2021 Cordillera Real Traverse, Bolivia
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Races of Maize in Bolivia
RACES OF MAIZE IN BOLIVIA Ricardo Ramírez E. David H. Timothy Efraín DÍaz B. U. J. Grant in collaboration with G. Edward Nicholson Edgar Anderson William L. Brown NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Publication 747 Funds were provided for publication by a contract between the National Academythis of Sciences -National Research Council and The Institute of Inter-American Affairs of the International Cooperation Administration. The grant was made the of the Committee on Preservation of Indigenousfor Strainswork of Maize, under the Agricultural Board, a part of the Division of Biology and Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council. RACES OF MAIZE IN BOLIVIA Ricardo Ramírez E., David H. Timothy, Efraín Díaz B., and U. J. Grant in collaboration with G. Edward Nicholson Calle, Edgar Anderson, and William L. Brown Publication 747 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Washington, D. C. 1960 COMMITTEE ON PRESERVATION OF INDIGENOUS STRAINS OF MAIZE OF THE AGRICULTURAL BOARD DIVISIONOF BIOLOGYAND AGRICULTURE NATIONALACADEMY OF SCIENCES- NATIONALRESEARCH COUNCIL Ralph E. Cleland, Chairman J. Allen Clark, Executive Secretary Edgar Anderson Claud L. Horn Paul C. Mangelsdorf William L. Brown Merle T. Jenkins G. H. Stringfield C. O. Erlanson George F. Sprague Other publications in this series: RACES OF MAIZE IN CUBA William H. Hatheway NAS -NRC Publication 453 I957 Price $1.50 RACES OF MAIZE IN COLOMBIA M. Roberts, U. J. Grant, Ricardo Ramírez E., L. W. H. Hatheway, and D. L. Smith in collaboration with Paul C. Mangelsdorf NAS-NRC Publication 510 1957 Price $1.50 RACES OF MAIZE IN CENTRAL AMERICA E. -
Suma Qamaña Y Desarrollo El T'hinkhu Necesario
Suma Qamaña y Desarrollo El t'hinkhu necesario PPPooorrr MMMaaarrriiiooo TTTooorrrrrreeezzz EEEggguuuiiinnnooo Mario Torrez Eguino Suma Qamaña y Desarrollo El t'hinkhu necesario Edición al cuidado de Javier Medina y Simón Yampara Programa Nacional Biocultura Indice Presentación ................................... ..............................................................................9 Prólogo ................................................................................................................11 I. Urakpacha 1. Estructura y proceso de desarrollo del Qamaña. Espacio de bienestar. ...........................................................................15 2. Pacha y ecología ....................................................................................35 3. Ecología aymara: unidad e interacción de fuerzas-energías materiales-espirituales y territoriales para la qamaña, con Simón Yampara ............................41 ® Mario Torrez Eguino 4. Características rememorativas de la ecología D.L.: andina en el Qullasuyu ........................................................................55 5. Ecosistemas ...........................................................................................65 Primera Edición: Marzo 2012 II. Uñjaña Cuidados de edición: Freddy Ramos A. Foto tapa: Archivo CADA 6. El conocimiento hierático en el saber andino, con Simón Yampara .............................................................................75 Diseño de cubierta, diagramación e impresión: 7. Lógica del pensamiento andino -
ILLIMANI and the NAZIS. E. S. G. De La Motte
