DOCSLIB.ORG

THE LEGAL PERSONA of JALAL AL-DIN AL-SUYUTI a Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE LEGAL PERSONA of JALAL AL-DIN AL-SUYUTI a Dissertation FRAMING THE JURIST: THE LEGAL PERSONA OF JALAL AL-DIN AL-SUYUTI A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arabic By Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez, M.A. Washington, DC April 20, 2012 Copyright 2012 by Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez All Rights Reserved ii FRAMING THE JURIST: THE LEGAL PERSONA OF JALAL AL-DIN AL-SUYUTI Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Felicitas M. M. Opwis, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This research looks at attempts by the Egyptian polymath Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505) to frame his authority as a jurist in his legal writings. The research aims to access the multi-faceted legal persona that the author constructs through his use of the written word. I suggest that al- Suyūṭī seeks to assert his authority as a superior scholar at a time in which claims to practice independent legal reasoning (ijtihād) were often met with hostility by members of the scholarly community. Each chapter is intended to analyze in detail a different aspect of al-Suyūṭī’s legal persona as well as a different rhetorical strategy that the author uses to establish, defend, and maintain his authority. The texts examined as case studies include: a legal opinion (fatwā) concerning scholarly stipends funded by ‘public’ endowments, a fatwā condemning the study of logic, independent treatises and sections of the author’s autobiography dealing with the concepts of ijtihād and tajdīd (religious renewal), and a book on legal precepts (qawā‘id). I assume that the author’s choice of form and genre is deliberate and that his use of language speaks to his pragmatic goals. In order to claim the rank of mujtahid (jurist capable of independent reasoning) and mujaddid (renewer of religion), al-Suyūṭī must speak and act as such. To understand how al-Suyūṭī uses language to accomplish these goals, I incorporate into my analysis theories and methodological tools from the realm of sociolinguistics, including iii framing techniques, interdiscursivity, communities of practice, critical discourse analysis, and pragmatics. Sociolinguistic theories are a valuable means with which to understand not only what the author wishes to convey but also how he says it and why he chooses to say it in the way that he does. Finally, this research allows me to evaluate, to some degree, the relative effectiveness of al- Suyūṭī’s efforts to frame his persona as a jurist and to negotiate this identity in the world through practice. I conclude that, while al-Suyūṭī’s framing effort may have failed to convince most of his contemporaries, he is vindicated by the continuing legacy of his works. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research would not have been possible without the support of so many wonderful colleagues, family, and friends. First, I would like to thank members of my committee who generously devoted time to this project, including Felicitas Opwis, John Voll, and Reem Bassiouney. Dr. Opwis exemplifies what a great advisor can be. She encouraged me when I needed encouragement and challenged me when I needed to be challenged, all the while managing to be both professional and caring. Whenever I need to place a figure or intellectual trend within its historical context, I know that I can rely on the insights of Dr. Voll. I am truly fortunate to have such an excellent group of mentors. Any errors in the text are, of course, entirely my own. In addition to my committee, other colleagues offered valuable insights and advice, including Jonathan A.C. Brown. I was lucky enough to meet Elizabeth Sartain and to benefit from her incredible knowledge of al-Suyūṭī’s work during the crucial first stages of the research. I would also like to thank in particular Shaykh ‘Amr al-Wardānī of Egypt’s Dār al-Iftā’ who helped to make al-Suyūṭī’s legacy come alive and who carved out many hours of his busy schedule to discuss the texts with me. This work also continues the legacy of the outstanding academic mentors who helped to guide my nascent scholarly career, especially Tamara Sonn, Barbara Stowasser, and Michele Dunne. This research benefited from a number of grants and research opportunities. I would like to thank Georgetown University’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences for their financial support v of my graduate studies over the last eight years. A Foreign Language and Area Studies (FLAS) fellowship sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education allowed me to pursue language study and dissertation research in Cairo. Also, a Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Fellowship helped to support my research during the summer of 2010. Last but not least, I am grateful for the support of my family and friends. My friend and colleague Aja Chaker stepped in at a key moment and she along with Rebecca Kallem have been a great source of strength. I am always thankful for my amazing family, especially my parents, who patiently read through drafts of this work and who have been constant in their support of me. I consider them to be my role models, both intellectually and spiritually. This research would not have been completed in a timely manner without the help of my in-laws, particularly my marvelous mother-in-law, Roxanne Hernandez. My husband Nelson deserves special acknowledgement for his unfailing kindness and loving care. Finally, I wish to express boundless affection for our sweet Helen who was a newborn at the same time that this dissertation was coming into the world. Your mama loves you! vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 Chapter One: Literature Review ………………………………………………………………. 