84 Meri Iannuzzi - www.mi0054.com GRAPHIC DESIGN Richard Jacques ENGLISH TRANSLATION www.latrama.cat PRODUCTION Fundació BIT Barcelona council WITH THE SUPPORT OF El globus vermell EDITION El globus vermell AND DRAWINGS IIDEA, TEXTS, PHOTOGRAPHS BARCELONA IN THE EIXAMPLE BLOCKS. INTERIOR GARDENS 3701 36 99174 Interior gardens in USUAL OPENING TIMES USUAL 10.00 – 19.00 (winter) / 21.00 (summer) El globus vermell © for the texts and images: El globus vermell, 2018 © for the edition: ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Massimiliano Corbo and Pau Planelles Oliva (Fundació BIT), Martínez Garcia, Yolanda Lacasa Puigmal d'Espais Verds i Biodiversitat), David Juan Miguel Pérez Díez (Direcció de Serveis de Sant Martí), Coloma Rull Sabaté and l'Eixample), Jordi Segués Planes (Districte Grifell and Maria Bonet Lucas (Districte de Marzo Carpio (Bagursa), Elisenda Capera Joaquim Pascual Sangrà and Carmen d'Arquitectura Urbana i Patrimoni), Marc Aureli Santos (Direcció de Serveis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS the Eixample blocks.

Barcelona B 7445-2018 B RELATED BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATED “Els interiors d’illa de l’Eixample” (texts) and Colita Lluís Permanyer (photographs). ProEixample. 2003 “Els interiors d’illa de l’Eixample. El significat dels seus noms” and Lluís Permanyer Jesús Portabella (texts) and Floro Azqueta (photographs). Lunwerg Editores. 2007 “Itineraris pels interiors d’illa de l’Eixam - ple i altres indrets per descobrir” IIsabel de Villalonga (texts) and Floro Azqueta (photographs). ProEixample. 2007

