body interactions dominate their DIRECTOR’S VISITORS formation process. Hut was also a member of the Advisory Committee for “GRAVASCO: N-Body Gravitational Dynamical Systems from N =2 to Infinity,” a trimester of seminars and lectures for master’s students and researchers, as well as specialized workshops at Nickolas Barris Ulrich Raulff further developed his the Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris, from September to December 2013. wrote the screen- ideas about the coexistence, frictions, and The Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI), an interdisciplinary initiative launched at the end of 2012 at the Tokyo Institute for Technol - play for his film mutual inspirations between scientists and ogy, focuses on the study of the origins and evolution of life on Earth, and possibly on other planets as well, within the context of geology about scientific humanists at the Institute from 1945 until and astrophysics. Hut continued his association with ELSI as a foreign Principle Investigator and Councilor and as the co-organizer of the imagination and the second half of the fifties. In his Leibniz workshop “Why Life?” in January 2014. In March, Hut organized two shorter workshops at IAS, “Modeling Origins of Life” and “Cat- innovation, lecture at the Berlin- Brandenburgische

egory Theory for Scientists.” During the summer, he was the co-organizer of a five-week workshop on “Modeling Origins of Life,” held AMY RAMSEY Einstein’s Light, Akademie der Wissenschaften in June for two weeks at ELSI in Tokyo and for three weeks in Kobe, sponsored by its K computer, one of the world’s fastest supercomputers. which is partly a historical review of the lives of Einstein 2014, he presented these ideas under Hut continued his involvement with the , dedicated to trying to protect the Earth from impacts. As a and Lorentz as well as a filmic representation of cognition. the title “An American Renaissance: cofounder, he served for more than ten years as a member of the Board, while in 2014 he took up the position of Strategic Advisor. Einstein’s Light is the first major film accepted to the Princeton after the Second World War.” United Nations/UNESCO International Year of Light PIET HUT ON ORIGINS OF LIFE 2013–14 VISITORS 2015 and will also be a primary film for celebrating the “Young children often pose the most interesting f First Term centenary of Einstein’s theory of general relativity in 2015. questions. ‘Why are we here?’ is one of them.And this question can take on many forms. One of Henderson James Cleaves II ! Siobhan Roberts edited and completed them is ‘Why is there anything at all?’ Another is Chemistry Carnegie Institution of Washington Graham Farmelo finalized the text her book “Genius at Play: The Curious ‘Why am I alive?’ or ‘Why am I me?’ These ques- Douglas S. Duckworth of his book Churchill’s Bomb, which Mathematical Mind of John Horton tions are closely connected to central questions in Philosophy ! Temple University was published in the fall of 2014. Additionally, Farmelo began to Conway,” which will be published in the EARTH-LIFE SCIENCE EARTH-LIFE INSTITUTE natural science. In my opinion, there are three, Yuka Fujii spring of 2015 by Bloomsbury. She also and all three are concerned with origins. After all, ‘Why is there X?’ is closely Planetary Science ! Earth-Life Science Institute, research his next book, which will ! collaborated with Professor Helmut Hofer related to ‘Where does X come from?’ So what are the most interesting puzzles Tokyo Institute of Technology f illustrate how modern mathematics in researching and writing a biography about origins? I would say: the origin of matter; the origins of life; and the origin Jon Lindsay is enriching the development of of the late German mathematician of consciousness. To put it in the form of questions: ‘Where did matter come Security Studies ! University of California, San fundamental theoretical physics, Andreas Floer. from?’ ‘How did matter become alive?’ and ‘How did living beings develop the Diego and vice versa. In an Institute Letter article, Roberts explored the monster— capacity to ask these three questions?’ Hyun Ok Park In an Institute Letter article, Farmelo described how “Fortunately, modern science is now making inroads toward providing at least East Asian Studies ! York University Churchill doubted whether politicians would be equal the largest of the sporadic simple groups in mathematics— and what lies beneath its unimaginable 196,883 dimensions: some answers to some aspects of these questions, while suggesting more precise Edwin L. Turner to the challenge of building nuclear weapons: ways to pose the questions.” Read more at www.ias.edu/hut-origins. Astrophysics ! Princeton University www.ias.edu/farmelo-churchill. www.ias.edu/roberts-monster.

52 53 OUTREACH PROGRAM FOR WOMEN AND MATHEMATICS The Program for Women and Mathematics, held annually at the Institute for PARK CITY MATHEMATICS INSTITUTE Advanced Study, aims to encourage undergraduate and graduate students to continue their mathematics education. Sponsored by the Institute and Princeton University and generously supported by the National Science Foundation, the program’s theme for 2014 centered on random matrix theory and was organized by Dusa McDuff of Barnard College, Antonella Grassi of the University of Pennsylvania, and Christine Taylor and Sun-Yung Alice Chang of Princeton University. The program included lectures, research seminars, Women-in-Science seminars, panels, colloquia, and a tour of Princeton Physics Lab. In addi- tion to mathematical work, participants engaged in activities aimed at helping them improve their interpersonal skills, appear more confident, and balance their career and family roles. These included improvisational skits to enact different roles in the mathematical profession, a seminar on using language to offset stereo - typical behavior and overcome communication pitfalls, and discussions centered on the career and family options women mathematicians have undertaken.

ALL PHOTOS PARK CITY MATHEMATICS INSTITUTE CITY MATHEMATICS PARK ALL PHOTOS This year, informal mentoring partnerships were organized for participants interested in having a mentor who is further along in her mathematical career The Park City Mathematics Institute (PCMI) is an outreach program of the Institute for Advanced Study that provides an intensive and can serve as a sounding board, friend, counselor, cheerleader, and promoter. mathematical experience for mathematics educators at the secondary and post-secondary levels, as well as mathematics researchers and Participants found their mentors from among the participants in this year’s students. Established in 1991 through a grant from the National Science Foundation, PCMI has been an Institute program since 1994. program and, through an extensive alumnae database, among older alumnae Each year, the focus of the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute is determined by its Research in Mathematics Program, who share similar experiences to those of some participants, particularly those

which offers advanced scholars the opportunity to collaborate, research, and explore new teaching methods, and its Graduate ANDREA KANE from smaller universities and liberal arts colleges. Summer School, which invites graduate students to attend lectures by leading scientists. This year, these programs were a vibrant and interdisciplinary mix of mathematical and physical problems motivated by materials science. Both programs attracted students and faculty from departments of chemistry, physics, mathematics, and engineering. Topics were chosen to attract mathematicians to the fundamental geometric problems in materials science—which led to a focus on problems at the interface between statistical mechanics, geometry, and the calculus of variations—to ensure that all participants, especially the students, would obtain a core of knowledge that they would not be exposed to elsewhere. The mathematical techniques were drawn from analysis, the calculus of variations, discrete geometry, differential geometry, partial differential equations, and probability theory. One major theme of the program, developed over three weeks, was a treatment of statistical mechanics that ranged from conceptual foundations (ergodicity and entropy, in principle and in practice) to rigorous mathematical treatments of phase transitions. Various applications of statistical mechanics were considered, including the study of particulate matter (tilings, packings, and crystals), and the development of models for emerging areas of nanoscience, such as synthetic self-assembly. A second theme was the development and analysis of models of soft matter physics, which included studies of the folding and wrinkling of thin films and the behavior of liquid crystals. These two themes were not distinct since certain problems in phase transitions, such as hysteresis, are studied using tools from the calculus of variations, while statistical mechanics plays a fundamental role in the modeling of liquid crystals. In a parallel program, the Undergraduate Summer School, undergraduate students followed two three-week courses studying mathematics fundamental in the study of materials. They learned the calculus of variations in one course and about aperiodic tilings and quasicrystals in another. Undergraduates are rarely exposed to applications of mathematics in materials science for a lack of suitable course material. Participants in the Undergraduate Faculty Program laid the foundation for an undergraduate course on the mathematics of materials. The Undergraduate Faculty Program lecturer, with some other PCMI participants, plans to write an undergraduate text on the subject, building on the work done during PCMI. The mathematics course for the Teacher Leadership Program was centered on geometric topics that included tilings of the plane, sphere packing, and related questions about fractions. The teachers also discussed pedagogical issues related to making classroom discussions more productive, and they prepared materials to support the implementation of the Common Core mathematics standards. One notable feature of this year’s program was the degree to which participants from the various programs interacted. It was not uncommon to see researchers, teachers, and students together, constructing origami structures or building a model of a three- Top: Former Member (2012–13) , the first of two women to be awarded the Henri Poincaré Prize, gave a colloquium on quantum ergodicity. Above, clockwise from top left: Member Olga Holtz gave a colloquium on “Randomization and Compressive Sensing”; a program participant working dimensional . Such interactions are the glue that holds PCMI together and helps build bridges between the various on the lawn south of Fuld Hall; daily review sessions were held in the Dilworth Room; Alice Guionnet of MIT taught the beginner colloquium, “Asymptotics components of the mathematical community. To learn more about the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute, including its of Moments in Random Matrix Theory”; Tadashi Tokeida of the showed how simple everyday objects can illustrate profound organizers, programs, publications, and recent news, visit https://pcmi.ias.edu. mathematical and physical principles; participants in Alice Guionnet’s colloquium.

54 PHOTO CREDITS, CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: DAN KOMODA, ANDREA KANE, ANDREA KANE, DAN KOMODA, AMY RAMSEY, DAN KOMODA 55 PROSPECTS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS SCIENCE INITIATIVE GROUP

The Institute’s thirteenth annual Prospects in Theoretical Physics (PiTP) summer The Science Initiative Group (SIG) has fostered science in developing countries since it became an IAS outreach program in 1999. program for graduate students and postdoctoral scholars, which focused on string For the past seven years, SIG has focused on the Regional Initiative in Science and Education (RISE). With funding from Carnegie theory, was truly extraordinary in that it overlapped with Strings 2014. This is Corporation of New York, RISE supports five university-based research and training networks for scientists and engineers pursuing one of the field’s most important gatherings, which the Institute hosted with master’s and doctoral degrees in sub-Saharan Africa. Each RISE student receives his or her degree from one university, while having Princeton University, convening international experts and researchers to discuss access to the complementary instruction, research opportunities, and laboratory facilities available at all institutions within the network. string theory and its most recent developments. Six hundred attendees gathered The five networks have substantial autonomy with respect to academic content and policy, budget allocation, and internal administration. for Strings 2014, which made it one of the largest Strings conferences since their SIG plays an advisory, coordinating, and developmental role. inception in 1995. The RISE networks’ current areas of scientific training—materials science and engineering, natural products research, biochemistry Strings 2014 talks covered topics from B-mode cosmology and the t heory of and bioinformatics, water resources, and marine science—target some of Africa’s most pressing ecological problems and technological inflation to quantum entanglement, the amplituhedron, and the fate of spacetime. deficits. Student projects address many of the key sustainable development challenges of the region. Videos from Strings 2014 may be viewed at https://physics.princeton.edu/ strings2014/Talk_titles.shtml. The program for PiTP and videos of its string theory Sharing Technological Expertise with Less-Advanced Countries talks may be viewed at https://pitp2014.ias.edu/schedule.html. While Malawi is one of the richest tea-growing countries in Africa, its research capacity is modest compared to that of neighboring As part of the PiTP program, the Institute showed a screening of Particle Fever, South Africa. For several years, one of the RISE networks has supported a partnership between the Tea Research Foundation of a new film that follows six scientists, including the Institute’s Nima Arkani- Central Africa (TRFCA) in Malawi and the University of Pretoria. Pelly Malebe, a RISE-supported Ph.D. student at Pretoria, has Hamed, during the launch of the Large Hadron Collider and fortuitously captures been working closely with Nick Mphangwe, a Malawian who recently earned his Ph.D. through RISE. A productive collaboration the discovery of the Higgs particle. , who predicted the existence is centered around the link between Mphangwe’s long field experience at tea breeding and Malebe’s growing expertise in bioinfor- of the particle fifty years ago, gave one of his first seminars on the topic at the matics. Together with their advisor Professor Zeno Apostolides, Malebe and Mphangwe have identified tea genes that can give the Institute in 1966. ANDREA ANDREA KANE drought resistance and other desirable genetic traits.

Adding Value to Natural Products Many of the beaches in southwestern Africa are covered in red seaweeds that wash ashore and rot. For her M.Sc. research at the University of Namibia, Naomi Shifeta decided to do something useful with that wasted seaweed: she is using it to produce bioplastics. Most plastics manufactured today are carbon-based polymers derived primarily from the world’s steadily dwindling stocks of non - renewable petroleum. They also constitute a major cause of pollution. Bioplastics, by contrast, are derived from renewable bioresources. Unlike many plant resources, the red seaweed Shifeta uses is produced freely, without fertilizers or pesticides, and has applications in numerous industrial products. Catherine Kaingu Kaluwa’s Ph.D. research is inspired by her desire to help the women of her region, the remote Tana River County of Kenya. Kaluwa discovered that in 2012 some 465,000 women in Kenya had abortions, a common practice partly attributed to unmet contraceptive needs in women of reproductive age. A 2013 African Population Health Research Centre report found that 266 of every 100,000 women in Kenya die yearly due to unsafe abortions. Kaluwa decided to carry out her research on two from Tana County said to affect the reproductive system of both animals and humans, after she had discovered that local women were using a mixture of extracts from these plants to prevent pregnancy. The protective effect was said to last two years, and yet almost noth- ing was known about how or why these plants were working. She used the rabbit as an animal model and found that the herbs increased the rate and amplitude of uterine contractions. Kaluwa is now conducting clinical trials and further research to test these natural prod- ucts for efficacy and safety and to understand the scientific basis of their contraceptive properties.

Top: PiTP-Strings banners lined the sidewalks of the Institute campus. The artwork, which features iconic Institute and Princeton University buildings amid a GROUP SCIENCE INITIATIVE ALL PHOTOS swirling celestial backdrop, was created by Robbert Dijkgraaf, Institute Director and Leon Levy Professor, especially for the event. Above, clockwise from upper left: PiTP participants dine together outside Simons Hall; the lawn south of Fuld Hall was the center of activity during PiTP; Professor Juan Maldacena gave a Above, from left: Tea leaves are gathered for RISE-supported Ph.D candidate Pelly Malebe’s research. Working closely with Nick Mphangwe, who has extensive field lecture on causality constraints on three-point amplitudes; the film Particle Fever was screened in Wolfensohn Hall and was followed by a discussion experience at tea breeding, Malebe aims to identify genes that can give tea plants drought resistance; red seaweeds that wash ashore are used by Naomi Shifeta to with filmmaker Mark Levinson, Robbert Dijkgraaf, and Professor Nima Arkani-Hamed; the Institute’s dining services provided buffet-style dinners for program produce bioplastics as part of her M.Sc. research; Shifeta (left) presented her work at a recent RISE conference; to help reduce the number of unwanted preg nancies participants; a drum circle was organized on the first evening of PiTP. that result in unsafe abortions in Kenya, Catherine Kaingu Kaluwa is testing the efficacy and safety of plants used by local women as a means of contraception.

56 PHOTO CREDITS, CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: ANDREA KANE, ALEXANDRA ALTMAN, ANDREA KANE, DAN KOMODA, DAN KOMODA, ANDREA KANE, ANDREA KANE 57 November 18 December 11 January 14 RECORD OF EVENTS Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Art History Seminar ! “Apollonius Pictus”: East Asian Studies Workshop ! Xiongnu and Ideology of Sacrifice and Soldier Motivation in the Possible Readings of Late Antique Art around Huns: Archaeological Perspective on Identity and Ottoman Great War ! Yücel Yanikdag˘ , 1000 ! Anna Boreczky, National Széchényi Migration ! Ursula Birgit Brosseder, University of Richmond; Member, School of Library, Budapest; Member, School of Historical Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; School of Historical Studies October 17 November 5 Historical Studies Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Seminar on International Relations ! Medieval Seminar ! Digging in the Colonial September 24 “Improvised Antiquaries”: French Officers and the Archives: French Officers in Algeria and the Evolving November 19 December 12 Early Modern Workshop ! Church Censorship Medieval Seminar ! First Term Introductions ! Challenges (and Opportunities) Offered by Roman Memory of Rome ! Bonnie Effros, University East Asian Studies Workshop ! Liu Xiang and Seminar on International Relations ! “You in Eighteenth-Century Italy ! Giorgio Caravale, Patrick J. Geary, Professor, School of Monuments in Colonial Algeria (1830–1870) ! of Florida; Member, School of Historical Liu Xin: Two Critical Voices of the Western Han ! Better Belize It”: Historical Narratives ! Matthew Università degli Studi Roma Tre; Member, Historical Studies Bonnie Effros, University of Florida; Studies Michael Loewe, University of Cambridge B. Restall, The Pennsylvania State University; School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies September 30 November 6 November 20 January 15 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! October 21 Early Modern Workshop ! Relating Duties, Islamicist Seminar ! Between Theology and Medieval Seminar ! Instrumenta Pacis in their Art History Seminar ! Pigments Purs and the First Term Introductions ! Patrick J. Geary, Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Rights, and Virtues: The Structure of Eighteenth- Astronomy: al-Kindi and the Rise of Arabic Notarial Context ! Katherine L. Jansen, The Corpo da Côr: Post-Painterly Practice and Professor, School of Historical Studies Fever as a Historical Problem ! Christopher Century British Practical Ethics ! Colin Heydt, Philosophy ! Emma Gannagé, Georgetown Catholic University of America; Member, Transmodernity ! Irene Small, Princeton Hamlin, University of Notre Dame; Member, University of South Florida; Member, School University School of Historical Studies University October 1 School of Historical Studies of Historical Studies East Asian Studies Workshop ! When Peripheries Early Modern Workshop ! Jacob Sasportas and the December 13 January 27 Were Centers: New Perspectives on the “Northern October 22 November 7 Sephardic Diaspora ! Jacob Dweck, Princeton Islamicist Seminar ! Maghazi and Imperial Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Zone” in Chinese Archaeology ! Li Zhang, East Asian Studies Workshop ! Russia’s Buddhist Seminar on International Relations ! Korean University; Member, School of Historical Ideology: Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri’s Heraclius Tale ! Revaluating Africa and World War II ! Judith Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, Agents: The Role of Buryat Lamas in Inner Asian Migration between China and Korea: Crisis, Studies Sean William Anthony, University of Ann-Marie Byfield, Cornell University; New York University Politics of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Democracy, and Historical Repetition ! Hyun Ok Oregon; Member, School of Historical Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Centuries ! Nikolay Vladimirovich Park, York University; Visitor, Program in November 25 Medieval Seminar ! The Prophesied Rule of a Tsyrempilov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Interdisciplinary Studies Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! December 16 January 28 “Circumcised People”: A Traveling Tradition from the ; Member, School of Historical Studies The Role of Learned Medicine in Creating a Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! The East Asian Studies Workshop ! Astral Origins Seventh-Century Mediterranean ! Stefan November 11 Unified European Culture in the Twelfth Century ! Relations between Caliph and Sultan in the Seljuq of the Weaving Maid and Herdboy, or “Wherefore Esders, Freie Universität Berlin; Member, October 23 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Monica H. Green, Arizona State University; Period: A Case Study of the Reign of the Caliph al- the Star-Crossed Lovers?” ! David William School of Historical Studies Islamicist Seminar ! Yu¯suf al-Bas.ı¯r’s First Synchronicity and Connectivity in the Seventh- Member, School of Historical Studies Muqtafî ! Deborah Tor, University of Notre Pankenier, Lehigh University; Member, Refutation (Naqd.) of Abu¯I-H. usayn al-Bas.rı¯’s Century Mediterranean ! Stefan Esders, Freie Dame; Member, School of Historical Studies School of Historical Studies October 2 Theology in a Yemenı¯ Zaydı¯ Manuscript of the Universität Berlin; Member, School of November 26 Art History Seminar ! Inaugural Session: Brief Seventh/Thirteenth Century ! Sabine Historical Studies Medieval Seminar ! The Illustrated Apollonius: December 17 Medieval Seminar ! Pandemic Disease in the Presentations of Work ! Anna Boreczky, Schmidtke, Freie Universität Berlin; Member, Transformations of the Medieval Bestseller ! East Asian Studies Workshop ! A Revisionist Medieval World: Rethinking the Black Death ! National Széchényi Library, Budapest; Member, School of Historical Studies, Hassan Farhang November 12 Anna Boreczky, National Széchényi Library, History of Yuan Architecture ! Nancy Monica H. Green, Arizona State University; School of Historical Studies, Annie Bourneuf, Ansari, Freie Universität Berlin; Member, East Asian Studies Workshop ! The Consciousness Budapest; Member, School of Historical Studies Steinhardt, University of Pennsylvania Member, School of Historical Studies School of the Art Institute of Chicago; School of Historical Studies of the Dead as a Philosophical Problem in Ancient Member, School of Historical Studies, China ! Paul R. Goldin, University of December 2 Medieval Seminar ! The Dis-Orderly Women of January 29 Anastasia Drandaki, Benaki Museum, Art History Seminar ! Art and Identity in Pennsylvania; Member, School of Historical Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! the Hirsau Reform ! Alison Beach, The Ohio Islamicist Seminar ! Court Neopythagoreans Athens; Member, School of Historical Studies, Venetian Crete on the Eve of the Council of Ferrara- Studies The Problems of Peacemaking in Late Medieval State University; Member, School of Historical and Philosopher Kings in Early Timurid Iran ! Michele Matteini, Reed College; Member, Florence (1438–39) ! Anastasia Drandaki, Florence ! Katherine L. Jansen, The Catholic Studies Matthew S. Melvin-Koushki, University School of Historical Studies Benaki Museum, Athens; Member, School of Medieval Seminar ! The Circulation of Marco University of America; Member, School of of South Carolina Historical Studies Polo’s Travels in French ! Mark Cruse, Arizona Historical Studies December 18 October 7 State University; Member, School of Historical Early Modern Workshop ! Flavors of Natural February 4 Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! October 24 Studies December 3 Theology, 1690–1830 ! Christopher Hamlin, East Asian Studies Workshop ! Tales of an Open The Question of China’s Size ! Patricia Ebrey, Seminar on International Relations ! The Qing East Asian Studies Workshop ! Formal University of Notre Dame; Member, School of World: Chinese Gossip, Dutch Plays, Global News ! University of Washington; Member, School of State and Its Awareness of Eurasian Interconnections, November 13 Organization in Medieval Chinese Literature ! Historical Studies Paize Keulemans, Princeton University Historical Studies 1789–1806 ! Matthew W. Mosca, The Eighteenth Century Seminar ! How Imaginary David Prager Branner, Columbia University; College of William & Mary; Member, School Meetings Change History: Two Case Studies From Member, School of Historical Studies January 6 Ancient Studies Seminar ! Two New Inscriptions October 8 of Historical Studies Eighteenth-Century New Spain ! Matthew B. Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! from Aphrodisias ! Angelos Chaniotis, East Asian Studies Workshop ! The Tumu Incident Restall, The Pennsylvania State University; Medieval Seminar ! The Compulsory Baptism Second Term Introductions ! Patrick J. Geary, Professor, School of Historical Studies (1449) in a Eurasian Context ! David Robinson, October 28 Member, School of Historical Studies of Jews in Visigothic Spain under King Sisebut Professor, School of Historical Studies Colgate University; Member, School of Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! (615): Near Eastern, North African, and Spanish Medieval Seminar ! Religious Conflicts and Historical Studies Menahem, Muhammad, and the Paraclete: Late Art History Seminar ! Xuannan Mediasphere ! Backgrounds ! Stefan Esders, Freie Universität January 7 Pictorial Propaganda in Byzantium under Michael Antique Messianism and the Formation of Early Michele Matteini, Reed College; Member, Berlin; Member, School of Historical Studies Medieval Seminar ! Second Term Introductions ! VIII Palaiologos (1259–1282) ! Anastasia Medieval Seminar ! Imaging a New Profession in Islamic Kerygma ! Sean William Anthony, School of Historical Studies Patrick J. Geary, Professor, School of Drandaki, Benaki Museum, Athens; Member, the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries: Besançon 457 University of Oregon; Member, School of December 5 Historical Studies School of Historical Studies and the Physician’s Task ! Monica H. Green, Historical Studies November 14 Seminar on International Relations ! The Arizona State University; Member, School of Seminar on International Relations ! Buriat Moscow Correspondents, Soviet Human Rights January 13 February 6 Historical Studies November 4 Lamas and the Qing-Russian Imperial Interface ! Activists, and the Problem of the Western Gift ! Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Seminar on International Relations ! Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Nikolay Vladimirovich Tsyrempilov, Barbara Walker, University of Nevada, Reno; Jacob Sasportas, Sabbetai Zevi, and the Jewish Goncharov’s “The Frigate Pallada”: Russia and October 14 Chinese Astronomy in the Age of Dragons ! David Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; Member, School of Historical Studies Messiah in 1666 ! Yaacob Dweck, Princeton Global Imperialism ! Edyta Bojanowska, Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! William Pankenier, Lehigh University; Member, School of Historical Studies University; Member, School of Historical Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Islamic Thought Beyond Denominational Borders: Member, School of Historical Studies December 9 Studies Member, School of Historical Studies Challenges and Perspectives ! Sabine Schmidtke, Islamicist Seminar ! The Passion of Peter Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Freie Universität Berlin; Member, School of of Capitolias (d. 715): A Christian Martyrdom Intellectuals, Illiterates, and Censorship in Late Historical Studies from Early Islamic Palestine ! Stephen J. Renaissance Italy ! Giorgio Caravale, Shoemaker, University of Oregon; Member, Università degli Studi di Roma Tre; Member, School of Historical Studies School of Historical Studies