ILLIMANI AND THE NAZIS ILLIMANI AND THE NAZIS BY E. S. G. DE LA MOTTE E traveller to Bolivia from Buenos Aires spends three and a half weary days in the train with no interesting scenery to relieve the monotony of his existence. He leaves the dead flat Argentine pampas, where the horizon is like the horizon at sea, and passes almost imperceptibly to the equally flat, but much more barren, high tableland of Bolivia situated at 12,ooo ft. above sea-level. There is a difference, however. This tableland runs as a relatively narrow belt for hundreds of miles between the two main Andine ranges, and therefore has the advantage over the dreary expanses of Argentina that mountains of some sort are visible from most parts of it. Nevertheless, it is with relief that towards the end of the journey the immense ice-draped mass of Illimani is seen close at hand. The height of Illimani is still uncertain, as no triangulation has yet been made of it. All those who have climbed it, however, have. taken aneroid readings and these give results varying between 20,700 ft. ·and 22,400 ft. The probability is that the lower limit is nearer the truth, so 21 ,ooo ft. may reasonably be taken as a fair approximation. In any case, whatever the exact height may be, the mountain is a singularly striking one on account of its isolation, its massive form, and its position of domination over La Paz, which is the seat of the Bolivian Government, and from many of whose houses and streets the three heavily iced summits can be seen. -
Condoriri East Peak, Illampu West Face, and Climbs in the Apolobamba
Condoriri East Peak, Illampu West Face, and Climbs in the Apolobamba. The 1997 University of Edinburgh Apolobamba Expedition comprised Tom Bridgeland, Sam Chinnery, Rob Goodier, Jane McKay, Heather Smith and me. We spent July and August climbing in Bolivia’s Cordillera Real and the Apolobamba Range. We first went to the Condoriri area and climbed Pequeño Alpamayo (5370m) and the main summit of Condoriri (5648m) by the normal routes. Condoriri’s East Peak (Ala Derecha, 5330m) has four prominent couloirs visible from base camp. The right-hand couloir is the most obvious and was climbed by Mesili in 1976, but now appears to be badly melted out. On July 16, Sam and I climbed the narrow left-most couloir (Scottish VI/6,450m) of the four (possible second ascent). This was an excellent line, reminiscent of classic Scottish gully routes. There were three sections of vertical ice and a hard mixed section where the ice was discontinuous. We think this is probably the Couloir Colibri climbed by Gabbarou and Astier in 1989 (who reportedly found it hard). On the same day Rob and Tom climbed the second couloir (Scottish III/4, 450m) from the left (sans ropes), which was mostly névé with sections of steeper ice. It was probably a first ascent. On July 19, Jane and Heather climbed Huayna Potosi (6088m) by the normal route on the east side, while Rob, Tom, Sam and I climbed the West Face (1000m of 55° névé). Jane and Heather then climbed Illimani (6438m) by the standard route. After this Sam and I traveled to the Illampu region, and on the east side of the range we climbed, together with Jenz Richter, the Austrian Route on Pico del Norte (6045m). -
Bolivia Nevados Chearoco, Calzada and Sihuaillusa, Cordillera Real
Bolivia Nevados Chearoco, Calzada and Sihuaillusa, Cordillera Real. The Read ing University Andean Expedition, Ronald H. F. Hunter leader, Robin G. Bradford, Edward F. J. Quicke, John Floodpage, Ray J. Fearon and Michael Smith, left La Paz for a seven-week stay in the Cordillera Real on July 12. Travel was at first by truck over the unsurfaced altiplano road adjacent to Lake Titicaca to the small town of Achacachi, whence we turned northeast towards the mountains. Previous information about how close the truck could drive to the mountains proved inaccurate, and we were dropped some fifteen miles farther from them than we anticipated. Without porters, and with some four dozen loads weighing 80 pounds apiece, this inaccuracy cost us several days and considerable perspiration, but was an excellent if brutal means of getting fit. A reconnaissance of the area and some preliminary surveying were accomplished in the next few days during which we relayed our equipment over the altiplano, after which our progress was established on a new footing, for one of our col leagues from the Club Andino Boliviano reached the mountains before us and dispatched Venancio, his camp servant, together with a herd of llamas and their attendant Indians to locate and transport the expedition into Base Camp. This convoy arrived at our temporary camp on the altiplano shortly after dawn and in one day of strenuous marching moved everything to the head of a glacial valley overlooked by the Calzada and Casiri peaks. At 15,600 feet this was to be our base for the next fortnight but before tackling any actual peaks, we spent a few days on the neighboring snow and ice slopes to get the feel of ice axe and crampons again and to acclima tize. -