INTERIOR GARDENS IN important actress for dubbing school and nursery school and Noucentisme. He was also a . THE EIXAMPLE BLOCKS. in Spanish. (under construction) researcher and art historian. He Laura Albéniz Jordana JAUME PERICH CATERINA ALBERT Mercè Plantada i Vicente IRENE POLO FACILITY: “El Clot de la Mel” JOSEP MARIA BARCELONA was the founder of Friends of (Barcelona, 1890 - 1944). Illus- GARDENS GARDENS (Barcelona, 1892 - Vilafranca GARDENS nursery school SOSTRES GARDENS Emma de Barcelona Old Art (1929), dean of the Ins- trator and painter in the Noucen- GRAN VIA DE LES CORTS ROSSELLÓ, 395 + PTGE. MARINER del Penedès, 1976). Soprano RAMBLA DEL POBLENOU, 147 PG. TAULAT, 224+236 + SELVA DE (880 - Sant Joan de les titute of Architects (1932) and tisme movement, daughter of CATALANES,31 657 BIS SURFACE38 AREA: 2.050 M² specialising in lieder. She made + LLACUNA,57 146 Leonor Serrano Pablo MAR,70 3 + PROVENÇALS, 2 Abadesses, 942). The daughter founder of the Gaudí Studies the pianist and composer Isaac SURFACE AREA: 1.220 M² OPENING: 1993 her debut in 1913 with a lieder SURFACE AREA: 4.710 M² (Hinojosas de Calatrava, Ciudad SURFACE AREA: 6.060 M² of Wilfred the Hairy and Centre (1952). Albéniz and Rosina Jordana. OPENING: 2002 recital at the Palau de la Música OPENING: 2004 Real, 1890 - Madrid, 1942). OPENING: 2003 Guinidilda, count and countess With Xavier Gosé, she is regar- + INFO: Previously it had been Caterina Albert i Paradís Catalana. She performed with Educationalist, lawyer and SAFO GARDENS of Barcelona. She was the first ded as the precursor of Art Deco the Rosal textile estate. (L’Escala, 1869 - 1966). Writer, all the leading orchestras of the Irene Polo i Roig writer who defended women’s Josep Maria Sostres i Maluquer ROMA, 20 + VALÈNCIA, 11 abbess of Sant Joan de les MERCÈ VILARET in Catalonia. known by her pen name Víctor time and gave recitals in many (Barcelona, 1909 - 1942). Jour- rights, such as the vote or the (La Seu d’Urgell, 1915 - Barcelo- + LLANÇÀ , 48 Abadesses convent and through GARDENS Jaume Perich i Escala Català. She is outstanding for European and North African nalist, publicist and Catalan conciliation of work and family. na, 1984). Architect. Specialised SURFACE AREA:1 4.970 M² her life she managed to increase FLORIDABLANCA, 141 (Barcelona, 1941 - Mataró, her forceful style and great lexi- capitals. theatre representative. She was She wrote a number of books on in the construction of single OPENING: 2001 its properties substantially. SURFACE19 AREA: 610 M² 1995). Graphic humorist and cal wealth. She wrote the novel one of the first women journa- education and women. family dwellings. His work reco- + INFO: This was the site of the OPENING: 2007 writer. As a very young man Solitud (1905), one of the crucial MANUEL DE PEDROLO lists in the Catalan press. With vers the links with contempo- Numància barracks. . he already stood out, in the literary works of Modernisme. GARDENS ALÍCIA DE LARROCHA Franco’s victory she settled in rary currents, interrupted by the TETE MONTOLIU ERMESSENDA DE Mercè Vilaret i Llop Barcelona press as a graphic hu- DIPUTACIÓ, 459-463 GARDENS Buenos Aires, where she worked PLAÇA JOSEP Civil War. He was one Sappho (of Lesbos) GARDENS CARCASSONA GARDENS (Barcelona, 1943 - Sant Cugat morist with a personality of his SURFACE44 AREA: 970 M² ÀLABA, 48 as a translator and publicist. ROVIRA of the founders of Grup R (1951) (Isle of Lesbos, c. 650 BC - 580 SEPÚLVEDA, 90-92 COMTE D’URGELL, 145-147 del Vallès, 1993). Television own and during the transition BEATRIU DE PROVENÇA OPENING: 1997 SURFACE51 AREA: 2.840 M² She committed suicide at the ANDRADE, 10 + LOPE DE VEGA, 233 and a teacher at the Barcelona BC). Greek composer and SURFACE AREA:7 2.770 M² SURFACE13 AREA: 1.500 M² producer, pioneer in her profes- became enormously popular GARDENS OPENING: 1992 age of 32. + GRAN64 VIA DE LES CORTS Architecture School. poet. She composed songs for OPENING: 2007 OPENING: 2011 sion in Catalonia and a staunch thanks to his political satire. NÀPOLS, 244 Manuel de Pedrolo i Molina CATALANES, 923-929 + 931-941 weddings in which she descri- FACILITIES: Teresa Pàmies defender of public television. SURFACE39 AREA: 1.450 M² (L’Aranyó, 1918 - Barcelona, Alícia de Larrocha i de la Calle bes an amorous passion addres- Tete Montoliu cultural centre + Left Eixample She left her mark thanks to an OPENING: 2010 1990). Writer who worked in (Barcelona, 1923 - 2009). Pianist ADA BYRON Josep Rovira i Canals PEPA COLOMER sed to women, in particular to (Barcelona, 1933 - 1997). Jazz library - Agustí Centelles + extreme sensitivity to inequali- ROGER DE FLOR, 191 FACILITY: “La Fassina” nursery all the literary genres: poetry, and composer, considered one GARDENS (Rubí, 1902 - Boulogne- GARDENS Aphrodite, and presents desire pianist, blind at birth. In 1955 Urgell civic centre ties and social problems. CASA ELIZALDE GARDEN school theatre, narrative and short sto- of the best of her generation. DIAGONAL, 175 + RAMBLA DEL PO- Billancourt, France, 1968). HONDURES, 27 + FELIP II, 42 as an irrational and powerful he began an international ca- GARDENS ROGER DE FLOR, 191 + INFO: Located on old land ries. He is considered the most She performed all over the BLENOU,58 137 + TÀNGER, 139+149 Bricklayer and politician. He 71 force. reer giving concerts all over the Ermessenda de Carcassona VALÈNCIA, 302 SURFACE32 AREA: 480 M² of the Myrurgia factory, the prolific writer of Catalan letters world, making regular tours SURFACE AREA: 3.430 M² was a member of Catalan State, Pepa Colomer