58 59 February 7 February 19 Early Modern Workshop ! A Cultural Field in Dr. S. T. Lee Fund for Historical Studies Medieval Seminar ! This French Which Is Not Dr. S. T. Lee Fund for Historical Studies Islamicist Seminar ! Conversion and Deceit: Islamicist Seminar ! Muslim Conversion to the Making: On the Foundations of Risorgimento Lecture ! Mass Atrocity Crimes After Syria: The One: Francophonie in English Nunneries ! Lecture ! Maiden Voyage: The Senzaimaru and The Publication of the First Insider Account on the Christianity in the Early Islamic Period: A View from Moderatism, 1700–1848 ! Roberto Romani, Future of the Responsibility to Protect ! Gareth Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, Yale University; the Creation of Modern Sino-Japanese Relations ! Nusayri Faith ! Samer Traboulsi, University the Lives of the Martyrs ! Christian Sahner, Università degli Studi di Teramo; Member, Evans, The Australian National University Member, School of Historical Studies Josh Fogel, York University of North Carolina at Asheville Princeton University School of Historical Studies March 13 March 19 April 1 February 10 Art History Seminar ! Group Discussion: March 6 Seminar on International Relations ! Ottoman Islamicist Seminar ! Medieval Islamic Chivalry East Asian Studies Workshop ! Crafting Mental Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Transmission of Visual Knowledge in Medieval and Seminar on International Relations ! Indigenous Prisoners of the Great War in Russia ! Yücel (Futuwwa) ! Deborah Tor, University of Powers in Modern China ! Jing Tsu, Yale A Roman Mirage? French Officers and Classical Renaissance European Art, Chinese Art, and Modern Sovereignties in Amazonia ! Manuela Lavinas Yanikdag˘, University of Richmond; Member, Notre Dame; Member, School of Historical University; Member, School of Historical Archaeology in the Territory of Algeria, 1830–1870 ! Art ! Yve-Alain Bois, Professor, School of Picq, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; School of Historical Studies Studies Studies Bonnie Effros, University of Florida; Historical Studies Member, School of Social Science Member, School of Historical Studies March 14 Art History Seminar ! Paul Klee’s Centrifugal Ancient Studies Seminar ! Logistical Power: February 20 March 10 Ancient Studies Seminar: Epigraphic Friday ! Memorial Page: Looking as Reading and Reading as The Nile, the Pithom Canal, and the Red Sea February 11 Seminar on International Relations ! Funmilayo Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Observations on the Inscribers and Inscribing of the Looking, ca. 1923 ! Annie Bourneuf, School under Ptolemy II ! Sitta von Reden, Albert- East Asian Studies Workshop ! The Chaos and Ransome-Kuti and the Women’s Tax Revolt in Neither Donkey nor Horse: Medicine in the Struggle Lapis Primus and Lapis Secundus ! Stephen of the Art Institute Chicago; Member, School of Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Member, School Cosmos of Kurosawa Tokiko ! Laura Nenzi, Colonial Nigeria ! Judith Ann-Marie Byfield, over China’s Modernity ! Sean Hsiang-lin Lei, Tracy, The American School of Classical Historical Studies of Historical Studies University of Tennessee; Member, School of Cornell University; Member, School of Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, Studies at Athens; Visitor, School of Historical Historical Studies Historical Studies Taiwan; Member, School of Historical Studies Studies ! Basileis and Ephetai in Draco’s Law on March 24 Medieval Seminar ! From “Apollonius Pictus” to Homicide (IG I3 104.12 restored) ! Gerhard Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Apollonius von Tyrland: Similarities and Differences Medieval Seminar ! Medieval History at February 24 March 11 Thür, Austrian Academy of Sciences; Visitor, Minimal State Theories and Democracy in Europe: between Late Antique and Late Medieval Visual Heidelberg: An Overview of Research in Progress ! Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! East Asian Studies Workshop ! Xuannan School of Historical Studies ! Textual Remarks From the 1880s to Hayek ! Robert Romani, Narratives ! Anna Boreczky, National Christoph Mauntel, Universität Heidelberg, Athens Maniera Graeca in the West, Maniera Mediasphere: A Neighborhood and Its on an Athenian Honorific Decree Concerning Harbor Università degli Studi di Teramo; Member, Széchényi Library, Budapest; Member, School Julia Burkhardt, Universität Heidelberg, Latina in the Byzantine East: Piety, Politics, and Representations in Late Eighteenth-Century Taxation (IG I3 182) ! Aurélie Carrara, School of Historical Studies of Historical Studies Klaus Oschema, Universität Heidelberg, and Painting in the Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries ! Beijing ! Michele Matteini, Reed College; Harvard University ! Ta loipa en toi alloi Stefan Burkhardt, Universität Heidelberg Anastasia Drandaki, Benaki Museum, Member, School of Historical Studies krotaphoi gegraptai: Some Side-Edges from March 25 April 2 Athens; Member, School of Historical Studies Epidauros ! Sebastian Prignitz, Inscriptiones East Asian Studies Workshop ! Going Abroad Islamicist Seminar ! Between Courage and February 12 Ancient Studies Seminar ! The Reconciliation Graecae, Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie in Verse: Hakka and Minnanese Songs and Ballads Cowardice: Fear and Manliness in the Ottoman Islamicist Seminar ! Words Mixed with Secrets February 25 Inscription of Dikaia ! Emmanuel Voutiras, der Wissenschaften; Member, School of about Overseas Migration (Guofan ge 過番歌) Great War ! Yücel Yanikdag˘, University of (wa¯zagı¯ha¯ı¯ ra¯z-a¯me¯zag): Esoteric Interpretations East Asian Studies Workshop ! The Manchu Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Member, Historical Studies ! A New Archaic Inscription from Late Imperial and Early Republican China ! Richmond; Member, School of Historical of Avestan Passages in the Pahlavi Wizirgerd ı¯ Zizhi Tongjian Gangmu and the Eurasian School of Historical Studies from Olympia ! Klaus Hallof, Berlin- Wilt Idema, Harvard University Studies De¯nı¯g ! Dan Sheffield, Princeton University Transmission of Confucian Historiography ! Brandenburgische Akademie der Matthew W. Mosca, The College of William March 12 Wissenschaften ! The Cows of Morrylos ! Ancient Studies Seminar ! What’s In a Line: April 24 Early Modern Workshop ! The Politics of & Mary; Member, School of Historical Studies Workshop on The Future of the Responsibility Emmanuel Voutiras, Aristotle University Medium, Message and Publicity in Greek Verse Early Modern Workshop ! Pineapples in Romeyn de Hooghe ! Henk van Nierop, to Protect ! Introduction ! Michael van Walt of Thessaloniki; Member, School of Historical Inscriptions ! Sara Kaczko, Università degli Petersburg, Cabbage Soup on the Equator: A University of Amsterdam; Member, School Medieval Seminar ! The Suffering of the van Praag, Visiting Professor, School of Studies ! Synchoresis, Parachoresis, and Studi di Roma, La Sapienza; Member, School Russian Writer Tours the Colonial World ! Edyta of Historical Studies Barbarian: Cultural Moments in the Last Centuries Historical Studies ! The Future of the Ekchoresis in Imperial Funerary Inscriptions ! of Historical Studies Bojanowska, Rutgers, The State University of Empire ! Michael Kulikowski, The Responsibility to Protect ! Gareth Evans, Kaja Harter-Uibopuu, Austrian Academy of New Jersey; Member, School of Historical February 15 Pennsylvania State University The Australian National University ! of Sciences; Member, School of Historical Medieval Seminar ! Hungary’s Holy Crown: Studies East Asian Studies Roundtable Discussion ! Discussant ! Simon Adams, Global Centre Studies ! Epigraphic Tidbits ! Angelos The Object, Its Uses, and the Historic Constitution ! Sources for Tang-Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan History: Art History Seminar ! The Painters of My for the Responsibility to Protect ! Discussant ! Chaniotis, Professor, School of Historical Kim Lane Scheppele, Princeton University; April 29–30 New Materials and Current Trends ! Tineke Generation ! Michele Matteini, Reed College; William Azumah Awinador-Kanyirige, Studies ! The Ash Chest of Tiberius Dama ! Joint Member, School of Historical Studies and Workshop on Intellectual Life in Rayy ca. 900– d’Haesselaer, Princeton University; Brian Member, School of Historical Studies Permanent Representative of Ghana to the Michael Peachin, New York University ! School of Social Science 1100: What Difference Did the Seljuqs make? ! Vivier, University of Pennsylvania; Sukhee United Nations ! Discussant ! Hrair Balian, A Third-Century Latin Funerary Inscription ! The Political Role of Rayy (ca. 900–1100): A Lee, Rutgers, The State University of New March 3 The Carter Center Conflict Resolution Michael Kulikowski, The Pennsylvania State March 26 Historical Overview ! Sebastian Hanstein, Jersey; Stephen West, Arizona State Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Program ! Discussant ! Boltjes, University ! The Cult of a Heroized Youth ! Art History Seminar ! Abstract Art and the Crisis Universität Leipzig ! What Difference Did the University; Member, School of Historical The Chinese Card Catalogue ! Jing Tsu, Yale Kreddha–International Peace Council for Christopher Jones, Harvard University of Language ! Annie Bourneuf, School of the Seljuqs Make?: The Significance of the Seljuqs in the Studies University; Member, School of Historical States, Peoples, and Minorities ! Discussant ! Art Institute of Chicago; Member, School of Context of Islamic History and Civilization ! Studies Wolfgang Danspeckgruber, Princeton March 17 Historical Studies Deborah Tor, University of Notre Dame; February 18 University ! Discussant ! Frank Jackson, Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Member, School of Historical Studies ! Sunnı¯ East Asian Studies Workshop ! Discovering March 4 Australian National University ! Discussant ! How to Protect your Grave: Funerary Inscriptions March 27 (Non-Mu‘tazilı¯) Scholars during the Seljuq Period: Empire in China ! Mark Elliott, Harvard East Asian Studies Workshop ! Catastrophe, Edward Luck, Former Special Adviser to from Greco-Roman Asia Minor ! Kaja Harter- Seminar on International Relations ! Empire of Relations between Sunnı¯s and Shı¯‘ı¯s in Rayy ! University Predictability, and Culture in North China in the the United Nations Secretary-General on the Uibopuu, Austrian Academy of Sciences; Security and the Security of Empire ! Kim Lane Hassan Farhang Ansari, Freie Universität Thirteenth Century ! Stephen West, Arizona Responsibility to Protect ! Discussant ! Member, School of Historical Studies Scheppele, Princeton University; Member, Berlin; Member, School of Historical Studies ! Ancient Studies Seminar ! The Temple of State University; Member, School of Historical H. E. Mr. Asoke Mukerji, Ambassador and School of Historical Studies Rayy, Khurasan (the Mashriq), and the Rise of Neo- Asclepios at Epidauros and Its Chryselephantine Studies Permanent Representative of India to the March 18 Ash’arism ! Ayman Shihadeh, University of Statue: Two Building Accounts ! Sebastian United Nations ! Discussant ! Meena Syed, East Asian Studies Workshop ! Why Hygiene March 28 London ! A Sunnı¯ Mu‘tazilite in Early Seljuq Prignitz, Inscriptiones Graecae, Berlin- Medieval Seminar ! The Trauma of Reform in Political Affairs Permanent Mission of Norway (weisheng) Is Not about Guarding Life: Tuberculosis Islamicist Seminar ! The Perils of Intercession: Rayy: Abu¯Muh. ammad al-H. asan Ibn Mattawayh ! Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften; Petershausen ! Alison Beach, The Ohio State to the United Nations ! Discussant ! Patrick and Wasting Disorders in Republican China ! Sean Secular Power and Spiritual Authority in Sixteenth- Jan Thiele, University of London ! Bringing Member, School of Historical Studies University; Member, School of Historical Travers, Permanent Mission of Canada to the Hsiang-lin Lei, Institute of Modern History, Century Egypt ! Adam , University of Arabic Knowledge to Rayy: The Many Sources Used Studies United Nations ! Discussant ! Charlotte van Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Member, School of California, Santa Barbara by Abu¯H. a¯tim al-Ra¯zı¯ in His Kita¯b al-Zina¯ ! Medieval Seminar ! Lambaesis (Lambessa, Baak, Permanent Mission of the Kingdom Historical Studies Cornelius Berthold, Universität Leipzig ! Tazzoult) before 1852: Variations on a Theme ! March 5 of the Netherlands to the United Nations ! March 31 From Abu¯H. a¯tim al-Ra¯zı¯ (d. 322/934) to H. asan-i Bonnie Effros, University of Florida; Islamicist Seminar ! Persian Writing on Music Discussant ! H. E. Karel J. G. van Ancient Studies Seminar ! Bellowing Buffalo Historical Studies Lunchtime Colloquium ! Sabba¯h (d. 518/1124): Isma¯‘¯ı¯lism in Rayy Before Member, School of Historical Studies Theory ! Mehrdad Fallahzadeh, Uppsala Oosterom, Ambassador and Permanent and Other Grammars ! Naphtali Meshel, Reading Images: The Relationship Between Visual and During the Seljuqs ! Daniel de Smet, University; Member, School of Historical Representative of the Netherlands to the Princeton University; Member, School of Medium and Literary Form in Early Greek Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Studies United Nations Historical Studies Inscriptions ! Sara Kaczko, Università degli Paris ! Representatives of Twelver Shı¯i’ı¯ Theology in Studi di Roma, La Sapienza; Member, School Rayy Prior to and During the Seljuq Period ! of Historical Studies Sabine Schmidtke, Freie Universität Berlin; Member, School of Historical Studies ! Ima¯mı¯

60 61 Shı¯iism During the Seljuqid Age: Minority Strategies September 26 IAS/Princeton University Wednesday October 8 Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Joint IAS/Princeton University Number According to the Kita¯b al-naqd ! Leonardo Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Seminar on Perfectoid Spaces Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Matrices ! Some Inter-Relations between Random Theory Seminar ! The Local Gan-Gross-Prasad Capezzone, Università degli Studi di Roma, Matrices ! Kinetic Transport in Quasicrystals ! Seminar II ! Rounding Moment Based SDP Matrix Ensembles ! Peter Forrester, University Conjecture for Tempered Representations of Unitary La Sapienza ! Rayy and the Zaydı¯s Before and Jens Marklof, University of Bristol Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order in Relaxations by Column Selection ! Ali Kemal of Melbourne Groups ! Raphaël Beuzart-Plessis, Member, After the Coming of the Seljuqs ! Aron Zysow, Complex Systems ! Tracing Medieval Migration Sinop, Member, School of Mathematics School of Mathematics Independent Scholar Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! through Next Generation Sequencing: Finding October 17 GIT and µ-GIT ! , Meaningful Models in a Sea of Data ! Patrick J. Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random October 25 Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich Geary, Professor, School of Historical Studies ! Matrices ! Macdonald Processes I ! Alexei Matrices ! Spectral Theory for the q-Boson Particle Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! School of Mathematics The Topology of Viral Evolution ! Raúl Borodin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology System ! Alexei Borodin, Massachusetts Enumeration of Real Rational Curves ! Penka Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Rabadan, Columbia University Institute of Technology Georgieva, Princeton University September 19 Security Awareness Seminar ! Information Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Joint IAS/Princeton University Number October 3 Security ! Brian Epstein, Staff, Institute for Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory October 28 Theory Seminar ! The Landau-Siegel Zero and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Advanced Study Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics September 20 Spacing of Zeros of L-Functions ! Yitang Zhang, Matrices ! Disorder-Generated Multifractals and Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Seminar I Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random University of New Hampshire Random Matrices: Freezing Phenomena and October 9 Theory Seminar ! G-Valued Flat Deformations Matrices ! Universal Current Fluctuations in Non- Extremes ! Yan Fyodorov, Queen Mary, IAS/Princeton University Wednesday Seminar and Local Models ! Brandon Levin, The Members’ Seminar ! Random Matrices and Equilibrium Systems ! Bernard Derrida, École September 30 University of London on Perfectoid Spaces University of Chicago; Member, School of L-Functions ! Alex Kontorovich, Yale Normale Supérieure Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematics University; Member, School of Mathematics Seminar I ! Some Provable Bounds for Deep Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random September 23 Learning ! Sanjeev Arora Matrices ! Macdonald Processes II ! Alexei October 18 October 29 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Borodin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar I ! Using the DFS Algorithm for Finding Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members ! Matrices ! Introduction to KPZ II ! Jeremy How Not to Define Cylindrical Contact Homology ! Seminar II Long Paths in Random and Pseudo-Random The Newton Stratification of Shimura Varieties ! Quastel, University of Toronto; Member, Mathematical Conversations ! Stochastic Michael Hutchings Graphs ! Michael Krivelevich, Tel Aviv Arno Kret, Member, School of Mathematics ! School of Mathematics Integrable Systems ! Herbert Spohn, Mathematical Conversations ! Clothing University G-Valued Flat Deformations and Local Models ! Technische Universität München; Member, October 21 Surfaces ! Etienne Ghys, École Normale Brandon Levin, The University of Chicago; Joint IAS/Princeton University Number School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Supérieure de Lyon September 24 Member, School of Mathematics ! Branching Theory Seminar ! Pairs of p-adic L-Functions for Seminar I ! Fractional Covering Numbers, with an Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Laws for Representations of Real Reductive Groups ! Elliptic Curves at Supersingular Primes ! Florian October 10 Application to the Levi-Hadwiger Conjecture for October 30 Seminar II ! Finite Field Restriction Estimates ! Yoshiki Oshima, Member, School of Sprung, Princeton University; Veblen Research Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Convex Bodies ! Boaz Slomka, Tel Aviv Ruth and Irving Adler Expository Lecture in Mark Lewko, Member, School of Mathematics ! Interactive Channel Capacity ! Instructor, School of Mathematics University Mathematics ! Dynamics in Dimension 3: Mathematics Gillat Kol, Member, School of Mathematics ! Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Geometry of Birkhoff Sections ! Etienne Ghys, Cylindrical Contact Homology as a Well-Defined October 4 Theory Seminar ! Nearby Cycles and Local Members’ Seminar ! (Non)-Commutative École Normale Supérieure de Lyon Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members ! Stability Homology? ! Joanna Nelson, Visitor, School Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Convolution ! Luc Illusie, Université Paris-Sud 11 Geometry of Wire Network Graphs from Triply and Instability of Black Holes ! Stefanos of Mathematics ! Depth Complexity and Positive Loops and Orderability in Contact Periodic CMC Surfaces ! E. Birgit Kaufmann, Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Aretakis, Princeton University; Veblen Communication Games ! Or Meir, Member, Geometry ! Peter Weigel, Purdue University October 11 Purdue University; Member, School of Matrices ! Gap Probabilities and Applications to Research Instructor, School of Mathematics ! School of Mathematics Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Mathematics Geometry and Random Topology ! Antonio Self-Avoiding Walks ! Roland Bauerschmidt, Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members ! Finite Energy Foliations and Connect Sums ! Joel Lerario, Purdue University Member, School of Mathematics ! The Gan- October 1 Homotopy Type Theory: What Can Logic Do Fish, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; October 22 Gross-Prasad Conjecture and Local Relative Trace Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics for Homotopy Theory? ! Peter LeFanu Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics October 31 Formulas ! Raphaël Beuzart-Plessis, Seminar II ! Small Set Expander Flows ! Lumsdaine, Member, School of Mathematics ! Seminar II ! Matrix Perturbation with Random Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Member, School of Mathematics ! On Ali Kemal Sinop, Member, School of Exponential-Time Algorithms for NP Problems: October 14 Noise and Matrix Recovery Problems ! Van Vu, Matrices ! Linear Statistics of Eigenvalues ! Universality for Random Matrices ! Paul Mathematics Prospects and Limits ! Andrew Drucker, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Yale University Kurt Johansson, KTH Royal Institute of Bourgade, Member, School of Mathematics ! Member, School of Mathematics ! Seminar I ! Obfuscating Programs against Algebraic Technology, Stockholm From One Reeb Orbit to Two ! Daniel Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members ! On Computational Aspects of the Combinatorial Attacks ! Yael Tauman-Kalai, October 23 Cristofaro-Gardiner, Member, School Rearrangements of Fourier Series ! Mark Lewko, Nullstellensatz Method via a Polynomial Approach Research New England IAS/Princeton University Wednesday Seminar November 1 of Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics ! Log- to Matrix and Hypermatrix Algebra ! Edinah on Perfectoid Spaces Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Integrability of Rademacher Fourier Series, with Gnang, Member, School of Mathematics ! Special Members’ Seminar ! The Weil Volume in Seiberg-Witten Theory and the Existence September 25 Applications to Random Analytic Functions ! Approximability of Graph Partitioning Problems ! Conjectures, from Abel to Deligne ! Sophie Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random of Two Reeb Orbits ! Daniel Cristofaro- Short Talks by Postdoctoral Members ! Edge Alon Nishry, Member, School of Ali Kemal Sinop, Member, School of Morel, Princeton University ! Hodge Theory, Matrices ! Spectral Properties of the Quantum Gardiner, Member, School of Mathematics Behavior of Deformed Wigner Matrices ! Kevin Mathematics ! High Dimensional Expanders ! Mathematics ! p-adic Versions of BSD ! Florian from Abel to Deligne ! Phillip A. Griffiths, Random Energy Model ! Simone Warzel, Schnelli, Member, School of Mathematics ! Ori Parzanchevski, Member, School of Sprung, Princeton University; Veblen Research Professor Emeritus, School of Mathematics Technische Universität München; von November 4 Supersymmetric Derivation of the Density of States Mathematics ! Fundamental Groups of Singular Instructor, School of Mathematics ! Determining Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and for the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble ! Mira Varieties ! Bhargav Bhatt, Member, School of Algebraic Subgroups from Invariant Dimensions ! October 15 Random Matrices Shamis, Member, School of Mathematics ! Mathematics ! Diffusion in High Sobolev Spaces Jun Yu, Member, School of Mathematics ! Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematical Conversations ! Category Theory: Growth Rate of Eigenfunctions ! Peng Shao, for Hamiltonian PDEs ! Oana Pocovnicu, Scissors Congruence and K-Theory ! Inna Seminar II ! Minimal Majority Sequences ! What’s It Good For? ! Inna Zakharevich, The Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics ! Hamiltonian Member, School of Mathematics ! Value Zakharevich, The University of Chicago; Noga Alon, Tel Aviv University; Visiting University of Chicago; Member, School of Seminar I ! Approximating Large Frequency Dynamics and Morse Theory ! Doris Hein, Distribution of Long Dirichlet Polynomials and Member, School of Mathematics Professor, School of Mathematics Mathematics Moments with Pick-and-Drop Sampling ! University of California, Santa Cruz; Member, Applications to the Riemann Zeta-Function ! Vladimir Braverman, Johns Hopkins School of Mathematics ! Random Band Matrices Maksym Radziwill, Member, School of October 7 Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random October 24 University as a Model of Quantum Transport ! Antti Mathematics ! Continued Fractions in General Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Matrices ! Dynamical Phase Transitions, Eigenstate Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Knowles, New York University; Member, Relativity ! Michael Reiterer, Member, Seminar I ! Stanley-Wilf Limits Are Typically Thermalization, and Schrödinger Cats within the Matrices ! Diffusion from Deterministic Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! School of Mathematics ! Hamiltonian School of Mathematics Exponential ! Jacob Fox, Massachusetts Ferromagnetic Phase of an Infinite-Range Quantum Dynamics ! Antti Kupiainen, University of Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; Local Models for Symplectic Derived Stacks ! Institute of Technology ! David A. Huse, Princeton Helsinki; Member, School of Mathematics Veblen Research Instructor, School of Christopher Brav, Member, School of October 2 University Mathematics Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Members’ Seminar ! Recent Development of Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Matrices ! Introduction to KPZ ! Jeremy Random Matrix Theory ! Horng-Tzer Yau, October 16 November 5 Quastel, University of Toronto; Member, Harvard University; Distinguished Visiting IAS/Princeton University Wednesday Seminar Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and School of Mathematics Professor, School of Mathematics on Perfectoid Spaces Random Matrices

