The Royal Society

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The Royal Society is a Fellowship of 1,400 outstanding Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation Influence policymaking with individuals from all areas of science, engineering and the best scientific advice Invigorate science and mathematics education Increase medicine, who form a global scientific network of the access to the best science internationally Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder highest calibre. The Fellowship is supported by a and excitement of scientific discovery Invest in future scientific leaders and in permanent staff of 124 with responsibility for the innovation Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice Invigorate science and mathematics education day-to-day management of the Society and its activities. Increase access to the best science internationally Inspire an interest in the joy, As we prepare for our 350th anniversary in 2010, we are wonder and excitement of scientific discovery Invest in future scientific leaders working to achieve five strategic priorities: and in innovation Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice Invigorate • Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation science and mathematics education Increase access to the best science internationally SHAPING THE FUTURE • Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery Review of the Year 2006/07 • Invigorate science and mathematics education • Increase access to the best science internationally • Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery

Issued: August 2007 Founded in 1660, the Royal Society is the independent scientific academy of the UK, dedicated to promoting excellence in science Printed on stock containing 55% recycled fibre. Registered Charity No 207043 PRESIDENT’S FOREWORD EXECUTIVE SECRETARY’S REPORT

The last year has focused on The five strategic goals are: to invest in future scientific leaders and The Society's 350th anniversary While busy shaping the future of the Society, we have also in innovation; to influence policy-making with the best scientific delivered an extensive programme of activities during the year. We planning the Society's own advice; to invigorate science and mathematics education; to increase in 2010 has been occupying a invested heavily in the scientific leaders of tomorrow, appointing future and our contribution to access to the best science internationally; and to inspire an interest growing amount of our attention four new research professors, 45 new University Research Fellows, shaping the future of science in in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery. Each of – focused not on organizing the 10 new Dorothy Hodgkin Fellows and a record 18 Industry Fellows; these goals is important in itself. The combination of the goals at the year end we had a total of 645 research appointees in post. the UK and more widely. within a single organization constitutes a powerful vision and an biggest ever scientific party but We published 45 contributions to policy debate during the year on exciting blueprint for our future. on enabling the Society to a wide range of topics from pandemic influenza to the teaching of While maintaining the usual high evolution. We collaborated with numerous partners overseas, Our ability to deliver the goals will, of course, depend on being able throughput of established activities, we have real, enduring impact on notably in Africa, China and India. We launched our Digital Journal to muster the resources. The continued willingness not only of the have also been giving serious thought to the world. Archive which provides access to every article published by the Fellowship and also of very many other skilled individuals from within our 350th anniversary in 2010. We have Society since 1665. We delivered 9 two-day discussion meetings and beyond the world of science freely to commit their time to our defined the strategic goals that will shape and 19 lectures. The Summer Science Exhibition attracted record work is what makes our vision possible. Financial resources are also We have used the stimulus of the our course through the next phase of the numbers of post 16 students and some of the exhibits went on to vital – our Parliamentary Grant-in-Aid which is used mainly to cover anniversary to think through our future Society's life; we have started planning a special Science Day at Buckingham Palace as part of the Queen’s the costs of our activities in support of active researchers, and our strategy and, as detailed in the President's how we will mark the anniversary year; 80th birthday celebrations. private funds, generously provided by many donors and foreword, have identified five strategic and we are preparing a fundraising supplemented by our own activities, which enable us to undertake goals. We are now reshaping our Anniversary day saw BBC Radio 4’s Today Programme broadcast campaign that, if successful, will enable a wide range of other initiatives. And our building in Carlton House programmes of work around these goals live from the society. A highlight of the day was the award of the us to fulfil an ambitious vision with vigour Terrace, refurbished to the highest standard, provides a fitting base and, in this report, have used the goals for Copley Medal, the Society’s premier medal, to Professor Stephen and independence. from which to carry forward our vision. the first time to organize how we report Hawking FRS. Before being awarded, the Medal had flown with our activities. Our five strategic goals see us actively the British astronaut Piers Sellers in the Space Shuttle Discovery. Just as this report was being finalised we received the tragic news engaged in promoting the long-term Both this and its recipient attracted great public attention. The that Dame Anne McLaren, the Society's first female Vice-President, The 2010 anniversary will leave its mark in vitality of the scientific community. They day as a whole illustrated the Society's commitment to engage as had died in a car crash. Widely admired and respected both for her other ways as well. We have started also see us engaging with the wider widely as possible both with science and with the world beyond science and for her wise judgement, she will be greatly missed by planning an ambitious programme of community – with policy-makers, with the science – a key feature of our approach to 2010. her many friends and colleagues throughout the world. activities for the anniversary year that will education system, with all those who take engage many people from many different Stephen Cox or might take an interest in science. The Martin Rees backgrounds in the work of the Society Society exists, through its Fellows, for the and the world of science. The preparations greater public good, and we are will accelerate as 2010 approaches, but >> CONTENTS committed to using our unique resources already it is clear that stretching our and opportunities for that end. horizons in this way will not only increase 1 President’s foreword the reach of our impact but also have an 2 Executive Secretary’s report impact on the Society itself. I welcome this. 3 Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation In anticipation of the resource demands of 6 Influence policymaking our strategic goals and of the anniversary with the best scientific advice programme, we have begun to gear up 11 Invigorate science and mathematics education our fundraising activities. The initial results 13 Increase access to the best science internationally have been most encouraging, and I am 15 Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery grateful to all those, listed later in this 17 Summarised financial statements report, who have generously made 18 Balance sheet donations. This private funding makes a 19 Fundraising and support real difference to what we are able to 19 List of Donors accomplish, and is central to our plans for 21 Highlights April 2006 to March 2007 the future.