Program the Huayna Potosi, 2 Days
Climbing Huayna Potosi (6088M) 2 days Bolivia´s Most Popular climb Huayna Potosi (6088m) is northeast of La Paz in the Cordillera Real and is known as one of the easiest 6000m plus mountains to climb in the world. Deservedly one of Bolivia’s most popular climbs and after just one hour of driving and 3 hours of walking you will be at the high camp. Huayna Potosi can be climbed by complete beginners, and provides amazing views of the Cordillera Real, Lake Titicaca (3810m) and the Altiplano (4000m). If hoping to climb higher mountains in the area, Huayna Potosi is a good starter! Program details Type of activity: Technical climbing with ropes, trekking up to high camp (5200m) Difficulty: some fitness / good fitness Experience required: no experience / some experience Grade of climb: Normal route II/AD - 50° Number of days: 2 days, 1 night Tour starts in La Paz Tour ends in La Paz Best time of year: May to September Season: Dry season: days are mild and nights are cold Highlights: learning basic ice climbing and mountaineering techniques, climbing Huayna Potosi, views of the Cordillera Real Program Day 1: La Paz (3600m) - Paso Zongo (4700m) - High camp (5200m) We drive from La Paz to Paso Zongo (4700m). From Paso Zongo we start to trek up to high camp. High camp is on a rock buttress at an altitude of 5200m and at the base of the glacier. The walk up in on a well used path on rock. Once at high camp we need to get our gear ready for the next day, as we have an early start in the morning. -
Bolivia 2006
ERlK MONASTERIO Bolivia 2006 Thanks are due to thejDlfowing contributors to these notes: Lindsay Griffin, John Biggar, Nick Flyvbjerg, Juliette Gehard, Arnaud Guilfaume, Moira Herring, Alain Mesili, Charlie Netherton and Katsutaka Yokoyama. Favourable weather conditions arrived early in the 2006 season with a premature end to the austral summer monsoon. As usual, most climbing activity was on the normal routes on Huayna Potosi, Illimani and Condoriri, but it was gratifying to see more trekking and climbing activity in the northern Cordillera Real, which has been quite neglected in recent years. Glacier conditions on the approaches to the western routes of Ancohuma and Illampu were by far the best seen over the past 10 years, as there were few crevasses and penitents, but the overall trend is still for rapid glacial recession. Unseasonably early snowfall arrived later in the season, substantially increasing the avalanche risk. Local guides say the climbing season is moving earlier each year. In 2005 the weather was almost continuously bad throughout September. The political situation is always important when it comes to planning a trip to Bolivia's Cordillera. The February 2006 democratic elections were unprecedented in terms of voter turnout, and for the first time elected as president an indigenous leader from a non-traditional party. Evo Morales won by a clear majority and formed a government with strong ideological affiliations to Venezuela and Cuba, rejecting US influence. This brought initial stability to the nation and the political demonstrations and strikes that in previous years paralysed the nation were not a problem during the May-September climbing season. -
Proyecto Illimani “Oferta De Agua Histórica En