62 63 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics November 12 November 21 Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Members’ Seminar ! Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Seminar II ! Learning from Positive Examples ! Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Matrices ! Polynomial Chaos and Scaling Limits of Spiked Covariance Matrices ! Antti Knowles, Matrices ! A Quantitative Brunn-Minkowski Anindya De, Member, School of Mathematics Seminar II ! Hypermatrix Algebra, Its Spectral Matrices ! All-Order Asymptotics in Beta of Disordered Systems ! Nikolaos Zygouras, New York University; Member, School of Inequality and Estimates on the Remainder in the Decomposition, and Applications ! Edinah Ensembles in the Multi-Cut Regime ! Gaetan University of Warwick Mathematics Riesz Rearrangement Inequality ! Eric Carlen, November 6 Gnang, Member, School of Mathematics Borot, Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and December 4 Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! Random Matrices Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; January 22 Matrices ! Covariance Matrix Estimation for the Matrices ! KPZ Line Ensemble ! Ivan Corwin, Veblen Research Instructor, School of Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order in Cryo-EM Heterogeneity Problem ! Amit Singer, Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Clay Mathematics Institute, Columbia Mathematics Matrices ! Exact Formulas for Random Growth off Complex Systems ! Probabilistic Inference in Princeton University Matrices ! Diffusion and Superdiffusion of Energy University, and Massachusetts Institute of a Flat Interface ! Daniel Remenik, Universidad Topological Data Analysis ! Andrew in One-Dimensional Systems of Oscillators ! Technology December 10 de Chile Blumberg, The University of Texas at Austin November 13 Stefano Olla, Université Paris-Dauphine Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics IAS/Princeton University Wednesday Seminar Security Awareness Seminar ! Information Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order Seminar II ! Simplicial Complexes as Expanders ! Mathematical Conversations ! A New Viewpoint on Perfectoid Spaces Security ! Brian Epstein, Staff, Institute for Joint IAS/Princeton University Number in Complex Systems ! Some Applications of Ori Parzanchevski, Member, School of on Analytic Geometry ! Oren Ben-Bassat, Advanced Study Theory Seminar ! Genus of Abstract Modular General Relativity to Non-Gravitational Physics ! Mathematics Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order in Curves with Level ℓ Structure ! Anna Gary Gibbons, University of Cambridge Complex Systems ! Braided Connecting Orbits in IAS/Princeton University Wednesday Seminar Gwenaelle Cadoret, École Polytechnique; Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random January 27 Parabolic Equations via Computational Homology ! on Perfectoid Spaces von Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics IAS/Princeton University Wednesday Seminar Matrices ! Acquiring Knowledge through Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Robert Vandervorst, University of on Perfectoid Spaces Information Loss ! Jürg Fröhlich, Eidgenössische Seminar I ! Unique Games, the Lasserre Hierarchy, Amsterdam Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random November 22 Technische Hochschule Zürich; Visiting and Monogamy of Entanglement ! Aram Harrow, Matrices ! A Spectral Gap in SL2(R) and Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order Professor, School of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order in Applications ! Jean Bourgain, IBM von Gopakumar-Vafa Conjecture for Symplectic in Complex Systems ! Paths and Cycles in Complex Systems ! A Central Limit Theorem for Neumann Professor, School of Mathematics Manifolds ! Eleny Ionel, Mechanism Design ! Rakesh Vohra, University Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Members’ Seminar ! Rigidity and Flexibility of Topology ! Peter Bubenik, Cleveland State of Pennsylvania Matrices ! Exponential Asymptotics, Generalized Schubert Classes ! Colleen Robles, Texas A&M University Mathematical Conversations ! Multiplying November 25 Borel Summability, and Applications ! Ovidiu University; Member, School of Mathematics Matrices ! Alex Kontorovich, Yale University; Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Workshop on Topology: Identifying Order in Costin, The Ohio State University November 7 Member, School of Mathematics Seminar I ! Geometry and Matrix Multiplication ! Complex Systems ! The Criticality Hypothesis: January 28 Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Joseph Landsberg, Texas A&M University How Brains May Optimize Information Processing ! December 11 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Random Matrices November 14 John Beggs, Indiana University Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Seminar II ! Simplicial Complexes as Expanders ! Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Members’ Seminar ! Random Cayley Graphs ! Matrices ! Rigidity Phenomena in Random Point Ori Parzanchevski, Member, School of Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Noga Alon, Tel Aviv University; Visiting December 5 Sets and Applications ! Subhroshekhar Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Professor, School of Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Ghosh, Princeton University Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Theory Seminar ! Independence of ℓand Local Matrices ! Local Eigenvalue Statistics at the Edge Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Theory Seminar ! Heegner Points and a B-SD Terms ! Martin Olsson, University of Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! of the Spectrum: An Extension of a Theorem of IAS/Princeton University Wednesday Seminar Matrices ! Self-Avoiding Walk in Dimension 4 ! Conjecture ! Wei Zhang, Columbia University California, Berkeley Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; Soshnikov ! Alexander Sodin, Princeton on Perfectoid Spaces Roland Bauerschmidt, Member, School Veblen Research Instructor, School of University of Mathematics November 8 November 15 Mathematics Mathematical Conversations ! Selberg Plays Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Ping-Pong ! Christopher Brav, Member, January 29 Random Matrices Calabi-Yau Mirror Symmetry: From Categories to November 26 School of Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Curve-Counts ! Tim Perutz, The University of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Matrices ! Random Constraint Satisfaction Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Texas at Austin Seminar II ! Toward Better Formula Lower Theory Seminar ! Patching and p-adic Local December 12 Problems: The Statistical Mechanics Approach and Tori in Four-Dimensional Milnor Fibres ! Ailsa Bounds: An Information Complexity Approach to Langlands ! Ana Caraiani, Princeton Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Results ! Guilhem Semerjian, École Keating, Massachusetts Institute of Technology November 18 the KRW Composition Conjecture ! Or Meir, University; Veblen Research Instructor, School Matrices ! Multi-Component KPZ Equations ! Normale Supérieure, Paris Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics of Mathematics Herbert Spohn, Technische Universität Mathematical Conversations ! The Cosmic Seminar I ! Efficient Reasoning in PAC München; Member, School of Mathematics Mathematical Conversations ! Boltzmann’s Galois Group, a Tale of Geometry, Number Theory, Semantics ! Brendan Juba, Harvard University Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random December 6 Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Entropy and the Time Evolution of Macroscopic and Physics ! Pierre Cartier, Institut des Hautes Matrices ! Diffusion for the (Markov) Anderson Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Systems ! Joel Lebowitz, Rutgers, The State Études Scientifiques Members’ Seminar ! Interacting Brownian Motions Model ! Jeffrey Schenker, Michigan State Feynman Categories, Universal Operations, and Joint IAS/Princeton University Number University of New Jersey; Member, School of in the Kadar-Parisi-Zhang Universality Class ! University; Member, School of Mathematics Master Equations ! Ralph Martin Kaufmann, Theory Seminar ! Complex Analytic Vanishing Mathematics November 11 Herbert Spohn, Technische Universität Purdue University; Member, School of Cycles for Formal Schemes ! Vladimir Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics München; Member, School of Mathematics December 2 Mathematics Berkovich, Weizmann Institute of Science; January 31 Seminar I ! Communication Lower Bounds via Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Member, School of Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Block Sensitivity ! Toni Pitassi, University Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! Seminar I ! A Solution to Weaver’s KS2 ! Adam Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Matrices ! Tagged Particle Diffusion in One- of Toronto Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; Marcus, Yale University Matrices ! KPZ Question and Answer Session ! December 13 Dimensional Systems with Hamiltonian Dynamics ! Veblen Research Instructor, School of Ivan Corwin, Clay Mathematics Institute, Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Abhishek Dhar, International Centre for Members’ Seminar ! cdh Methods in K-Theory Mathematics Members’ Seminar ! From Gromov to the Moon ! Columbia University, and Massachusetts Lagrangian Submanifolds of Complex Projective Theoretical Sciences, Bangalore, India and Hochschild Homology ! Charles Weibel, Joel Fish, Massachusetts Institute of Institute of Technology; Jeremy Quastel, Space ! Michael Usher, University of Georgia Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; November 19 Technology; Member, School of Mathematics University of Toronto; Member, School of February 3 Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematics; and Herbert Spohn, Technische December 16 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar II ! Interactive Channel Capacity ! Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! Universität München; Member, School of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar I ! Local Correctability of Expander Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! Gillat Kol, Member, School of Mathematics Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; Mathematics Seminar I ! Bi-Lipschitz Bijection between the Codes ! Brett Hemenway, University of Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; Veblen Research Instructor, School of Boolean Cube and the Hamming Ball ! Gil Pennsylvania Veblen Research Instructor, School of November 20 Mathematics December 9 Cohen, Weizmann Institute of Science Mathematics IAS/Princeton University Wednesday Seminar Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry on Perfectoid Spaces December 3 Seminar I ! How Cryptosystems Are REALLY January 21 Seminar ! A Remark on the Euler Equations of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Broken ! Adi Shamir, Weizmann Institute of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Hydrodynamics ! Kai Cieliebak, Universität Seminar II ! Multi-Party Interactive Coding ! Science Seminar II ! Deeper Combinatorial Lower Augsburg Allison Lewko, Columbia University; Visitor, Bounds ! Siu Man Chan, Princeton University School of Mathematics

64 65 Members’ Seminar ! Moduli of Super Riemann Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random University; Member, School of Mathematics ! March 5 Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Surfaces (Joint with E. Witten) ! Ron Donagi, Matrices ! Log-Integrability of Rademacher Fourier Matrices ! Hartree-Fock Dynamics for Weakly Strong Illposedness of Incompressible Euler in Goncharov Reading Group ! Hyperbolic Matrices ! The Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Model University of Pennsylvania; Visitor, School of Series and Applications to Random Analytic Interacting ! Benjamin Schlein, Borderline Spaces ! Dong Li, The University Manifolds ! Tudor Dan Dimofte, Long-term and Its Diluted Version I ! Dmitry Panchenko, Natural Sciences Functions ! Alon Nishry, Member, School Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität of British Columbia Member, School of Natural Sciences Texas A&M University of Mathematics Bonn; Member, School of Mathematics February 4 February 26 Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random March 12 ! ! 4 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics February 12 Mathematical Conversations From the Goncharov Reading Group An Introduction Matrices ! The Dynamical φ3 Model: Derivation Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Seminar II ! Simplicial Complexes as Expanders ! Goncharov Reading Group ! An Introduction to Quantum Hall Effect to Integral Lattices and to Algebraic K-Theory ! Daniel R. Grayson, of the Renormalised Equations ! Martin Hairer, Matrices ! The Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Model and Ori Parzanchevski, Member, School of Hodge Theory ! Christopher Brav, Member, Braided Tensor Categories ! Jürg Fröhlich, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; University of Warwick; Member, School of Its Diluted Version II ! Dmitry Panchenko, Mathematics School of Mathematics Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Member, School of Mathematics Mathematics Texas A&M University ! The Brownian Motion Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics as the Limit of a Deterministic System of Hard- Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Marston Morse Lectures ! Arithmetic Hyperbolic Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Spheres ! Thierry Bodineau, École Matrices ! Random Matrix Theory and Zeta 3-Manifolds, Perfectoid Spaces, and Galois February 20 Matrices ! An Application of the Renormalization Contact Invariants in Sutured Monopole and Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay Functions ! Peter Sarnak, Professor, School Representations II ! Peter Scholze, Universität Cross-Disciplinary Informal Talks ! A New Group Method to the Navier-Stokes System ! Homology ! Steven Sivek, Princeton of Mathematics Bonn Look at the Jones Polynomial of a Knot ! Edward Yakov Sinai, Princeton University University Mathematical Conversations ! Correlation of Witten, Charles Simonyi Professor, School of Magic Sequences and Some Ideas from Outer Space ! February 5 Mathematical Conversations ! Games, Strategies, Natural Sciences Mathematical Conversations ! Non-Associative Mathematical Conversations ! From Matrix Mark Goresky, Long-term Member, School Goncharov Reading Group and Computational Complexity ! Avi Wigderson, Division Algebras and Projective Geometry ! Multiplication to Digital Sculpting ! Edinah of Mathematics Herbert H. Maass Professor, School of Cross-Disciplinary Informal Talks ! Duality and Charles Weibel, Rutgers, The State University Gnang, Member, School of Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Mathematics Emergent Gauge Symmetry ! Nathan Seiberg, of New Jersey; Member, School of Mathematics March 13 Matrices ! Motion of an Invading Heavy Tracer Professor, School of Natural Sciences March 6 Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Particle in a Bose Gas ! Gang Zhou, California February 13 February 27 Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random ! 4 Institute of Technology Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Cross-Disciplinary Informal Talks Emergent Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Matrices ! The Dynamical φ3 Model: Convergence Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Theory Seminar ! Remarks on the Cohomology Geometry: The Duality between Gravity and Matrices ! Quantum Hall Phases, Plasma of Approximations ! Martin Hairer, University Matrices ! A Rigorous Result on Many-Body February 6 of the Lubin-Tate Tower ! Peter Scholze, Quantum Field Theory ! Juan Maldacena, Analogy, and Incompressibility Estimates ! Jakob of Warwick; Member, School of Mathematics Localization ! John Imbrie, University of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Universität Bonn Professor, School of Natural Sciences Yngvason, Universität Wien ! From High- Virginia; Member, School of Mathematics Theory Seminar ! Low-Lying Fundamental Dimensional Data to Big Data ! Han Liu, Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Geodesics ! Alex Kontorovich, Yale University; February 14 Cross-Disciplinary Informal Talks ! On the Princeton University Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Member, School of Mathematics Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! (Un)reasonable (In)effectiveness of Mathematics in Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Theory Seminar ! Density of Certain Classes of On Floer Cohomology and Non-Archimedian Biology ! Stanislas Leibler, Professor, School Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Non-Displaceable Lagrangians via Minimal Model Potentially Crystalline Representations in Local and February 7 Geometry ! Mohammed Abouzaid, of Natural Sciences Theory Seminar ! Sigel Units and Euler Transitions ! Chris Woodward, Rutgers, The Global Galois Deformation Rings ! Matthew Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Columbia University Systems ! Antonio Lei, McGill University State University of New Jersey Emerton, The University of Chicago Matrices ! In Search of Explicit Matrices that February 21 Behave Like Random Ones ! Avi Wigderson, Marston Morse Lectures ! Arithmetic Hyperbolic Special Seminar ! Families of Lattice Polarized K3 February 28 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number March 14 Herbert H. Maass Professor, School of 3-Manifolds, Perfectoid Spaces, and Galois Surfaces with Monodromy ! Charles Doran, Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Theory Seminar ! Small Gaps between Primes ! Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Mathematics Representations III ! Peter Scholze, Universität University of Alberta Matrices ! Many-Body Anderson Localization ! James Maynard, Université de Montréal Matrices ! Choptuik’s Critical Spacetime ! Bonn David A. Huse, Princeton University Michael Reiterer, Member, School of Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! March 7 Mathematics Cylindrical Contact Homology as a Well-Defined February 17 A Criterion for Generating Fukaya Categories of Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Homology? ! Joanna Nelson, Visitor, School Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Fibrations ! Sheel Ganatra, Stanford Implicit Atlases and Virtual Fundamental Cycles ! New Combinatorial Computations of Embedded Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! of Mathematics Seminar I ! Unifying Known Lower Bounds via University John Pardon, Stanford University Contact Homology ! Keon Choi, University of Knot Contact Homology and Topological Strings ! Geometric Complexity Theory ! Joshua California, Berkeley Tobias Ekholm, Uppsala University ! Moduli Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Grochow, University of Toronto February 24 March 3 of Marked Disks, Open KdV, and Virasoro ! Jake Theory Seminar ! The Hyperbolic Ax-Lindemann Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics March 10 Solomon, Hebrew University Conjecture ! Emmanuel Ullmo, Université Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! Seminar I ! An Almost-Linear-Time Algorithm for Seminar I ! The Green-Tao Theorem and a Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Paris-Sud 11 Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; Approximate Max Flow in Undirected Graphs, and Relative Szemeredi Theorem ! Yufei Zhao, Seminar I ! Two Structural Results for Low Degree March 17 Veblen Research Instructor, School of Its Multicommodity Generalizations ! Jonathan Massachusetts Institute of Technology Polynomials and Applications ! Avishay Tal, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics February 10 Mathematics Kelner, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Weizmann Institute of Science Seminar I ! The Matching Polytope Has Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Members’ Seminar ! Topologies of Nodal Sets Exponential Extension Complexity ! Thomas Seminar I ! Polynomial Bounds for the Grid-Minor February 18 Members’ Seminar ! Zeros of Polynomials via of Random Band Limited Functions ! Peter Members’ Seminar ! Filtering the Grothendieck Rothvoss, University of Washington Theorem ! Julia Chuzhoy, Toyota Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Matrix Theory and Continued Fractions ! Olga Sarnak, Professor, School of Mathematics Ring of Varieties ! Inna Zakharevich, The Technological Institute at Chicago Seminar II ! Non-Commutative Arithmetic Holtz, University of California, Berkeley; von University of Chicago; Member, School of Members’ Seminar ! Criticality for Computation ! Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! Mathematics Multicommodity Flows ! Paul Seymour, Marston Morse Lectures ! Arithmetic Hyperbolic Maass Professor, School of Mathematics Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; Princeton University 3-Manifolds, Perfectoid Spaces, and Galois Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! Veblen Research Instructor, School of Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! Representations I ! Peter Scholze, Universität Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; Mathematics Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; March 18 Bonn Matrices ! 3/4-Fractional Superdiffusion in a Veblen Research Instructor, School of Veblen Research Instructor, School of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics System of Harmonic Oscillators Perturbed by a Mathematics March 4 Mathematics Seminar II ! Graph Expansion and Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! Conservative Noise ! Cédric Bernardin, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Communication Complexity of Algorithms ! Olga Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis February 25 Seminar II ! Fast Matrix Multiplication ! Yuval March 11 Holtz, University of California, Berkeley; von Veblen Research Instructor, School of Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Filmus, Member, School of Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics Mathematics February 19 Seminar II ! Fast Matrix Multiplication ! Yuval Seminar II ! How to Delegate Computations: Goncharov Reading Group ! More on Hodge Filmus, Member, School of Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random The Power of No-Signaling ! Ran Raz, Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random 4 February 11 Theory ! Christopher Brav, Member, School Matrices ! The Dynamical φ3 Model: Methodology Weizmann Institute of Science; Visiting Matrices ! On the Boltzmann Equation without Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics of Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random and Results ! Martin Hairer, University of Professor, School of Mathematics Angular Cut-Off ! Robert Strain, University Seminar II ! Non-Commutative Arithmetic Matrices ! Nearly Time-Periodic Water Waves ! Warwick; Member, School of Mathematics of Pennsylvania Computation ! Avi Wigderson, Herbert H. Jon Wilkening, University of California, Maass Professor, School of Mathematics Berkeley ! Almost Global Solutions for Incompressible Elasticity in 2D ! Zhen Lei, Fudan

66 67 March 19 March 27 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number April 15 April 28 School of Natural Goncharov Reading Group ! Introduction to Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Theory Seminar ! A Framework of Rogers- Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Sciences Motives ! Ana Caraiani, Princeton University; Matrices ! Some Properties of the One-Dimensional Ramanujan Identities ! Ken Ono, Emory Seminar II ! IP = PSPACE via Error Correcting Seminar I ! Search Games and Optimal Kakeya Veblen Research Instructor, School of q-Boson Asymmetric Zero-Range Process ! University Codes ! Or Meir, Member, School of Sets ! Yuval Peres, Microsoft Research Mathematics Tomohiro Sasamoto, Tokyo Institute of Mathematics ASTROPHYSICS ACTIVITIES Technology April 4 April 29 Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics July 8 ! Random Matrices ! ! Matrices Products of Random Matrices: New Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Matrices Duistermaat-Hackamn Measures and Seminar II A Central Limit Theorem for Princeton University/Institute for Advanced ! Gernot ! Philippe Biane Results for Finite and Infinite Size Pitman Theorem , Université Gaussian Polynomials and Deterministic Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch Akemann, Universität Bielefeld Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar ! Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée Approximate Counting for Polynomial Threshold Discussion ! General Discussion ! Matias ! Towards Viterbo Functoriality for Nonexact Liouville ! Anindya De Theory Seminar On a Motivic Method in Functions , Member, School Zaldarriaga, Professor, School of Natural ! ! Majid Hadian-Jazi Embeddings ! Janko Latschev, Universität April 16 Mathematical Conversations The Math and Diophantine Geometry , of Mathematics Sciences, and David Spergel, Princeton ! Olga Holtz Hamburg ! Minimal Discrepancy of Isolated Magic of Jorge Luis Borges , University of Illinois at Chicago Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random University University of California, Berkeley; von Singularities and Reeb Orbits ! Mark McLean, Matrices ! Limiting Eigenvalue Distribution April 30 Neumann Fellow, School of Mathematics March 28 Stony Brook University, The State University of Random Matrices Involving Tensor Product ! Goncharov Reading Group July 15 of New York Leonid Pastur Round Table on Open Problems in Non- , B. Verkin Institute for Low Princeton University/Institute for Advanced March 24 Equilibrium Statistical Physics and Related Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Spectral Problems ! Jürg Fröhlich, April 7 Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Matrices ! Landau Damping: Gevrey Regularity Discussion ! Dark Matter Harmonics beyond Seminar I ! List Decodability of Randomly Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics and Paraproducts ! Clément Mouhot, Annual Modulation ! Ben Safdi, Princeton ! Mary Wootters ! Seminar I ! Progress on Algorithmic Versions of the April 17 ! Punctured Codes , University Visiting Professor, School of Mathematics University of Cambridge Geometry of Metrics University of Michigan David A. Huse, Princeton University ! Lovasz Local Lemma ! Aravind Srinivasan, Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory and Measure Concentration in Abstract Ergodic Michael Aizenmann, Princeton University University of Maryland, College Park Theory ! Tim Austin, New York University July 22 ! Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Seminar Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Members’ Seminar ! Extracting Rational Vector ! May 1 BCFG Drinfeld-Sokolov Hierarchies and ADE Princeton/IAS Symplectic Geometry Theory Seminar Epipelagic Representations and Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch LG-Model with Symmetry ! Yongbin Ruan, Seminar ! Virtual Neighborhood Technique and Its Spaces from Torsion Groups ! Bhargav Bhatt, Rigid Local Systems ! Zhiwei Yun, Stanford Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Discussion ! Overview: Joint Likelihood Function ! Bai-Ling Wang Member, School of Mathematics ! University of Michigan Applications , The Australian University Theory Seminar Geometric Structure and the of Cluster Number Counts and Weak Lensing Power National University Local Langlands Conjecture ! Paul Baum, Spectrum ! David Spergel, Princeton ! April 8 April 21 Members’ Seminar Gambling, Computational The Pennsylvania State University University Information, and Encryption Security ! Bruce March 31 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics ! Do NP-Hard Problems Require ! Kapron, University of Victoria; Member, Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Seminar II Seminar I True : Its Origin and May 2 September 9 Exponential Time? ! Andrew Drucker, ! Yaoyun Shi School of Mathematics Random Matrices Expansion , University of Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Member, School of Mathematics ! Michigan Theory Seminar Recovering Elliptic Curves Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch March 25 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics from Their p-Torsion ! Benjamin Bakker, Discussion ! Bias: Nonlinear, Nonlocal, Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Seminar I ! A Polynomial Lower Bound for Special Number Theory Seminar ! L-Functions, Members’ Seminar ! A Riemann-Roch Theorem New York University and Stochastic ! Ravi Sheth, University of ! Sieves, and the Tate Shafarevich Group ! Maksym ! Jean-Michel Seminar II Circular Encryption in Formal and Monotonicity Testing of Boolean Functions over in Bott-Chern Cohomology Pennsylvania Computational Cryptography ! Bruce Kapron, Hypercube and Hypergrid Domains ! Rocco Radziwill, Member, School of Mathematics Bismut, Université Paris-Sud 11 May 7 University of Victoria; Member, School of Servedio, Columbia University Goncharov Reading Group September 17 Mathematics April 9 Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Astrophysics Seminar ! Mega-Maser Cosmology April 1 Goncharov Reading Group ! More on Motives ! Theory Seminar ! A Transition Formula for Mean May 8 Project ! Fred K. Y. Lo, National Radio ! Charles Weibel, Rutgers, The State University ! Yitang Zhang Special Number Theory Seminar Eisenstein Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Values of Dirichlet Polynomials , Joint IAS/Princeton University Number Astronomy Observatory Series of Weight 1 ! Kamal Khuri-Makdisi, Random Matrices of New Jersey; Member, School of Mathematics University of New Hampshire Theory Seminar ! Moments of Zeta Functions American University of Beirut Associated to Hyperelliptic Curves ! Michael September 19 Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Mathematical Conversations ! On Characters April 22 Rubinstein, University of Waterloo Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! The Galaxy- ! and Words in Groups ! Ori Parzanchevski, Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Seminar II Byzantine Agreement in Expected Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Halo Connection and the Evolution of the Red Matrices ! From Classical to Quantum Integrability, Polynomial Time ! Valerie King, University of Member, School of Mathematics Seminar II ! Results and Open Problems in the May 13 Sequence ! Jeremy Tinker, New York and Back ! Vladimir Kazakov ! Andris , École Normale Victoria; Member, School of Mathematics Theory of Quantum Complexity Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics University Supérieure, Paris April 10 Ambainis, University of Latvia; von Neumann Seminar II ! A Central Limit Theorem for Special Number Theory Seminar ! Statistical Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Fellow, School of Mathematics Gaussian Polynomials and Deterministic September 23 March 26 Behavior of Eigenforms on Quaternion Algebras ! Approximate Counting for Polynomial Threshold Princeton University/Institute for Advanced ! Dilogarithms ! Paul Nelson Joint IAS/Princeton University Number ! Anindya De Goncharov Reading Group , École Polytechnique Fédérale Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Functions , Member, School Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Tudor Dan Dimofte, Long-term Member, de Theory Seminar ! Applications of Additive Matrices ! Free Entropy ! Philippe Biane, of Mathematics Discussion ! Lagrangian Perturbation Theory School of Natural Sciences, and Christopher Combinatorics to Diophantine Equations ! Alexei Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée at 1-Loop Level ! Naonori Sugiyama, Brav April 2 Skorobogatov, May 14 , Member, School of Mathematics Princeton University Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and April 23 Goncharov Reading Group April 14 Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random Random Matrices Goncharov Reading Group September 24 Matrices ! Some Results on History-Dependent Computer Science/Discrete Mathematics Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Random May 21 Astrophysics Seminar ! The Progenitors of ! Margherita Disertori ! ! Seminar I ! Local Correctability of Expander ! Stochastic Processes , Goncharov Reading Group Back to the Paper! Matrices Nonlinear Brownian Motion and Goncharov Reading Group Short Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Electromagnetic Universität Bonn ! Anomalous Shock Fluctuations Inna Zakharevich, The University of Chicago; Codes ! Brett Hemenway, University of Nonlinear Feynman-Kac Formula of Path-Functions ! Counterparts of Gravitational Sources ! in TASEP and Last Passage Percolation Models ! Pennsylvania Shige Peng June 10 Member, School of Mathematics, and , Shandong University Edo Berger, Harvard University Patrik Ferrari, Universität Bonn Christopher Brav, Member, School of Special Number Theory Seminar ! Euler ! Toroidal Soap Bubbles: Mathematics Members’ Seminar April 24 Systems and the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer September 26 Public Lecture ! Univalent Foundations: Constant Mean Curvature Tori in S3 and R3 ! Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Conjecture ! Sarah Zerbes, University Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! 21cm ! Vladimir April 3 Emma Carberry, New Foundations of Mathematics College London Fluctuations during the Dark Ages: Accounting Voevodsky, Professor, School of Mathematics Workshop on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics and Joint IAS/Princeton University Number for the Relative Velocity of Baryons and CDM ! Lectures on Homological Mirror Symmetry ! ! June 11 Random Matrices Theory Seminar Torsion in the Coherent Yacine Ali-Haômoud, Member, School of ! Six Is the New Nicholas Sheridan, Princeton University; ! Mathematical Conversations Cohomology of Shimura Varieties and Galois Special Number Theory Seminar Euler Natural Sciences Ten ! Tudor Dan Dimofte, Long-term Working Group on Algebraic Number Theory Veblen Research Instructor, School of Representations ! George Boxer, Harvard Systems and Bounds for Selmer Groups ! David Member, School of Natural Sciences Mathematics University Loeffler, University of Warwick