1 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 2 The latest scientific research is published in the Society's INVEST seven, high quality peer- IN FUTURE SCIENTIFIC LEADERS AND IN INNOVATION reviewed journals which cover the biological sciences; mathematical, physical and Through its research fellowships technology between those in industry and those in academia. engineering sciences; cross- Publishing cutting-edge scientific research Seventeen industry fellows were appointed last year, bringing the and funding programmes, its disciplinary research at the The latest scientific research is published in the Society's total number of scientists supported to 31. seven, high quality peer-reviewed journals which cover meetings and publications, and interface between the physical biological and physical sciences; cross-disciplinary research at the Relocation Fellowships promote career mobility in science, engineering and life sciences; and the history interface between the physical and life sciences; and the history and its medals and prizes, the Society and technology within the UK by helping researchers who wish to and philosophy of science. philosophy of science. works in partnership with move to follow a partner who has changed place of work in or to the UK. Six Relocation Fellowships were awarded, and the scheme Important studies published in the year included the first universities and industry, both supported a total of seven partners of relocating scientists. Courses for research fellows: Innovation and Observations of wild hunting behaviour and bioluminescence of a the Business of Science is the Society’s latest large deep-sea, eight-armed squid, Taningia danae in Proceedings within the UK and internationally, Wolfson Research Merit Awards are jointly funded by the Society, professional development course on of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences and revelations of the to support excellent scientists and the Wolfson Foundation and the Office of Science and Innovation, innovation and entrepreneurship for research scale of the threat posed to human civilization by global warming in and offer salary enhancements for up to five years with the aim of invest in the future of UK science. fellows. Developed in partnership with Climate change and trace gases in Proceedings of the Royal Society attracting or retaining in the UK key researchers with great potential Imperial College’s Tanaka Business School A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Significant or outstanding achievement. Thirty-eight awards were made, the modular course aims to help young attention was attracted by the paper in Notes and Records, Mind Research fellowships and grants bringing the total number of scientists supported to 131. scientists work more effectively with industry, Research Professorships are fellowships the gap: did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years? Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowships are funded by the and to better target their research to which provide 10-15 years support for Biology Letters (launched in 2005) has received its first Impact Society and the Leverhulme Trust, these fellowships seek to provide relevant markets. Each module consists of internationally recognized scientists of Factor of 2.00. This places it 6th out of the 51 journals in its category. opportunities for academic researchers to be relieved of all their taught sessions and workshops led by outstanding achievement and promise. teaching and administrative duties. These appointments enable scientists, entrepreneurs and industry heads A total of 14 Research Professors were academic researchers to concentrate on full-time research for up to with extensive experience of the challenges supported, with 4 new Research Professors one year. Seven Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellows were involved in transforming inventions into appointed to start in 2007/08. appointed. products. Twenty one research fellows PROFESSOR JANE JIANG University Research Fellowships provide up www.royalsoc.ac.uk/funding attended the initial course. to 10 years support to outstanding scientists A Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Media training: 114 post-doctoral scientists with the potential to become leaders in their Award holder at the University of were trained by the Royal Society’s field. Forty five University Research Fellows Huddersfield’s Centre for Precision DR HOLLY BRIDGE communication skills and media training were appointed, bringing the total number Technologies, Professor Jiang’s research courses designed exclusively for scientists. on surface metrology – the characteristics of scientists supported to 330. Dr Holly Bridge is a Royal Twelve courses were held overall, with one of surfaces at the nano-scale – provides Society Dorothy Hodgkin Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowships provide up to communications skills course and one media the major theoretical foundation for Fellow working in the four years support and offer a recognized training skills course held in Glasgow. a forthcoming series of ISO (International Department of Clinical first step into an independent research Organization for Standardization) standards. Neurology at the University Research grants: Funding from the Research career for excellent scientists and engineers of Oxford. Her research group grants scheme continues to be in great Professor Jiang’s research group uses nano-scale measuring for whom career flexibility is essential. Ten is using magnetic resonance demand. These grants provide ‘seed corn’ instruments to determine surface textures and to identify Dorothy Hodgkin Fellows were appointed, imaging (MRI) technology to funding to enable young scientists to initiate ‘signatures’ left by manufacturing processes. Analysis of bringing the total number of scientists study the structure of the human brain, and to identify how these signatures can be used to predict the surface new projects and established scientists to supported to 58. and where different types of visual information are processed. interactions of a variety of manufactured objects and also to change the direction of their research. This work is already helping neurosurgeons to assess the risk determine errors in the manufacturing process. Her research Industry Fellowships are funded by the One hundred and sixty seven grants were of surgery damaging parts of the brain that are responsible group is working to develop measurement techniques and Royal Society, the Engineering and Physical for visual processing in patients. awarded in 2006/07. instrumentation in order to predict the safety and life-span Sciences Research Council, the of new products incorporating freeform surfaces. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences With the help of MRI physicists at Oxford, Dr Bridge’s research group is currently studying the ‘primary visual area’, which is ‘The Wolfson Research Merit award has given my reputation Research Council, the Natural Environment where the majority of the visual signals received via the eyes as a scientist a huge boost. It has provided me with extra Research Council, Rolls-Royce plc and enter the brain. They also plan to use MRI technology to study leverage for further funding and given our research team a AstraZeneca. Awards can be for any period a common childhood condition known as ‘lazy eye’ which much higher profile within the engineering research up to two years full-time or pro rata, and impairs a person’s perception of depth. community,’ says Professor Jiang. support knowledge transfer in science and

3 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 4 The Royal Society's Medals, Awards, Prizes and Prize INFLUENCE Lectures are an important POLICYMAKING WITH THE BEST SCIENTIFIC ADVICE part of our work in recognising excellence in science across the disciplines Awards, medals and prizes The Royal Society provides advice Biosciences and exist to reward those The Society’s premier medal, the Copley Medal, was and information working with The Royal Society and the Academy of Medical Sciences made a joint who have made outstanding awarded to Professor Stephen Hawking in recognition response to the Cooksey Review of UK Health Research. While of outstanding contribution to theoretical physics and a range of partners, on a welcoming the Government's proposal to form a single health achievements. Ten medals, ten theoretical cosmology. Professor Iain Campbell FRS and number of policy issues of global research budget, we stressed that it must be established with the prize lectures and thirteen Professor Joseph Silk FRS were awarded the Croonian and appropriate resources in order to ensure that more research is importance including biosciences; awards were made this year. Bakerian Lectureships respectively, and Professor Richard Fortey translated into health and economic benefits for the UK and FRS was awarded the 2006 Michael Faraday Prize. Dr Andrea energy; climate change; and new internationally. Publication of the Cooksey Review in December Journal of the Royal Society Interface Brand received the 2006 Rosalind Franklin Award and Professor and emerging technologies. showed acceptance of many of the suggestions made in the joint (launched in 2004) has moved from its first Kathy Sykes was awarded the 2006 Royal Society Kohn Award response, including the new model for the institutional arrangements. impact factor of 0.727 last year to 2.597 for Excellence in Engaging the Public with Science. For the full However, we also expressed our concern that without further new this year, which places it at 4th rank in listing of prize lectures given see the Highlights section. money to implement the proposed arrangements, basic research, which is essential for future innovation and the translational pipeline, its category. Royal Medals were awarded to Sir John Pendry FRS, Sir Tim Hunt FRS will be under-resourced. Online usage of Royal Society journals and Professor David Baulcombe FRS. Other medals awarded include: continued to grow at a prodigious rate Rumford Medal: Professor Jean-Pierre Hansen FRS The Society also responded to a number of consultations, including with total article downloads well over Davy Medal: Professor Martin Pope the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s inquiry 1 million for the first time (an increase of Darwin Medal: Professor Nicholas Barton FRS on the Government proposals for the regulation of hybrid and 88% over 2005/6). Usage rose dramatically Buchanan Medal: Professor Iain MacIntyre FRS chimera embryos and the Department for Environment, Food and in September with the launch of the Sylvester Medal: Sir Peter Swinnerton-Dyer Bt KBE FRS Rural Affairs Consultation on the co-existence of GM, conventional Digital Journal Archive which provides Hughes Medal: Professor Michael Kelly FRS and organic crops. complete access to every article published This year has also seen the launch of two major new medals for the PANDEMIC INFLUENZA www.royalsoc.ac.uk/issues by the Royal Society since 1665. The Society. The Royal Society Pfizer Award was given to Dr Alexis Energy launch of the Archive has proved to be Nzila, from the Kenya Medical Research Institute for his work on the Partnership work with the Academy In April, the Society responded to the Department of Trade and immensely popular with researchers and mechanisms of anti-malarial drug action. With our partners at the of Medical Sciences included the Industry’s Energy review consultation. Our key concerns were that librarians worldwide. Académie des Sciences, we also launched the Microsoft Award, a launch of Pandemic influenza: science to policy, a report of the reducing the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, in order Article submissions to the research journals major award of a quarter of a million Euros earmarked for research, study into pandemic influenza at a to mitigate the impacts on climate change and ocean acidification, also continued to rise reaching 3,000 which this year was given to Dr Dennis Bray for his work modelling stakeholder briefing attended by must be a primary driver for energy policy and that this must be papers for the first time (an increase of bacterial chemotaxis. both scientists and policymakers. achieved whilst providing a secure supply of energy. We highlighted 14% on 2005). Submissions to Interface Additional funding from the Office of Science and Innovation (OSI) The report concluded that whilst the that the most cost effective way to reduce emissions is by almost doubled allowing the Society to enabled the Society to award two Brian Mercer Awards for UK is better prepared than most introducing an economic instrument, such as a carbon tax or increase frequency from quarterly to Innovation to Dr Semali Perera of the University of Bath and countries in planning for pandemic auctioned tradeable permits. bimonthly publication. Professor Donal Bradley FRS of Imperial College. The number of influenza, there is scope to improve the extent to which scientific In our response to the publication of the Government’s Energy June 2006 saw the launch of the trial Brian Mercer Feasibility Awards doubled to eight, through evidence is used in policymaking. Review in July 2006, we highlighted the need for a huge increase open access publishing service, EXiS Open additional funding from the OSI and the ERA Foundation. The Recommendations included the in investment in clean technologies and in energy research to deliver Choice. Authors have the option of paying Awards were made at the Society’s flagship event celebrating appointment of a specialist non- these objectives. We drew attention to the need for greater funding a fee to have their paper published innovation and entrepreneurship – Labs to Riches – in February. governmental scientific adviser to the for energy research in the G8 Academies’ Statement on energy immediately online, making it freely www.royalsoc.ac.uk/awards Ministerial Committee of the Cabinet sustainability and security in 2006; we provided a significant available to anyone without a subscription. on Influenza Pandemic Planning and The Society organised nine scientific discussion meetings during the contribution to the G8 Academies’ 2007 Statement on This allows authors to meet the specific recommendations in relation period attracting 1858 participants. They were held on a variety of sustainability, energy efficiency and climate protection, due requirements of some funding bodies to to the use of antiviral drugs and topics including energy for the future; the science of climate change; for publication in May 2007. publish in open access. vaccinations in the face of an Gamma-ray bursts; and supramolecular nanotechnology. A full list influenza pandemic; the collection Also in July, the Society responded to the publication of the www.pubs.royalsoc.ac.uk of events can be found in the Highlights section. and sharing of data; and areas Committee on Radioactive Waste Management report. We www.royalsoc.ac.uk/events where further research is needed. welcomed the recommendation that geological disposal is the best available approach for the long-term management of radioactive