Fortaleciendo la capacidad y desarrollando estrategias de adaptación a los fenómenos de Cambio Climático en comunidades de montaña de la Cordillera Real de Los Andes Centrales de Bolivia INSTITUTO DE HIDRÁULICA E HIDROLOGÍA PROYECTO ILLIMANI “OFERTA DE AGUA HISTÓRICA EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO SAJHUAYA” INFORME FINAL Daniel R. Espinoza Romero Pablo Fuchs LA PAZ – BOLIVIA Octubre 2011 INDICE DE CONTENIDO 1 INTRODUCCIÓN _______________________________________________________________ 1 1.1 Antecedentes ______________________________________________________________ 1 1.2 Objetivo ___________________________________________________________________ 1 1.3 Contenido y alcance _________________________________________________________ 1 1.4 Área de estudio _____________________________________________________________ 1 1.4.1 Descripción regional general _____________________________________________ 1 1.4.2 Descripción local ________________________________________________________ 3 2 METODOLOGÍA ________________________________________________________________ 5 2.1 Enfoque de la investigación __________________________________________________ 5 2.2 Generación de la base de datos hidro-meteorológica ____________________________ 6 2.2.1 Recopilación de información ______________________________________________ 6 2.2.1.1 Termometría __________________________________________________________ 6 2.2.1.2 Pluviometría __________________________________________________________ 6 2.2.1.3 Otra información _______________________________________________________ -
Esfuerzos Humanos II. Observaciones Adivinatorias Y Técnicas Simbólicas Ciencia Y Cultura, Núm
Ciencia y Cultura ISSN: 2077-3323 [email protected] Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo Bolivia Capítulo 3: Esfuerzos humanos II. Observaciones adivinatorias y técnicas simbólicas Ciencia y Cultura, núm. 21, noviembre, 2008, pp. 61-146 Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo La Paz, Bolivia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=425839835004 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Capítulo 3 Esfuerzos humanos II Observaciones adivinatorias y técnicas simbólicas Las diferentes maneras con que el campesino se acerca a la realidad que le rodea pueden ser definidas por los grados de penetración en ella. Se trata de un movimiento que empieza, por así decirlo, en la superficie y que desde allí penetra hasta lo más profundo de la realidad. No es un movimiento irracional, fortuito o inconsiderado, sino qué deliberado y meditado, orientado hacia un objetivo claro: sobrevivir de la mejor manera posible. En función de alcanzar esta meta, está siempre la cosecha y, en función de ella, las diferentes activi- dades agrícolas. La experiencia con la realidad ha enseñado al campesino que la meta es alcan- zable siempre que él logre realizar las observaciones correctas y desarrollar las técnicas para reconocer esa realidad en sus diferentes dimensiones y, así, aproximarse a ella. En el capítulo anterior hemos conocido las diversas maneras en que el aymara observa la naturaleza y la atmósfera, y las técnicas 61 que ha inventado y desarrollado para realizar de la mejor manera sus activi- dades agrícolas. -
20150331191630 0.Pdf
2 3 Esta publicación cuenta con el auspicio del Fondo Climático de Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Alemania y de la Embajada de la República Federal de Alemania en Bolivia. Glaciares Bolivia Testigos del 12 cambio climático Concepto, textos y edición general: Teresa Torres-Heuchel Edición gráfica:Gabriela Fajardo E. Diseño de portada y diagramación: Erik Rodríguez Archivo gráfico y documentación: Heidi Stache, Ekkehard Jordan, Deutscher Alpenverein (DAV), Instituto Boliviano de la Montaña (BMI) Fotografía de portada: Dirk Hoffmann Colaboradoras: Alicia de Mier, Johanna Hömberg El contenido de la presente publicación es de responsabilidad del Instituto Boliviano de la Montaña (BMI) Urbanización La Barqueta, Achumani Calle 28 B esquina calle 4 C Sajama 5 Teléfono: 2.71.24.32. Correo electrónico: [email protected] Casilla: 3-12417 La Paz, Bolivia Depósito Legal: 4–1–2654–14 Impreso por CREATIVA 2 488 588 (La Paz) 4 5 Vista de Mina Pacuni, Quimsa Cruz (BMI / 2014) 6 Glaciares Bolivia