PRINCES AND PRINCELY CULTURE 1450–1650 VOLUME TWO BRILL’S STUDIES IN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY General Editor A.J. Vanderjagt, University of Groningen Editorial Board M. Colish, Oberlin College J.I. Israel, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton J.D. North, University of Groningen W. O tten, Utrecht University R.H. Popkin, Washington University, St. Louis-UCLA VOLUME 118/2 PRINCES AND PRINCELY CULTURE 1450–1650 VOLUME TWO EDITED BY MARTIN GOSMAN ALASDAIR MACDONALD ARJO VANDERJAGT BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2005 Illustration on the cover: Porte Saint Denis, with Pepin and Charlemagne. Bref et Sommaire recueil, Q4r. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Princes and princely culture, 1450-1650 / edited by Martin Gosman, Alasdair MacDonald, Arjo Vanderjagt. p. cm. – (Brill’s studies in intellectual history, 0920-8607 ; v. 118) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-13572-3 (v. 1); ISBN 90-04-13690-8 (v. 2) 1. Europe—History—15th century. 2. Europe—History—1492-1648. 3. Princes— Europe—History. 4. Europe—Court and courtiers. 5. Europe—Kings and rulers. 6. Art patronage—Europe—History. 7. Politics and culture—Europe—History. I. Gosman, Martin. II. MacDonald, A. Andrew (Alasdair Andrew), 1954- . III. Vanderjagt, Arie Johan. IV. Series. D203 .P75 2003 305.5’22’09409031-dc22 2003061017 ISSN 0920-8607 ISBN 90 04 13690 8 © Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. 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Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................................. vii Contributors .......................................................................................... ix List of Plates ......................................................................................... xi Pope Pius II and the Idea of the Appropriate Thematisation of the Self Zweder von Martels ....................................................................... 1 Princes and Culture in the Fifteenth-Century Italian Po Valley Courts Rinaldo Rinaldi .............................................................................. 23 The Motivation for the Patronage of Pope Julius II Christine Shaw ............................................................................... 43 Princes and Patriotism: The Self-Representation of Florentine Patricians in the Late Renaissance Henk van Veen ............................................................................... 63 Culture and Power in Naples from 1450 to 1650 Davide Canfora ............................................................................. 79 Politics and the Occult at the Court of Edward IV Jonathan Hughes ........................................................................... 97 Henry VII and Henry VIII D’Arcy Jonathan Dacre Boulton ................................................... 129 The Court Culture of England under Elizabeth I Jane Stevenson ............................................................................... 191 The Marriage of Matthias Corvinus to Beatrice of Aragón (1476) in Urban and Court Historiography Volker Honemann .......................................................................... 213 vi CONTENTS Charles V José Martínez Millán ..................................................................... 227 ‘Official History’ at the Court of Philip II of Spain Richard L. Kagan .......................................................................... 249 The Sun and Aurora: Philip IV of Spain and his Queen-Consort in Royal Festival and Spectacle Rina Walthaus ................................................................................ 277 Bibliography ......................................................................................... 309 Index ..................................................................................................... 