5 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 6 In the last hundred years The Society’s online guide to the human population has climate change controversies increased fourfold, and in the gives an overview of the last 50 years the global current state of scientific economy has quintupled in understanding of climate size, placing considerable change to help non-experts Sciences about a joint project. A joint international pressure on the world’s adaptation to, climate change and the effects of better understand some of the meeting with the Royal Academy of Engineering will natural resources. Science and increased carbon dioxide (CO2) while also achieving be held in Autumn 2007, examining the key issues the objectives of environmental policy (and biological debates in this complex area of related to demonstration of this technology and the technology have a key role diversity policy specifically). science, setting out, in simple Chinese Academy of Sciences has shown a strong interest in ensuring the sustainable December’s response to the UK House of Commons terms, where the weight of in being involved. development of the global Environmental Audit Committee’s enquiry into the Millennium scientific evidence lies. www.royalsoc.ac.uk/energy community. Ecosystem Assessment (MA) was generally supportive of the UK MA process and its findings. However, the full impact of the process Climate change Environment waste, and added that the recommendations will not be immediately apparent because of the time required for During September 2006, the Society was asked to review chapters The Society’s response to the UK should be acted upon urgently and that an implementation. While the MA framework and conclusions have had related to the science of climate change, in advance of publication of Government Marine Bill consultation independent overseeing body, with greater an impact on environment and biodiversity policy and science in the the Stern review on the economics of climate change. The launch strongly supported the sustainable scientific and technical capacity, should be UK, EU and internationally, further effort is required in other sectors. of the Stern review was held in the Society in October and was development intent of the Bill and the set up to supervise the implementation A UK Assessment report could be a useful exercise for testing the attended by Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and David Miliband. proposal to integrate and simplify the UK's process. In December, Defra consulted us assumptions of the MA models and current knowledge of UK drivers marine regulatory framework, emphasizing for names for a site selection expert group. The Society published an online guide to Climate change of ecological change. The Society also suggested priorities for the need for Defra to ensure that the controversies in April 2007 in response to the Channel 4 programme international and UK follow-up. In February 2007, following concerns about principles of ecosystem management, the ‘the Great Global Warming Swindle’. The guide explains eight the Government response to the CoRWM responsible use of science, and the The Society launched a new project on ground level ozone and controversies including: human influence on climate; the relationship report, we sent a letter to Sir Howard precautionary and polluter-pays principles climate interactions in the 21st Century. Expected to report in between temperature and carbon dioxide; the reliability of computer Dalton FRS (Chief Scientific Advisor of are applied consistently across the full November 2007 the project is global in scope and will consider models; the role of the solar radiation; the role of cosmic rays; and Defra) emphasising the importance of range of activities covered by the Bill. global ground-level ozone concentrations from 2030-2100. It will the balance between negative and positive effects of climate change. public engagement in the site selection evaluate the potential impacts of projected concentrations on the June’s response to the UK Royal process and the need for an independent In September 2006, the Royal Society wrote to ExxonMobil to environment and human health, and will evaluate the state of the Commission of Environmental Pollution’s successor body. express concern that some of its corporate publications were science and appropriate policy frameworks with the aim of initial consultation on a new project - The presenting a misleading view of the scientific evidence about climate identifying gaps and recommending possible options. In October, the Society launched a major environmental effects of novel materials change, over-emphasising uncertainties about what we do and don't www.royalsoc.ac.uk/environment study on the scientific and technological and applications – emphasised the role know. This letter followed a meeting which had taken place at the developments in biofuels for transport; that the scientific community has to play in request of ExxonMobil where the Society raised concerns about International security the report is due to be published in Autumn ensuring the responsible development of Exxon's position on climate change and the company's funding of September saw the Society co-host a workshop with the 2007. In March 2007, Defra approached new and emerging technologies and lobby groups that misrepresented the science. At the meeting International Council for Science (ICSU) and the InterAcademy Panel the Society to identify members for the supported the application of a life-cycle ExxonMobil indicated that it intended to stop funding these (IAP) on International Issues, attended by 84 leading international working group to peer review their approach to the study. forthcoming Biomass strategy. organizations. The letter asked for clarification as to when the scientific and policy experts from 23 countries. The workshop company would carry out this pledge. Although we have exchanged In August, the Society was asked to host a sought to inform delegates at the Sixth Review Conference of the International Biofuels Opportunities, further letters with ExxonMobil, it has still not addressed this issue. joint workshop on the topic of climate Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) of key relevant a multilateral event, was held in April 2007 change and biodiversity interactions. The scientific and technological developments. A statement of key points In November 2006, the Society invited a selection of Fellows and at the Royal Society, providing an invitation only workshop is now scheduled was circulated. The three partners co-hosted a lunchtime seminar to other relevant experts to participate in a Royal Society climate opportunity for scientists from Africa, for June 2007 and will be co-hosted by the launch the workshop report at the Review Conference in Geneva change advisory network. This is an information network used by the Brazil, India and the UK to share the latest Royal Society, Defra, DFID, the Royal in November. Royal Society to help inform the advice it provides on issues relating biofuel research and policy from their Botanical Gardens Kew, the UK Joint to climate change and to also help guide the strategic work The Society submitted evidence to the Quadripartite Committee's countries, to explore future collaboration Nature Conservation Committee, the UK programme of the Society in this policy area. post-legislative scrutiny of the Export Control Act 2002 and the and develop further links in this area. We Natural Environmental Research Council, orders made under the Act. The Society emphasised its commitment have also had discussions with the Chinese In March 2007, the Royal Society hosted a two day public discussion and the UK Hadley Centre. The broad aim to ensuring that academic freedoms are not unduly hindered by any Academy of Sciences about possible meeting on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of the meeting will be to investigate the new legislation or regulation, whilst noting that the scientific collaboration on biofuels. Working group 1 report: the physical basis of climate change. climate regulation function of ecosystems community recognizes its responsibilities in combating terrorism and This was a successful event and received significant interest from and to evaluate how this can be utilized to The Society has been considering work on weapons proliferation. Carbon capture and storage. Discussions members of the public, the academic and policy communities. maximize mitigation against, and were held with the Chinese Academy of www.royalsoc.ac.uk/climatechange