i Luque world and performing with the (Carcassonne, c. 973 - Sant ELENA MASERAS SURFACE26 AREA: 660 M² (1ST STAGE) main building of which is still and an intellectual committed throughout the second half of OPENING: 2006 the Catalan Proletarian Party (Barcelona, 1913 - Surrey, best jazz musicians of the time. Quirze de Besora, 1058). GARDENS OPENING: 1985 OPENING: 2014 (1ST STAGE) conserved. to his time and his country. the 20th century and enjoyed and the Workers and Peasants England, 2004). The first Cata- SEBASTIÀ GASCH Countess consort of Barcelona, ROSSELLÓ, 161-169 FACILITY: Casa Elizalde cultural + INFO: It is being extended to great international recognition. Ada Byron Block. He was a member of lan woman aviator in history. GARDENS Girona and Osona. She was the SURFACE20 AREA: 1.070 M² centre connect with Casa Macaya Beatriu de Provença . (London, 1815 - 1852). Mathe- the executive of the Marxist During the Civil War she trained ROCAFORT, 87 + ENTENÇA, 62 MARIA MANONELLES most influential woman of the OPENING: 2005 (1233 - Nocera, Italy, 1267). The PERE IV - JOAN matician and physicist, she was POUM and organised the Lenin new pilots for the Spanish Re- SURFACE AREA:2 2.100 M² GARDENS Catalan counties in the Middle FACILITY: Hospital Clínic outpa- Casa Elizalde last Catalan countess of the D’ÀUSTRIA - AV. PLAÇA HENRY the first woman programmer in Column. Exiled in France, he public Air Force. When the war OPENING: 1994 CALÀBRIA, 38 Ages, when she ruled alone or tients department House built in 1888 by the county of Provence (1245-1267) BOGATELL GARDENS DUNANT the history of computers. She fought in the Resistance to the ended she went into exile, first SURFACE AREA:8 430 M² successively with her husband, architect Emili Sala i Cortès. It and queen consort of Naples PERE45 IV, 8-10 + BOGATELL, 80 CÒRSEGA, 643 + PTGE. UREÑA + worked with Charles Babbage Third Reich. in France and then in England. Sebastià Gasch i Carreras OPENING: 2010 her son and her grandson. Elena Maseras i Ribera was the residence of the Elizalde and Sicily (1266-1267). PTGE.52 IGUALTAT + PTGE. PARÍS on the design of an analytic (Barcelona, 1897 - 1980). Writer FACILITY: Eixample District (Vila-seca, 1853 - Mahon, 1905). family until 1965 and at the SURFACE AREA: 860 M² machine capable of solving and art, film and music-hall municipal archive Doctor and teacher, In 1872 same time headquarters of the MARGARIDA COMAS OPENING: 1997 differential equations. PLAÇA critic. Regarded as one of the OLD URGELL CINEMA she became the first woman to Elizalde SA company, one of the ENRIQUETA SÈCULI GARDENS INFÀNCIA fundamental critics of the Ca- Maria Manonelles i Riera GARDENS be admitted as a student to the biggest car factories in Spain in GARDENS LLULL, 32 + JOAN D’ÀUSTRIA, 51 + Jean Henri (or Henry) Dunant FLUVIÀ, 205 + BAC DE RODA, 182 talan avantgarde, he published (Mollerussa, 1913 – Pyrénées (IN PROGRESS) Barcelona Faculty of Medicine. the early 20th century. PTGE. SIMÓ, 9-13 RAMON46 TURRÓ, 21 (Geneva, 1828 - Heiden, 1910). A 72 in the Gaseta de les Arts, D’ací i Orientales, 2004). Political COMTE14 D’URGELL, 31 + Discouraged by bureaucratic Since 1981 the building has SURFACE40 AREA: 800 M² + INFO: A brick chimney has Swiss businessman who carried d’allà and L’amic de les arts. He and trade union activist. She COMTE BORRELL, 82 difficulties, she gave up prac- been the property of Barcelona OPENING: 2010 been conserved, recalling the out a number of humanitarian PLAÇA SOLEDAD was one of the first supporters began her political militancy tising medicine and devoted council. industrial past of the district. initiatives. In 1901 he won the GUSTAVO of the work of Joan Miró. in the 1920s and contribu- herself to teaching. CONSTANÇA D’ARAGÓ Enriqueta Sèculi i Bastida Nobel Peace Prize for his contri- RAMBLA GUIPÚSCOA, 70 ted to a number of workers’ CÀNDIDA PÉREZ GARDENS (Barcelona, 1897 - 1976). Edu- bution to the creation of the Red 73 publications, where she often GARDENS . CARME BIADA ROGER DE FLOR, 194-198 cationalist and feminist writer. Margarida Comas i Camps Cross (1863) and for promoting Teresa Mañé i Miravet wrote about problems specific COMTE BORRELL, 44-46 PLACETA JOAN BROSSA GARDENS SURFACE33 AREA: 1.096 M² She was the founder of the (Alaior, 1892 - Exeter, England, the Geneva Convention (1864). (known as Soledad Gustavo) to women. During the Franco SURFACE15 AREA: 1.190 M² ROSSELLÓ, 191 BRUC, 153 + ROGER DE LLÚRIA, 132 OPENING: 2010 Women’s and Sports Club, one 1973). Biologist, educationalist OLD VALENCIA ROAD - (Vilanova i la Geltrú, 1865 - dictatorship she was exiled in OPENING: 2009 SURFACE AREA: 1.060 M² SURFACE27 AREA: 689 M² FACILITY: Right Eixample of the Catalan cultural action and lecturer at Barcelona Uni- LOPE DE VEGA - PALLARS Perpignan, 1939). Educatio- France. FACILITIES: Sant Antoni - Joan OPENING:21 2010 OPENING: 2007 primary care centre platforms among leftwing inte- versity. She was a great advocate MONTSERRAT ROIG - BILBAO GARDENS nalist, publisher, writer and Oliver library + senior citizens’ + INFO: Here we find the visual FACILITY: “Casa dels Nens” llectuals during the 1920s and of innovation in teaching, social GARDENS LES CULLERES CAMÍ65 ANTIC DE VALÈNCIA, 68 + anarcho-syndicalist journalist. centre poem Faune, by Joan Brossa. nursery school Constança d’Aragó i d’Entença 30s, and was a member of many equality and women’s rights. ROSSELLÓ, 488 + PROVENÇA, 533 GARDENS PALLARS, 293 She founded and edited La ELS TRES TOMBS + INFO: Here there was a sweet (Balaguer, ca. 1318 - Montpe- other