345 PREFACE The present book is the second of two volumes devoted to princes and princely culture in Europe between 1450 and 1650. The first, published in 2003, contains essays on European courts north of the Alps and the Pyrenees; it also has introductory essays to the entire project by Martin Gosman and Olaf Mörke. This second contribution to court culture discusses selected courts of England and of southern Europe. The discussions and analyses presented in the ensuing chapters are variously surveys of the self-image of rulers (Von Martels on Pope Pius II and Van Veen on Florentine patricians), of culture and the arts at princely courts (Rinaldi on the fifteenth-century courts of the Po Valley, Shaw on the patronage of Pope Julius II, and Stevenson on the English court culture of Elizabeth I), the relation between culture, politics and power (Canfora on Naples between 1450 and 1650, Hughes on the heady mixture of politics and the occult under Edward IV, Boulton on the first two Tudor sovereigns, and Millán on Emperor Charles V), of court festivals, ceremonies and spec- tacles (Honemann on the marriage of Matthias Corvinus and Beatrice of Aragón, and Walthaus on Philip IV of Spain and his Queen-Consort), and of the construction of ‘official’ history at court (Kagan on the court of Philip II of Spain). As in the earlier volume, the articles are essentially multi- disciplinary in focus, and in order to enhance their specific considerations they all include material from other areas and disciplines than strictly their own. The editors wish to thank the contributors to this and the earlier book for their forbearance and their willingness to quickly answer our queries, and for their painstaking correction of the proofs. It is hoped that this volume meets their expectations and those, too, of its readers. Thanks go as well to Gorus van Oordt who patiently did much of the word-processing. We are pleased that Brill Academic Publishers (Leiden, Boston) is publishing these two volumes in Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History; we are grateful to Irene van Rossum of Brill for her sympathetic understanding of unforeseen delays. CONTRIBUTORS D’Arcy Jonathan Dacre Boulton is Fellow of the Medieval Institute and Concurrent Associate Professor of History, University of Notre Dame. Davide Canfora is Professor in Italian Philology, University of Bari. Volker Honemann is Professor of Medieval German Literature, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster. Jonathan Hughes is an independent scholar. Richard L. Kagan is Chair of the Department of History, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. José Martinez Millán is Professor of Modern History, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid. Zweder von Martels is Lecturer in Latin, University of Groningen. Christine Shaw is an independent scholar. Henk van Veen is Professor of the History of Art, University of Groningen. Rinaldo Rinaldi is Professor of Italian Literature, University of Parma. Jane Stevenson is Reader in Late Latin and Renaissance Studies, University of Aberdeen. Rina Walthaus is Lecturer in Older Spanish Literature, University of Groningen. LIST OF PLATES 1. Bernardo Poccetti, frescoes in the Sala grande of the Palazzo Capponi, Florence. 2. Giovanni Bandini, Bust of Baccio Valori, façade Palazzo Valori, Florence. 3. Entrance of Palazzo Valori, with the bust of Cosimo I, Florence. 4. Diego Saavedra Fajardo, Empresas políticas: empresa 99. (edited by Quintín Aldea Vaquero) Madrid, Editora Nacional, 1976, p. 901. 5. Noticia del recibimiento i entrada de la Reyna nvestra Señora Doña Maria-Ana de Avstria en la muy noble i leal coronada Villa de Madrid, 1650, title page. Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid (\R 4308). Photo reproduced by the Laboratoria Fotográfico of the Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid. terminal histories and arthurian solutions 31 FIGURES 1–3* FIGURES 4–5** 60 chapter two [Van Veen] terminal histories and arthurian solutions 31 Fig. 1. Bernardo Poccetti, frescoes in the Sala grande of Palazzo Capponi, Florence. [Van Veen] 60 chapter two Fig. 2. Giovanni Bandini, Bust of Baccio Valori, façade Palazzo Valori, Florence. [Van Veen] terminal histories and arthurian solutions 31 Fig. 3. Entrance of Palazzo Valori, with the bust of Cosimo I, Florence. [Walthaus] 60 chapter two Fig. 4. Diego Saavedra Fajardo, Empresas políticas: empresa 99. (edited by Quintín Aldea Vaquero) Madrid, Editora Nacional, 1976, p. 901. [Walthaus] terminal histories and arthurian solutions 31 Fig. 5. Noticia del recibimiento i entrada de la Reyna nvestra Señora Doña Maria-Ana de Avstria en la muy noble i leal coronada Villa de Madrid, 1650, title page. Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid (\R 4308). Photo reproduced by the Laboratorio Fotográfico of the Biblioteca Nacional at Madrid. 60 chapter two POPE PIUS II AND THE IDEA OF THE APPROPRIATE THEMATISATION OF THE SELF Zweder von Martels Four years before his death, Pius II predicted that he would die preparing for a war against the Turks.1 This is just one example of the conviction with which Pius (or Aeneas, as I shall call