7 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 8 The Society is exploring and New and emerging technologies promoting the contribution to such as nanoscience and nano- economic development made technology involve studying and by the science base, and the working with matter on an ways that new ideas are ultra-small scale and encompass a The Society led the organization of a translated into new products, A submission to the Gowers review of the UK range of techniques rather than workshop that enabled international academic services and methods of intellectual property (IP) regime emphasised that experts on nanomaterials risk research to input into it is very rare for IP to be created without building on a single discipline. They stretch the work of the Organisation for Economic production, while furthering earlier work. While it is important for people to be across the whole spectrum of Cooperation and Development‘s working party on the role of responsible and rewarded for their work in order to encourage science, touching medicine, physics, manufactured nanomaterials. The Society worked with responsive science, engineering entrepreneurial activity, the maintenance of free information engineering and chemistry. the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina; the Royal Netherlands and technology in society. flow, freedom to research, and in some areas the flow of Academy of Arts and Sciences; RSC: the Academies of the Arts, experimental material, tissue or reagents, are crucial for the In January 2007, the Society began an Humanities, and Sciences of Canada; and the Science Council of Science base, innovation and development of science. It is therefore vital that the IP exemptions update of its 1998 report Management of Japan. The workshop was held in Dortmund, Germany on 21 March scientific information for research and private study are not undermined, particularly by 2007, prior to a meeting of sub groups of the working party. The technological developments. Separated Plutonium in light of The publication of A degree of concern? presentations and discussions at the workshop were referred to on a technological, economic and political in October 2006 represented the first Internationally, the Society has co-operated closely with the number of occasions at the following sub group meeting and the changes with the aim of launching an phase of the ‘Science Education and the Leopoldina Academy, to lead on the development of the Joint OECD is keen to continue dialogue with the academic community. updated report at the end of the summer. Economy’ project, with phase two due for science academies’ statement on growth and responsibility: A report of the meeting was produced to inform all working party In February, the Society wrote to the publication in late 2007. It sets out the the promotion and protection of innovation. Regarding science members prior to their next meeting. Secretary of State for Trade and Industry to background information and initial findings policy issues in Europe, the Society has continued to monitor www.royalsoc.ac.uk/nanotechnology urge the government to include the regarding the widespread concerns over developments such as the Bologna Process for the harmonization development of a management strategy for In December 2006, the Society published its report Digital the supply of skilled people needed to of Higher Education; and the development of the European Research separated plutonium as an important part healthcare: the impacts of information and communication maintain the UK as a leading knowledge Council and the European Institute of Technology. of its current deliberations on energy policy. technologies on health and healthcare. The report was produced economy. The report concentrates on Science in Society by a working group that included computer scientists, engineers, science, technology and mathematics New and emerging technologies healthcare professionals, an economist and a social scientist. In (STM) first degree courses in the UK. The The year marked the culmination of five years of the Society's The Society continued to maintain a high addition to an open call for evidence, three workshops were held to second phase of the project will explore Science in Society programme which was funded generously by the profile on the issues of the responsible elicit the views of healthcare professionals, patient and carer groups whether STM Higher Education provision, Kohn Foundation. A report, which celebrated the programme's development of nanotechnologies and scientists and technologists with experience in healthcare including postgraduate study, in the UK achievements, was launched as part of the British Association's Festival following on from its 2004 report on settings. A stakeholder event was held shortly after the publication will be fit for purpose in 2015 and beyond. of Science Presidential Reception in September. The programme is nanotechnologies and nanoscience. of the report to allow stakeholders to discuss the conclusions and Two responses were made to the House of now funded by OSI and has launched a range of new initiatives. Members of the Royal Society and Royal Commons Education and Skills Committee recommendations of the report. The Society is continuing to meet The Society partnered the Nanotechnologies Industry Association Academy of Engineering reconvened to inquiries into the future sustainability of with policy makers to discuss the recommendations of the report. and Insight (the investment arm of HBOS) to host a workshop on provide input into the joint academies’ the higher education sector, and into the www.royalsoc.ac.uk/digitalhealthcare how business could respond to the technical, social and commercial submission to the Council for Science and Bologna Process, both in December 2006. uncertainties around nanotechnologies. The workshop was well Technology’s review of Government’s The Society responded to the House of Commons Science and The Society responded to the Government attended by a range of manufacturers and retailers. The Society progress on nanotechnologies policy. Technology (HoC S&T) committee inquiry on space policy with the consultations on Research assessment is continuing to work with these partners to take forward the The Council’s review, published on 27 President presenting oral evidence before the committee later. reform, as well as to RCUK’s (Research recommendations that emerged from the meeting. March 2007, echoed many of the concerns A working group met to discuss and make a submission to the Councils UK) Consultation on the that the joint academies had raised. In British National Space Centre (BNSC) consultation on the UK civil A successful pilot MEP-Scientist Pairing Scheme took place and the efficiency and effectiveness of peer response to the review, the joint academies space strategy 2007-2010. Central to these responses was the scheme is being taken forward by the European Commission for 2007 review. Common themes, included the produced a policy statement and press Society’s call for a new, more proactive UK Space Agency to replace with support from the Royal Society and EASAC. importance of recognizing and rewarding release, highlighting the key issues again. the BNSC. As a ‘one stop shop’ for space, it would set out and excellent research in all forms, and the The programme continued to engage with stakeholders and supported The Government will respond to the implement a clear national space strategy; provide a focal point for need to have an assessment system that the evidence gathering workshops for the Digital Healthcare study. review within three months of the established and emerging areas of space science; and raise the will encourage positive and sustainable www.royalsoc.ac.uk/scienceinsociety publication of the report. profile of UK space activities within UK Government, wider society behaviour by individuals and research and internationally. A UK Space Agency would also help build the institutions. resources necessary for future and more extensive UK involvement in human spaceflight. www.royalsoc.ac.uk/spacepolicy