entities. From 1937 she lived in exile in SURFACE53 AREA: 2.910 M² PALLARS, 220 + RAMBLA DEL Revista Blanca. She was the GARDENS factory, of which the chimney Joan Brossa i Cuervo Carme Biada llier, 1346). Princess of Aragón England. OPENING: 1996 POBLENOU,59 83 + PUJADES, 165 wife of Joan Montseny (Federico MANSO, 24-28 + CALÀBRIA, 8 has been conserved. (Barcelona, 1919 - 1998). (Barcelona, 1874 - 1949). Wife and queen consort of Mallorca + INFO: Until 1992 the site of the FACILITY: Maria Gràcia Pont JAIME GIL DE BIEDMA Urales) and mother of Frederica SURFACE AREA:9 1.780 M² Poet, dramatist and visual of Arturo Elizalde, engineer (1325-1346). In 1336 she ma- CLOTILDE CERDÀ old Damm factory. There is still a games library GARDENS Montseny. . OPENING: 2001 Càndida Pérez i Martínez artist, although he referred to and founder of the Elizalde SA rried Jaume III of Mallorca in GARDENS large copper beer tank. ESPRONCEDA, 5+15 + LOPE DE “LA FAVORITA” GARDENS FACILITIES: Between the 1920s (Olot, 1893 - 1989). Singer and everything he did as poetry. He company. When her husband Perpignan. They had a son and MARINA, 197 + SARDENYA, 254 BIS “Les Culleres” VEGA,66 4+6 (IN PROGRESS) and 1990s the Galletas Montes composer of music hall songs. was one of the founders of the died she became one of the first a daughter. SURFACE41 AREA: 3.260 M² Montserrat Roig i Fransitorra (Metales y Platería Ribera SA) SURFACE AREA: 5.290 M² PLAÇA RAMON SEPÚLVEDA, 50 factory was here. Author of some of the best avantgarde artists group Dau al Catalan businesswomen and OPENING: 2003 (Barcelona, 1946 - 1991). Writer (1912-1986). Cutlery factory OPENING: 2003 CALSINA 3 known Catalan music hall songs Set (1948) and one of the first undertook a project to manufac- FACILITY: Planned school in Catalan of novels, short stories, founded by Joaquim Ribera i SELVA DE MAR, 9-11 + Els Tres Tombs in the 1920s. She performed advocates of the visual poetry of ture aeroplane engines. CARLIT GARDENS reportages and newspaper Barnola. It soon became one Jaime Gil de Biedma y Alba PROVENÇALS,74 10+14 ROSA DEULOFEU During the festivities of St with great success in cities in Catalan literature. ROGER DE FLOR, 160 BIS Clotilde Cerdà i Bosch articles. She also presented and of the landmark factories in (Barcelona, 1929 - 1990). Poet + INFO: In the centre of the GARDENS Antony, protector of animals, Europe and South America and . SURFACE AREA: 445 M² (Barcelona, 1861 - Santa Cruz directed television programmes, Poblenou, both for the large writing in Spanish, he is one square is the Besòs Water PARÍS, 80 + VILADOMAT, 281 + the Tres Tombs cavalcades are lived for thirty years in Brazil. RECTOR OLIVERAS OPENING:34 1995 de Tenerife, 1926). Harpist and where she distinguished herself number of local people who of the leading authors of the Tower and the House of Valves, CALÀBRIA,4 264 held. They consist of taking FERRAN SOLDEVILA GARDENS FACILITIES: Carlit school composer, she performed all as an interviewer of other writers. worked there and for its central generation of the 50s. His poetry designed by Pere Falqués and SURFACE AREA: 3.480 M² three turns with the horses GARDEN AT BARCELONA PTGE. RECTOR OLIVERAS, 6 + senior citizens’ centre over the world under the stage She was a militant of the socialist location. evolves from a strong social and built in 1882 to supply water to OPENING: 2010 and other pack animals, in UNIVERSITY (ARAGÓ,28 299) name Esmeralda Cervantes. FLORA TRISTAN PSUC until 1978. intimate content at the begin- Barcelona. + INFO: Initially called Gardens ancient times around a great GRAN22 VIA DE LES CORTS CATALA- SURFACE AREA: 1.000 M² Carlit She was also socially com- GARDENS ning towards clearly nihilist of the Old Bayer Factory. They bonfire and, with the coming of NES DE LES CORTS CATALANES, OPENING: 2002 Pic Carlit or Pica del Carlit mitted: she came out against PADILLA, 204-210 JOANA TOMÀS positions. Ramon Calsina i Baró have conserved the factory Christianity, around the church 585 + ARIBAU, 2-6 + DIPUTACIÓ, (2,921 m) in the northern axial slavery and the death penalty SURFACE47 AREA: 1.710 M² GARDENS (Barcelona, 1901 - 1992). Painter chimney. of Sant Antoni. 230 Rector Oliveras Pyrenees is the highest moun- and in favour of peace. OPENING: 2003 MALLORCA, 628+632+636 + and draftsman with a very SURFACE AREA: 12.640 M² (L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 1884 tain in La Cerdanya. FACILITY: Espai 210, VALÈNCIA,60 641+645 + GABRIEL JOAN FUSTER personal style, a kind of magical Rosa Deulofeu i González OPENING: 1871 - Barcelona, 1953). After being a sociocultural centre Y GALÁN, 16+20 GARDENS realism, precise and stylised, far (Barcelona, 1959 - 2004). Spread MARIA ASSUMPCIÓ + INFO: The historic Central priest in various parishes in Ca- SURFACE AREA: 4.620 M² PG. TAULAT, 142+148 + BAC DE removed from the conventiona- the Christian message among CATALÀ GARDENS University building was erected talonia for almost fifteen years, OLD HORTA ROAD Flora Tristan RODA,67 5 + ESPRONCEDA, 6 lism and currents of the time. young people. She devoted her- COMTE BORRELL, 305-307 between 1863 and 1893 after a in 1921 he entered the parish of GARDENS (Paris, 1803 - Bordeaux, 1844). Joana Tomàs i Sabaté SURFACE AREA: 6.190 M² His work stands out for its self to the training of monitors SURFACE10 AREA: 730 M² neo-Romanesque project by the the Puríssima Concepció as an AUSIÀS MARC, 78 + ALÍ BEI, 55 French writer and social activist (Barcelona, 1933 - 1982). From OPENING: 2003 superb mastery of technique. and leisure