68 69 October 1 Detection ! Peter Graham, Stanford November 12 January 14 Bolometric Light Curve Session Speakers: Mark February 18 Astrophysics Seminar ! Unleashing Feedback: University ! Self-Interacting Dark Matter ! Astrophysics Seminar ! The Hubble Constant Astrophysics Seminar ! Solar Chemical Anomalies M. Phillips, Las Campanas Observatory ! Astrophysics Seminar ! Driving the Dynamo via Galaxies and AGN ! , Johns Manoj Kaplinghat, University of California, and Dark Energy from Cepheids, Supernovae, and and Late Accretion ! Wick Haxton, University Boaz Katz, Long-term Member, School of Magnetic Helicity Flux: How Differential Rotation Hopkins University Irvine ! The Small-Scale Structure of Dark Parallax ! , Johns Hopkins of California, Berkley Natural Sciences ! Andy Howell, University Makes Large-Scale Magnetic Fields ! Ethan Matter ! Andrew Zentner, University of University of California, Santa Barbara ! Day 1 Afternoon Vishniac, University of Saskatchewan October 3 Pittsburgh ! Dark Matter Substructure and January 16 Moderator: Avishay Gal-Yam, Weizmann Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Characterization Gravitational Lensing ! Chuck Keeton, November 14 Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! The All-Sky Institute of Science ! Nebular Phase Session February 20 of Exoplanetary Atmospheres and Interiors ! Nikku Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ! Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Gravitational Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN): Speakers: Subo Dong, The Kavli Institute Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Introducing Madhusudhan, Yale University The Impact of SIDM on Structure Formation Wave Detection with Atom Interferometry ! Big Science with Small Telescopes ! José Prieto, for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking Clustering Redshifts ! Brice Menard, Johns and Direct Detection ! Mark Vogelsberger, Surjeet Rajendran, Stanford University Princeton University University ! Peter Garnavich, University Hopkins University October 7 Harvard University ! Probing Dark Matter of Notre Dame ! Keiichi Maeda, Kavli Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Substructure with ALMA ! Neal Dalal, November 18 January 21 Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the February 25 Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch University of Illinois ! Organizing Committee: Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Astrophysics Seminar ! Gaps in Galactic Stellar Universe, The University of Tokyo ! Paolo Astrophysics Seminar ! Studying the Largest Discussion ! Modeling the Hierarchical Evolution of Kfir Blum, Member, School of Natural Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch Streams ! Ray Carlberg, University of Toronto Mazzali, The Astrophysics Research Institute at Objects in the Universe Undergoing the Most Galaxy Clusters ! Irina Dvorkin, Florence and Sciences; Daniel Grin, The University of Discussion ! Bridging the Gap between Theory Liverpool John Moores University ! Jeffrey Energetic Collisions in the Universe with the World’s George Wise Observatory, Tel Aviv University Chicago; Samuel Lee, Princeton Center and Observations of Galaxies across Cosmic Time ! January 23 Silverman, The University of Texas at Biggest (Moveable) Telescope ! Mark Devlin, for Theoretical Science, Princeton University; Yuexing Li, The Pennsylvania State University Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Three Pieces in Austin ! General Session Speakers: Adam University of Pennsylvania October 8 Mariangela Lisanti, Princeton University; the Form of a Ring ! Jihad Touma, American Burrows, Princeton University ! Ken Shen, Astrophysics Seminar ! Aberrations Produced by Tracy Slatyer, Massachusetts Institute of November 19 University of Beirut; Visitor, School of Natural University of California, Berkeley ! February 27 Telescopes and by Galaxies ! Paul Schechter, Technology Astrophysics Seminar ! New Aspects of Core- Sciences Maximilian Stritzinger, Aarhus University, Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Small-Scale Massachusetts Institute of Technology Collapse Supernova Theory ! Christian Ott, ! Day 2 Morning Moderator: Eran CMB Cosmology: ACT, Planck, and Beyond ! October 21 California Institute of Technology January 27 Ofek, Weizmann Institute of Science ! Spectra Renée Hlozek, Princeton University October 10 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Session Speakers: Luc Dessart, Astrophysics Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! The Sad Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch November 21 Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch Laboratory of Marseille, France ! Markus March 3 Story of the Cosmic EUV Background ! Matt Discussion ! Current Dark Matter Annihilation Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Building Discussion ! Not All Approaches to Large-Scale Kromer, Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik ! Princeton University/Institute for Advanced McQuinn, University of California, Berkeley Bounds from the CMB and Prospects for HERA from PAPERclips and Supercomputers ! Structure Are Created Equal ! Svetlin Tassev, Kate Maguire, University of Oxford, United Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Mass Measurements from ACTpol ! Neelima Aaron Parsons, University of California, Princeton University Kingdom ! Day 2 Afternoon Moderator: Boaz Discussion ! Synergies between the Atacama October 15 Sehgal, Stony Brook University, The State Berkeley Katz, Long-term Member, School of Natural Cosmology Telescope and Planck CMB Observations ! Astrophysics Seminar ! Insights into the Galaxy University of New York January 28 Sciences ! Spectra Session Speaker (continued): Erminia Calabrese, University of Oxford from the RAVE Survey ! Rosemary Wyse, November 26 Astrophysics Seminar ! ALMA Observations of Stuart Sim, Queens University Belfast ! October 22 Astrophysics Seminar ! Science Horizons Galaxy Evolution and Nuclear Activity ! Nick The Combustion Physics of Each Model Session March 4 Astrophysics Seminar ! How the CMB Challenges and Technology Challenges in X-Ray Astronomy Scoville, California Institute of Technology Speakers: Wolfgang Hillebrandt, Max- Astrophysics Seminar ! Cosmology and October 16–28 Standard Cosmology ! Glenn Starkman, Case beyond Chandra ! Alexey Vikhlinin, Harvard- Planck-Institut für Astrophysik ! Doron Astrophysics with Galaxy Clusters ! Daisuke Princeton Center for Theoretical Western Reserve University Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics January 30 Kushnir, Member, School of Natural Nagai, Yale University Science/Institute for Advanced Study Workshop Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Supernova Sciences ! Alexei Poludnenko, U.S. Naval on the Dark Matter Paradigm: Current Status October 24 December 2 Remnants as Galactic Cosmic-Ray Factories ! Research Laboratory ! Francis Timmes, March 6 and Challenges ! Dark Side ! Cristiano Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Unveiling the Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Damiano Caprioli, Princeton University Arizona State University ! Special Session Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Extremes of Galbiati, Princeton University ! Update on the Origin of High-Energy Observed by Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch 2014J ! Avishay Gal-Yam, Weizmann Compact Object Birth, from the Dimmest to the Xenon Experiment ! Elena Aprile, Columbia IceCube ! Kohta Murase, Member, School Discussion ! Probing the Initial Conditions of the February 4 Institute of Science ! Day 3 Morning Super-Luminous ! Brian Metzger, Columbia University ! SABRE (Sodium Iodide with Active of Natural Sciences Universe Using Large-Scale Structure ! Nishant Astrophysics Seminar ! Once Upon a Time in Moderator: Francis Timmes, Arizona State University Background Rejection): A New Experiment to Test Agarwal, Carnegie Mellon University Kamchatka: The Extraordinary Search for Natural University ! Diversity and Bimodality Session the DAMA/LIBRA Result ! Jingke Xu, October 29 Quasicrystals ! , Princeton Speakers: Ryan Foley, Harvard-Smithsonian March 11 Princeton University ! Overview of Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Seminar ! LSST Project Office and December 3 University Center for Astrophysics ! Saurabh Jha, Astrophysics Seminar ! Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Radiation from Dark Matter Annihilation ! SLAC/Stanford ! Steven Kahn, Stanford Astrophysics Seminar ! Massive Gravity and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ! Standard Model and Beyond ! Peter Mészáros, Doug Finkbeiner, Harvard University ! University Cosmology ! Gregory Gabadadze, New York February 6 Peter Nugent, University of California, The Pennsylvania State University Dark Matter, Solar, and Laboratory Searches for University Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! ALMA Berkeley ! Progenitor’s Hunt Session Speakers: the Axion ! Karl van Bibber, University of October 31 Observations of Strongly Lensed Dusty Star-Forming Carlos Badenes, University of Pittsburgh ! March 13 California, Berkeley ! AMS Results ! Andrei Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! All-Radiation December 5 Galaxies and Prospects for Mapping the Small-Scale Eran Ofek, Weizmann Institute of Science ! Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Firehose and Kounine, CERN ! Dwarf Galaxies and Dark Backgrounds from Star-Forming Galaxies: A Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! How Structure of Dark Matter Halos ! Yashar Keníichi Nomoto, The University of Tokyo ! Mirror Instabilities in a Collisionless Shearing Matter ! Rosemary Wyse, Johns Hopkins Preview ! Brian Lacki, Member, School of Is Changing Stellar Astrophysics ! Hezaveh, Stanford University Organizers: Doron Kushnir, Member, School Plasma ! Matthew Kunz, Princeton University ! Dark Matter in the Milky Way ! Jo Natural Sciences Sarbani Basu,Yale University of Natural Sciences ! Boaz Katz, Long-term University Bovy, Member, School of Natural Sciences ! February 10 Member, School of Natural Sciences ! Overview of Dark Matter Direct Detection ! November 4 December 11 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Avishay Gal-Yam, Weizmann Institute of March 18 Neal Weiner, New York University ! Monojets Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Astrophysics Seminar ! Feedback Processes Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Science ! Eran Ofek, Weizmann Institute of Astrophysics Seminar ! Measuring the Cosmic Versus the Rest of the World ! Kathryn Zurek, Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch in Rapidly Star-Forming Galaxies ! Todd Discussion ! Progress and Challenges for CMB Science ! Francis Timmes, Arizona State Distance Scale with SDSS-III ! Daniel University of Michigan ! Dark Matter Searches Discussion ! Direct Constraints on High-Redshift Thompson, The Ohio State University Lensing ! Alexander van Engelen, Stony University Eisenstein, Harvard University with Fermi LAT ! Simona Murgia, University Star Formation from Observed Chemical Revolution Brook University, The State University of New of California, Irvine ! Dark Matter Annihilation of DLAs ! Girish Kulkarni, Max-Planck- December 12 York February 11 March 20 in the Galactic Center and Inner Galaxy ! Institut für Astronomie Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Detection of Astrophysics Seminar ! On the Source of the Dust Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Extracting , Fermi National Accelerator Lensing B-Modes in CMB Polarization ! Duncan February 10–12 Extinction in Type Ia Supernovae ! Mark M. Exoplanet Demographics from the Kepler Survey ! Laboratory and the University of Chicago ! November 5 Hanson, McGill University Astrophysics Workshop on Ias @ IAS ! Phillips, Las Campanas Observatory Tim Morton, Princeton University Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Light Astrophysics Seminar ! Black Hole Battery ! Day 1 Morning Moderator: Doron Kushnir, Dark Matter ! Rouven Essig, Stony Brook Janna Levin, Columbia University December 16 Member, School of Natural Sciences ! Opening February 14 March 25 University, The State University of New York ! Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Words ! Bob Kirshner, Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Supernovae Astrophysics Seminar ! IceCube’s Neutrinos: A Dark Matter Insights from Cosmological Structure November 7 Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch Center for Astrophysics ! What Do We Really and Gamma-Ray Bursts ! Paolo Mazzali, New Era in Neutrino and Cosmic-Ray Astrophysics ! Formation ! Risa Wechsler, Stanford Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! A Census of Discussion ! New Constraints on the Amplitude of Know about SNe Ias ! Craig Wheeler, The Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Eli Waxman, Weizmann Institute of Science University ! Update and Future of CDMS ! Distant, Giant Exoplanets ! Timothy David Cosmic Density Fluctuations and Intracluster Gas University of Texas at Austin ! White Dwarf Moores University Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Massachusetts Brandt, Member, School of Natural Sciences from the Thermal SZ Signal Measured by Planck Collisions in Triple Systems ! Boaz Katz, Long- Institute of Technology ! New Ideas for Axion and ACT ! Colin Hill, Princeton University term Member, School of Natural Sciences !

70 71 March 27 April 24 CLEANers Sweep Under the Rug ! October 7 November 6 January 30 Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Discharging Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Quantitative Michelle Lochner, University of Cape High Energy Theory Seminar ! Spacetime S- Physics Group Meeting ! 5d Super-Yang-Mills Future Colliders Seminar ! Experimental Black Holes in Massive Electrodynamics and Predictions for Galaxy Formation ! Andrew Town and University College London Matrix and Flux-Tube S-Matrix ! Pedro Vieira, and 4d Non-Lagrangian Theories ! Kazuya Challenges at the Future Circular Colliders ! Disappearing Black Holes in Massive Gravity ! Benson, Carnegie Observatories, Carnegie Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Yonekura, Member, School of Natural Marco Zanetti, Massachusetts Institute Mehrdad Mirbabayi, Member, School of Institution of Washington HIGH ENERGY THEORY Sciences of Technology Natural Sciences October 9 April 28 ACTIVITIES Informal Phenomenology Seminar ! What’s November 8 February 10 ! March 31 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Wrong with Goldstone? Hitoshi Murayama, High Energy Theory Seminar ! Comments High Energy Theory Seminar ! Lattice N=4 Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch September 11 Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics on Holographic Finite Density Matter ! Andrei Super-Yang-Mills ! Joel Giedt, Rensselaer Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch Discussion ! Cosmology Results from the Pan- of the Universe, The University of Tokyo Informal High Energy Theory Seminar ! Parnachev, Universiteit Leiden Polytechnic Institute Discussion ! The Search for Relic Neutrinos ! STARRs Supernova Survey ! Dan Scolnic, The Local Callan-Symanzik Equation: Structure Mariangela Lisanti, Princeton University Johns Hopkins University and the University October 16 and Applications ! Boaz Keren-Zur, École November 11 February 12 of Chicago ! Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Physics Group Meeting Scattering of Massless High Energy Theory Seminar ! (0,2) Trialities ! Physics Group Meeting ! Fuchsian Differential April 1 Particles: Scalars, Gluons, and ! Song Abhijit Gadde, California Institute of Equations for Feynman Integrals ! Johannes ! April 29 Astrophysics Seminar Lensing by Galaxies, September 18 He, Member, School of Natural Sciences Technology Henn, Long-term Member, School of Natural Filaments, and Voids ! Bhuvnesh Jain, Astrophysics Seminar ! Probing Cosmic Physics Group Meeting ! Large N Chern-Simons Sciences University of Pennsylvania Acceleration with the Dark Energy Survey ! October 18 Theories with Fundamental Matter and Their November 14 Joshua A. Frieman, Fermi National ! Duals ! Shiraz Minwalla, Tata Institute of High Energy Theory Seminar Amplitudes, Informal High Energy Theory Seminar ! February 14 April 3 Accelerator Laboratory and the University Fundamental Research, Mumbai; Junior Visiting Regulators, and the Elliptic Dilogarithm: Physics On Heavy Supersymmetry ! Timothy Cohen, High Energy Theory Seminar ! - Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Reexamining of Chicago Professor, School of Natural Sciences and Arithmetic of the Sunset Diagram in Two Stanford University Induced Transport and Chiral Part Cardy Formula ! Astrophysical Constraints on the Dark Matter Dimensions ! Pierre Vanhove, Institut des Loganayagam Ramalingam, Member, Model ! Alyson Brooks, Rutgers, The State May 1 September 19 Hautes Études Scientifiques November 20 School of Natural Sciences University of New Jersey Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! 500 Days Future Colliders Seminar ! Ask Not What A 100 Physics Group Meeting ! All You Ever Wanted to on Mars: Initial Results from the Curiosity Rover TeV pp Collider Can Do for You, Ask What You October 21 Know about LHC Experiments, but Were Afraid to February 20 ! April 7 Mission Kevin Lewis, Princeton University ! Can Do for A 100 TeV pp Collider ! Nima High Energy Theory Seminar Axion Detection Ask ! Raffaele Tito D’Agnolo, Member, School of Mathematics Cross-Disciplinary Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Arkani-Hamed, Professor, School of Natural with NMR ! Peter Graham, Stanford School of Natural Sciences Informal Talks ! A New Look at the Jones Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch May 6 Sciences University Polynomial of a Knot ! Edward Witten, Charles Discussion ! Back to the 80s ! Matias Astrophysics Seminar ! Confirming and December 2 Simonyi Professor, School of Natural Sciences Zaldarriaga, Professor, School of Natural Constraining Kepler Planets via Transit Timing September 23 October 23 High Energy Theory Seminar ! Higher Sciences Variations ! Matt Holman, Harvard- High Energy Theory Seminar ! Topological Physics Group Meeting ! Localization and Super Symmetry, Topological Quantum Field Theory, and February 20 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Order and Long-Range Entanglement—Can Renyi Entropy ! Tatsuma Nishioka, Member, Gapped Phases of Matter ! Anton Kapustin, School of Mathematics Cross-Disciplinary April 8 Elementary Particles Emerge from Qubits? ! School of Natural Sciences California Institute of Technology Informal Talks ! Duality and Emergent Gauge Astrophysics Seminar ! Galaxy Evolution and the May 8 Xiao-Gang Wen, Perimeter Institute for Symmetry ! Nathan Seiberg, Professor, Growth of Supermassive Black Holes ! Meg Urry, Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Signatures Theoretical Physics October 28 December 4 School of Natural Sciences Yale University of Massive Galaxy Mergers at z < 1 ! Sean T. High Energy Theory Seminar ! The Geometry Physics Group Meeting ! Computing Three-Point McWilliams, West Virginia University September 24 of the Quantum Hall Effect ! Dam Thanh Son, Functions for Short Operators ! Till Bargheer, February 20 April 10 Informal High Energy Theory Seminar ! The University of Chicago Member, School of Natural Sciences School of Mathematics Cross-Disciplinary Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! The Origin May 12 How Perturbative Field Theory Could Have Been Informal Talks ! Emergent Geometry: The Duality of Retrograde Hot Jupiters ! Smadar Naoz, Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Discovered in Einstein’s Gravity ! Barak Kol, October 29 December 11 Between Gravity and Quantum Field Theory ! Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Racah High Energy Theory Seminar ! Hilbert Series for Physics Group Meeting ! Split Dirac Juan Maldacena, Professor, School of Discussion ! Origin of Probabilities and Their the Coulomb Branch of N=4 Supersymmetric Gauge Supersymmetry and a Higgsino LSP ! Graham Natural Sciences April 14 Application to the Multiverse: Toward a Resolution September 25 Theories in Three Dimensions ! Amihay Kribs, University of Oregon; Member, School Princeton University/Institute for Advanced of Cosmological Measure Problems ! Andreas Physics Group Meeting ! Bootstrapping the O(N) Hanany, Imperial College London of Natural Sciences February 24 Study Early Universe/Cosmology Lunch Albrecht, University of California, Davis Vector Models ! David Simmons-Duffin, High Energy Theory Seminar ! Massive Gravity: Discussion ! Primordial Power Spectrum Pre- Member, School of Natural Sciences October 30 December 13 A Status Report ! Rachel Rosen, Columbia ! Grigor Aslanyan May 13 and Post-BICEP , The ! ! High Energy Theory Seminar New Predictions University ! Physics Group Meeting Global Properties University of Auckland Astrophysics Seminar Quantum Information ! September 26 ! for Dark Matter Direct-Detection Experiments in Experiments: There and Back Again ! Shlomi of Supersymmetric Theories and the Lens Space Ben Safdi, Princeton University February 28 April 15 Kotler Future Colliders Seminar ! Unbroken SU(2) at Brian M. Willett, Member, School of Natural , National Institute of Standards and ! ! Anson Hook High Energy Theory Seminar Conformal Field Astrophysics Seminar ! Observations of Star- Technology, Boulder a 100 TeV Collider , Member, Sciences December 16 Theory and Quantized Spacetime ! Herman Forming Galaxies in the Heart of the Reionization School of Natural Sciences; Andrey Katz, High Energy Theory Seminar ! de Sitter Verlinde, Princeton University Era ! Richard Ellis, California Institute of May 15 Harvard University October 31 Holography and Wavefunctionals ! Dionysios Technology Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! Liquid Supergravity Seminar ! Ultraviolet Properties Anninos, Stanford University March 5 Crystals of Stars and Black Holes at the Centers October 2 of Half-Maximal Supergravity ! Scott Davies, Physics Group Meeting ! Riemann-Hilbert April 17 of Galaxies ! Bence Kocsis, Member, School Physics Group Meeting ! The 4d Superconformal University of California, Los Angeles January 13 Equations for Exact Planar Spectrum of N=4 Astrophysics Informal Seminar ! What We of Natural Sciences Bootstrap: Chiral Algebras in 4d Superconformal High Energy Theory Seminar ! Covariant Map SYM ! Vladimir Kazakov, École Normale Can(not) Learn from Dark Matter Direct-Detection Field Theory (Part I) ! Leonardo Rastelli, November 1 between RNS and Pure Spinor Superstring Supérieure, Paris; Member, School of Natural Experiments ! Vera Gluscevic, Member, June 2 Stony Brook University, The State University of High Energy Theory Seminar ! First Results Formalisms ! Nathan Berkovits, Universidade Sciences School of Natural Sciences Princeton University/Institute for Advanced New York; Member, School of Natural Sciences from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment ! Daniel Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch McKinsey, Yale University Paulo March 17 April 22 Discussion ! A Balloon-Borne Polarimeter for October 4 High Energy Theory Seminar ! Indirect Detection Astrophysics Seminar ! The Vast Polar Structures Cosmic Microwave Background Observation ! High Energy Theory Seminar ! The 4d November 5 January 27 of Wino Dark Matter: Multichannel Detection around the Milky Way and Andromeda, and the Sasha Rahlin, Princeton University Superconformal Bootstrap: Chiral Algebras in ! Physics Group Meeting Discussion on State High Energy Theory Seminar ! Cluster Study ! Ilias Cholis, Implications Thereof for Fundamental Physics ! 4d Superconformal Field Theory (Part II) ! ! Dependence and Black Hole Interiors Group Polylogarithms for Scattering Amplitudes ! Pavel Kroupa, Helmholtz-Institut für June 16 Christopher Beem, Member, School of Discussion Marcus Spradlin, Brown University March 19 Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn Princeton University/Institute for Advanced Natural Sciences Physics Group Meeting ! Introduction to Local Study Early Universe/ Cosmology Lunch Quantum Physics ! Jürg Fröhlich, Visiting Discussion ! Bayesian Inference for Radio Professor, School of Mathematics Observations (BIRO)—Or, Facing What the