9 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 10 The Government won’t reap the returns from its INVIGORATE significant investment in SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION scientific research unless we have a workforce able to formulate great ideas and The Society has confirmed its Over the last 12 months the Society has been in a position of turn them into reality, and Advisory Committee on increasing influence with respect to science education, being commitment to its new strategic that takes not just expert Mathematics Education (ACME) invited to be a member of the Department for Education and Skills scientists but a whole raft of Continuing the success of the Advisory Committee on priority supporting science and (DfES) School Science Board and the DfES/DTI Science, Technology, Mathematics Education (ACME), which operates under technicians, managers and mathematics education by Engineering and Maths (STEM) Higher Level Strategy Group. The the auspices of the Society, reports were published on Society has also been acknowledged as playing a vital role in the support staff with a sound Mathematics in Further Education (FE) colleges (July) and appointing, for the first time, a future of STEM by the Government through the recommendations science education. Ensuring effective Continuing Professional Development for Director of Education to its staff. given in their STEM programme report published in November. teachers of mathematics in primary schools (September), while The Society has stimulated debate on key issues: organizing a advice was given to DfES and the Qualifications and Curriculum strategy seminar in June on the education aspects of the Authority (QCA) regarding the development of functional Government’s Next Steps document; publishing a report of its mathematics, progress with the National Centre for Excellence in conference on Increasing uptake of science A levels in July; giving the Teaching of Mathematics, and changes to GSCE mathematics. written and verbal evidence to the House of Lords Science and In February, ACME issued a statement (ACME Position Statement Technology Committee’s inquiry into science teaching in schools; on Mathematics GCSE1 and GCSE2) which recommended that at supporting the Royal Society of Chemistry in producing the report least 60% of pupils should be entered for both mathematics GCSEs Improving school laboratories? published in October; and jointly when they are rolled out in 2010, and hosted a major conference at funding a series of stakeholder meetings on the future of A levels in the Royal Society on the mathematical needs of 14-19 pathways. the sciences, held at the National Science Learning Centre in ACME has also been invited to take a stronger position of policy December. We have also been expanding and extending our evidence influence by joining the DfES’ School Maths Board and the DfES/DTI PARTNERSHIP GRANTS base for STEM education by developing a UK statistics database. Sir Alan Wilson FRS, STEM Higher Level Strategy Group. Chair of SCORE www.royalsoc.ac.uk/acme Teacher Phil Grilli-Chantler and Partnership Grants Support for teachers students from Portal House School in Providing direct support to schools remains a priority for the Society. One of the Society’s most significant The Society brought record numbers of post-16 students to its Dover were awarded a Royal Society Last year the Partnership Grants scheme awarded 61 grants totalling achievements during the last year Partnership Grant to work with an £122,478 to 32 Primary schools and 29 Secondary schools enabling has been to convene the SCORE Summer Science Exhibition in London. After attending, 79% of ecologist exploring biodiversity in their them to work with a scientist or engineer on existing, imaginative partnership. SCORE (Science them were more interested in science, and 62% were more likely to local woodland. Their project involved and relevant science projects. An independent evaluation of this Community Partnership Supporting consider a career in science. In addition, this year the Society took identifying different tree types, scheme concluded that ‘The scheme fills a unique role and is widely STEM Education) is a new the Exhibition to Glasgow and attracted nearly 1400 young people measuring soil properties, carefully valued’ and that ‘no other national grant scheme offers the same partnership between the Association from schools and colleges across Scotland. trapping insects and using keys for access to funding and degree of flexibility to teachers as the for Science Education, Biosciences identification. Perhaps the most Continuing the support and encouragement we offer teachers we Partnership Grants’. We are now looking to expand the scheme to Federation, Institute of Biology, important aspect of this project was Institute of Physics, Royal Society, organized Science on Show – an evening event in London as part of fully meet its potential. that this was a school for boys with Royal Society of Chemistry, and the Summer Science Exhibition which was attended by 343 science behavioural, emotional and social www.royalsoc.ac.uk/partnership Science Council. Launched in teachers and others in science education. In January we co-ordinated difficulties. Being able to leave school October and meeting on a monthly an event at the Association for Science Education annual conference for trips to natural woodland, make basis, SCORE is overseeing three entitled Girls in science: learning what works. Organized in their own scientific investigations, and major projects being managed by partnership with the Institute of Physics, and including Professor consider the evidence with respect to one or more of its members and Julia Higgins DBE FRS on a panel of scientists and educators, the hypotheses, gave the boys regularly invites key decision-makers the event was the third most well-attended of the meeting. something positive to focus on during and opinion-formers to meetings. science lessons. Their partner Nick In March Sir Alan Wilson FRS agreed Laying the foundations for new activities in support of the 2010 Delaney, Senior Ecologist for Dover to become Chair of SCORE. strategy, the Society has scoped potential Education Research District Council, provided them with a Fellowships by commissioning the National Foundation for scientific role model, and the students' Education Research to explore capacity-building in STEM (Science, enthusiasm for nature was awakened. Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education research, and has contracted two specialist teams to run pilot training courses for scientists interested in working with schools.

11 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 12 As the voice of UK science, we International Fellowships foster science and technology links INCREASE are dedicated to ensuring that between the UK and scientists from India, China, South East ACCESS TO THE BEST SCIENCE INTERNATIONALLY UK scientists are engaging Asia and North America. These highly competitive awards offer one-year fellowships enabling outstanding overseas with the best scientists postdoctoral scientists to conduct cutting-edge worldwide so they remain at research in the UK, undertaking a specific research Africa: The Society hosted a week-long workshop in London for all of The aim of the Society’s the forefront of world-class project with leading scientists in the field. Fifty-five the African academies of science, concurrently with hosting the international work is to science. The Royal Society has incoming fellowships were awarded this year. annual meeting of NASAC, the network of African academies, encourage global cooperation helping finalise their strategic and action plan. The Society also worked close links with most national Royal Society USA/Canada Research Fellowships have academies of science and promoted scientific collaboration between centres of on research and science policy, with NASAC on their high profile engagement with the group of African Science Ministers, and subsequently African Heads of State at leading scientific organisations excellence in the UK and North America since 2001. They to promote scientific capacity the AU summit, to emphasize the importance of science and across the world. enable outstanding North American postdoctoral scientists to building in developing countries, technology for African development. undertake high quality research in UK laboratories for one to three years. A sixth cohort of fellowships was awarded to scientists in a wide The Society continued to work with partners in Ghana and Tanzania Global organizations and initiatives and to facilitate collaborative range of scientific disciplines. Previous fellowship holders have gone on to explore ways of supporting the science community in those The Society has continued to work arrangements with partners to secure positions in both the UK and the USA, establishing research countries, and to assist institutional partners in fulfilling their roles of constructively with international and global links between teams on opposite sides of the Atlantic. from outside the UK. representing science and advising their governments. scientific organizations such as the International Council for Science (ICSU), The International Short Visits Scheme gives UK scientists Asia: Under the OSI's networking scheme the Society organized two The Society continued to work with Inter-academy Panel (IAP) and Inter-academy opportunities to visit other countries and overseas scientists the high-profile themed events in India and Korea. The Society, UKTi and DFID (Department for International Council (IAC). At the IAP general assembly opportunity to visit potential collaborators in the UK. The grants cover the British High Commission arranged a workshop in December for Development), OSI (Office of Science and in Alexandria in December 2006, the Society travel and subsistence for visits of between one and twelve weeks. leading UK and Indian researchers and decision makers, who met in Innovation) and other UK partners to was elected onto the Executive Committee The key objectives are to initiate one-to-one collaborations, explore Delhi to discuss innovation and entrepreneurship and future influence UK policy on development and of the organization, and subsequently asked opportunities to build lasting networks and to gain access to collaborations. In March in Seoul, jointly with the British Embassy, underline the role of science and to chair the Committee on Programmes and complementary equipment, data, observations and ideas. A total we arranged a multilateral event on vaccines for influenza, bringing technology in development efforts. Strategic Planning. The Society was also of 326 short visit grants were made, with 190 overseas scientists together scientists and policymakers from the UK, Korea, China, instrumental in the production and release visiting the UK and 136 UK scientists travelling overseas. www.royalsoc.ac.uk/international Japan and Vietnam to exchange information on current developments of the IAP joint statement on the in influenza vaccine research, to promote networking and to Conference Grants continue to be popular with the academic teaching of creationism, which received develop proposals for collaborative projects on pandemic and inter- scientific community. They are awarded to UK-based scientists to global media attention in summer 2006. pandemic vaccines. present their own paper or poster, or chair a session at an overseas The Society continued its collaborative work conference. Grants were made to 1,051 UK-based scientists. The Royal Society continues to play an active role in two European with the G8 Academies and the Academies level projects (COREACH and AOUDA), seeking to better coordinate The International Joint Project Scheme supports the travel and of India, Brazil, South Africa and China, to European partners in regard to funding collaborations with China and subsistence costs of collaborative research between a UK research produce joint statements designed to India respectively. The President visited India in January 2007, delivering group and one overseas. Covering a two year period grants give influence the Russian G8 summit, in the Blackett Memorial and Rajiv Gandhi lectures, and met with a scientists opportunities to link two centres of excellence, encouraging St Petersburg in July 2006. The statements number of partner organizations as well as both the President and links and international collaboration. One hundred and eighty-six on Energy sustainability and security BRAZIL DAY Prime Minister of India. The Foreign Secretary visited China in October new awards were made for UK scientists to work with colleagues in and on Avian influenza and infectious 2006 to attend the board meeting of the COREACH project and to Europe, the former Soviet Union and East and South East Asia, and disease contributed to shaping the summit The Society organized Brazil Day in discuss future collaboration with our Chinese partner organizations. under new agreements with India and South America. discussions on these topics. The Leopoldina London in May, bringing together Europe: The Royal Society-administered European Academies Science The Royal Society and the National Research Foundation in South scientists, funders and senior policy Academy is following up this initiative in Advisory Council (EASAC) continued to take an active role in Africa jointly support a programme of scientific exchanges between makers from Brazil and the UK. 2007 for the German G8 presidency. the UK and South Africa, which originally aimed to assist several Concurrent scientific workshops, and influencing EU policies. It undertook several tasks under its framework International grants historically disadvantaged universities to develop expertise and lengthy policy and funding discussions contract with the European Parliament, including a workshop on the The Society’s international grants promoted closer links between EU gas market and a report on oil shale. excellence in selected areas of science, engineering and technology, programme enables high-calibre UK scientists in the UK and Brazil. This but has now been extended to all universities in South Africa. Fourteen February’s successful Frontiers of Science meeting brought together 70 led to 2007 being declared the year of scientists to initiate collaborations, exchange projects and fellowships were ongoing under this programme. young postdoctoral scientists from the UK and the Visegrad countries UK science in Brazil by the British and ideas, develop new skills and gain www.royalsoc.ac.uk/funding of Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. Scientists were Brazilian governments, with a number experience through working with the of high-profile scientific networking selected from across all disciplines, giving participants an opportunity world’s leading researchers. activities underway. to forge international as well as interdisciplinary relationships.