centre directors OPENING: 2011 BEATRIU PINÓS-MILANY architect Elies Rogent. The gar- economist. He was appointed SURFACE35 AREA: 2.810 M² of Peruvian origin. Regarded as an early age she was a member of and took part in a number of FACILITIES: Primary care centre + GARDENS dens were conceived by Josep rector in 1948. OPENING: 2003 one of the founders of modern the Gràcia Catalan Excursionist Joan Fuster i Ortells entities, such as the Pere Tarrés social services centre ROSSELLÓ, 149-153 Mirabent as a botanical garden FACILITY: Fort Pienc social feminism. She was the first Union, where she forged her Ca- (Sueca, 1922 - 1992). Valencian Foundation or the Barcelona SURFACE16 AREA: 2.120 M² with more than eighty species. services centre woman to talk about socialism DIAGONAL - CIUTAT DE talan nationalism and love of the writer, considered one of the Recreation School. Maria Assumpció Català i Poch OPENING: 2011 and the workers’ struggle. She GRANADA - BOLÍVIA - mountains. In the early 70s she most important essayists (Barcelona, 1925 - 2009). Mathe- FACILITY: CEK Ferran Soldevila i Zubiburu Horta Road coined the slogan “Workers of BADAJOZ GARDENS became an active member of the writing in Catalan of the 20th matician and astronomer. She (Esther Koplowitz) biomedical (Barcelona, 1894 - 1971). Poet, The Horta road linked Barcelona the world, unite”. DIAGONAL,54 205-211 + CIUTAT PSUC and in 1975 founded the century. His works also spans taught at Barcelona University research centre dramatist and narrator, he is with the old town of Horta where, ANAÏS NAPOLEON DE GRANADA, 143 + BOLÍVIA, 45 Clot-Camp del Arpa Neighbour- linguistics, history and philo- from 1952 to 1991. In 1970 she best known as one of the great since the Middle Ages, great lan- GARDENS + BADAJOZ, 166 hood Association sophy. He was a civic reference became the first woman to ob- Beatriu Pinós-Milany 20th century Catalan historians. downers of the plain of Barcelona MARINA, 155 TÀNGER - PAMPLONA OPENING: 2017 point in Valencia and in the mo- tain a doctorate in mathematics (Catalonia, 1433 - Palma, had built their summer residen- SURFACE42 AREA: 1.610 M² - SANCHO DE ÁVILA - FACILITY: Primary care centre vement for the normalisation of there. In 2009 she was awarded 1485). Baroness. Protector, ces to escape from a crowded and OPENING: 2015 ZAMORA GARDENS TECLA SALA the Valencian language. the Sant Jordi Cross. promoter and disseminator of PALAU ROBERT unhealthy city. TÀNGER,48 20 + PAMPLONA, 125 + GARDENS the work of Ramon Llull. On her GARDENS Anaïs Napoleon SANCHO DE ÁVILA, 15-35 CA L’ARANYÓ BILBAO, 155 + CASTELLA, 40 MENORCA - TREBALL - initiative the General Llull Study CÒRSEGA, 306-310 + PG. DE GRÀ- (Anne Tiffon Cassan) GARDENS (IN PROGRESS) SURFACE61 AREA: 2.800 M² CARLES BARRAL HUELVA - SELVA DE MAR MARIA MERCÈ MARÇAL in Mallorca, the origin of the CIA,23 107 + ROSSELLÓ, 249 TORRE DE LES LA SEDETA GARDENS (Narbonne, 1827 - Barcelona, BOLÍVIA + ROC BORONAT + OPENING: 2006 GARDENS GARDENS GARDENS future Mallorca University, was SURFACE AREA: 3.795 M² AIGÜES GARDENS SICÍLIA, 321 + PTGE. LLAVALLOL 1912). Founder, with her hus- CREU CASAS TÀNGER55 + CIUTAT DE GRANADA PG. TAULAT, 166+178 + JOSEP FER- MENORCA,75 50-62 + TREBALL, PROVENÇA, 97 founded. OPENING: 1987 ROGER DE LLÚRIA, 56 SURFACE AREA: 1.630 M² band Antonio Fernández, of the GARDENS Tecla Sala i Miralpeix RATER68 I MÓRA, 5 + BAC DE RODA, 4 263-279 + HUELVA, 79-91 + SELVA PAULA MONTAL SURFACE11 AREA: 1.320 M² FACILITY: Palau Robert Cultural SURFACE29 AREA: 1.560 M² OPENING:36 1983 Napoleon photographic com- PAMPLONA, 45 + ZAMORA, 40 (Roda de Ter, 1886 - Barcelona, SURFACE AREA: 5.320 M² DE MAR, 250-260 GARDENS OPENING: 2002 Centre. OPENING: 1985 FACILITIES: La Sedeta civic pany. Always at the forefront of SURFACE49 AREA: 5.960 M² PLAÇA DOLORS PIERA + 1973). Businesswoman. Her OPENING: 2003 VILADOMAT, 149 FACILITIES: Left Eixample senior MONTSERRAT FIGUERAS + INFO: During the summer centre + La Sedeta high school + the advances in photography, OPENING: 1992 PLAÇA ISABEL VILÀ business skills and strong SURFACE AREA:5 2.930 M² citizens centre + IPSI school GARDENS Palau Robert months the garden becomes the Spaces for entities she was one of the first women (IN PROGRESS) religious convictions aroused Carles Barral Agesta PASSATGE OPENING: 2010 sports pavilion CÒRSEGA, 195-197 Neoclassical mansion after the “beach of the Eixample”. to make daguerreotypes in Creu Casas i Sicart SANCHO56 DE ÀVILA + ROC a concern with her workers’ (Barcelona, 1928 - 1989). Poet MARIA VILA + INFO: A mural shows that SURFACE17 AREA: 1.540 M² project of the French architect La Sedeta Spain. (Barcelona 1913 - 2007). BORONAT + ALMOGÀVERS + lives and inspired her to fund and writer in Spanish, publisher RAMBLA GUIPÚSCOA, 98 BIS + Paula Montal i Fornés previously this plot had been OPENING: 2016 Henri Grandpierre. It was built Torre de les Aigües The old Pujol i Casacuberta tex- Chemist, botanist, biologist, CIUTAT DE GRANADA the building of schools and and politician. He promoted the CONCILI76 DE TRENTO, 201 (Arenys de Mar, 1799 - Olesa de occupied by the Sopena publis- under the direction of the ar- Hexagonal water tower 24 m tile factory was installed on this lecturer at Barcelona University churches. Seix-Barral publishing house. Montserrat, 1889). A nun who hing house. Montserrat Figueras i Garcia chitect Joan Martorell between high designed in 1862 by Josep site in 1900 and remained there LINA ÒDENA and professor at Barcelona Dolors Piera i Llobera As a publisher he created prizes Maria