72 73 March 26 May 21 F-Theory ! Denis Klevers, University of October 30 January 8 Institute ! Pancreatic Cancer Organoids Resolve Physics Group Meeting ! 3d N=2 from 4d Physics Group Meeting ! Proof of a Quantum Pennsylvania ! Toda CFT from Six Dimensions ! The Simons Center for Systems Biology The Simons Center for Systems Biology Fundamental Questions and Identify Therapies ! N=4 ! Masahito Yamazaki, Member, School Bousso Bound ! Horacio Casini, Centro Clay Cordova, Harvard University ! State Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ Seminar ! Genetic Methods for Measuring the David Tuveson, Cold Spring Harbor of Natural Sciences Atómico Bariloche, Argentina Dependent Operators and the Information Paradox ! Quantitative Aspects of Biology ! Sergio Composition of Bacterial Communities ! Mikhail Laboratory ! Mobilizing the Immune System Suvrat Raju, Tata Institute of Fundamental Lukic, Member, School of Natural Sciences Tikhonov, Princeton University against Cancer ! Suzanne L. Topalian, Johns March 28 May 23 Research, Mumbai ! Amplitudes and the Hopkins University School of Medicine ! The High Energy Theory Seminar ! Regge Theory: High Energy Theory Seminar ! M2 Brane Scattering Equations, Proofs, and Polynomials ! November 1 January 15 Changing Paradigm of Clinical Drug Development ! Old and New ! Simon Caron-Huot, Niels Junction and Four-Dimensional Line Operator ! Louise Dolan, University of North Carolina, The Simons Center for Systems Biology Rockefeller Group Visit ! The Social Behavior Patricia M. LoRusso, Barbara Ann Karmanos Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen; Dan Xie, Member, School of Natural Sciences Chapel Hill ! Higher-Rank Fields, Currents, and Seminars ! Using Sequences to Understand of Ants ! Daniel Kronauer, The Rockefeller Cancer Institute ! Uncovering the Evolutionary Member, School of Natural Sciences Higher Spin Holography ! Mikhail Vasiliev, Proteins ! Lucy Colwell, Member, School of University History of Tumors through the Analysis of June 16–20 Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Natural Sciences ! Forces on Viral Evolution ! Their Genome ! Raul Rabadan, Columbia March 31 Prospects in Theoretical Physics: String Academy of Sciences ! Mordell-Weil Torsion and Benjamin Greenbaum, Mount Sinai School January 30 University College of Physicians and Surgeons ! High Energy Theory Seminar ! Implications of Theory ! The Amplituhedron ! Nima Arkani- Matter Spectra in F-Theory ! Timo Weigand, of Medicine ! Geometry and Dimension in Living The Simons Center for Systems Biology Talks TP53 Mutations: from to Public Health ! Inflationary Gravity Waves for the QCD Axion ! Hamed, Professor, School of Natural Heidelberg University ! Monte Carlo Approach to Information Systems ! Tsvi Tlusty, Member, on Abstract/Conceptual/Quantitative Aspects Pierre Hainaut, Université de Grenoble Scott Thomas, Rutgers, The State University Sciences ! Introduction to Higher Spin String/M-Theory ! Masanori Hanada, Kyoto School of Natural Sciences of Biology ! Neutral Networks, Power Grids, and of New Jersey AdS/CFT ! Simone Giombi, Princeton University and Stanford University ! Scattering Coarse-Grained Models of DNA ! Petr Sulc, May 14 University ! Applications of String Theory ! Amplitudes at Strong Coupling beyond the Area November 13 University of Oxford Rockefeller Group Visit ! Collective Gliding April 2 Steven Gubser, Princeton University ! O(N) Paradigm, Benjamin Basso, École Normale Rockefeller Group Visit ! The CRISPR Mobility of Myxococcus Xanthus ! Postural Physics Group Meeting ! Causal Partitions in Models, RG, and AdS/CFT ! , Supérieure, Paris ! The Exact Renormalization System of Bacteria ! Luciano Marraffini, The January 31 Dynamics of Walking Drosophila ! Joshua W. AdS/CFT ! Veronika Hubeny, Durham Princeton University ! Causality Constraints on Group and Higher Spin Holography ! Rob Leigh, Rockefeller University ! Modelling Heritability ! Joint Lab Meeting with Paul Steinhardt, Shaevitz, Princeton University ! Why Do University; Member, School of Natural Sciences Graviton Three-Point Amplitudes ! Juan University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ! Olivier Rivoire, CNRS and Université Joseph Princeton University ! Geometry and Dimension Simple Models Work? ! Benjamin Machta, Maldacena, Professor, School of Natural B-Modes and the Nature of Inflation ! Daniel Fourier in Living Information Systems ! Tsvi Tlusty, Princeton University April 11 Sciences ! Topological String Theory ! Hirosi Baumann, University of Cambridge ! Member, School of Natural Sciences ! Forces High Energy Theory Seminar ! Effective Actions Ooguri, California Institute of Technology ! Quantum Black Holes and Quantum Holography ! November 22–December 2 on Viral Evolution ! Benjamin Greenbaum, for Anomalous Hydrodynamics ! Mukund Self-Destructive Manifolds and the Cosmological Atish Dabholkar, Laboratoire de Physique Visit by Arvind Murugan of Harvard University Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Social Science Rangamani, Durham University; Member, Constant ! Alexander Polyakov, Princeton Théorique et Hautes , Universités School of Natural Sciences University ! Supersymmetric Quantum Field Paris VI–VII ! Four-Point Scattering from December 5–7 February 19 September 26 Theories ! Nathan Seiberg, Professor, School Amplituhedron ! Jaroslav Trnka, California Visit by Asaf Gal of Technion–Israel Institute Rockefeller Group Visit ! The Memory and Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! April 14 of Natural Sciences ! CFT/AdS and the Black Institute of Technology ! Meromorphic Functions of Technology Decision-Making of Flies ! Gaby Maimon, The Re-Enchantment of Deep Time: Lady Mungo’s High Energy Theory Seminar ! BTZ/CFT ! Hole Interior ! Herman Verlinde, Princeton and the Topology of Giants ! Jeff Murugan, The Rockefeller University ! Low-Dimensional Questions for History and Science ! Ann McGrath, Raman Sundrum, University of Maryland University ! String Compactification ! Martijn University of Cape Town ! Moduli, a 0.1-1 keV December 9 Approximation of Microbial Behavior, and The Australian National University; Member, Wijnholt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Cosmic Axion Background, and the Galaxy Cluster The Simons Center for Systems Biology Heritability and Life-Stages of Behavior ! David School of Social Science April 16 München ! The Gopakumar-Vafa Formula ! Soft Excess ! Joseph Conlon, University of Seminar ! TRAIN: p53, along with DNA Jordan, The Rockefeller University Physics Group Meeting ! From the OPE to Edward Witten, Charles Simonyi Professor, Oxford Methylation & Interferon Response, Maintains the September 27 BFKL ! Amit Sever, Member, School of School of Natural Sciences Control of Repeats ! Katya Leonova, Roswell March 5 Ethnography and Theory Reading Group ! Natural Sciences July 14 Park Cancer Institute Rockefeller Group Visit ! A New Perspective on Organizational Meeting June 25 High Energy Theory Seminar ! Effective String Tolerance to Antibiotics and A Dynamical View of April 23 Strings 2014 Parallel Sessions: ! Quantum Theory Simplified ! Jonathan Maltz, Stanford December 10 Mammalian Cell Interdivision Time ! Nathalie September 30 Physics Group Meeting ! Fractional Quantum Entanglement and Local Operators ! Tadashi University New Jersey Technology Council Life Science Questembert-Balaban, The Hebrew Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Hall Effect in Graphene ! Ravindra Bhatt, Takayanagi, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical and Technology Meeting ! “Immune Profiling”— University of Jerusalem ! Scheduling Self- Organizational Meeting Princeton University; Member, School of Physics, Kyoto University; ! Sphere Partition Advanced Sequencing Technologies in Breakthrough Replication ! Rami Pugatch, Member, School Natural Sciences Functions, the Zamolodchikov Metric, and Surface SIMONS CENTER FOR Diagnostics and Disease Monitoring ! Harlan of Natural Sciences Guest Lecture ! The Future of a Very Old Operators ! Jaume Gomis, Perimeter Robins, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Name? ! François Hartog, École des Hautes April 25 Institute for Theoretical Physics ! A Holographic SYSTEMS BIOLOGY ACTIVITIES Center March 28 Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris High Energy Theory Seminar ! Anomalies and Perspective on the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism ! Paul The Simons Center for Systems Biology the S-Matrix ! Yu-tin Huang, Member, School Chesler, Harvard University ! A Toy Model for The Simons Center for Systems Biology panNET Meeting ! iPS Models of Pancreatic July 2 October 2 of Natural Sciences the Kerr/CFT Correspondence ! Monica Guica, Seminar ! Dynamical Effects in Development of Cancer ! Ken Zaret, University of Pennsylvania ! The Simons Center for Systems Biology Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences University of Pennsylvania ! Mock Modular Drosophila Embryo ! Dimitri Krotov, Global Gene-Expression Analysis of Pancreatic Seminar ! Organizational Meeting Seminar ! p53 and Control of Epigenetic Silencing April 30 Moonshine for M22 and M23 ! Shamit Princeton University Neuroendocrine Tumors ! Chang Chan, Rutgers of Mammalian “Repeatome” ! Andrei V. Physics Group Meeting ! Gauge Theories and Kachru, Stanford University ! Entanglement Cancer Institute of New Jersey ! Complement October 3 Gudkov, Roswell Park Cancer Institute Quantum Integrability ! Vasily Pestun, Negativity in Conformal Field Theory ! Erik The Simons Center for Systems Biology and Metastasis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Member, School of Natural Sciences Tonni, Scuola Internazionale Superioredi Studi Seminar ! A System Architecture for Learning Tumors ! Chris Harris, Verto Institute July 3 Sexularism: On Secularization and Gender Avanzati,Trieste ! RR Charge and Gamma Robots ! Adam Haber, University of New ! Joan Wallach Scott The Simons Center for Systems Biology Equality , Harold F. May 7 Class ! Sungjay Lee, The University of South Wales April 9 Linder Professor, School of Social Science Seminar ! Understanding the Genetic Etiologies Physics Group Meeting ! “Total Cross-Sections” Chicago ! Probing the Structure of Quantum The Simons Center for Systems Biology of Complex Diseases through Variants with Large and a Froissart Bound in Conformal Field Theories ! Phases of Matter with Holography ! Sera December 17 Informal Talks on Abstract/Conceptual/ October 10 Effects ! Teng Ting Lim, Harvard University Simon Caron-Huot, Institute, Cremonini, University of Cambridge The Simons Center for Systems Biology Talks Quantitative Aspects of Biology ! William Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! University of Copenhagen; Member, School and Texas A&M ! BTZ/CFT ! Raman on Abstract/Conceptual/Quantitative Aspects of Jacobs, University of Cambridge July 3 Religion after the State: The Creation of a Muslim of Natural Sciences Sundrum, University of Maryland ! Biology ! Jonathan Dworkin, Columbia ! Noah Salomon The Simons Center for Systems Biology Minority in South Sudan , Singularities and Gauge Theory Phases ! Mboyo University April 16 Carleton College; Member, School of Social Seminar ! Polygenic Inheritance Elucidates Genetic May 9 Esole, Harvard University ! Holographic Rockefeller Group Visit ! Temporal Aspects of Science Architecture of Common Traits and Diseases ! High Energy Theory Seminar ! Naturalness Entanglement ! Veronika Hubeny, Durham December 18 Olfactory Coding ! Dmitry Rinberg, New York Ying Leong Chan, Harvard University after the First Run of the LHC ! Marco Farina, University ! N=4 Scattering Amplitudes and Rockefeller Group Visit ! The Fly Olfactory University ! Developmental Plasticity ! Shay October 11 Cornell University the Regularized Grassmanian ! Matthias System ! Vanessa Ruta, The Rockefeller Stern, The Rockefeller University ! October 1–3 Ethnography and Theory Reading Group Staudacher, Humboldt–Universität zu University ! Correlated Evolution of Protein Nikhil Anand Visit by Erez Braun of Technion–Israel Institute , University of Minnesota; May 14 Berlin ! String Theory of the Regge Intercept ! Residues ! Tiberiu Tesileanu, Member, School April 29 Omar of Technology Member, School of Social Science, and Physics Group Meeting ! Gravitational Waves and Simeon Hellerman, Institute for the Physics of Natural Sciences Governor’s Conference on Effective Partnering Dewachi, American University of Beirut; the Scale of Inflation ! Mehrdad Mirbabayi, and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, in Cancer Research ! Lgr5 Stem Cells in Self- Visitor, School of Social Science Member, School of Natural Sciences Japan ! Recent Progress on the Abelian Sector of Renewal and Cancer ! , Hubrecht

74 75 October 16 November 14 January 16 February 27 April 10 May 8 Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! The Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Six Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Dipesh Formation of Environmental Expertise: Before and Saving Distant Strangers ! Jeffrey Flynn, Conspiring with the Enemy: The Ethics of Thinking Like an Economist: On Expertise and the Ways of Looking at the Anthropocene ! Joseph P. Chakrabarty, Stephen H. Schneider, and Will After 1948 ! Sverker Sörlin, KTH Royal Fordham University; Member, School of Social Cooperation in Warfare ! Yvonne Chiu, The U.S. Policy Process ! Elizabeth Popp Berman, Masco, The University of Chicago; Member, Steffen Institute of Technology, Stockholm; Member, Science University of Hong Kong; Member, School of University at Albany, State University of New School of Social Science School of Social Science Social Science York; Member, School of Social Science October 17 January 17 May 20 Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! November 21 Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! March 5 April 11 Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Where the Wild Things Aren’t: City Zoos and Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Elizabeth Popp Berman, University at Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences Ethnography and Theory Reading Group ! Brandice Canes-Wrone, Princeton the Culture of Nature ! David I. Grazian, The Problem of Emergence ! John F. Padgett, Albany, State University of New York; Member, Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Mark Discussion of readings by Nitsan Chorev, Brown University; Member, School of Social Science University of Pennsylvania; Member, School The University of Chicago; Member, School School of Social Science Greif, The New School; Member, School of University; Member, School of Social Science of Social Science of Social Science Social Science, and Sverker Sörlin, KTH Royal and Jeffrey Flynn, Fordham University; Member, May 27–28 January 22 Institute of Technology, Stockholm; Member, School of Social Science Public Ethnography Workshop ! Organized by October 23 November 25 Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences School of Social Science Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Kim Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Seminar ! Discussion of reading by Wendy April 15 School of Social Science Lane Scheppele, Princeton University; Joint Henning Trüper, Centre de Recherches Griswold, Northwestern University; Member, March 6 Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Member, School of Social Science and School Historiques, École des Hautes Études en School of Social Science Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Race, Yvonne Chiu, The University of Hong Kong; of Historical Studies Sciences Sociales, Paris; Member, School Representation, and Right-Wing Aesthetics ! Member, School of Social Science Director’s Office Events of Social Science January 23 Cristina Beltrán, New York University; October 24 Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Member, School of Social Science April 16 September 23 Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Space, December 4 Secrecy and Evidence in the Conflict: Bones, Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences Institute Welcome Reception Place, Position, Location ! Wendy Griswold, Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences Films, Theories ! Elizabeth Anne Davis, March 7 Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Didier Northwestern University; Member, School of Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Manuela Princeton University; Member, School of Social Ethnography and Theory Reading Group ! Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Professor, School of September 27–28 Social Science Lavinas Picq, Universidad San Francisco de Science Discussion of readings by Elizabeth Anne Davis, Social Science, and Nikhil Anand, University of Dreams of Earth and Sky, A Celebration for Quito; Member, School of Social Science, and Princeton University; Member, School of Social Minnesota; Member, School of Social Science Freeman Dyson in Honor of His Ninetieth October 30 Ellen Stroud, Bryn Mawr College; Member, January 30 Science, and Didier Fassin, James D. Wolfensohn Birthday and Sixtieth Year at the Institute for Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences School of Social Science Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Professor, School of Social Science April 17 Advanced Study Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Ian Elections, Uncertainty, and Economic Outcomes ! Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! For Baucom, Richard White, Joseph P. Masco, The December 5 Brandice Canes-Wrone, Princeton March 10 Love and Money: The Disposition of Anthropology’s September 29 University of Chicago; Member, School of Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! University; Member, School of Social Science Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Noah Sympathetic Imagination ! Joseph D. Hankins, AMIAS Family Barbecue Social Science, and Sverker Sörlin, KTH Royal Counter-Constitutions: Potencies and Potentials of Salomon, Carleton College; Member, School University of California, San Diego; Member, Institute of Technology, Stockholm; Member, a Relic ! Kim Lane Scheppele, Princeton February 6 of Social Science School of Social Science October 11–12 School of Social Science University; Joint Member, School of Social Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Edward T. Cone Concert Series ! Sight and Science and School of Historical Studies Infrastructures of Commitment: Biopolitics and March 13 Sound ! Cassatt String Quartet: Muneko October 31 the State of Water Pipes in Mumbai ! Nikhil Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Fossil April 24 Otari, violin; Jennifer Leshnower, violin; Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Dead December 6 Anand, University of Minnesota; Member, Fuel Use and the Displacement Paradox ! Richard Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Sarah Adams, viola; and Nicole Johnson, as Dirt: Environmental History and the Human Ethnography and Theory Reading Group ! School of Social Science York, University of Oregon; Member, School of Cosmopolitan Amazons: Disentangling Modernity cello Corpse ! Ellen Stroud, Bryn Mawr College; Discussion of readings by David I. Grazian, Social Science from the State ! Manuela Lavinas Picq, Member, School of Social Science University of Pennsylvania; Member, School of February 11 Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Member, Edward T. Cone Concert Series Talk ! Social Science, and Elizabeth Anne Davis, Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! March 19 School of Social Science Muneko Otari, Jennifer Leshnower, November 1 Princeton University; Member, School of Social Discussion of readings by Angel Adams Parham, Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences Sarah Adams, Nicole Johnson, and Ethnography and Theory Reading Group ! Science Loyola University, and Danielle Allen, UPS Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Naomi May 1 Sebastian Currier, Artist-in-Residence Joseph D. Hankins, University of California, Foundation Professor, School of Social Science Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Aaron M. Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Love San Diego; Member, School of Social Science, December 11 McCright and Riley E. Dunlap, and Myanna in the Anthropocene ! Dale Jamieson, New October 18 and Manuela Lavinas Picq, Universidad San Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences February 19 Lahsen York University; Member, School of Social Public Policy Lecture ! What Rules Should Francisco de Quito; Member, School of Social Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Dale Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences Science (joint work with Bonnie Nadzam) Govern Drones and the Broader “War” on Terror ! Science Jamieson, New York University; Member, Seminar ! Discussion of readings by David I. March 25 Ken Roth, Executive Director, Human Rights School of Social Science, and Richard York, Grazian, University of Pennsylvania; Member, Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Jeffrey Ethnography and Theory Reading Group ! Watch November 7 University of Oregon; Member, School of School of Social Science, and Joseph P. Masco, Flynn, Fordham University; Member, School of Discussion of readings by Sverker Sörlin, KTH Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Is Social Science The University of Chicago; Member, School Social Science Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm; October 20 Development in Africa Impossible? Pharmaceutical of Social Science Member, School of Social Science, and Joseph P. Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert ! Manufacturing in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania ! December 12 March 27 Masco, The University of Chicago; Member, American Brass ! Jerry Bryant, trumpet; Nitsan Chorev, Brown University; Member, Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! February 20 Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Is School of Social Science Donald Batchelder, trumpet; Judy-Yin-Chi School of Social Science Orientalism as a “Philology of the Real”: On the Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! Moral Status Self-Extending? ! Mark Greif, The Lee, horn; Vernon Post, trombone; and Objects of Semitic Studies, ca. 1860–1930 ! Whose Time is It? A Global History of Unifying New School; Member, School of Social Science May 5 –7 Andrew Bove, tuba November 11 Henning Trüper, Centre de Recherches Clocks, Calendars, and Social Times, 1870s–1940s ! Ethnography and Policing Workshop ! Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Historiques, École des Hautes Études en Vanessa Ogle, University of Pennsylvania; April 2 Organized by Didier Fassin, James D. October 25 Discussion of reading by Joseph D. Hankins, Sciences Sociales, Paris; Member, School of Member, School of Social Science Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences Wolfensohn Professor, School of Social Science Public Lecture ! The Past, Present, and Future of University of California, San Diego; Member, Social Science Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Anna Economic Convergence ! Dani Rodrik, Albert O. School of Social Science February 26 Lowenhaupt Tsing and Mario Diani May 7 Hirschman Professor, School of Social Science January 13 Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences November 13 Unthematic Seminar Reading Group ! Cristina Beltrán, New York University; April 3 Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Joseph P. October 30 Environmental Turn and the Human Sciences Discussion of reading by Yvonne Chiu, The Member, School of Social Science Social Science Thursday Lunch Seminar ! What Masco, The University of Chicago; Member, Friends Forum ! Ellsworth Kelly’s Dream of Seminar ! Discussion of readings by Nikhil University of Hong Kong; Member, School of Kind of a (Social) Science is Economics? ! Dani School of Social Science, and Ann McGrath, Anonymity ! Yve-Alain Bois, Professor, School Anand, University of Minnesota; Member, Social Science Rodrik, Albert O. Hirschman Professor, School The Australian National University; Member, of Historical Studies School of Social Science, and Joseph D. of Social Science School of Social Science Hankins, University of California, San Diego; Member, School of Social Science

76 77 November 8 January 11 April 5 AMIAS Lecture ! Age of Networks ! Jennifer Princeton Symphony Orchestra ! American Repertory Ballet ! Family Program ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Chayes, Managing Director of Microsoft Family Concert ! Strings (for the year ended June 30, 2014) Research New England and April 11 January 27 Friends Culture and Cuisine ! Food of Life: AMIAS Lecture ! How Should We Think Term II Member Welcome Dinner Ancient Persian and Modern Iranian Cooking and About Freedom? ! Quentin Skinner, Barber Ceremonies ! Najmieh Batmanglij, Iranian- Beaumont Professor of the Humanities, Queen January 28 American Chef and Author THE INSTITUTEFOR ADVANCED STUDY IS INDEBTED TO ITS FOUNDERS and to all of its subsequent benefactors Mary, University of London Artists Present ! The Brothers Vonnegut ! Ginger Strand, Writer April 15 for providing a strong financial foundation from which to pursue its mission of fundamental research in the sciences and November 10 Art History Lecture ! Neither Breakthrough nor humanities without pressure for immediate results. We are deeply grateful to the Simons Foundation and the Charles and Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert ! February 4 Breakdown ! Aden Kumler, Associate Professor Baroque and Blue ! Chelsea Knox, flute; Art History Lecture ! Malevich’s Nervous of Art History, The University of Chicago Lisa Simonyi Fund for Arts and Sciences for their $100 million challenge grant, the largest gift to the Institute since those Renate Rohlfing, piano System ! Briony Fer, History of Art Professor, made by its Founders, Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld. This challenge grant serves as the basis for the University College London April 16 November 13 Friends Forum ! The Moral Challenge to $200 million Campaign for the Institute, intended to strengthen its position for future generations of scholars and scientists. Public Lecture ! Rethinking Barbarian Invasions February 7–8 Europe ! Kim Lane Scheppele, Joint Through Genomic History ! Patrick J. Geary, Edward T. Cone Concert Series ! The Brahms- Member, School of Historical Studies and Professor, School of Historical Studies Ligeti Connection ! Nunc Ensemble: School of Social Science Miranda Cuckson, violin; Michael Centennial Council November 15 Atkinson, horn; Blair McMillen, piano April 26 We especially wish to recognize members of the Centennial Council, whose level of annual support or lifetime giving Friends Culture and Cuisine ! The Rise and Fall Science for Families ! Stars and Supernovae ! places them among our most generous individual donors. of French Cuisine in the United States ! Paul Edward T. Cone Concert Series Talk ! The Boaz Katz, Member, School of Natural Freedman, Chester D. Tripp Professor of Brahms-Ligeti Connection ! Miranda Cuckson, Sciences History, Yale University violin; Michael Atkinson, horn; Blair Anonymous (2) Vera Sharpe Kohn† Robert B. Menschel McMillen, piano; Sebastian Currier, April 30 + November 16 Artist-in-Residence AMIAS End of Term Social Jeffrey P. Bezos Dr. and Mrs. Spiro Latsis Annette Merle-Smith Science for Families ! The Smallest Particles ! Mr.+ and Mrs. Richard B. Black Dr. Lee Seng Tee Nancy B. Peretsman+ and Robert W. Scully Robbert Dijkgraaf February 22 May 2 , Director and Leon Levy Addie and Harold Broitman Sarah and Martin+ L. Leibowitz Elena Petronio Professor, Institute for Advanced Study Midwinter Party for Faculty, Members, and Staff Public Lecture ! Climate, Conflict, and Historical + Method ! Nicola Di Cosmo, Luce Foundation Mrs. Ann Lee Saunders Brown Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin David M. Rubenstein November 19 February 24 Professor, School of Historical Studies Helen and Martin+ Chooljian Nancy+ and Duncan MacMillan Eric+ and Wendy Schmidt Artists Present ! Life Forms ! Judy Fox, Art History Lecture ! Paul Klee, Wilhelm + + + Sculptor Hausenstein, and the “Problem of Style” ! Charles May 9 Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss David F. Marquardt James and Marilyn Simons Mark Haxthausen, Robert Sterling Clark AMIAS Public Lecture ! (dis)honesty ! Dan Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.+ Hamish Maxwell+† Dr.+ and Mrs. Charles Simonyi November 20 Professor of Art History, Williams College Ariely, James B. Duke Professor of Psychology and Annette L. Nazareth Mr.+† and Mrs. Ladislaus von Hoffmann Friends Fireside Chat ! The Business Case for and Behavioral Economics, + Robert and Luisa Fernholz + + Diversity ! Luke Visconti, C.E.O., DiversityInc February 26 Current Institute for Advanced Study Trustee Shelby White + or Trustee Emeritus ! ! Mr. John S. Hendricks + Friends Forum Music and Image Sebastian May 28 † James and Elaine Wolfensohn November 22–23 Currier, Artist-in-Residence Friends Annual Meeting and Picnic and Mrs. Maureen D. Hendricks Deceased Edward T. Cone Concert Series ! Musical Geographies ! Lara St. John, violin; Martin March 9 May 30 Kennedy, piano Princeton Symphony Orchestra Concert ! Staff Picnic Campaign for the Institute Roomful of Teeth Vocal Ensemble Edward T. Cone Concert Series Talk ! Lara All gifts, grants, and pledges of capital and operating support made by individuals, foundations, and corporations for the St. John, Martin Kennedy, and Sebastian March 12 Institute’s core activities are counted on a dollar-for-dollar basis against the $100 million Simons and Simonyi Challenge, Currier, Artist-in-Residence S. T. Lee Public Lecture ! After Syria: The Future and help the Institute meet its $200 million goal. of the Responsibility to Protect ! Gareth Evans, December 4 Chancellor of the Australian National Public Lecture ! What’s Next? ! Nathan University and former Foreign Minister of MAJOR DONORS Fernholz Foundation Fowler Merle-Smith Family Charitable Seiberg, Professor, School of Natural Sciences Australia TO THE CAMPAIGN Gerda Henkel Stiftung Lead Trust FOR THE INSTITUTE Microsoft Matching Gifts Program December 9 March 25 Debora Russo Haines, Esq. Art History Lecture ! Orientations in Renaissance Artists Present ! Seeing the Unseen: Films on Anonymous (2) and John R. Haines The Ambrose Monell Foundation Art ! Alexander Nagel, Professor of Fine Death, Decay, and Sex ! Pawel Wojtasik, American Council of Learned Societies John and Maureen Hendricks Charitable The New York Community Trust, Arts, New York University Filmmaker Victoria and Hank Bjorklund Foundation Maxwell Family Fund Bob and Lynn Johnston The New York Community Trust, December 11 March 26 Mr. and Mrs. Richard B. Black Dr. and Mrs. Spiro J. Latsis Scheide Fund Friends Forum ! Looking Beyond Technological Public Lecture ! Univalent Foundations: Helen and Martin Chooljian Novartis International AG Fixes: A Sociological Perspective on Climate New Foundations in Mathematics ! Vladimir Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Dr. Lee Seng Tee ! † Elena Petronio Change Richard York, Friends of the Institute Voevodsky, Professor, School of Mathematics Cathryn Clary Joseph Lehner Member, School of Social Science Riksbankens Jubileumsfond Harry and Helen Cohen Charitable Sarah and Martin L. Leibowitz March 31 Rita Allen Foundation December 16 S. T. Lee Public Lecture ! Maiden Voyage: Foundation Leon Levy Foundation Children’s Holiday Party The Senzaimaru and the Creating of Modern The Edward T. Cone Foundation Nancy and Duncan MacMillan The Rockefeller Foundation Sino-Japanese Relations ! Joshua A. Fogel, The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation The MacMillan Family Foundation Inc. The Jeannie Tseng and Colin Rust December 20 Professor, York University Charitable Fund of the Vanguard David F. Marquardt Institute Community Holiday Party Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. Charitable Endowment Program and Annette L. Nazareth