13 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 14 Our innovative programme We held 18 public and prize lectures, answering such diverse INSPIRE of activities ranges from questions as: ‘Why creationism is wrong and evolution AN INTEREST IN THE JOY, discussion meetings, talks, right’ by Steve Jones, to ‘Why life speeds up as you get older’ by Douwe Draaisma. In November 2006, the lectures, prizes, awards, and WONDER AND EXCITEMENT OF SCIENCE Prime Minister gave a Royal Society lecture on the exhibitions to increased use theme of science and innovation to an invited of new media, such as web- audience in Oxford. The year has been marked by a Many are based upon the Society’s collections and encouraging casting. We stimulate interest interest in historical studies. The July 2006 Summer Science Exhibition The Society continued to promote itself and science in developing program of exhibitions in and debate on major hosted Library displays on Benjamin Franklin and on the Robert general, via the media, to policy makers, opinion formers and events intended to inspire Hooke Folio. In November 2006, an exhibition on The Royal Society scientific issues and connect and the general public. Key science issues to hit the headlines included climate change, stem cells and science education. The and entertain. and India was opened. contemporary scientists to the broader public. media relations team promoted the science behind climate change, Autumn and Spring seasons of talks and lectures were launched from particularly taking on those who sought to discredit or misrepresent October 2006, based on the Society’s archives and collections and the science. The Society also gave its public support to advances in The library catalogue of printed books now presented by a mixture of academic and curatorial staff. Topics ranged stem cell technology and won widespread media coverage for the contains 5,500 items of 20th century from Into the blue: voyages of discovery 1700-1850 to Whose launch of its report on pandemic influenza. It also hosted the live Fellows’ reprints, which has been launched Darwin is the real Darwin?, the latter drawing a capacity crowd of broadcast of a science-themed BBC Radio 4 Today Programme on as a separately searchable resource. over 90. More history of science conferences, prestige lectures and Anniversary Day. The profile of the Society’s journals in the media other events are planned. Podcasts of some of these talks have found Internal tours and external talks have continued to go from strength to strength, with the press office a wider audience and are proving a popular addition to iTunes. inspired a wide variety of audiences and developing increasingly efficient ways of ensuring journalists get Fundraising successes have allowed the Library to continue to work the Library routinely receives visits from TV timely information on upcoming papers. crews and has contributed interviews and on scholarly presentations of the Hooke Folio. These are matched www.royalsoc.ac.uk/news by more general presentations, including the Society’s first Turning archival material to a number of programs The website was the principal medium through which the Society the Pages presentation, to be available on the Society’s website. and features. CATALOGUING THE ARCHIVES communicated speedily with its global audiences. Highlights during A successful application to the Wellcome Trust’s Research Resources the year were the feature on climate change, in which top scientists in the History of Medicine scheme provided funding for an archive Rebecca Pohancenik has been shared their personal views with viewers, and the hugely popular cataloguer from November 2006, who will add 10,000 records to the exploring the Royal Society’s 20th Summer Science exhibition, with viewers more than doubling since archive database on 20th century medical and physiological papers. century medical archives aided by a 2005. The website received over 1.35 million visits in the year. grant from the Wellcome Trust. A private donation of £10,000 has allowed photographic work to Webcasting of lectures, award ceremonies and other events was commence in support of a proposed online Portraits Catalogue In cataloguing these materials for once again a prominent feature of the service with the archive of which will go live within the year. The catalogue will be promoted in researchers, Rebecca has revealed a webcast events growing to 150. The webportal was accessed varied and fascinating resource. partnership with the National Portrait Gallery. SCIENCE EXHIBITIONS 25,000 times, from 90 countries, covering six continents. The Among the earliest are letters from Donations of papers to the Society’s archives have included some podcasts received over 7,000 visits - the Royal Society is currently at 1902 written by scientific fieldworkers in Uganda investigating the cause of major collections, notably the personal or additional papers of: The Society held three successful number 31 in the iTunes list of Science and Medicine podcasts. sleeping sickness. Sir Nicholas Shackleton FRS (1937-2006) palaeo-oceanographer; science exhibitions, showcasing the http://tv.royalsoc.ac.uk Christopher Longuet-Higgins FRS (1923-2004), chemist and pioneer best of UK science to a total of nearly Later African material is contained in The Royal Society’s Aventis Prizes for Science Books 2006 award of artificial intelligence; and Sir Eric Denton FRS (1923-2007), 8000 visitors. The centrepiece was the the papers of pharmacologist John annual Summer Science Exhibition, ceremony was held in May. In their 18th year, the Prizes continued Henry Gaddum FRS. His sixties physiologist and marine biologist. held at the Society in July 2006. The to encourage the reading, writing and publication of high quality, correspondence with environmentalist Cataloguing has added many new items to the archive database. Exhibition was then successfully taken accessible science books, and are one of the world's most prestigious A M Harthoon on the safe transport The papers of Charles Blagden, 18th-19th century Secretary of the to Glasgow in September with the non-fiction literary prizes. They are managed by the Royal Society, of white rhinoceros is one of the first Royal Society were completed during this period, as were the papers support of Scottish Power. October attempts at population management with generous support from the Aventis Foundation. The 2006 Prizes 2006 saw a selection of 13 of the best of an endangered species. of John Henry Gaddum, the well-known 20th century marked the conclusion of the Aventis foundation’s titular support for Exhibits from the past two years at a pharmacologist; John Hall Gladstone’s scientific correspondence, the Prizes, and the Society seeks a new sponsor to carry the Prizes The Society’s own 1914-18 files on Science Day at Buckingham Palace, containing letters from key 19th century scientists such as Michael wartime food supply contain direct held as part of the Queen’s 80th forward and help develop them further. Faraday, John Tyndall and others were recorded; as were papers of interactions between Fellows and the birthday celebrations, and attended by The Junior Prize, selected by judging panels of young people the Royal Society Food (War) Committee, 1914-1919. The latter have public. ‘The Society enlisted the Scout 900 5th and 6th form students. In nationwide, went to ‘The Global Garden’ by Kate Petty, Jennie movement to gather horse chestnuts’, provided some insights into the Society’s early interactions with the addition, Her Majesty the Queen Maizels and Corina Fletcher (Eden Project, Random House). The Rebecca said, ‘which were used for general public on scientific issues arising from the Great War. hosted an evening reception for 500 General Prize was awarded to ‘Electric Universe - How Electricity acetone production in munitions www.royalsoc.ac.uk/library VIP guests from the UK scientific manufacture. This helped save grains community. The event received Switched on the Modern World’ by David Bodanis (Little, Brown that could be used for food’. widespread press coverage. Book Group). www.royalsoc.ac.uk/sciencebooks

15 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 16 SUMMARISED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BALANCE SHEET

The financial information given This statement is made solely to the Council of the Society, as a body As at 31 March 2007, the net assets of the Society were £194,452k. in accordance with the terms of our engagement. Our work has here is a summary extracted been undertaken so that we might state to the Council members Income £’000 from the Society’s audited those matters we have agreed to state to them in this statement and Parliamentary Grant-in-Aid 36,636 financial statements for the year for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Council Other grants for activities 7,290 ended 31 March 2007, which members (as trustees), for our work, for this statement, or for the Fellows’ contributions 171 was approved by its Council on opinions we have formed. Donations and legacies 47,583 5 July 2007. Respective responsibilities of trustees and auditors Investment income 2,349 The Council members are responsible for preparing the summarised Publications and services 5,681 The Auditor’s report was unqualified. financial statements in accordance with the recommendations of Total 99,710 A copy of the financial statements will be the Statement of Recommended Practice, Accounting and Reporting submitted to the Charity Commission. for Charities.