Vila i Panadès founded the Daughters of Mary (Barcelona, 1942 - Bellaterra, 1898 and 1903 as a residence for Oriol Mestres for the purpose of until the company closed down GARDENS Autonomous University. Among (Puigverd d’Agramunt, 1910 - and collections that made (Barcelona, 1897 - 1963). Recog- congregation, nuns of the Esco- Maria Mercè Marçal i Serra 2011). Soprano specialising in Robert Robert i Surís, aristocrat, supplying water to the first buil- in 1975. It was one of the first ALÍ BEI, 121 + SARDENYA, 170-176 her many merits is to have trai- Santiago de Chile, 2002). Teacher PLAÇA ROSA known the most important nised as the leading actress of les Pies. Over her life, and at a (Ivars d’Urgell, 1952 - Barcelona, Mediaeval, Renaissance and Ba- financier, businessman and dings of the Eixample. In 1870 a textile companies in Europe to SURFACE43 AREA: 1.420 M² ned an outstanding generation and trade unionist. Founder of the PERAULET European and Latin American contemporary Catalan theatre. In time when girls’ education was 1998). Writer, editor, translator roque music. With her husband, conservative politician. storey was added to the tower to produce shantung fabrics on OPENING: 2003 of biologists and written the FETE-UGT teachers’ trade union, LLULL, 214 + BILBAO, 41-48 + literary currents of the 20th 1927 she founded the Vila-Daví confined to sewing, she opened and professor of Catalan, as the musician Jordi Savall, she Since 1981 both the mansion increase the water pressure. mechanical looms. work Flora of the bryophytes of secretary general of the Catalan RAMON62 TURRÓ, 201 century. company with her partner Pius seven girls’ schools. well as a political, cultural and founded groups like Hespèrion and the garden have been the Lina Òdena García the Catalan lands. Women’s Union and first woman FACILITY: Poblenou - Manuel Daví. After the Civil War she feminist activist. Her poem XX and the Capella Reial de property of the Catalan gover- (Barcelona, 1911 - Granada, councillor at Barcelona council Arranz library contributed to the return of the Divisa (1976) is like a manifesto: Catalunya. In the year of her nment. SOFIA BARAT ANTONI PUIGVERT 1936). Communist militant and (1937-1939). After the Civil War MANUEL SACRISTÁN Catalan language to the stage. MARIA MATILDE “I am grateful to chance for death she was awarded the Sant GARDENS GARDENS militiawoman. She took part in MERCÈ PLANTADA she went into exile. Rosa Peraulet GARDENS ALMENDROS GARDENS three gifts: having been born Jordi Cross. GIRONA, 64 INDÚSTRIA, 54 + SICÍLIA, 287-297 the creation of the Communist GARDENS Inhabitant of La Perona shanty PG. TAULAT, 196+212 + PROVEN- CALÀBRIA, 92 a woman, lower class and in OLD NOVETATS CINEMA SURFACE30 AREA: 570 M² + CÒRSEGA,37 495 Party of Catalonia (1932) and ÀLABA, 49 + PAMPLONA, 42 Isabel Vilà i Pujol town and a worker at Fabra i ÇALS,69 3 + JOSEP FERRATER I PALLARS - JOSEP PLA - SURFACE AREA:6 1.500 M² an oppressed nation. And the GARDENS OPENING: 2003 SURFACE AREA: 3.630 M² stood as a candidate for the Par- SURFACE50 AREA: 7.050 M² (Calonge, 1843 - Sabadell, 1896). Coats, during the first years of MÓRA, 2 PUJADES – AGRICULTURA OPENING: 2008 turbulent chance of being three CÈSAR MARTINELL (IN PROGRESS) FACILITY: Sofia Barat library OPENING: 1999 liament of the Republic (1933). OPENING: 1992 Republican and fighter for wor- the Franco regime she organised SURFACE AREA: 5.510 M² GARDENS times a rebel”. GARDENS C A SP,24 1-13 At the height of the Civil War + INFO: Land of the old Torras kers’ rights. She was affiliated a strike to demand married OPENING: 2003 JOSEP77 PLA, 49-57 + Maria Matilde Almendros GRAN VIA DE LES CORTS Sofia Barat Antoni Puigvert i Gorro she was trapped at a Falangist Herrería y Construcciones to the International Workers women’s right to work. AGRICULTURA, 66 i Carcasona CATALANES,18 543-545 + VILLAR- (Madeleine-Sophie Barat) (Santa Coloma de Gramenet, control point and shot herself. factory, known as Can Torras Association and is considered Manuel Sacristán Luzón FACILITY: “Diagonal Mar” (Manresa, 1922 - Barcelona, EMMA DE BARCELONA ROEL, 60 BIS LAURA ALBÉNIZ (Joigny, 1779 - Paris, 1865). 1905 - Barcelona, 1990). Doctor dels Ferros, and engaged in the the first Catalan woman trade (Madrid, 1925 - Barcelona, nursery school 1995). Actress and radio GARDENS SURFACE AREA: 2.390 M² GARDENS Founder of the Society of the and urologist. In 1961 he foun- production of metal structures. unionist. She spent six years in LEONOR SERRANO 1985). Thinker and writer. presenter. She was one of the COMTE BORRELL, 157 + OPENING: 1995 PAU CLARIS, 182 Sacred Heart of Jesus, devoted ded the Puigvert Foundation, a The Olympic Games referees exile in France. GARDENS Professor in the Barcelona precursors of radio broadcasts VILADOMAT,12 142 SURFACE25 AREA: 955 M² to teaching. Under her direction medical institute specialising were lodged here. CONCILI DE TRENTO, 44 + University Economics Faculty he in Catalan after the Civil War SURFACE AREA: 1.770 M² Cèsar Martinell i Brunet OPENING: 2009 the congregation spread far and in urology, recognised as one ANDRADE,63 5 was one of the main introducers and the first voice to be heard on OPENING: 2000 (Valls, 1888 - Barcelona, 1973). wide and eventually had 105 of the most prestigious in the SURFACE AREA: 3.840 M² of Marxist theories into Spain. Radio 4 (1976). She was also an FACILITIES: Viladomat high Architect astride Modernisme colleges all over the world. world in the speciality. OPENING: 2001 Interior gardens in the Eixample blocks. Barcelona