78 79 MAJOR DONORS Inga Karliner and John Thaler Other Major Donors Friends of the Institute TO THE CAMPAIGN Sigurdur Helgason The Institute is also grateful to the following FOR THE INSTITUTE (continued) Our sincere gratitude is extended to the Friends of the Institute, whose unrestricted gifts make a great difference. We welcome new Friends and Theodore P. Hurwitz foundations, government agencies, institutions, in memory of John Bahcall express particular appreciation to members of the Founders’, Chairman’s, Director’s, and 25th Anniversary Circles. The Scully Peretsman Foundation and other organizations for their generous Helene L. Kaplan Simons Foundation support of fundamental research and outreach Zheindl Lehner activities: FOUNDERS’ CIRCLE 25TH ANNIVERSARY CIRCLE Elisabeth A. Bish The Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund for in memory of Joseph Lehner Ted and Jane Boyer Arts and Sciences Carnegie Corporation of New York Helen and Martin Chooljian Georg and Joyce Albers-Schonberg Christoph Rode Computing Research Association Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss Bijan Ardehali and Jennifer Wolffert Mark Branon M.D. and Sarah Branon Spencer Foundation Eugene R. Speer Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Jonathan and Anna Horner The Len and Laura Berlik Foundation, Georgianna Brennan Starr Foundation Pat Kelsh Woolf Account of the Fidelity Mrs. James E. Burke European Research Council Rosanna W. Jaffin Inc. Peter Svennilson Charitable Gift Fund Pernilla and James Burke Math for America Louise and John Steffens Helena and Peter Bienstock Fritz Thyssen Stiftung Mr. and Mrs. Norman (Pete) Callaway The following donors made gifts or grants of Harold and Addie Broitman The Tomalla Foundation for Gravity Mills College operating support to the Institute. Cedar Fund of the Princeton Area Research National Aeronautics and Space CHAIRMAN’S CIRCLE Ashvin B. Chhabra Community Foundation and Daniela Bonafede-Chhabra Drs. Marilyn and Scott Tremaine Anonymous (3) Administration Mrs. Ann Lee Saunders Brown Lena Chang, Ph.D. Vicky and Brad Corrodi Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Anonymous National Endowment for the Melanie and John Clarke Dr. and Mrs. Paul H. Chew in honor of Joan Scott Humanities Audrey and David Egger * The Wolfensohn Family Foundation Morton and Donna Collins Maryann Chibbaro AmazonSmile Foundation National Radio Astronomy Observatory Dana† and Janet† Fearon Mr. Brian F.Wruble Arthur and Janet Eschenlauer Charles and Cindy Clark Helena and Peter Bienstock Robert and Luisa Fernholz and Ms. Kathleen W. Bratton National Science Foundation Carl and Toby Feinberg Mr. Elliot Cohen Ms. Constance R. Caplan National Security Agency Emily and Johan Firmenich Michael Curtis and Judith Brodsky Carnegie Corporation of New York Debora Russo Haines, Esq. OTHER DONORS TO THE CAMPAIGN Princeton University and John R. Haines Lor and Michael Gehret Patti and Eliot Daley Linda L. Cooper Jan and Elly de Boer FOR THE INSTITUTE in honor of Helen Goddard Alfred P. Sloan Foundation John J. and Nora Wren Kerr Tina and Bill Greenberg * Rysia de Ravel The following donors made gifts or pledges Enes Dedovic Smithsonian Institute Astrophysical Vera Sharpe Kohn Gregory and Lisa Hopper Pepper and Liza deTuro* to the Friends Endowment. Mikhail Grinberg Giving Account of the Observatory Deborah R. Lunder Brandon and Lynette Hull Hans and Katja De Ruyter Catherine G. Fleming Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Space Telescope Science Institute and Dr. Alan Ezekowitz Steven and Florence Kahn Carmela Vircillo Franklin U.S.-Israel Binational Science Stephen F. DeAngelis and Beverly Tina and Bill Greenberg Elinor Lunder Russell and Helene Kulsrud Brossoie* Aristides W. Georgantas Foundation Debora Russo Haines, Esq. Nancy and Duncan MacMillan Peter Lighte and Julian Grant James and Thalia Deneen and John R. Haines Tina and Bill Greenberg Unites States Department of Energy * Annette Merle-Smith Kevin and Tamara MacMillan Peter Dougherty and Elizabeth Hock Robert and Cynthia Hillas Charitable Gift in memory of the mother of Florence Kahn West Virginia University Research Elena Petronio Jackie and Cy Meisel Marlene and Aiden Doyle Fund of the Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Vartan Gregorian Corporation * Pamela and Brian Hughes Professor Benedict H. Gross John Rassweiler J.A. Padhoven Fund of the Princeton Jean and Jon Durbin Area Community Foundation * Bob and Lynn Johnston and Dr. Jill P. Mesirov Philip W. Riskin Charitable Foundation Erin Enright and Stuart Essig Florence and Steven Kahn James F. Hawkins Inc. John and Caroline Pallat Ruth Fath * The John J. Kerr, Jr. and Nora Wren Kerr Matthew Jenkins Michael and Melanie Rauch Sean and Ana Fieler Charitable Gift Fund of the Peter R. Kann DIRECTOR’S CIRCLE Tilden Reeder and Cynthia Groya Martin and Jane Fransson* Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Samuel H. Kress Foundation Elizabeth Harkins Baughan Sanderson Family Fund of the Ira and Karen Fuchs John and Ann McGoldrick Labrador Advisors LLC Mark Baumgartner* Princeton Area Community David H. Fulmer, M.D. Elena Petronio Foundation and Carol Ann Fulmer Libra Services Limited Donald and Shari Black Carolyn and George Sanderson Dr. Elliott and Ruth Sigal John S. Furlong* Norman and Armena Macartney Antonio Elmaleh and Anne Williams Steve J. Mariotti Caroline and Helmut Weymar Steve and Linda Gecha The following donors made gifts or pledges to Rachel D. Gray Evelyn and Robert Geddes Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Evan and Rosalie Wolarsky the Artist-in-Residence Endowment. Foundation Thomas and Archer Harvey Aristides W. Georgantas Loretta A. Brooks Tari Pantaleo Cynthia and Robert Hillas Alix Gerry* FRIENDS William Garrett Pew Charitable Trusts Bob and Lynn Johnston Ann and Lee Gladden Anonymous Gary Irvine Pfizer Foundation Landon and Sarah Jones Dr. Mark Glasgold Alexander Ackley, Jr.* Amy Ramsey and William Crow Peter W. Riola Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin Chad Goerner Reichelderfer-Blair Fund of the Princeton Mr. and Mrs. Ernest J. Anastasio in memory of Martha Stacy Riola Jane and Robert MacLennan Fred and Selma Goldstein Area Community Foundation Scott Seramur Stephen Anderson and Clara F. B.F. Graham Charles W. McCutchen Richardson Harold T. and Vivian Shapiro Dr. and Mrs. Milton H. Grannatt The following donors made gifts or pledges to John and Ann McGoldrick Robert Aresty in honor of the ninetieth birthday of Nadivah and David Greenberg other endowment funds. Dr. and Mrs. David Atkin Professor Emeritus Peter Paret Michael and Pamela Morandi Mr. and Mrs. Peter Hagan Anonymous Joan Bartl Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Harold T. and Vivian Shapiro Joan and Jack Hall The Birkelund Fund Studies Leonard E. Baum Fritz Stern Fund II of the Princeton George H. Hansen M.D.* in memory of Ike Kohn Marissa and Jesse Treu Jane Crawford Baumgardner* Area Community Foundation T. Randolph Harris and Barbara A. Sloan The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Punam and Tanmay Vachaspati Robert and Susan Beckman Nancy and James Utaski Norman R. Harvey in recognition of Giles Constable Peeranut Visetsuth John and Marsha Beidler* Louise and John Wellemeyer H. James and Carol P. Herring Elizabeth S. Ettinghausen The Whitman Family Foundation Vicky and Dick Bergman Jamie and Kathy Herring Harold and Catherine Falk John Wu * Toni Besselaar New Friend David R. and Kristina H. Hill* † Deceased

80 81 FRIENDS OF THE INSTITUTE Reichelderfer-Blair Fund of the Current and Former Members in memory of Louis Auslander Freydoon Shahidi Bill Casselman (continued) Princeton Area Community and Visitors Robert L. Bryant and Réymundo A. Filippo Cesarano Foundation Garcia A. Mark Smith Dr. John W. Chambers Zaki and Liz Hosny Millard McAdoo Riggs, Jr. We are grateful to our Faculty and Faculty Raffaella Cribiore in memory of Marshall Clagett H. F. Chau Emeriti and current and former Members, Pamela and Brian Hughes Charles Rippin H. A. Drake Ronald J. and Sharon M. Stern Huaiyu Chen Visitors, and Research Assistants for their Maria Chudnovsky and Daniel Panner Alexander Jones and Catherine Haines Richard and Meta Robertson Koichiro Harada Mary Lee Townsend Wolf Joffe Nancy and Will Robins* valuable financial support. Forrest D. Colburn The Maurice H. Heins Living Trust Hung-Sheng Tsao and Sou-Tung Chiu- Joan Breton Connelly Robert Wood Johnson Jr. Fund of the * Tsao Aldo and Debbi Roldan Richard V. Kadison Linda L. Cooper Princeton Area Community Kermit and Priscilla Roosevelt OPPENHEIMER CIRCLE in honor of the ninetieth birthday of Punam and Tanmay Vachaspati Foundation in honor of Helen Goddard James and Emily Rose Anonymous (2) Professor Emeritus Freeman Dyson Vijay K. Vadakkekurputh Drs. Maria and Bruno Coppi Lawrence and Deborah Jordan Irwin and Cecilia Rosenblum* Stephen L. Adler Joshua T. Katz on behalf of V.K. Balachandran Joseph E. Davis Charles and Susan Kalmbach Mr. and Mrs. Dudley Ryan Joseph Blasi, Nancy Bonus, Dr. and Mrs. John Ying-Kuen Kwan Howard D. Weinbrot John Manuel de Figueiredo Dr. Allen H. Kassof in memory of Rui J.P. de Figueiredo, Sr. Bernard and Ingrid Saint-Donat and Teddy Bonus Blasi Erika Michael Hung-Hsi Wu Howard Keller and Helen Keller Mayke de Jong Jeri and Scott Schaefer The Blunt Trust in memory of Ernest A. Michael Quentin and Peggy Kelly Percy Deift John P. Schmidt Doug Niebur DONORS Avedis and Laura Khachadurian Christian Borgs in memory of Atle Selberg The Harold G. and Nancy A. Diamond Gifts Eduardo and Anne Marie Schur Anonymous (32) Fund of the T. Rowe Price Program for Ludwig M. Koerte Prof. Sir David Cannadine Andrew P. Ogg Boot and Lauren Seem Anonymous (2) Charitable Giving Joseph and Lorraine Koffman Sun-Yung A. Chang and Paul C. Yang Siobhan Roberts in honor of Nicola Di Cosmo Ruby and Dinesh Sharma Laurence Dickey Gail Kohn Jennifer Chayes Paul Rorem and Kate Skrebutenas Anonymous Lajos Diósi Robert and Mollie Sheppard Ugur and Ayse Koyluoglu Stanley and Regine Corngold Konstantin Sonin in honor of Heinrich von Staden Walter Dittrich Josh and Mariah Silva Anonymous Sam and Casey Lambert Lily Harish-Chandra in honor of Eric Maskin Robert S. Doran Bruce Smith* in honor of Michael Walzer in memory of Paul J. Sally Jonah T. and Amy B. Lansky Tsuneo Tamagawa David E. Smith A. J. Hildebrand William Abikoff Vladimir Drinfeld Randall Larrimore and Cathy Cutright* Laurence Taylor Diane Cole Ahl and Kenneth Ahl Inge and Sundaresa Srinivasan Nancy Hingston and Jovi Tenev Andrew Drucker Jeffrey and Yuki Moore Laurenti Lou van den Dries in honor of Irving Lavin Ellen and Albert Stark Foundation Fund Christopher Jones Pierre du Prey Perry Leavell and Barbara Oberg Dr. John H. Walter John Ahner Vincent Dubois of the Princeton Area Community Mikhail Kogan Robert Amdur Richard J. and Neil Ann S. Levine Foundation Bruce Eastwood Rob Kusner Susan Ames Maxine and Fraser Lewis FLEXNER CIRCLE Allan Edmonds Caren Sturges in memory of David B. Kusner Nathanael Andrade Walter H. Lippincott Marissa and Jesse Treu Anonymous (2) Robert D. Edwards Henry J. Landau and Julia Landau Professor Bulent Atalay Richard Ehrenborg * † John Baines Marco Londei and Liqun Wang Gail and Richard Ullman in memory of Harry Woolf Francis Giles Auchmuty in honor of Robert MacPherson † Vladimir Berkovich Peter and Marlene Lucchesi Taysen Van Itallie and Jane Scott William E. Lang Vivian and Nils Baas and Mark Goresky Dr. and Mrs. Gregory Lutz Joan and Joseph Birman Foundation John Ball Christiane Eisenberg Drs. Welmoet and Daniel P. Van The Steven A. Mansbach and Julia E. Kammen* David Brydges José Barros Neto Dyan Elliott William C. Martin Frane Charitable Fund of the Schwab Michael and Cecilia Mathews Professor Erik Vanmarcke Calabi Fund of The Philadelphia Steve Batterson David Eng and Teemu Ruskola Fund for Charitable Giving Rainer Bauböck Susan G. Anable and John F. McCarthy, III and Marilyn Durkee Foundation T. Evergates Martha and George Vaughn Fouad J. Masrieh Chaitin Charitable Fund at Schwab in memory of Albert O. Hirschman Michele Faraguna Mr. and Mrs. James R. McKinney Gail Bederman Jay and Harriet Vawter Katsuhiro Minemura Charitable Fund Graham Farmelo Chris and Andrea Mecray Marcel Benabou Alex J. Feingold Marue E. Walizer* Reba K. Orszag Gift Fund of the Charles W. Curtis John and Dorothy Meggitt Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Professor Peter L. Duren Paul Benacerraf in honor of Edward Witten Theodore and Fong Wei Fund of the Regina Bendix Meg Brinster Michael in memory of Steven A. Orszag Dr. George A. Elliott Lisa Florman Princeton Area Community Alan E. Bernstein Carlos Forment Professor Richard Miles Foundation Karl and Anne Morrison Glenn and Sara Ellison and Dr. Susan McCoy Elizabeth Bernstein John Freed Philip and Elizabeth Wey Mehrdad Fallahzadeh Dr. Salvatore A. Monaco John Polking Dr. Herbert J. Bernstein Peter G. O. Freund Laura and Roscoe White Dr. Paul Forman Jeremy Bernstein Caroline and Roger Moseley Gopal and Indu Prasad Carlos A. P. Galvão Sharon and Russ White Ruth and Murray Gerstenhaber Henry and Leigh Bienen David J. Garrow Stephen Moseley and Whitney Ross Marcel Roethlisberger Ralph R. Widner Kristen Ghodsee Thomas Bisson Robert Geraci Paul J. Sally, Jr. † Alexander Moskwa, M.D. * in honor of Joan Scott’s retirement David Bjelajac Dr. Israel Gershoni and Elaine Elliott-Moskwa, Ph.D. Robert and Kathleen Zatta William Sewell Prof. A. Graeser David Blank Sharon E.J. Gerstel Sean and Hilary Murray Mr. and Mrs. Steven Zipperstein in honor of Christian Habicht Eugene Sorets Robert Guralnick Marian Gidea * Philip Bond Drs. Robyn and Daniel Notterman Thomas and Bridget Spencer Thomas Hegghammer Carol Gluck CONTRIBUTIONS TO FRIENDS Larissa Bonfante Peter B. Golden Dr. Ferris Olin Stephen Tracy and June Allison in honor of Patricia Crone Steve and Mimi Omiecinski Barbara Chancellor James J. Bono Paul R. Goldin Loring W. Tu Charitable Gift Fund of Ron Irving Constance Brittain Bouchard Mary and Bill O'Shaughnessy Dr. Rebecca F. Notterman Daniel and Ryoko Goldston the Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Hsu-Tung Ku and Mei-Chin Ku Alan C. and Pamela Bowen Richard J. Gonsalves Dr. and Mrs. C. Papastephanou Carl D. Reimers and Bob Williams Judy Lieberman William N. Brandt Roe W. Goodman Jean and Larry Parsons Helmut Maier Susan J. Brison MATCHING GIFTS TO FRIENDS in memory of Lesley Sibner Cameron Gordon John and Dee Patberg Inkyung Yi Wijnand W. Mijnhardt John B. Bronzan Neve Gordon Fayne Petok Becton Dickinson Maria Teresa Marabini Moevs Christer Bruun Ulrich Görtz Exxon Mobil Foundation Zhou Zou Woody and Jacquie Phares Minoru Murai Nicholas Buchdahl Andrew P. Gould Goldman Sachs & Co. Matching Gift J. Christoph Bürgel C. Mark Pirrung Knut W. Nörr Bruce Grant Program AYDELOTTE CIRCLE Daniela L. Caglioti in memory of Albert O. Hirschman George Pitcher W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Yves Capdeboscq Bernard Grossman Dorothy and Charles Plohn, Jr. Anonymous Isabelle Schulte-Tenckhoff Vicki Caron Fernande Auslander † Deceased

82 83 Current and Former Members and Visitors (continued) Einstein Legacy Society Richard Donald Schafer D.T. Potts N.J. Slabbert Dr. Sebastian Prignitz Erich Gruen Farshid Minbashian Bhama Srinivasan The Einstein Legacy Society was established in Chuu-Lian Terng and Richard S. Palais Dr. Adele Reinhartz Paul A. Hanle Carlos Julio Moreno Rosemary Stanfield-Johnson 1996 to honor those who have made a planned Franklin K. Toker Dr. Gil H. Renberg Günter Harder Dr. Benjamin Muckenhoupt in honor of Patricia Crone gift to the Institute for Advanced Study, or Grazia Tonelli Dr. Sabine Schmidtke Joel Hass and Abigail Austin Thompson William Mulligan Harold M. Stark Charitable Fund of the informed the Institute of a bequest intention or Marilyn and Scott Tremaine Professor Joan W. Scott Charles W. Haxthausen Melvyn B. Nathanson Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund other provision in their estate plans. The Society Professor and Mrs. V.S. Varadarajan Mr. Ronald Smeltzer Helmut Heit Andrew Neitzke Jim Stasheff takes its name from Albert Einstein, Institute Professor C. Franciscus Verellen Fritz Stern and Mrs. Isabelle M. Verellen Vittorio Hosle Y. Jack Ng Clarence F. Stephens Faculty member, 1933–55. Einstein Legacy Dr. Giovanni Tarantino Morton G. White Ryoshi Hotta Martti Nissinen George Sterman Society Members include Trustees, Faculty and Gerhard Thür Brian F. Wruble Robert C. Howell Yong-Geun Oh Gerald Stourzh Faculty Emeriti, Friends, former Members and Grazia Tonelli Barry and Winnifred Sullivan Frans van Liere James Humphreys Peter Orlik Visitors, Staff, and other supporters. Hermann Hunger Sherry B. Ortner R. Richard Summerhill, Ph.D. Gifts-in-Kind Steven Vanderputten Susan Huntingdon Akos Ostor Xiaodong Sun Anonymous (3) Dr. Sitta von Reden Luc Illusie Leonard Parker Yuji Tachikawa Richard B. Black Professor Danielle S. Allen Professor Heinrich von Staden Bruce W. Jordan François Paschoud Earl J. Taft Enrico Bombieri Dr. John Baines Aihe Wang Seva Joukhovitski Marcus Payk Cynthia Talbot Addie and Harold Broitman Dr. Dirk Baltzly Lucius Wilmerding Padma Kaimal Michael G. Peletz William Thalmann Joseph E. Brown Dr. Leonid A. Beliaev Mr. Brian F. Wruble Vadim Kaloshin James V. Peters in honor of Heinrich von Staden Robert Butow Bloomberg Philanthropies and Ms. Kathleen W. Bratton Shmuel Kaniel Carl F. Petry Gerhard Thür Claude Calame Dr. Karen I. Blu Dieter Wuttke Goro C. Kato, V.L.S. David A. Pietz Ralph Tindell Helen and Martin Chooljian G. W. Bowersock Dr. Niza Yanay Takahiro Kawai Dr. Randall A. Poole Stuart and Clemencia Turner Getzel M. Cohen Dr. Ursula B. Brosseder Chen-Pang Yeang Dennis Kehoe D.T. Potts Martin M. Tweedale Giles Constable Professor Mehmet Bulut Woong-Tae Kim Martin Powers Salil Vadhan John W. Dawson Jr. Mr. Dan Burt Professorships, Ryuichiro Kitano Drazen Prelec and Danica Mijovic-Prelec E. P. J. van den Heuvel Hedwig C.H. Dekker Professor Angelos Chaniotis Memberships, and Other H. Klingen William L. Pressly Philip and Arachne van der Eijk in memory of Professor Jacob C.E. Dekker William J. Connell Ronald J. Knill D. Ramachandran Frans van Liere Professor William Doyle, FBA Joan Breton Connelly Dedicated Funds Karin Knorr Cetina Orest Ranum Jiri Vanicek Masaaki Eguchi Dr. Frank Costigliola The Institute expresses its continuing gratitude Jürgen Kocka Claudia Rapp in honor of Arnold J. Levine Janet and Arthur Eschenlauer Mark Cruse † to donors who have provided support through Christopher Kolda in honor of Glen Bowersock William A. Veech and Kathryn L. Veech Carl Faith Professor María Paz de Hoz Denis Kozlov Richard T. Rapp Jonathan Wahl Graham Farmelo Dr. Anastasi Drandaki these endowed funds and through gifts and Robert Krasny Margaret A. Readdy The Walsh Charitable Fund of the Ayco Carl and Toby Feinberg Sir John and Lady Elliott pledges of operating support. Charitable Foundation Derek Krueger in honor of Robert MacPherson Dr. Cloudy (Klaus-Dietrich) Fischer Mehrdad Fallahzadeh Aihe Wang Anna Krylova and Mark Goresky Dr. Paul Forman‡ Graham Farmelo ENDOWED PROFESSORSHIPS Ping Wang John Labute Theodore Reff Lor and Michael Gehret Professor Didier Fassin Seth L. Warner Richard Black Professorship Michele Lamont Juhyung Rhi Peter and Helen Goddard Lisa Florman Arthur G. Wasserman Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professorship in memory of Albert O. Hirschman Carl Riehm Rachel D. Gray Robert E. Frye in memory of Connor Lazarov Albert O. Hirschman Professorship Paul Langacker James B. Rives Betty W. (Tina) Greenberg Lor and Michael Gehret Kenneth M. Watson IBM von Neumann Professorship Menachem and Abby Lazar Joseph Roitberg Phillip A. Griffiths Dr. Lionel Gossman Brian Wecht George F. Kennan Professorship Sharon Lazarov Dr. John C. Rouman Robert M. Guralnick Dr. Danielle Gourevitch David Weinberg Leon Levy Professorship in memory of Connor Lazarov Zeev Rudnick Ralph E. Hansmann Terry Grabar Volker Weispfenning Harold F. Linder Professorship Robert and Nancy Lee Fund of the Fidelity Cihan Saclioglu Morton E. Harris Dr. Wendy Griswold Raymond Wells Luce Foundation Professorship in East Asian Charitable Gift Fund Stuart Samuel James F. Hawkins Professor and Mrs. Christian Habicht Marit Werenskiold Studies Renee Levine Melammed John Schrecker Sigurdur Helgason Dr. Rudolf Haensch Robert L. Wilson Herbert H. Maass Professorship Joan and Anthony Licata Alexia Schulz Rosanna W. Jaffin Dr. Yannis Hamilakis Deva Woodly Andrew W. Mellon Professorship Ming Chit Liu Gerald W. Schwarz Akio Kawauchi James Hankins Don Wyatt Charles Simonyi Professorship Elio Lo Cascio Erhard Seiler Tatsuo Kimura Kimberly Hart York-Peng and Cynthia Yao UPS Foundation Professorship Brandon C. Look in memory of Arthur S. Wightman George Labalme Jr. Kaja Harter-Uibopuu Mitsuru Yasuhara Hermann Weyl Professorship George Losoncy Ron and Hila Sela Dr. Florian Langenscheidt Dr. Colum P. Hourihane M. Crawford Young James D. Wolfensohn Professorship in Social Steve Lubow Rodney Y. Sharp Professor Jonathan I. Israel Science Paul Zanker Andrew MacFadyen Dr. Stephen S. Shatz Walter Lippincott ‡ Christopher P. Jones Jamal T. Manassah Agnes Sherman Eduard Zehnder Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Loughlin Dr. Mark Jurdjevic ENDOWED AND ANNUAL1 MEMBER Rachel Mandelbaum Allan J. Silberger Froma and George Zeitlin Robert MacPherson and Mark Goresky Dr. Marina Koumanoudi SUPPORT Dr. Michael McCord Yakov Sinai Steve Mariotti‡ Dr. Denis Kozlov Clinton McCrory Michael F. Singer Matching Gifts to Hamish Maxwell† Thomas Kühne American Council of Learned Societies Frederick Burkhardt Fellowship Patrick McGuinn Dr. Jonathan Skaff Loris and Bruce McKellar W. R. Laird Former IAS Members AMIAS Membership David McNeill Robert C. Sleigh, Jr. Annette Merle-Smith Professor Irving Lavin and Visitors John N. Bahcall Fellowship Michael McVaugh Neal Snyderman Lloyd† and Dorothy Moote Dr. Vasileios Marinis The Bell Companies Fellowship Brigitte Meijns Robert Socolow Fund of the Jewish Alexander P.D. Mourelatos Joel Migdal Communal Fund Goldman Sachs & Co. Matching Gift Program Addie and Harold Broitman Membership in John R. Melville-Jones Albert Nijenhuis Professor David Moon Philip M. Soergel Microsoft Matching Gifts Program (2) Biology Roberto J. Miatello Elena Petronio Professor Shmuel Moreh in honor of Giles Constable SIG: Susquehanna International Group Charles L. Brown Membership in Biology Joel Migdal John H. Rassweiler Professor Tatsuo Nakami in memory of Marcy Migdal Charles M. Sommerfield Millard M. Riggs Professor Paul Paret ‡ Indicates a new member of the Einstein Legacy Society Grace Marmor Spruch Margaret M. Miles Barbara Heard Roberts Professor Peter Paret 1 in memory of Finley A. Hooper in memory of Larry Spruch Annual gifts from July 1, 2013–June 30, 2014 Daniel H. Saracino Professor Marcus G. Plested † Henry and Judith Millon Dr. Aravind Srinivasan Deceased