On behalf of the Trustees Our responsibility is to report to you our opinion on the consistency Expenditure £’000 Sir David Wallace, Treasurer of the summarised financial statements with the full financial Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation 32,255 5 July 2007 statements and Trustees' report. We also read the other information Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice 1,507 contained in the summarised annual report and consider the Independent Auditors’ Statement implications for our report if we become aware of any apparent Invigorate science and mathematics education 1,139 to the Council of the Royal Society misstatements or material inconsistencies with the summarised Increase access to the best science internationally 7,708 We have examined the summarised financial statements. Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and excitement of scientific discovery and other expenditure 3,458 financial statements of the Royal Society Basis of opinion on page 17. The summarised financial We conducted our work in accordance with Bulletin 1999/6, Governance 659 information may not contain sufficient The Auditor’s statement on the Summary Financial Statements, Fundraising 400 detail to allow for a full understanding of issued by the Auditing Practices Board for use in the UK. Publications and services 4,020 the Society’s financial affairs. For further information, the full annual financial Opinion Investment management 156 statements, the Auditor’s report on those In our opinion the summarised financial statements are consistent Total 51,302 financial statements and the Trustees’ with the full financial statements and the Trustees' report of Report should be consulted. Copies of the Royal Society for the year ended 31 March 2007. these can be obtained from the Society at 6–9 Carlton House Terrace, London, SW1Y 5AG. PKF (UK) LLP Registered auditors London, UK 5 July 2007

17 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 18 FUNDRAISING AND SUPPORT

Generous contributions from Thanks to the generosity of Fellows, friends, foundations, board Individuals Professor Douglas Higgs FRS Professor David Sherrington FRS members and the extraordinary legacy of Theo Murphy, the Society Dame Julia Higgins DBE FREng FRS Professor Roger Short FRS companies, trusts, Fellows and Professor Janis Antonovics FRS has already received pledges and donations totaling almost Sir Michael Atiyah Mr Peter Hingley Professor Bernard Silverman FRS friends are essential to the £69 million. Expanding the Society’s endowment is a critical OM HonFREng FRS Sir Andrew Huxley Professor Robert Simmons FRS OM HonFREng FRS Society’s work as a champion for objective of the campaign and nearly £60 million of the gifts and Mr PR Auber Professor Harry Smith FRS pledges to the campaign have been directed by donors towards the Professor John Baldwin FRS Sir David Jack CBE FRS Professor Peter Sneath FRS science, and enable the Society Society’s endowment. The Society’s challenge over the next three Professor Laurence Barron FRS Professor William Jencks ForMemRS Professor Anthony Spencer FRS (Deceased) years is to build on this magnificent foundation to create a broad Professor Allan Basbaum FRS Professor Marshall Stoneham FRS to maintain its independence Professor Thomas Jessell FRS base of support to aid the Society in strengthening science in the Mr John Bentley Professor Gilbert Stork ForMemRS and standards of excellence. Dame Louise Johnson DBE FRS UK and around the world through our five strategic goals. Professor Peter Biggs CBE FRS Sir John Sulston FRS Professor Philip Kocienski FRS Professor Tim Birkhead FRS Professor Edwin Taylor FRS The Society is pleased to welcome new donors and is grateful to its Sir John Krebs FRS As the Royal Society approaches the launch Dr Timothy Bliss FRS Professor John Taylor FRS long-standing donors whose generosity has made a significant and Professor Michael Lappert FRS of the 350th Anniversary Campaign we are Sir Walter Bodmer FRS Professor Martin Taylor FRS lasting impact on its work. Private philanthropic support allows the Dr John Lawson FRS grateful to those who have supported us Professor Gustav Born FRS Professor David Thouless FRS Society to be flexible in both meeting the needs of the scientific Professor William Levick FRS over the last 12 months. The Society has Professor Martin Bott FRS Professor Charles Townes ForMemRS community and maximizing the benefits of science to the public. Professor Steven Martin FRS set a goal to raise £100 million by 2010 to Professor Keith Bowen FREng FRS Dr David Trentham FRS Sir Ian McGregor CBE FRS (Deceased) extend the revolution in science for the In addition to these and other grants, the Society continues to Mr Roger Brooke Judge Mary Wakem Sir Tom McKillop FRS maximum benefit of the planet and its benefit tremendously from the generosity of donors who name the Professor Michael Brown FRS Sir David Wallace CBE FREng FRS Professor Keith McLauchlan FRS people. A board of leading figures in Society in their wills. Professor Robin Carrell FRS Professor Elizabeth Warrington FRS Professor Tom Meade CBE FRS science, business and philanthropy has Dr Allan Chapman Professor John Waterlow CMG FRS A complete list of the Society’s funding partners appears below. Professor Robert H Michell FRS been brought together to head the Professor Brian Charlesworth FRS Professor Bryan Webber FRS Professor Timothy Mitchison FRS Campaign, with Lord Sainsbury of Turville www.royalsoc.ac.uk/campaign Professor Deborah Charlesworth FRS Professor John Westcott FREng FRS Mr Keith Moore kindly agreeing to serve as Chair. Professor Nam-Hai Chua FRS Professor William Whelan FRS Dr Michael Morse Professor Edward Cocking FRS Professor Peter Whittle FRS Professor John Murrell FRS Professor Edward Corrigan FRS Professor Robert Williams CBE FRS Professor Frank Nabarro MBE FRS Dr Richard Crowther FRS Ms Carol Willock (Deceased) Professor Durward Cruickshank FRS Professor Edward Witten ForMemRS Professor John Newsom-Davis Professor Alan Cuthbert FRS CBE FRS Sir Martin Wood OBE HonFREng FRS LIST OF DONORS Mr Damon De Laszlo Sir Paul Nurse FRS Professor Carl Wunsch ForMemRS Professor Athene Donald FRS Mr Peter Nye FRS Professor Charles Yanofsky ForMemRS Professor Dianne Edwards CBE FRS Dame Bridget Ogilvie DBE FRS Trusts and Foundations Companies Dr Ian Young OBE FREng FRS The Society gratefully Professor Geoffrey Eglinton FRS Professor John Pearson FRS EP Abraham Cephalosporin Fund AstraZeneca plc Sir Christopher Zeeman FRS acknowledges the generosity Professor Harry Elliot CBE FRS Sir Michael Pepper FRS Darwin Trust of Edinburgh BP plc Sir Roger Elliott FRS Professor Mark Pepys FRS The Society also wishes to of individuals and organizations ERA Foundation Microsoft Research Professor Michael Fisher FRS Mr Martin Perkins acknowledge all donations that have The Gatsby Charitable Foundation Oxford University Press who have contributed during Sir Hugh Ford FREng FRS Professor John Pickett CBE FRS been made anonymously. The Kohn Foundation Pfizer Limited Dr Richard Fortey FRS Dr John Polkinghorne KBE FRS the period 1 April 2006 – Royal Commission for the Rolls Royce Group plc Legacies Professor Chris Frith FRS Sir Ghillean Prance FRS Exhibition of 1851 Professor Gordon Fogg CBE FRS 31 March 2007. Professor Uta Frith FRS Professor Peter Pusey FRS Salters' Company Organizations Rink Bequest Professor Geoffrey Fryer FRS Professor Benton Rabinovitch FRS The Sino-British Fellowship Trust Institute for Computational The Estate of Theo Murphy Professor Gary Gibbons FRS Dr Donald Ramsay CM FRS Alfred P Sloan Foundation Cosmology, Durham University Professor Christopher Graham FRS Miss Jenny Ramsden John Templeton Foundation New College, Oxford Professor Brian Greenwood CBE FRS Professor John Raven FRS James Weir Foundation Professor John Guest FRS Professor Osmund Reynolds CBE FRS Wellcome Trust Sir John Gurdon FRS Professor David Rhind CBE FRS Welton Foundation Professor Bryan Harrison CBE FRS Professor John Ringrose FRS The Wolfson Foundation Dr Adam Hart-Davis Professor Ian Shanks FREng FRS KC Wong Education Foundation