THE WALLED CITY CERDÀ’S PLAN FOR THE EIXAMPLE THE PERVERSION OF THE PLAN THE FIRST DEMANDS REVIVING THE SPIRIT OF CERDÀ

Barcelona is one of the most densely populated Barcelona was one of the last European cities to demolish its After decades of waiting, in 1859 the decision to extend the The rationalist, egalitarian, anti-hierarchical and anti-authori- One of the first complaints about the absence of gardens to sit When the Franco regime came to an end and the democratic cities in the world (almost 16,000 habitants/km2) walls. It began in 1854 and did not complete the work until city was taken. In February the Spanish government chose to tarian ideas of the plan clashed head on with the elitist vision of in and play with the children was expressed in the early 1920s councils returned Barcelona took up the challenge of introdu- and one with the fewest green zones 1873. But it had to suffer and struggle in order to do so. commission the plan directly from Ildefons Cerdà, a choice the well-to-do classes, who were determined from the outset to by the Board of Gentlemen of the Garden City civic society, cing greenery into the Eixample through the opening of public (only 6 m2 of greenery per inhabitant). Specifi- that was not to the liking of the council, which preferred to sabotage it in connivance with the council. presided by Nicolau M. Rubió i Tudurí, director of Parks and gardens in the interiors of the blocks, recovering Cerdà’s origi- cally, in the Eixample 95% of the surface area With the Industrial Revolution, the city filled up with factories throw open a competition. And so, whilst Cerdà’s project was Gardens. In consequence, the Reina Victòria Gardens, on Gran nal idea. The aim is for one of every nine blocks of the Eixample is covered by buildings, pavements and asphalt that drew workers from all over. Between the beginning and approved by the government, the council declared Antoni Rovi- First of all, they managed to have the blocks with only two built Via between Passeig de Gràcia and Rambla de Catalunya, were to have an interior garden, that is, for all the inhabitants of the and therefore only 5% is earth that breathes. middle of the 19th century the population doubled, reaching ra i Trias’ proposal winner of the contest. However, the central up sides in the approved version of the Plan give way to others laid out, as were the Doctor Duran i Reynals Gardens, opposite Eixample to have a green zone at a maximum of 200 m from some 200,000 inhabitants, and the density rose to 900 inhabi- government ordered the implementation of the Cerdà Plan and constructed all around the perimeter and, therefore, with more the Faculty of Medicine in the Hospital Clínic. their home. Among the various strategies for amending this tants/ha. That brought about an increase in the height of the in September 1860 Queen Isabel II laid the foundation stone of buildable surface area. situation, the network of interior gardens in the buildings, which reduced the amount of sunlight and ventila- the extension, the Eixample. A decade later the GATCPAC (Group of Catalan Architect and The recovery of the interiors of the blocks has been accompani- blocks is perhaps the most unusual. The striking tion in the streets, which were already rather narrow, and the Later, through ordinances, permission to erect higher and dee- Technicians for the Progress of Contemporary Architecture) ed by design criteria with the aim of distinguishing them from features of most of them are, first, that they are dwellings, often subdivided to house more people. Moreover, Ildefons Cerdà proposed a project for a rational, egalitarian city, per buildings than those initially provided for in the Cerdà Plan began a reappraisal of the Cerdà Plan. Working with Le Corbusi- the public space in the street and the open squares. And so soft bounded on all or almost all their perimeter by the city was still mired in atrocious conditions of hygiene and where there would be no differences between districts and the was granted, as well as authorization to build the whole ground er and Pierre Jeanneret, between 1932 and 1934 they drafted the surfaces are preferred, plant species that provide sun in winter buildings that isolate them from the street and, suffering from a chronic shortage of health infrastructures, conditions of hygiene and salubriousness would be adequate. floor of the interiors of the blocks, whether with passages and Macià Plan (named in tribute to the president of Catalonia). In and shade in summer and bring perfume and colour are intro- second, they are closed at night. such as sewers or running water. In those circumstances there He defended a balance between urban values and rural advan- sheds on either side or with other layouts. accordance with the ideas of the time, that new extension plan duced, urban furniture is installed to foster relations between were constant epidemics of yellow fever and cholera and the tages (“Ruralize what is urban, urbanize what is rural”, he wrote for Barcelona proposed to divide the city into functional zones the neighbours, peace and quiet and a playground for children, This urban project, almost unique in the world, average life expectancy was 36 for the rich and 23 for the poor at the beginning of the General Theory of Town Planning, 1867) All that coincided with the Gold Fever of the 1870s. Owners, (residential, industrial, economic activities, etc.), reforming and subdued lighting that will not bother the residents at night. began in the 1980s and has continued to grow and the casual labourers. The population grew more and more and proposed a city structured through a mesh of wide streets promoters and returnees from the colonies who had amassed and cleaning up the old quarter and the new town from a grid At the same time there is an attempt to combine the gardens year by year. Today, in the whole grid plan- restless and began to demand the demolition of the walls and a (20 m) and green spaces. The grid would consist of blocks built great fortunes saw the development of the new town as a great of larger blocks on either side of the already consolidated with some public facility to ensure the flow of visitors and bring ned by Cerdà, distributed mainly between the new extension for the city. on just two or three sides and inside them. The great exception business opportunity. They erected their mansions while Eixample. For those new residential areas they proposed to new social life to the spaces. Eixample and Sant Martí districts, there are over within this network of streets parallel and perpendicular to the putting up apartment buildings and speculating with the rising create modules 400 x 400 m —equivalent to nine blocks (3 x 3) seventy interior gardens in the blocks. In 1841 the council convened a competition to analyse the coast line, designed to make the traffic flow more smoothly, are price of land, forgetting about the green spaces and the faciliti- of Cerdà’s Eixample—, with spacious green zones at street level Since the first interior gardens were opened, fifty or so have advantages of demolishing the Mediaeval walls. Pere Felip the Diagonal and Meridiana Avenues, which cross Gran Via at es provided for in the original plan. and large apartment blocks, not always aligned with the street, been inaugurated in the Eixample district and a score in Each garden is unique in terms of both size Monlau, doctor and hygienist, was the winner with the work Plaça de les Glòries, conceived as a new metropolitan centre. built above them. Sant Martí, especially in Poblenou, and a total of more than and the plants to be found there, the uses Down with the walls!, in which he demanded an expansion from Moreover, Cerdà proposed a uniform distribution of service During Modernisme, a phenomenon promoted by the industrial 150,000 m2 of green space have been reclaimed. provided for (children’s games, ping-pong, area the Llobregat river to the Besòs river. areas, such as markets, schools, social centres and churches. bourgeoisie, who sought in that singular style a way of dis- The Macià Plan set out to structure a modern Barcelona, open for dogs...), the heritage or artistic elements tinguishing themselves socially, the virulent criticisms of the to the sea, with the development of what today is Poblenou as But the challenge does not stop there. New gardens are being conserved, the facilities that complement them The wide discussion of the project and the thrust of popular opi- The Plan for Rebuilding and Extending Barcelona, regarded regularity of the Eixample continued. And so, for example, Puig far as the Besòs river, on one side, and Sants and L’Hospitalet opened to cover zones where there are still shortages and ensure or the name they have been given. nion led to a confrontation between civil society, with Barcelona today as a pioneering project in the evolution of modern town i Cadafalch stated that the egalitarian homogeneity of the area on the other. The plan became an important reference point a more homogeneous distribution in the territory. Moreover, council at the head, and the central government, which ended planning, did not go down well with the local bourgeoisie, both came into contradiction with the wish to endow certain spaces when, almost sixty years later, the Olympic Village was planned new proposals are emerging to introduce greenery into the One interesting feature of the network up giving in and accepting the demolition of the walls in 1854. because it was imposed by the Spanish government and, most or institutions in the city with a special representative value. and more recently with the proposal for the superblocks. fabric of the Eixample: to turn Glòries into a large green zone, of interior gardens is that many of them bear The following year Ildefons Cerdà received the commission to of all, because of the idea of a socially fairer city and the “waste” Well into the 20th century, the construction and densification to restructure the grid by opening up superblocks and to create a woman’s name. With the aim of “feminizing” produce a topographic plan of the Barcelona plain and later of space. of the Eixample continued until, at the end of the Franco era, green corridors that cross the districts (Passeig de Sant Joan, a municipal list practically monopolized by men, studied living conditions in the city. He published his Statistical it reached 290,000 m3 of buildings per block, when Cerdà had Avinguda de Roma, etc.), all projects that bring us ever closer to some years ago the council began to assign monograph of the working class in Barcelona in 1856. planned about 67,000, and there was an almost total lack of Cerdà’s ideal. women’s names to the new gardens as they green zones and spaces for public use. opened up.