84 85 ENDOWED AND ANNUAL1 MEMBER Gerda Henkel Stiftung Membership OTHER DEDICATED ENDOWMENTS SUPPORT The Herodotus Fund AND FUNDS FOUNDERS, TRUSTEES, AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD (continued) IBM Einstein Fellowships Ruth and Irving Adler Expository Lectures AND OF THE CORPORATION, 2013– 2014 Rosanna and Charles Jaffin Founders’ Circle in Mathematics Fund S.S. Chern Foundation for Mathematics Member Adler Family Fund Research Fund W. M. Keck Foundation Fund Artist-in-Residence Endowment Founders Jeffrey A. Harvey William H. Sewell, Jr. Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Founders’ Hans Kohn Membership The Broitman Foundation Fund Enrico Fermi Distinguished Service Professor Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service Louis Bamberger Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Professor Emeritus of Political Science Circle Member Martin L. and Sarah F. Leibowitz Edward T. Cone Concert Series Endowment Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Membership Membership Caroline Bamberger Fuld Physics and History, Department of Political Science R. Llewelyn Davies Fund The University of Chicago Martin A. and Helen Chooljian Membership William D. Loughlin Membership The University of Chicago Gladys Krieble Delmas Endowment Chicago, Illinois Chicago, Illinois in Biology Anneliese Maier Research Award Board and Corporate Officers Fund Trustee through May 3, 2014 Neil Chriss and Natasha Herron Chriss The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fund Ky Fan and Yu-Fen Fan Endowment Charles Simonyi John S. Hendricks Founders’ Circle Visiting Professor Founder Harold T. Shapiro The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Chairman of the Board Edward T. Cone Membership in Music Discovery Communications President Emeritus and Professor of Fellowships for Assistant Professors Endowment Studies Martin L. Leibowitz Silver Spring, Maryland Economics and Public Affairs The Ambrose Monell Foundation Professor Harish-Chandra Endowment Corning Glass Works Foundation Fellowship Vice Chairman of the Board and Princeton University National Aeronautics and Space IAS Land Endowment Peter R. Kann George William Cottrell, Jr., Membership Administration President of the Corporation Princeton, New Jersey Robert and Lynn Johnston Fund Chairman and CEO (retired) Trustee through May 3, 2014 Roger Dashen Membership NASA Einstein Fellowship Program Kresge Challenge Fund James H. Simons Dow Jones & Company, Incorporated The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation National Endowment for the Humanities Vice Chairman of the Board New York, New York James H. Simons Dr. S.T. Lee Fund for Historical Studies Membership National Radio Astronomy Observatory Chairman of the Board, Renaissance Brian F. Wruble Spiro J. Latsis Deutsche Bank Membership Jansky Fellowship Leon Levy Book Fund Technologies LLC, and President, Euclidean Mary Marquand Endowment Treasurer of the Corporation President Capital LLC Elizabeth and J. Richardson Dilworth National Science Foundation SETE SA Marston Morse Memorial Fund New York, New York Fellowship Natural Sciences Membership Fund John Masten Geneva, Switzerland New Initiatives Fund Willis F. Doney Membership Otto Neugebauer Fund Assistant Treasurer Charles Simonyi Martin L. Leibowitz The Ellentuck Fund Patrons’ Endowment Fund Erwin Panofsky Fund Chairman and Chief Technology Officer Nancy S. MacMillan Managing Director European Commission Marie Curie Nancy Peretsman and Robert Scully Intentional Software Corporation Giorgio and Elena Petronio Fellowship Secretary of the Corporation Morgan Stanley Fellowship Endowment Bellevue, Washington Giorgio and Elena Petronio Fellowship II New York, New York Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., and Annette L. Public Policy Lecture Series Endowment Michael Gehret through March 19, 2014 Eric and Wendy Schmidt Membership in Peter Svennilson Nazareth Membership Biology Raymond and Beverly Sackler Colloquia in Frederick M. Van Sickle from May 12, 2014 Margaret Levi the School of Natural Sciences Assistant Secretary Founder and Managing Partner Fernholz Foundation Charles Simonyi Endowment Fund Director, Center for Advanced Study in Henry Schaerf Memorial Fund Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University The Column Group The Fiftieth Anniversary Fellowship in Social Space Telescope Science Institute Hubble The Board of Trustees and Professor of Political Science, Stanford San Francisco, California Science Fellowship Mr. and Mrs. William H. Scheide Artist-in- Residence Endowment University Shirley Tilghman Richard B. Fisher Membership The Starr Foundation East Asian Studies Victoria B. Bjorklund Jere L. Bacharach Professor Emerita of President Emerita, Professor of Molecular Friends of the Institute for Advanced Study Endowment Fund Simons Center for Systems Biology Retired Partner International Studies, Political Science, Biology and Public Affairs Membership Endowment Founder, Exempt-Organizations Group Louise and John Steffens Founders’ Circle University of Washington Princeton University Fund for Historical Studies Simons Foundation Endowment Fund Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP Member Stanford, California Princeton, New Jersey Charles and Lisa Simonyi Endowment Fund New York, New York Fund for Mathematics Frank and Peggy Taplin Membership Trustee from May 3, 2014 Trustee from May 3, 2014 Fund for Natural Sciences Karoly Simonyi Memorial Endowment Fund United States Department of Energy Cynthia Carroll The Sivian Fund Nancy S. MacMillan Shelby White Fund for Social Science U.S.–Israel Binational Science Foundation London, England The Starr Foundation Biology Endowment Publisher Trustee Felix Gilbert Membership The Oswald Veblen Fund Princeton Alumni Weekly Marvin L. Goldberger Membership Leo Usdan Fund Neil A. Chriss Leon Levy Foundation Edwin C. and Elizabeth A. Whitehead Princeton, New Jersey New York, New York Hetty Goldman Membership Fellowship Shelby White and Leon Levy Archives Founder and Chief Investment Officer David F. Marquardt Florence Gould Foundation Fund Wolfensohn Family Membership Endowment Hutchin Hill LP Marina v.N. Whitman Partner Wolf Foundation Prize Endowment New York, New York Professor of Business Administration Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro The James D. Wolfensohn Fund August Capital and Public Policy Membership Zurich Financial Services Membership Robbert Dijkgraaf Menlo Park, California Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Director and Leon Levy Professor Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy Membership Institute for Advanced Study Nancy B. Peretsman University of Michigan Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting Princeton, New Jersey Managing Director Ann Arbor, Michigan Professorship Allen & Company LLC Trustee through May 3, 2014 Mario Draghi New York, New York President, European Central Bank Brian F. Wruble Frankfurt, Germany Chairman Emeritus Professor Emeritus of Cosmology The Jackson Laboratory Roger W. Ferguson, Jr. and Astrophysics Key West, Florida President and Chief Executive Officer Astronomer Royal and Fellow of TIAA- CREF Trinity College Trustees Emeriti New York, New York University of Cambridge Cambridge, England Richard B. Black E. Robert Fernholz Martin A. Chooljian Founder David M. Rubenstein Chairman of the Investment Committee Co-Founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer Sidney D. Drell INTECH The Carlyle Group Vartan Gregorian Princeton, New Jersey Washington, D.C. Ralph E. Hansmann Carmela Vircillo Franklin James J. Schiro Helene L. Kaplan Professor of Classics, Columbia University Chairman of the Group Management Board David K.P. Li New York, New York and CEO of Zurich Financial Services (retired) Hamish Maxwell (deceased April 19, 2014) New York, New York Benedict H. Gross Ronaldo H. Schmitz 1 Annual gifts from July 1 2013–June 30, 2014 George Vasmer Leverett Professor Eric E. Schmidt Michel L. Vaillaud † of Mathematics Executive Chairman Deceased Harvard University Google Inc. Ladislaus von Hoffmann Cambridge, Massachusetts Mountain View, California James D. Wolfensohn, Chairman Emeritus

86 87 ADMINISTRATION, 2013– 2014 PRESENT AND PAST DIRECTORS (in order of service as of June 30, 2014)

Robbert Dijkgraaf Library Administration Computing, Director and Leon Levy Professor Telecommunications, Abraham Flexner · Frank Aydelotte Momota Ganguli and Networking J. Robert Oppenheimer · Carl Kaysen · Harry Woolf Karen Cuozzo Librarian, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Administration Executive Assistant to the Director Marvin L. Goldberger · Phillip A. Griffiths · Peter Goddard · Robbert Dijkgraaf Marcia Tucker Jeffrey Berliner Sile Bao Librarian, Historical Studies and Social Manager of Computing Special Assistant to the Director Science (also Coordinator of Information Access for Computing, Telecommunications, Brian Epstein and Networking Administration) Computer Manager Network and Security PRESENT AND PAST FACULTY John Masten Christine Di Bella Associate Director for Finance and Archivist Kevin Kelly (2013–2014 Faculty and Faculty Emeriti are in black) Administration Computer Manager School of Mathematics Mark Baumgartner Stephen L. Adler · James W. Alexander · Andrew E. Z. Alföldi · Danielle S. Allen Chief Investment Officer Jonathan Peele From January 6, 2014 School Administration Computer Manager Nima Arkani-Hamed · Michael F. Atiyah · John N. Bahcall · Arne K. A. Beurling · Yve-Alain Bois Information Technology Group Anthony Bordieri, Jr. Mary Jane Hayes Enrico Bombieri · Armand Borel · Jean Bourgain · Glen W. Bowersock Manager of Facilities Administrative Officer James Stephens School of Mathematics Computer Manager Caroline Walker Bynum · Luis A. Caffarelli · Angelos Chaniotis · Harold F. Cherniss · Marshall Clagett Michael Ciccone School of Natural Sciences Manager of Administrative Services Giles Constable · Patricia Crone · José Cutileiro · Roger F. Dashen · Pierre Deligne Donne Petito Administrative Officer Edna Wigderson Michael Klompus Nicola Di Cosmo · Freeman J. Dyson · Edward M. Earle · Albert Einstein · John H. Elliott School of Social Science Manager Manager of Human Resources Databases and Integration Didier Fassin · Patrick J. Geary · Clifford Geertz · Felix Gilbert · James F. Gilliam · Peter Goddard Michelle Sage Mary Mazza Administrative Officer Kurt Gödel · Hetty Goldman · Peter Goldreich · Oleg Grabar · Phillip A. Griffiths · Christian Habicht Comptroller School of Natural Sciences Harish-Chandra · Ernst Herzfeld · Albert O. Hirschman · Helmut Hofer · Lars V. Hörmander · Piet Hut Michel Reymond Suzanne P. Christen Chef/Manager, Dining Services Executive Director and Administrator Jonathan Israel · Ernst H. Kantorowicz · George F. Kennan · Robert P. Langlands · Irving Lavin The Simons Center for Systems Biology School of Natural Sciences Tsung-Dao Lee · Stanislas Leibler · Arnold J. Levine · Elias A. Lowe · Robert MacPherson

Michael Gehret Marian Gallagher Zelazny Juan Maldacena · Avishai Margalit · Eric S. Maskin · Jack F. Matlock, Jr. · Millard Meiss Associate Director for Development and Administrative Officer Benjamin D. Meritt · John W. Milnor · David Mitrany · Deane Montgomery · Marston Morse Public Affairs School of Historical Studies Through March 19, 2014 J. Robert Oppenheimer · Abraham Pais · Erwin Panofsky · Peter Paret · Tullio E. Regge Frederick M. Van Sickle Chief Development Officer Winfield W. Riefler · Dani Rodrik · Marshall N. Rosenbluth · Peter Sarnak · Joan Wallach Scott Associate Director for Development and Nathan Seiberg · Atle Selberg · Kenneth M. Setton · Carl L. Siegel · Thomas Spencer · Walter W. Stewart Public Affairs Programs From May 1, 2014 Catherine E. Giesbrecht Bengt G. D. Strömgren · Richard Taylor · Homer A. Thompson · Scott Tremaine · Kirk Varnedoe Program Officer Christine Ferrara Oswald Veblen · Vladimir Voevodsky · John von Neumann · Heinrich von Staden Senior Public Affairs Officer IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Michael Walzer · Robert B. Warren · André Weil · Hermann Weyl · Morton White · Arlen K. Hastings Catherine Fleming Senior Development Officer Executive Director, Science Initiative Group Avi Wigderson · · Edward Witten · Ernest Llewellyn Woodward

Pamela Hughes Chen Ning Yang · Shing-Tung Yau · Matias Zaldarriaga Senior Development Officer

Kelly Devine Thomas Senior Publications Officer

88 89 Institute for Advanced Study— Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation

Financial Statements June 30, 2014 and 2013 (With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon)

91 Independent Auditors’ Report STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013

Assets 2014 2013 ______

Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,287,954 5,457,600 The Board of Trustees Accounts receivable and other assets 1,564,127 1,029,779 Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation: Grants receivable 2,003,544 3,138,227 Contributions receivable—net 25,279,921 33,261,877 Unamortized debt issuance costs—net 570,689 625,490 We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Funds held by bond trustee 2,286,964 2,281,080 Fuld Foundation (the Institute), which comprise the statements of financial position as of June 30, 2014 and 2013, and the Beneficial interest in remainder trust 2,559,277 2,721,332 related statements of activities and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements. Land, buildings and improvements, equipment and rare book collection—net 82,274,435 74,496,930 Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements Investments 738,283,288 671,372,318 Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with U.S. ______generally accepted accounting principles; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control Total assets $ 858,110,199 794,384,633 relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due ______to fraud or error. Auditors’ Responsibility Liabilities and Net Assets Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in Liabilities: accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 7,846,617 7,875,196 and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material Deferred revenue 3,745,905 5,316,308 misstatement. Liabilities under split-interest agreements 2,347,588 2,245,464 An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Postretirement benefit obligation 15,086,961 13,175,092 The procedures selected depend on the auditors’ judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material Asset retirement obligation 1,035,257 1,005,070 misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor Bond swap liability 4,275,176 4,475,949 considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to Note payable 219,614 289,954 design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the Long-term debt, net of discount 63,656,953 66,050,034 ______effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, Total liabilities 98,214,071 100,433,067 as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. ______We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. Net assets: Unrestricted 384,445,157 364,283,394 Opinion Temporarily restricted 173,035,092 147,257,386 In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Permanently restricted 202,415,879 182,410,786 ______Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation as of June 30, 2014 and 2013, and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Total net assets 759,896,128 693,951,566 ______Total liabilities and net assets $ 858,110,199 794,384,633 ______

See accompanying notes to financial statements.

November 6, 2014

92 93 STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2013

Temporarily Permanently Temporarily Permanently Unrestricted restricted restricted Total Unrestricted restricted restricted Total ______Operating revenues, gains, and other support: Operating revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants $ — 8,780,594 — 8,780,594 Private contributions and grants $ — 8,917,535 — 8,917,535 Government grants — 6,340,907 — 6,340,907 Government grants — 7,266,639 — 7,266,639 Endowment spending policy 20,673,193 16,650,307 — 37,323,500 Endowment spending policy 18,589,144 16,090,456 — 34,679,600 Auxiliary activity 6,688,932 — — 6,688,932 Auxiliary activity 5,894,135 — — 5,894,135 Net assets released from restrictions— Net assets released from restrictions— satisfaction of program restrictions 31,771,808 (31,771,808) — — satisfaction of program restrictions 32,274,630 (32,274,630) — — ______Total operating revenues, gains, Total operating revenues, gains, and other support 56,757,909 — — 56,757,909 and other support 59,133,933 — — 59,133,933 ______

Expenses: Expenses: School of Mathematics 10,912,238 — — 10,912,238 School of Mathematics 11,349,539 — — 11,349,539 School of Natural Sciences 11,643,841 — — 11,643,841 School of Natural Sciences 11,404,746 — — 11,404,746 School of Historical Studies 7,582,420 — — 7,582,420 School of Historical Studies 7,832,661 — — 7,832,661 School of Social Science 4,330,501 — — 4,330,501 School of Social Science 4,507,979 — — 4,507,979 Libraries and other academic 8,185,287 — — 8,185,287 Libraries and other academic 8,598,160 — — 8,598,160 Administration and general 9,510,608 — — 9,510,608 Administration and general 13,850,905 — — 13,850,905 Auxiliary activity 7,073,128 — — 7,073,128 Auxiliary activity 8,004,591 — — 8,004,591 ______Total expenses 59,238,023 — — 59,238,023 Total expenses 65,548,581 — — 65,548,581 ______Change in net assets from operations, Change in net assets from operations, including depreciation (2,480,114) — — (2,480,114) including depreciation (6,414,648) — — (6,414,648) Other revenues, gains, and other support: Other revenues, gains, and other support: Private contributions and grants 733,147 396,250 9,347,403 10,476,800 Private contributions and grants 204,916 1,246,501 20,005,093 21,456,510 Endowment change after applying spending policy 17,240,968 12,050,043 — 29,291,011 Endowment change after applying spending policy 26,176,791 24,531,205 — 50,707,996 Change in fair value of bond swap liability 2,022,672 — — 2,022,672 Change in fair value of bond swap liability 200,773 — — 200,773 Gain on sale of plant assets 243,824 — — 243,824 Loss on sale of plant assets (6,069) — — (6,069) ______Change in net assets 17,760,497 12,446,293 9,347,403 39,554,193 Change in net assets 20,161,763 25,777,706 20,005,093 65,944,562 Net assets—beginning of year 346,522,897 134,811,093 173,063,383 654,397,373 Net assets—beginning of year 364,283,394 147,257,386 182,410,786 693,951,566 ______Net assets—end of year $ 364,283,394 147,257,386 182,410,786 693,951,566 Net assets—end of year $ 384,445,157 173,035,092 202,415,879 759,896,128 ______

See accompanying notes to financial statements. See accompanying notes to financial statements.

94 95 STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013 JUNE 30, 2014 AND 2013 2014 2013 ______Cash flows from operating activities: Change in net assets $ 65,944,562 39,554,193 Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash used (1) Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in operating activities: Depreciation 5,126,046 4,813,656 Organization Contributions restricted for endowment and plant (28,872,055) (25,585,914) The Institute for Advanced Study–Louis Bamberger and Mrs. Felix Fuld Foundation (the Institute), an independent, private Net realized and unrealized gains (90,373,231) (66,212,269) institution devoted to the encouragement, support, and patronage of learning, was founded in 1930 as a community of scholars Change in fair value of bond swap liability (200,773) (2,022,672) where intellectual inquiry could be carried out in the most favorable circumstances. Loss (gain) on sale of plant assets 6,069 (243,824) Amortization of debt issuance costs 54,801 48,806 Focused on mathematics and classical studies at the outset, the Institute today consists of the School of Historical Studies, Amortization of bond discount 21,919 20,550 the School of Mathematics, the School of Natural Sciences and the School of Social Science. Each school has a small per- Changes in assets/liabilities: manent faculty, and some 190 fellowships are awarded annually to members visiting the Institute from other research insti- Accounts receivable, grants receivable, and other assets 600,335 2,029,311 tutions and universities throughout the world. Contributions receivable 7,981,956 17,218,476 The Founders’ original letter to the first Trustees described the objectives of the Institute as follows: “The primary purpose Beneficial interest in remainder trust 162,055 112,776 Accounts payable and accrued expenses (28,579) 1,584,021 is the pursuit of advanced learning and exploration in fields of pure science and high scholarship to the utmost degree that Deferred revenue (1,570,403) (2,039,466) the facilities of the institution and the ability of the faculty and students will permit.” Postretirement benefit obligation 1,911,869 (1,886,150) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Asset retirement obligation ______30,187 ______11,627 Basis of Presentation

Net cash used in operating activities ______(39,205,242) ______(32,596,879) The accompanying financial statements, which are presented on the accrual basis of accounting, have been prepared to focus on the Institute as a whole and to present net assets and revenues, expenses, gains, and losses based on the Cash flows from investing activities: existence or absence of donor-imposed restrictions. Accordingly, net assets and changes therein are classified as fol- Proceeds from sale of plant assets 217,377 1,396,406 lows: Purchase of plant assets (13,126,997) (10,918,721) Proceeds from sale of investments 350,126,682 289,709,193 • Permanently restricted net assets—net assets subject to donor-imposed stipulations that they be maintained Purchase of investments ______(326,664,421) ______(287,078,939) permanently by the Institute. Generally, the donors of these assets permit the Institute to use all or part of the income earned on related investments for general or specific purposes. Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 10,552,641 (6,892,061) ______• Temporarily restricted net assets—net assets subject to donor-imposed stipulations that will be met by actions Cash flows from financing activities: of the Institute and/or by the passage of time. Contributions restricted for endowment and plant 28,872,055 25,585,914 • Unrestricted net assets—net assets not subject to donor-imposed stipulations. Unrestricted net assets may be Increase in liabilities under split-interest agreements 102,124 21,278 designated for specific purposes by action of the board of trustees. Debt issuance costs on 2012 Taxable Bonds — (206,950) Discount on 2012 Taxable Bonds — (92,311) Revenues are reported as increases in unrestricted net assets unless use of the related asset is limited by donor-imposed Proceeds from issuance of 2012 Taxable Bonds — 17,320,000 restrictions. Expenses are reported as decreases in unrestricted net assets. Expiration of donor-imposed stipulations Advance refunding of 2001 Series A Bonds — (1,940,000) that simultaneously increase unrestricted net assets and decrease temporarily restricted net assets are reported as net Principal payments on long-term debt (2,415,000) (2,000,000) assets released from restrictions. Principal payments on note payable (70,340) (68,954) Decrease in funds held by bond trustee ______(5,884) ______126,428 (a) Contributions and Grants Contributions and grants, including unconditional promises to give, are recognized initially at fair value as revenues Net cash provided by financing activities 26,482,955 38,745,405 ______in the period received. Conditional promises to give are not recognized until they become unconditional, that is when Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (2,169,646) (743,535) the conditions on which they depend are substantially met. Contributions of assets other than cash are recorded at their estimated fair value. Pledges of contributions to be received after one year are discounted at a risk-adjusted discount Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of year ______5,457,600 ______6,201,135 rate. The discount rates range from 0.11% to 1.62%. Amortization of discount is recorded as additional contribution revenue in accordance with donor-imposed restrictions, if any, on the contributions. The inputs to the fair value Cash and cash equivalents—end of year $ 3,287,954 5,457,600 estimate are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. ______Supplemental data: Contributions of long-lived assets are reported as unrestricted revenue. Contributions restricted for the acquisition Interest paid $ 2,022,055 1,884,445 of grounds, buildings, and equipment are reported as temporarily restricted revenues. These contributions are reclas- sified to unrestricted net assets upon acquisition of the assets.

See accompanying notes to financial statements. (b) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, except for those managed as a component of the Institute’s investment portfolio.

96 97 (c) Investments (g) Split-Interest Agreements Investments in marketable securities are reported in the financial statements at fair value based on published market The Institute is the beneficiary of various unitrusts, pooled income funds, and a gift annuity fund. The Institute’s quotations. Investments in limited partnerships and hedge funds are reported in the financial statements at estimated interest in these split-interest agreements is reported as a contribution in the year received and is calculated as the fair value using net asset value (NAV) or its equivalent as a practical expedient, based upon values provided by difference between the fair value of the assets contributed to the Institute and the estimated liability to the beneficiary. external investment managers or general partners, unless it is probable that all or a portion of the investment will be This liability is computed using actuarially determined rates and is adjusted annually to reflect changes in the life sold for an amount different from NAV.The Institute reviews and evaluates the values provided by external invest- expectancy of the donor or annuitant, amortization of the discount, and other changes in the estimates of future ment managers and general partners and agrees with the valuation methods and assumptions used in determining payments. The assets held by the Institute under these arrangements are recorded at fair value as determined by quoted the fair value of funds. These estimated fair values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used market prices and are included as a component of investments. had a ready market for these securities existed. As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Institute had no plans or intentions to sell investments at amounts different from NAV. (h) Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs represent costs incurred in connection with debt financing. Amortization of these costs is provided The statements of activities recognize unrealized gains and losses on investments as increases and decreases, respec- on the effective interest method extending over the remaining term of the applicable indebtedness. Debt issuance tively, in unrestricted net assets unless their use is temporarily or permanently restricted by explicit donor stipulation costs at June 30, 2014 and 2013 were net of accumulated amortization of $966,014 and $911,213, respectively. or law. Gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are calculated using the specific identification method. The Institute regularly offers first mortgages on primary residences to full-time faculty and senior administrative (i) Other Revenues, Gains, and Other Support employees who have met certain requirements stipulated by the board of trustees. A portion of long-term investment income and gains and losses is allocated to operating revenue each year in accordance with the Institute’s spending policy for investments held for endowment and similar purposes, as more fully discussed (d) Fair Value Measurements in note 4. All other investment income earned and gains and losses on investments held for long-term purposes, Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit change in fair value of bond swap liability, and nonrecurring revenue and expenses are considered other revenues, price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market gains and other support in the statements of activities. Private contributions and grants budgeted for operations are participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable included in operating revenues, gains, and other support. All other private contributions and grants are considered inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s level within other revenues, gains, and other support. the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: (j) Asset Retirement Obligation The Institute recognizes the fair value of a liability for legal obligations associated with asset retirements in the • Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. period in which the obligation is incurred, if a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the obligation can be made. • Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted When the liability is initially recorded, the Institute capitalizes the cost of the asset retirement obligation by increasing prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The liability is accreted to its present value each period and the market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities and certain alternative investments that can be capitalized cost associated with the retirement obligation is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon redeemed at or near the statement of financial position date. settlement of the obligation, any difference between the cost to settle the asset retirement obligation and the liability recorded is recognized as a gain or loss in the statements of activities. • Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liabilities and certain alternative investments that are not redeemable in the near term. (k) Fund Raising Expenses Fund raising expenses incurred by the Institute amounted to $1,955,984 and $1,582,457 for the years ended June 30, Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on available market information and judgments about 2014 and 2013, respectively. This amount is included in administration and general expenses in the accompanying the financial asset, including estimates of timing, amount of expected future cash flows, and the credit standing of statements of activities. the issuer. In some cases, the fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets. In addition, the disclosed fair value may not be realized in the immediate settlement of the financial asset and does not (l) Functional Allocation of Expenses reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time an entire holding of a particular The costs of providing program services and support services of the Institute have been summarized on a functional financial asset. Potential taxes and other expenses that would be incurred in an actual sale or settlement are not basis in the statements of activities. Accordingly, certain operating costs have been allocated among the functional reflected in amounts disclosed. categories. Because the net asset value reported by limited partnerships and hedge funds is used as a practical expedient to estimate fair value of the Institute’s interest therein, classification of such investments in the fair value hierarchy as (m) Tax Status Level 2 or 3 is based on the Institute’s ability to redeem its interest at or near the statement of financial position date. The Institute is exempt from federal income taxes pursuant to Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code If the interest can be redeemed in the near term (generally within 90 days), the investment is classified as Level 2. (the Code) and is listed in the Internal Revenue Service Publication 78. The Institute has been classified as a public charity under Section 509(a) of the Code. (e) Plant Assets and Depreciation There are certain transactions that could be deemed unrelated business income and would result in a tax liability. Proceeds from the sale of plant assets, if unrestricted, are transferred to operating funds, or, if restricted, to amounts Management reviews transactions to estimate potential tax liabilities using a threshold of more likely than not. It is temporarily restricted for plant acquisitions. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective management’s estimation that there are no material tax liabilities that need to be recorded. assets on a straight-line basis (buildings and capital improvements 20–40 years, equipment 3–6 years).