19 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 20 HIGHLIGHTS APRIL 2006 TO MARCH 2007

April September Public Events January Prime Minister Tony Blair's Royal Society address Scientific Discussion Meeting Public Events Mind - the gap? A panel discussion in partnership with Michael Faraday Prize Lecture Energy…. for the Future? Launch of the Stern Review on the economics of climate the Royal Society of Literature, featuring Nicky Clayton, A natural history of scientists: Dr Richard Fortey FRS change: Sir Nicholas Stern, Prime Minister Tony Blair and Doris Lessing, Will Self, Andrew Whiten and chaired by Public Event Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown Maggie Gee President’s visit to India Why creationism is wrong and evolution is right: Glasgow Science Exhibition In conversation with Michael Frayn Panel discussion To strengthen ties and foster collaboration Professor Steve Jones Royal Society Kohn Award for Excellence in chaired by Professor Lisa Jardine Blackett Memorial Lecture (Delhi) Exchanges in science and religion: The Reverend Engaging the Public with Science Our final century - will civilisation survive?: May Dr John Polkinghorne KBE FRS Awarded to Professor Kathy Sykes Lord Rees of Ludlow OM Kt PRS Into the blue: voyages of discovery 1700 -1850 The Royal Society GlaxoSmithKline Prize Lecture Scientific Discussion Meeting The Silver age: early photographs and portraits at the Rajiv Gandhi Science and Technology Lecture Plagues and Parasites: Professor Nicholas White OBE FRS Recent developments in the study of Gamma-ray bursts Royal Society (Bangalore) Beyond two cultures: The science of creativity: Panel 21st Century Science: cosmic perspectives and terrestrial Scientific Discussion Meeting Publications Social intelligence: from brain to culture discussion chaired by Dr Daniel Glaser challenges: Lord Rees of Ludlow OM Kt PRS Royal Society and ExxonMobil Prince of scientists: Sir Henry Dale, pharmacology and Publications Brazil Day ACME report on Ensuring effective Continuing Professional the Royal Society An opportunity for UK and Brazilian scientists to share Development for teachers of mathematics in primary schools Hot topics: the Royal Society’s Science Policy collection Response to the House of Commons Science and research; explore future collaborations and further Technology committee inquiry on Government proposals International workshop Anniversary Day existing links for the regulation of hybrid and chimaera embryos RS-IAP-ICSU international workshop on science and 2006 Anniversary Address: Lord Rees of Ludlow OM Kt Royal Society response to the Cooksey Review of UK The Royal Society’s Aventis Prizes technology developments relevant to the Biological and PRS Anniversary of the founding meeting of the Royal health research for Science Books 2006 Toxin Weapons Convention Society, including the presentation of the Society’s Awarded to The Global Garden (Junior prize) medals, awards and prize lectures February and Electric Universe (General Prize) October Scientific Discussion Meeting Labs to Riches Publication Croonian Prize Lecture Trace gas biogeochemistry and global change Stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship in science: Science and the public interest: communicating the Structure and the living cell: Professor Iain Campbell FRS Announcement of the Mullard and Mercer Award Winners Microsoft European Science Award results of new scientific research to the public Rosalind Franklin Prize Lecture Awarded to Dr Dennis Bray Scientific Discussion Meeting Constructing a nervous system: stem cells to synapses: Calcium signals and developmental patterning June Publications Dr Andrea Brand Response to the Next steps consultation on maximizing Publication Clifford Patterson Prize Lecture Public Events the impact of science on innovation ACME Position Statement on Mathematics GCSE1 and Plastic fantastic: electronics for the 21st century: Why life speeds up as you get older: Pandemic influenza: science to policy GCSE2 Sir Richard Friend FRS Professor Douwe Draaisma Report of the international workshop on science and Scientific Discussion Meeting Scientific communities and portraiture: technology developments relevant to the Biological and March Supramolecular nanotechnology for organic electronics Professor Ludmilla Jordanova Toxin Weapons Convention Science Day at Buckingham Palace Public Event Publication December Whose Darwin is the true Darwin? Scientific Discussion Meeting Submission to the House of Lords Select Committee on Balloon madness: science versus spectacle in early aeronautics Mental processes in the human brain Francis Crick Prize Lecture Science and Technology inquiry into ‘Science teaching Endurance and discovery: polar expeditions in schools’ Royal Society Pfizer Award Deciphering disease: disruption on the molecular highways of cell communication: Professor Dario Alessi Bakerian Prize Lecture Awarded to Dr Alexis Nzila July The dark side of the universe: Professor Joseph Silk FRS Partnership Launch Public Events Publications Launch of SCORE partnership Continuing the voyages of the Endeavour: Scientific Discussion Meetings Dr Mike Griffin, Head of NASA The science of climate change: A Royal Society showcase G8 Academies’ Statements on Energy sustainability and International workshop security and on Avian influenza and infectious diseases Robert Hooke: the archival tragedy of dying intestate: of the IPCC 4th Assessment Working Group 1 Report UK-Taiwan nanoscience workshop ACME report on Mathematics in Further Education Professor Lisa Jardine and Dr Robyn Adams Mixed valency in chemistry, physics and biology Increasing uptake of science post-16 Publication Islam and science: beyond the troubled relationship: Professor Ziauddin Sardar Publications A degree of concern? First degrees in science, technology Public Events UK-India Mind to Market Conference: Delegation to Two-year review of progress on Government actions: and mathematics Summer Science Exhibition showcase the UK's science-innovation-industry sector at Joint academies response to the Council for Science and Science Communication Conference 2006 the India R&D 2006 Mind to Market Conference Technology’s call for evidence November Network of African Science Academies UK visit Letter to Secretary of State for Trade and Industry Rutherford Memorial Lecture (New Zealand) regarding cuts to the Research Councils’ budgets The great ideas of biology: Sir Paul Maxime Nurse FRS Wilkins Prize Lecture Publications Report of the dialogue involving academia and the Benjamin Franklin in Europe: electrician, academician, Response to the Environmental Audit Committee’s members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation New Fellows Seminar and Admission Day politician: Professor John Heilbron enquiry into the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and Development’s Working Party on Manufactured New Fellows present their work and formal admission Digital healthcare: the impacts of information and Queen’s Lecture (Berlin) Nanomaterials of the 2006 new Fellows and Foreign Members communication technologies on health and healthcare Lord Rees of Ludlow OM Kt PRS Webcast available at www.royalsoc.ac.uk/webcasts Podcast available at www.royalsoc.ac.uk/podcasts

21 The Royal Society – Shaping the future Review of the Year – 2006/07 22