Testigos del 12 cambio climático Indice Prólogo Presentación 12 Glaciares I. Sajama II. San Enrique III. Illimani IV. Picacho Kasiri V. Wila Manquilisani VI. Chacaltaya VII. Chiar Kerini VIII. Zongo IX. Lengua Quebrada X. Maria Lloco XI. Wila Llojeta XII. Culin Thojo La vida en torno al glaciar Glaciares y el ciclo hídrico Bofedales, tesoros de montaña Lagunas glaciares y los nuevos riesgos para la población de montaña El cambio climático en Bolivia Bolivia y los bolivianos en el cambio climático Buscando limitar el calentamiento global a 2º C COP 20 en puertas, glaciares andinos expuestos a ojos del mundo 7 8 Región Nigruni, Cordillera Oriental (BMI / 2014) Prólogo Frenar el calentamiento global y desarrollar soluciones para la adaptación al cambio climático es una tarea global. -
The Cordillera Real
44 THE CORDILLERA REAL THE CORDILLERA REAL , BY EVELIO ECHEVARRIA C. HE lovely ranges of Southern Peru slope gradually down to the shores of Lake Titicaca, but this is not their end; to the east of Carabaya knot springs another ridge, which enters Bolivia and reaches its maximum elevation and magnificence in the Cordillera Real of the latter country. The name Cordillera Real was given by the Spaniards as homage to a range of royal dignity; it is located in the north-west of Bolivia, between I5° 40" and 16° 40" S., running roughly north-west to south east for an approximate length of 100 miles. This range was termed by Austrian mountaineers ' der Himalaya der N euen Welt'. Although this honour may now be disputed by several Peruvian cordilleras, it contains nevertheless mountain scenery of Himalayan grandeur; six twenty-thousanders and scores of lesser peaks are found in the region between Illampu (20,873 ft.) and Illimani (21 ,201 ft.), the mighty pillars of each extreme. The Cordillera Real is a snow and ice range; it forms a lovely back ground for that remarkable high plateau, the Bolivian Altiplano, and is in full sight nine months a year. The white peaks, the steppe-like plain and the empty, blue skies have given to this part of Bolivia a Tibetan air that many travellers have noticed; and the Mongolian features of the Aymara Indians, stolidly facing the chill winds, reinforce this opinion. General description In the north and in the south the Cordillera Real rises over deep mountain basins ; peaks like Illimani soar well above the wooded hills of Coroico and Inquisive, towns only 4,700 ft. -
PORTADA KHANA 2010 Entera
REVISTA MUNICIPAL DE CULTURAS Número 51 abril 2010 Dr. Juan del Granado Cosío ALCALDE MUNICIPAL Walter Gómez Méndez OFICIAL MAYOR DE CULTURAS La Paz - Bolivia CONSEJO EDITORIAL Ivica Tadic Pereira Gabriela Lázaro Luis Oporto Ordóñez Daniel González Gómez - Acebo DISEÑO Y DIAGRAMACIÓN Daniel Aliaga Saravia Samuel Rendón ILUSTRACIONES René Téllez Alain Mesili Dr. Luis Quiroga Chinchilla Samuel Rendón Manuel Seoane Armando Urioste Marcelo Pérez del Carpio Archivo OMC APOYO LOGÍSTICO Christian Díaz Toledo Deposito Legal: IMPRESIÓN Impresiones Gráficas VIRGO. Entre las muchas satisfacciones de las cuales me permito, sin postizas modestias, enorgullecerme al final de esta doble gestión que va llegando a su término, una, y no de las menores, es la de haber propiciado, con el esfuerzo de los compañeros y compañeras de la Oficialía Mayor de Culturas, el relanzamiento de la revista Khana, ahora nuevamente una contribución periódica regular a los estudios históricos, literarios, sociológicos y antropológicos que nos permiten conocer mejor qué y quiénes somos, de donde venimos y, por ende hacia donde nos encaminamos en tanto colectivo que ha retomado el control de su propio destino, para forjarlo día a día en tarea compartida de autoridades y comunidad. Está claro que la transformación de una ciudad no pasa únicamente por la modernización de la infraestructura urbana, y que tampoco es dable propiciar una mejor calidad de vida, entendiendo esta última como la mera posibilidad de acceso igualitarios a servicios básicos y oportunidades para todos, así