(f) Deferred Revenue (n) Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires Amounts received on conditional grants are recorded initially as deferred revenue and are reported as revenues when management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure expended in accordance with the terms of the condition. of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Estimates also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

98 99 (2) Contributions Receivable The following tables summarize the Institute’s investments and other assets at fair value by major category in the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2014 and 2013, as well as related strategy, liquidity, and funding commitments: Unconditional promises to give at June 30, 2014 and 2013 were as follows: 2014 2013 ______June 30, 2014 Unconditional promises to give: ______Less than one year $ 7,955,522 11,370,002 ______Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total One to five years ______18,110,308 ______23,597,845 Investments: 26,065,830 34,967,847 Long-term investment strategies: Discount on promises to give ______(785,909) ______(1,705,970) Hedge funds—onshore: Emerging markets $ — — 1,519,295 1,519,295 Total $ 25,279,921 33,261,877 ______Equities—long bias — 7,580,025 — 7,580,025 Equities—long/short — — 4,936,757 4,936,757 Multiple strategies ______— ______— ______60,426,517 ______60,426,517 At June 30, 2014, 97% of gross contributions receivable and 59% of contributions revenue are from four donors. At June 30, 2013, 98% of gross contributions receivable and 31% of contributions revenue are from four donors. Total ______— ______7,580,025 ______66,882,569 74,462,594 During fiscal 2011, the Institute received two conditional pledges totaling $100 million to enhance the Institute’s endowment Hedge funds—offshore: fund. The pledges are conditioned on the Institute raising an additional $100 million in cash or pledges from third-party Commercial mortgage backed — — 8,259,150 8,259,150 donors in the period January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2015. The conditional pledge payments began in June 2011 and will Distressed/high-yield — — 9,563,493 9,563,493 continue through June 30, 2015. As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Institute has recorded revenue totaling approximately Emerging markets — — 41,744 41,744 $58 million and $49 million, respectively, relating to these conditional pledges. Equities—long bias — 8,581,558 — 8,581,558 Equities—long/short — 26,455,377 65,332,156 91,787,533 (3) Investments, Funds Held by Bond Trustee, and Beneficial Interest in Remainder Trust Event driven strategies — 10,040,460 — 10,040,460 Fixed income arbitrage — — 28,624,392 28,624,392 (a) Overall Investment Objective Global asset allocation — 29,243,336 — 29,243,336 The overall investment objective of the Institute is to invest its assets in a prudent manner that will achieve a long- Multiple strategies — 68,839,588 120,709,432 189,549,020 term rate of return sufficient to fund a portion of its annual operating activities and capital preservation. The Institute Quantitative/CTA — 7,378,670 — 7,378,670 diversifies its investments among various managers and investment opportunities. Substantially all of the investments Quantitative equity long short — 16,663,265 — 16,663,265 are pooled with each individual fund subscribing to or disposing of units on the basis of the market value per unit, Fixed income—relative value — — 12,370,566 12,370,566 determined on a quarterly basis. Major investment decisions are authorized by the Board’s Investment Committee, Bio tech/health care ______— ______8,964,222 ______— ______8,964,222 which oversees the Institute’s investment program in accordance with established guidelines. Total ______— ______176,166,476 ______244,900,933 421,067,409 (b) Allocation of Investment Strategies Limited partnerships — — 152,438,300 152,438,300 In addition to traditional stocks and fixed-income securities, the Institute may also hold shares or units in traditional Cash and cash equivalents 77,329,844 — — 77,329,844 institutional funds as well as in alternative investment funds involving hedged strategies, private equity, and real asset Other investments: strategies. Hedged strategies involve funds whose managers have the authority to invest in various asset classes at their Assets held under split-interest discretion, including the ability to invest long and short. Funds with hedged strategies generally hold securities or agreements: other financial instruments for which a ready market exists and may include stocks, bonds, put or call options, swaps, Cash and cash equivalents — — (38,153) (38,153) currency hedges, and other instruments, and are valued accordingly. Private equity funds employ buyout and venture Fixed income securities — — 4,393,952 4,393,952 capital strategies and focus on investments in turn-around situations. Real asset funds generally hold interests in public Mortgages from faculty and staff — — 8,629,342 8,629,342 real estate investment trusts (REITS) or commercial real estate through sole-member entities. Private equity and real ______asset strategies therefore often require the estimation of fair values by the fund managers in the absence of readily Total investments $ ______77,329,844 ______183,746,501 ______477,206,943 ______738,283,288 determinable market values. Because of the inherent uncertainties of valuation, these estimated fair values may differ Other assets: significantly from values that would have been used had a ready market existed, and the differences could be material. Beneficial interest in remainder trust $ — — 2,559,277 2,559,277 Such valuations are determined by fund managers and generally consider variables such as operating results, compa- Funds held by bond trustee: rable earnings multiples, projected cash flows, recent sales prices, and other pertinent information, and may reflect U.S. government obligations 2,286,964 — — 2,286,964 discounts for the illiquid nature of certain investments held. ______Total other assets $ ______2,286,964 ______— ______2,559,277 ______4,846,241

100 101 June 30, 2013 The following tables present the Institute’s activities for the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 for investments clas- ______sified in Level 3: ______Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Investments: Long-term investment strategies: ______2014 Hedge funds—onshore: Assets held Emerging markets $ — — 1,524,829 1,524,829 under Equities—long bias — 11,985,284 — 11,985,284 split-interest Multiple strategies ______— ______— ______58,204,806 ______58,204,806 agreements Beneficial Total ______— ______11,985,284 ______59,729,635 71,714,919 Fixed Mortgages interest in Hedge Limited income from faculty remainder Hedge funds—offshore: ______Level 3 roll forward ______funds ______partnerships ______securities ______and staff ______trust ______Total Commercial mortgage backed — — 9,730,472 9,730,472 Fair value at Distressed/high-yield — — 11,541,391 11,541,391 June 30, 2013 $ 315,527,317 117,080,539 4,077,332 8,787,133 2,721,332 448,193,653 Emerging markets — — 8,477,358 8,477,358 Acquisitions 51,687,782 19,884,690 — 761,000 — 72,333,472 Equities—long bias — 15,948,000 — 15,948,000 Dispositions (79,732,383) (20,656,601) (376,571) (918,791) — (101,684,346) Equities—long/short — 26,682,915 32,056,785 58,739,700 Transfers in/out Event driven strategies — 10,073,922 — 10,073,922 of Level 3 (11,253,449) — — — — (11,253,449) Fixed income arbitrage — — 27,630,277 27,630,277 Net realized and Global asset allocation — 25,458,338 — 25,458,338 unrealized gains 35,554,235 36,129,672 655,038 — (162,055) 72,176,890 Multiple strategies — 63,087,904 143,921,877 207,009,781 ______Quantitative/CTA — 5,655,609 — 5,655,609 Fair value at June 30, 2014 $ 311,783,502 152,438,300 4,355,799 8,629,342 2,559,277 479,766,220 Quantitative equity long short — 10,430,293 — 10,430,293 ______Fixed income—relative value — — 11,186,073 11,186,073 Bio tech/health care ______— ______— ______11,253,449 ______11,253,449 2013 Total ______— ______157,336,981 ______255,797,682 ______413,134,663 ______Assets held Limited partnerships — — 117,080,539 117,080,539 under Cash and cash equivalents 56,560,492 — — 56,560,492 split-interest Other investments: agreements Assets held under split-interest Beneficial agreements: Fixed Mortgages interest in Hedge Limited income from faculty remainder Cash and cash equivalents 17,240 — — 17,240 Level 3 roll forward funds partnerships securities and staff trust Total Fixed income securities — — 4,077,332 4,077,332 ______Mortgages from faculty and staff — — 8,787,133 8,787,133 Fair value at ______June 30, 2012 $ 298,017,349 106,164,790 3,798,033 6,757,395 2,834,108 417,571,675 Total investments $ ______56,577,732 ______169,322,265 ______445,472,321 ______671,372,318 Acquisitions 27,000,000 22,940,621 25,000 2,832,400 — 52,798,021 Other assets: Dispositions (38,172,394) (29,906,189) (141,897) (802,662) — (69,023,142) Beneficial interest in remainder trust $ — — 2,721,332 2,721,332 Transfers in/out Funds held by bond trustee: of Level 3 (1,112,006) — — — — (1,112,006) U.S. government obligations 2,281,080 — — 2,281,080 Net realized and ______unrealized gains 29,794,368 17,881,317 396,196 — (112,776) 47,959,105 ______Total other assets $ ______2,281,080 ______— ______2,721,332 ______5,002,412 ______Fair value at June 30, 2013 $ 315,527,317 117,080,539 4,077,332 8,787,133 2,721,332 448,193,653 ______

The Institute’s accounting policy is to recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. There were no transfers between investments classified as Level 1 and Level 2 for the years ended June 30, 2014 or 2013. During fiscal year 2014, approximately $11 million was transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 due to expiration of lock-up restrictions. During fiscal year 2013, approx- imately $15 million was transferred into Level 3 from Level 2 and $16.1 million was transferred from Level 3 to Level 2 due to the expiration of lock-up restrictions.

102 103 Private equity and venture capital investments are generally made through limited partnerships. Under the terms of The expirations of redemption lock-up periods are summarized in the table below: such agreements, the Institute may be required to provide additional funding when capital or liquidity calls are made by fund managers. These partnerships have a limited existence, and they may provide for annual extensions for the ______Amount purpose of disposing portfolio positions and returning capital to investors. However, depending on market condi- Fiscal year: tions, the inability to execute the fund’s strategy, or other factors, a manager may extend the terms of a fund beyond 2016 $ 16,794,642 its originally anticipated existence or may wind the fund down prematurely. The Institute cannot anticipate such 2017 13,329,663 changes because they generally arise from unforeseeable events, but should they occur they could reduce liquidity 2018 54,177,337 or originally anticipated investment returns. Accordingly, the timing and amount of future capital or liquidity calls 2019 7,487,389 in any particular future year are uncertain. As of June 30, 2014, the Institute is obligated under certain limited part- 2020 4,464,324 nership agreements to advance additional funding in the amount of $69,072,434, which is anticipated to be called 2021 and thereafter ______56,184,945 over the next 10 years. Total $ 152,438,300 ______Investment liquidity as of June 30, 2014 is aggregated below based on redemption or sale period: (f) Contingencies Investment The Institute has an investment in the Ariel Fund Limited (the Fund), which on June 30, 2014 and 2013 had a fair value ______fair values of approximately $8,053,900 and $8,659,500, respectively. During fiscal year 2009, the fund became subject to the Investment redemption or sale period: oversight of a receiver appointed by the Attorney General of New York for the principal purposes of marshalling and Daily $ 77,329,844 preserving the assets of the Fund, for ultimate distribution of the proceeds to the respective investors of the Fund. Monthly 53,285,271 During fiscal years 2014 and 2013, the Institute received distributions of $1,592,159 and $5,065,963, respectively, from Quarterly 100,647,430 the receiver. There is a potential for litigation to recover amounts from investors who have received previous distributions Semi-annually 29,813,799 from the Fund. Management does not expect this to have a significant impact on the Institute’s financial statements. Annually 82,127,294 (4) Investment Return and Endowment Spending Policy Subject to rolling lock ups or other restrictions 217,028,018 Illiquid ______178,051,632 Investment return consists of interest, dividends, and realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments. Each year, the Institute includes a portion of its endowment return in its operating budget, with the amount of such planned support deter- Total as of June 30, 2014 $ 738,283,288 ______mined using its spending policy. The policy of the Institute is to distribute for current spending a percentage of the fair value of pooled investments which is determined by the Board of Trustees annually. The spending rate for operating and capital (c) Funds Held by Bond Trustee purposes was 6.9% and 6.7% for 2014 and 2013, respectively. Funds held by bond trustee represent the balance of the proceeds from the 2006 and 2008 New Jersey Educational Facilities Authority (NJEFA or the Authority) bonds and the 2012 taxable bonds that have not yet been expended The following tables summarize the investment return and its classification in the statements of activities for the years ended for construction purposes or debt service payments. These funds are being held in trust by The Bank of New York. June 30, 2014 and 2013: Such funds are invested in U.S. government obligations with maturities of less than one year. ______2014 Temporarily (d) Redemption Restrictions—Hedge Funds ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______Total At June 30, 2014, the Institute had hedge fund investments of approximately $495,530,000, of which approximately Dividends and interest, net of $124,207,000 was restricted from redemption for lock-up periods. At June 30, 2013, the Institute had hedge fund investment expenses $ (1,003,764) (1,337,971) (2,341,735) investments of approximately $484,849,500, of which approximately $108,259,000 was restricted from redemption Net realized and unrealized gains 47,853,748 42,519,483 90,373,231 for lock-up periods. Some of the investments with redemption restrictions allow early redemption for specified fees. ______The terms and conditions upon which an investor may redeem an investment vary, usually with the majority requiring Total investment return 46,849,984 41,181,512 88,031,496 30 to 180 days’ notice after the initial lock-up period. Endowment spending policy for use in operations ______20,673,193 ______16,650,307 ______37,323,500 The expirations of redemption lock-up periods are summarized in the table below: Endowment change after applying spending policy $ 26,176,791 24,531,205 50,707,996 ______Amount Fiscal year: ______2013 2015 $ 81,978,782 Temporarily 2016 21,335,212 ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______Total 2017 and thereafter ______20,893,079 Dividends and interest, net of Total $ 124,207,073 investment expenses $ (1,102,987) (1,138,671) (2,241,658) ______Net realized and unrealized gains ______36,933,099 ______29,279,170 ______66,212,269 Total investment return 35,830,112 28,140,499 63,970,611 (e) Redemption Restrictions—Limited Partnerships At June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Institute had limited partnership investments of approximately $152,438,300 and Endowment spending policy for use in operations ______18,589,144 ______16,090,456 ______34,679,600 $117,080,500, respectively, which were restricted from redemption for lock-up periods. Some of the investments with Endowment change after redemption restrictions allow early redemption for specified fees. The terms and conditions upon which an investor may applying spending policy $ 17,240,968 12,050,043 29,291,011 ______redeem an investment vary, usually with the majority requiring 30 to 180 days’ notice after the initial lock-up period.

Total investment management and advisory fees were $2,147,159 and $2,355,295 for the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

104 105 (5) Endowment Changes in endowment net assets for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 were as follows: The Institute’s endowment consists of approximately 100 individual funds established for a variety of purposes including Temporarily Permanently both donor-restricted endowment funds and funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments. Net assets Unrestricted restricted restricted Total associated with endowments, including funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments, are classified ______and reported based on the existence or absence of donor-imposed restrictions. Net assets, June 30, 2012 $ 328,931,009 134,281,483 173,063,383 636,275,875 (a) Interpretation of Relevant Law Dividends and interest income, net (1,102,987) (895,195) — (1,998,182) The Institute has interpreted the New Jersey-enacted version of the Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Realized and unrealized gains 36,933,099 29,020,398 — 65,953,497 Funds Act (UPMIFA) as allowing the Institute to appropriate for expenditure or accumulate so much of a donor- Contributions 792,859 396,250 9,347,403 10,536,512 restricted endowment fund as the Institute determines is prudent for the uses, benefits, purposes, and duration for which Appropriation for expenditure— the endowment fund is established, subject to the intent of the donor as expressed in the gift instrument. Unless stated operations (18,589,144) (16,090,456) — (34,679,600) otherwise in the gift instrument, the assets in a donor-restricted endowment fund are donor-restricted assets until Amounts added back to the appropriated for expenditure by the Board of Trustees of the Institute. As a result of applicable accounting guidance, board-designated endowment ______6,461,677 ______— ______— ______6,461,677 the Institute classifies as permanently restricted net assets (a) the original value of gifts donated to the permanent endowment, (b) the original value of subsequent gifts to the permanent endowment, and (c) accumulations to the Net assets, June 30, 2013 $ 353,426,513 146,712,480 182,410,786 682,549,779 permanent endowment made in accordance with the direction of the applicable donor gift instrument at the time the accumulation is added to the fund. The remaining portion of the donor-restricted endowment fund that is not Dividends and interest income, net (1,003,764) (911,309) — (1,915,073) classified as permanently restricted net assets is classified as temporarily restricted net assets until those amounts are Realized and unrealized gains 47,853,748 42,098,815 — 89,952,563 appropriated for expenditure in a manner consistent with the standard of prudence prescribed by UPMIFA. Contributions 243,528 1,246,501 20,005,093 21,495,122 Appropriation for expenditure— From time to time, the fair value of assets associated with individual donor-restricted endowments may fall below operations (20,673,193) (16,650,307) — (37,323,500) the original corpus the fund included in permanently restricted net assets due to unfavorable market fluctuations sub- Appropriation for expenditure— sequent to the investment of the gift. Deficiencies of this nature, which are reported in unrestricted net assets, totaled capital and other (13,499,671) — — (13,499,671) approximately $1,968,000 and $2,048,000, at June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Subsequent gains that restore the ______fair value of the assets of the donor-restricted endowment fund are classified as an increase in unrestricted net assets. Net assets, June 30, 2014 $ ______366,347,161 ______172,496,180 ______202,415,879 ______741,259,220 Endowment net assets consisted of the following at June 30, 2014 and 2013: ______

2014 (b) Return Objectives and Risk Parameters ______The Institute has adopted investment and spending policies for endowment assets that attempt to provide a predictable Temporarily Permanently stream of funding to programs supported by its endowment while seeking to maintain the purchasing power of the ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______restricted ______Total endowment assets. Donor restricted $ (1,968,353) 172,496,180 202,415,879 372,943,706 (c) Strategies Employed for Achieving Objectives Board designated ______368,315,514 ______— ______— ______368,315,514 The Institute manages its investments in accordance with a total return concept and the goal of maximizing returns within acceptable levels of risk. The Institute relies on a total return strategy in which investment returns are achieved $ ______366,347,161 ______172,496,180 ______202,415,879 ______741,259,220 ______through both capital appreciation (realized and unrealized) and current yield (dividends and interest). The Institute’s 2013 spending policy is designed to provide a stable level of financial support and to preserve the real value of its endowment. ______Temporarily Permanently (6) Physical Plant ______Unrestricted ______restricted ______restricted ______Total Physical plant and equipment are stated at cost at date of acquisition, less accumulated depreciation. Donor restricted $ (2,047,596) 146,712,480 182,410,786 327,075,670 A summary of plant assets at June 30, 2014 and 2013 follows: 2014 2013 Board designated ______355,474,109 ______— ______— ______355,474,109 ______Land $ 377,470 377,470 $ 353,426,513 146,712,480 182,410,786 682,549,779 ______Land improvements 2,187,449 2,114,955 Buildings and improvements 122,142,553 111,142,832 Equipment 32,485,104 31,123,609 Rare book collection 203,508 203,508 Joint ownership property ______4,528,124 ______4,492,555 161,924,208 149,454,929

Accumulated depreciation ______(79,649,773) ______(74,957,999) Net book value $ 82,274,435 74,496,930 ______

106 107 (7) Long-Term Debt The obligation to pay the Authority on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation of the Institute. A summary of long-term debt at June 30, 2014 and 2013 follows: The 2012 Taxable bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 0.388% to 3.892% per annum, payable semi-annually, are subject to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through ______2014 ______2013 December 1, 2042. The obligation to make the interest payments on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to 2006 Series B—NJEFA $ 25,500,000 26,500,000 cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general obligation to the Institute. 2006 Series C—NJEFA 17,000,000 17,500,000 2008 Series C—NJEFA 4,455,000 4,975,000 (g) Bond Swap Agreement 2012 Taxable 16,925,000 17,320,000 On December 22, 2008, the Institute entered into a swap agreement with Wells Fargo Bank covering $28,800,000 Less unamortized bond discount ______(223,047) ______(244,966) of outstanding Series B Bonds that required the Institute to pay a fixed rate of 3.7702% to Wells Fargo Bank in Total long-term debt $ 63,656,953 66,050,034 exchange for Wells Fargo Bank agreeing to pay the Institute a variable rate equal to 67% of the USD-LIBOR-BBA ______rate with a term of three months, payable monthly, on an identical notional amount. The effective date of the swap was December 22, 2008 and the termination date of the swap agreement coincides with the maturity of the bonds, Interest expense on long-term debt for the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $1,774,657 and $1,600,692, respectively. which is July 1, 2031. (a) 2001 Series A The Institute entered into this swap agreement with the intention of lowering its effective interest rate. At June 30, In May 2001, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $11,000,000 Revenue Bonds, 2001 Series 2014 and 2013, the fair value of the interest rate swap was ($4,275,176) and ($4,475,949), respectively. The unrealized A of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. Proceeds were used for the construction of Bloomberg Hall and addi- gain (loss) recognized during the year ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 in the amount of $200,773 and $2,022,672, tional capital projects. These bonds were partially refunded through the 2006 Series B Revenue bonds detailed below. respectively, is reported in the statements of activities in change in fair value of bond swap liability. The swap agreement During the year ending June 30, 2013, the remaining outstanding bonds from this issue were refunded through the utilizes Level 2 inputs to measure fair value. The fair value of the interest rate swap was determined using pricing 2012 Taxable bonds detailed below. models developed based on the LIBOR swap rate and other market data. Under the swap agreement, the Institute may be required to post collateral to the counterparty if certain triggering events (rates and dollar thresholds) are met. (b) 2006 Series B As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, there was no requirement to post collateral imposed by the swap counterparty. In July 2006, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $29,600,000 Revenue Bonds, 2006 Series B of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. The 2006 Series B Bonds were issued to finance the advance refunding The bonds are repayable as follows at June 30, 2014: of the outstanding 1997 Series G Bonds, the partial advance refunding of the 2001 Series A Bonds, and to pay a por- tion of certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2006 Series B Bonds. Amount ______Year ending June 30: (c) 2006 Series C 2015 $ 2,440,000 In March 2007, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $20,000,000 Revenue Bonds, 2006 Series 2016 2,575,000 C of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. Proceeds are being used to finance the costs of construction, renovating 2017 2,605,000 and equipping certain educational facilities of the Institute, to fund capitalized interest on the 2006 Series C Bonds 2018 2,845,000 during the renovation and construction, and to pay certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2006 Series 2019 3,280,000 C Bonds. 2020 through 2037 ______50,135,000 (d) 2008 Series C Total $ ______63,880,000 In March 2008, the Institute received proceeds of the Authority offering of $11,255,000 Revenue Bonds, 2008 Series ______C of the Institute for Advanced Study Issue. The 2008 Series C Bonds were issued to finance the advance refunding of outstanding 1997 Series F Bonds, the advance refunding of outstanding 1997 Series G, and to pay a portion of The 2006 Series B, 2006 Series C, and 2008 Series C bonds are secured by a pledge of revenues pursuant to the certain costs incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2008 Series C Bonds. respective Loan Agreements.

(e) 2012 Taxable (h) Line of Credit In December 2012, the Institute received proceeds of $17,320,000 Taxable Bonds, 2012 Series of the Institute for As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Institute had unsecured loan agreements representing a line of credit. As of June Advanced Study Issue, which were issued at a discount of approximately $92,000. The 2012 Taxable Bonds were used 30, 2014 and 2013, the agreements provide for borrowings up to $50,000,000 and are available through April 2016. to finance the advance refunding of outstanding 2001 Series A Bonds, to fund renovations to the Members Housing Interest payments are due on demand and interest accrues at the LIBOR rate plus 90 basis points, which was 1.54% facility and the costs of renovation and equipping certain educational facilities of the Institute, and to pay certain costs as of June 30, 2014. There were no borrowings in fiscal year 2014 or 2013 against the lines of credit. No interest incidental to the sale and issuance of the 2012 Taxable Bonds. expense was incurred for the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

(f) Interest Rates (8) Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits The 2006 Series B and C Bonds bear interest at variable rates. The bonds were issued in the weekly mode with week- Separate voluntary defined contribution retirement plans are in effect for faculty members and eligible staff personnel, both ly rates determined by Lehman Brothers Inc, as Remarketing Agent and paid monthly. The maximum interest rate of which provide for annuities, which are funded, to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association and/or the College on the 2006 Bonds shall be twelve percent (12%) per annum. The 2006 bonds are subject to redemption at various Retirement Equities Fund. Contributions are based on the individual participant’s compensation in accordance with the for- prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through July 1, 2036. The obligation to pay the mula set forth in the plan documents on a nondiscriminatory basis. Contributions for the years ended June 30, 2014 and Authority on a periodic basis, in the amounts sufficient to cover principal and interest due on the bonds, is a general 2013 totaled approximately $2,318,400 and $2,285,200, respectively. obligation of the Institute. On September 18, 2008, the Institute entered into a contract with JPMorgan Chase Bank to take over as Remarketing Agent, replacing Lehman Brothers Inc. In addition to providing pension benefits, the Institute provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees and faculty. Substantially, all of the Institute’s employees may become eligible for these benefits if they meet min- The 2008 Series C Bonds bear interest at rates ranging from 3% to 5% per annum, payable semi-annually, are subject imum age and service requirements. The Institute accrues these benefits over a period in which active employees become to redemption at various prices and require principal payments and sinking fund installments through July 1, 2021. eligible under existing benefit plans.

108 109 The following table provides a reconciliation of the change in benefit obligation of the plan at June 30, 2014 and 2013. Projected payments for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter through 2023 are as follows: There are no plan assets at June 30, 2014 and 2013. ______Amount 2014 2013 Postretirement benefit obligation: ______Year ending June 30: Retirees $ 4,976,817 4,769,377 2015 $ 416,000 Fully eligible active plan participants 1,911,518 1,713,694 2016 426,000 2017 450,000 Other active plan participants ______8,198,626 ______6,692,021 2018 473,000 Postretirement benefit obligation $ 15,086,961 13,175,092 ______2019 492,000 Change in benefit obligation: 2020 through 2024 2,905,000 Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 13,175,092 15,061,242 Service cost 615,504 710,624 Interest cost 624,254 604,718 The Institute funds claims as they are incurred. The Institute does not expect to contribute any amounts in fiscal 2014, Benefits paid (352,809) (376,897) except as needed to provide for benefit payments. Actuarial gain 1,024,920 (2,824,595) ______(9) Temporarily and Permanently Restricted Assets Benefit obligation at end of year $ ______15,086,961 ______13,175,092 ______Restricted net assets are available for the following purposes at June 30, 2014 and 2013: Components of net periodic benefit cost: 2014 2013 Service cost $ 615,504 710,624 ______Interest cost 624,254 604,718 Temporarily restricted net assets are restricted to: School of Mathematics $ 34,256,552 30,982,319 Amortization of net gain ______1,024,920 ______(2,824,595) School of Natural Sciences 17,484,612 12,388,448 Net periodic postretirement benefit (credit) cost $ 2,264,678 (1,509,253) ______School of Historical Studies 40,181,870 35,601,130 School of Social Science 59,936,776 55,029,995 Libraries and other academic 5,848,752 4,880,138 Administration and general 15,326,530 8,375,356 ______2014 ______2013 ______Benefit obligation weighted average assumptions at $ 173,035,092 147,257,386 June 30, 2014 and 2013: ______Discount rate 4.35% 4.81% Permanently restricted net assets are restricted to: Periodic benefit cost weighted average assumptions Investments to be held in perpetuity, the income from for the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013: which is expendable to support academic services $ 202,415,879 182,410,786 Discount rate 4.81% 4.08% (10) Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments The healthcare trend rate is assumed to be 3% in fiscal 2014, trending up to an ultimate rate of 5% in 2026 and thereafter. The carrying amount of the Institute’s financial instruments not carried at fair value approximates fair value due to the The effects of a 1% increase or decrease in trend rates on total service and interest cost and the postretirement benefit short maturity, except for long-term indebtedness. The inputs fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The estimated obligation are as follows: fair value of the Institute’s long-term indebtedness, based on the discounted future cash payments to be made using observable inputs that fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, was approximately $67,700,000 and $68,300,000 at June 30, 2014 ______2014 ______2013 and 2013, respectively. Increase Decrease Increase Decrease ______(11) Subsequent Events Effect on total service and interest cost $ 383,514 (255,447) 370,416 (251,224) The Institute evaluated events subsequent to June 30, 2014 through November 6, 2014, the date on which the financial Effect on the postretirement statements were issued and determined there were no subsequent events required to be disclosed. benefit obligation 3,834,620 (2,625,796) 3,042,465 (2,098,726)

110 111 Cover: Bloomberg Hall during Strings 2014 PHOTO BY DAN KOMODA