Zmiany Rynku Lotniczych Przewozów Pasażerskich W Polsce Po Akcesji Do Unii Europejskiej

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Zmiany Rynku Lotniczych Przewozów Pasażerskich W Polsce Po Akcesji Do Unii Europejskiej ISBN 978−83−62673−23−0 25 Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego 25 Rozprawy Naukowe IGRR UWr. ZMIANY RYNKU LOTNICZYCH PRZEWOZÓW PASAŻERSKICH W POLSCE PO AKCESJI DO UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ Edyta Pijet-Migoń Wrocław 2012 Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego 25 Zmiany rynku lotniczych przewozo w pasaz erskich w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej Edyta Pijet-Migoń Wrocław 2012 Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego 25 Zmiany rynku lotniczych przewozo w pasaz erskich w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej Edyta Pijet-Migoń Wrocław 2012 Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego 25 Redaktor serii Zdzisław Jary Redaktor techniczny Marek Kasprzak Recenzent tomu Stanisław Kozarski Tadeusz Palmowski Skład komputerowy Marek Kasprzak Projekt graficzny okładki Marek Kasprzak Ilustracja na okładce: Lotnisko we Wrocławiu, autor fotografii: Piotr Migoń. Zalecane cytowanie Pijet-Migoń E., 2012, Zmiany rynku lotniczych przewozów pasażerskich w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej. Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego 25, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław. Afiliacja autora: Edyta Pijet-Migoń, Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu, ul. Fabryczna 29-31, 53-609 Wrocław ©Copyright 2012 by Instytut Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego ISBN 978−83−62673−23−0 Instytut Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytet Wrocławski Plac Uniwersytecki 1, 50–137 Wrocław Druk i oprawa I-BIS s.c., ul. Lelewela 4, 53-505 Wrocław Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego 25 Spis treści 1. WSTĘP ................................................................................................................................................. 7 2. CELE I METODY PRACY. ŹRÓDŁA DANYCH .................................................................................... 9 2.1. Cele pracy .................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Źródła danych i metody badań ................................................................................................... 10 3. PASAŻERSKI TRANSPORT LOTNICZY W LITERATURZE GEOGRAFICZNEJ I EKONOMICZNEJ 13 3.1. Pasażerski transport lotniczy w literaturze światowej .................................................................. 13 3.2. Pasażerski transport lotniczy w literaturze polskiej ..................................................................... 16 4. DEREGULACJA I LIBERALIZACJA TRANSPORTU LOTNICZEGO ................................................. 21 4.1. Zagadnienia ogólne .................................................................................................................... 21 4.1.1. Przyczyny wprowadzania regulacji na rynku usług transportowych ................................... 21 4.1.2. Deregulacja i liberalizacja rynku usług transportowych ...................................................... 24 4.2. Deregulacja transportu lotniczego na rynku amerykańskim ........................................................ 26 4.2.1. Airline Deregulation Act ..................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2. Konsekwencje deregulacji na rynku amerykańskim ........................................................... 27 4.3. Deregulacja i liberalizacja transportu lotniczego na rynku europejskim ....................................... 33 4.3.1. Liberalizacja transportu lotniczego UE w ujęciu historycznym. Zmiany regulacji prawnych 33 4.3.2. Pakiety liberalizacyjne ....................................................................................................... 35 4.3.3. Procesy integracyjne w sektorze transportu lotniczego Unii Europejskiej .......................... 37 4.3.4. Konsekwencje liberalizacji transportu w Unii Europejskiej ................................................. 38 5. PROBLEM KONKURENCYJNOŚCI NA ZDEREGULOWANYCH RYNKACH LOTNICZYCH ............ 41 5.1. Linie niskokosztowe – geneza i rozwój ....................................................................................... 41 5.1.1. Powstanie koncepcji „taniego latania” ............................................................................... 41 5.1.2. Model działalności przewoźników niskokosztowych .......................................................... 42 5.1.3. Przewoźnicy niskokosztowi na zderegulowanym rynku USA ............................................. 48 5.1.4. Linie niskokosztowe w Europie ......................................................................................... 54 5.1.5. Przewoźnicy niskokosztowi na innych rynkach .................................................................. 57 5.1.6. Ewolucja modelu przewoźników niskokosztowych ............................................................ 57 5.1.7. Reakcja tradycyjnych przewoźników na powstanie i rozwój przewoźników niskokosztowych ................................................................................................................................................... 61 5.2. Alianse lotnicze .......................................................................................................................... 63 5.2.1. Pojęcie aliansu .................................................................................................................. 63 5.2.2. Rodzaje aliansów lotniczych ............................................................................................. 64 5.2.3. Korzyści z przynależności do aliansu lotniczego ............................................................... 64 5.2.4. Fazy rozwojowe strategicznych aliansów lotniczych .......................................................... 66 5.2.5. Alianse globalne ............................................................................................................... 68 6. ZMIANY PRAWNE I ORGANIZACYJNE TRANSPORTU LOTNICZEGO W POLSCE ....................... 73 6.1. Uwarunkowania prawne i ekonomiczne transportu lotniczego w Polsce przed akcesją do Unii Europejskiej ............................................................................................................................... 73 6.2. Przystosowanie polskiego transportu lotniczego do norm i standardów Unii Europejskiej ........... 74 6.3. Udział PLL LOT w aliansach lotniczych ...................................................................................... 76 6.4. Przewoźnicy niskokosztowi na polskim rynku ............................................................................. 78 6.5. Zmiany struktury udziału w rynku przewoźników ........................................................................ 81 7. ROZWÓJ POLSKICH PORTÓW LOTNICZYCH W LATACH 2003–2009 .......................................... 85 7.1. Port centralny – Warszawa Okęcie............................................................................................. 85 7.1.1. Rys historyczny ................................................................................................................. 85 7.1.2. Infrastruktura portu ............................................................................................................ 87 5 Rozprawy Naukowe Instytutu Geografii i Rozwoju Regionalnego Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego 25 7.1.3. Rozwój sieci połączeń po akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej ............................................ 87 7.1.4. Wielkość przewozów pasażerskich ................................................................................... 93 7.1.5. Rozpoczęte i planowane inwestycje infrastrukturalne ........................................................ 95 7.2. Porty regionalne ......................................................................................................................... 96 7.2.1. Port lotniczy w Bydgoszczy ............................................................................................... 96 7.2.2. Port lotniczy w Gdańsku .................................................................................................. 100 7.2.3. Port lotniczy w Katowicach .............................................................................................. 106 7.2.4. Port lotniczy w Krakowie ................................................................................................. 112 7.2.5. Port lotniczy w Łodzi ....................................................................................................... 119 7.2.6. Port lotniczy w Poznaniu ................................................................................................. 124 7.2.7. Port lotniczy w Rzeszowie ............................................................................................... 129 7.2.8. Port lotniczy w Szczecinie ............................................................................................... 133 7.2.9. Port lotniczy Szczytno-Szymany ..................................................................................... 138 7.2.10. Port lotniczy we Wrocławiu ............................................................................................ 139 7.2.11. Port lotniczy w Zielonej Górze ....................................................................................... 146 7.3 Plany rozwoju sieci lotnisk w Polsce .......................................................................................... 148 7.3.1. Planowane
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