The guide-plan describes the evolution of the urban green zones in the Eixample and explains how each of the gardens got its name.

Trave C. Buenos Aires ssera Gràcia

C. Londres C. Sant Antoni Maria Claret

10 36 s as ll I C. París ur e ade C. Indústria ronc ed a rr

a av as de Tolos a T Hon d ep 4 N Es p C. Fe li p I C. 17 37 52 C. C. B iscai a C. . Jos Av C. Còrsega C. Josep Estivill 16 20 21 23 27 38 71

C. Rosselló C. Palència 11 25 40 53

C. Provença C. Múrcia

13 32 39 g a dè nci a jo s

C. Mallorca t C. Menorca Av ill a s . l still e rt age n Rom d o a a a 1 l l C C Dos de Ma i In depe n ge l

a 60 75 C. Lepa n C. P a C. C. C. C. r l a e n ma t C. València ar í Grana d e d’U r e B or

u C. Huelva o for t t t nç a rro e a talun y àb ri a me s nç à a sano v l a a a C Gràci a

. Co m C Enric Co m Roc a C Tarr ag on a Ent e 26 28 47

b 33 C. C. V ill a C. C. A ri b C. C. Ba l R Pg . C. V ila d C. C. C. C. C. L l C. V ila m C. C. M unt a C. Aragó Rambla Guipúscoa 73 76 C. Consell de Cent C. Concili de Trento

5 12 29 30 34 41 44 63 72 C. Diputació C. Andrade 2 18 22 31 64

Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes

6 24 Av 42 . Rd Di

. n ag Uni ona

C. Sepúlveda ve ri s C. Casp rsita l C. Perú Jo a t de L lúri a de F lo r n Cl a

R 3 7 19 d. Sant Pere 14 Sa nt 54 57 Ro ge r Giron a Ro ge r C. Pa u C. C. B ru c C. C. Ba il è Pg . C. C. Nàp ol s C. Floridablanca C. S icíli a C. Ausiàs Marc C. Bolívia

i 55 a nton 35 43 61 ian A d 58 nt C. Tamarit C. Alí Bei ri C. Tànger . Sa d Me R . 8 Av 48

C. Manso Av. Vilanova C. Sancho de Àvila ad a n 9 15 l 56 a à e a a to n d C. Parlament C. Almogàvers a y no u r

C. Almogàvers l de Gr a m e e t o l s à d’À ustri a a c i a e b ronc ed a de Ro d Sa nt Pa u n va de Ma r . ri m pe de Veg a d am or a P P o . . R Jo a Z Tr eba l Jos ep P l Es p Ciut a Roc B orona t b b 65 C. We llin g C. Ma rià Ag uli ó C. S ar de n C. Ma rin a C. C. C. Se l C. C. Ag ricultur a C. C. P ui g C. Ma r R C. L o C. C. Pamp lon a C. À la b C. Àv il a C. Bada jo z C. C. C. L lacu m R C. B il b C. Ba c C. F lu v C. Buenaventura Muñoz C. P ro ve nçal s C. Marquès de Campo Sagrado C. Pallars

re IV C. Pe 59 77 Av Pg. Pujades . Pa C. Aldana C. Pujades ral·l

e l 45

C. Llull

a l 46 49 50 51 62

amb

R tant a C. Ramon Turró e a

L a La i i V 74 C. Dr. Trueta

Pg. Taulat ve s u V i t i Av. Icària 66 67 68 69 70 mp o ns t Pg. Garcia Fària ct e Se r M ir ó O li ve r uit e n n q Ros a Se ns Jau me V ic e Jo a Jo a C. C. C. C. A r C. Fede ric M o C. C. Salvador Espriu