27 Chapter Two: Al-Suyūṭī’s Waqf Fatwā ……………………………………………………….. 53 Chapter Three: Al-Suyūṭī’s Logic Fatwā …………………………………………………….. 95 Chapter Four: Al-Suyūṭī’s Tajdīd Genre …………………………………………………….. 138 Chapter Five: Al-Suyūṭī’s Legal Precepts …………………………………………………… 183 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………… 227 Appendix One: Waqf Fatwā Translation …………………………………………………….. 249 Appendix Two: Logic Fatwā Translation ……………………………………………………. 252 Appendix Three: Tajdīd Chapter Translation ………………………………………………... 255 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………………. 264 vii INTRODUCTION The identity formation of a public intellectual does not occur at random; it takes work. The literary critic Stephen Greenblatt, in his Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare, looks at the efforts of sixteenth-century European scholars to shape and control their own identities. He calls this endeavor “self-fashioning,” or the achievement of “a distinctive personality, a characteristic address to the world, a consistent mode of perceiving and behaving.”1 Erving Goffman, speaking from a sociological perspective, would refer to this process as establishing “footing,” meaning how one positions or aligns oneself in a conversation.2 Goffman assumes that more goes on during a conversation than a simple speaker- hearer model of communication. To grasp the full effect of a speaker’s efforts to convey a “projected self” to several different actual and imagined audiences, one must take into account the larger context in which the discourse is produced and consumed. Greenblatt points out the obvious difficulty in attempting to assess the constructed identity of a sixteenth-century figure who, in the present day, exists only in the literary artifacts that he or she left behind for others to read. Since we cannot interview the Renaissance or medieval scholar, we must approach him or her indirectly through interpretation. In interpreting the text, one should approach it as a living document in dialogue with its social context, including the context of the interpreter. As Greenblatt puts it: “Language, like other sign systems, is a collective construction; our interpretive task must be to grasp more sensitively the consequences of this fact by investigating both the social presence to the world of the literary 1 Stephen Greenblatt, Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), p. 2. 2 Erving Goffman, Forms of Talk (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981), p. 128. 1 text and the social presence of the world in the literary text.”3 Even selecting a limited number of “resonant texts,” as Greenblatt does, is in itself an act of interpretation imposed on the data. Aims of the Study This study looks at attempts by the fifteenth-century jurist, Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī, to frame his authority as a superior jurist of his time in his legal writing. The research aims to access the persona that al-Suyūṭī seeks to convey specifically as a jurist in his legal works and examines how the author constructs and maintains this authority through his use of language. As an interpreter of al-Suyūṭī and his world, I chose to analyze in detail a few texts that speak particularly to the role of the jurist both in al-Suyūṭī’s personal frame of reference as well as within the larger context of late medieval Mamluk Cairo. The texts on which the study is focused are ones that the author produced in the midst of conflict and that stirred up further controversy in their own right. I assume that it is in these moments of crisis that al-Suyūṭī feels most keenly the need to reinforce his own authority relative to that of his opponents. The “resonant texts” that I selected for this study are two fatwās (legal opinions) by al- Suyūṭī written in response to specific issues, various treatises and a section from his autobiographical work concerning the concepts of ijtihād (independent legal reasoning) and tajdīd (religious renewal), plus al-Suyūṭī’s full-length book on legal precepts (qawā‘id fiqhiyya). My strategy in approaching these texts is to look both for internal evidence in the text and external evidence in the context in order to access the author and his world indirectly.4 Each chapter is intended to illustrate a different aspect of al-Suyūṭī’s legal persona and contains, I 3 Greenblatt, Renaissance Self-Fashioning, p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ahmad Zarruq, Sainthood and Authority in Islam. by Scott Kugle
    234 Book Reviews / Islamic Law and Society 16 (2009) 231-238 Rebel between Spirit and Law: Ahmad Zarruq, Sainthood and Authority in Islam. By Scott Kugle. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. Pp. xv + 305. ISBN 0-253-34711-4. $49.95. The topic of this book is the Moroccan Sufi Aḥmad b. Aḥmad al-Zarrūq (d. 899/ 1494). As the title suggests, however, the author weaves the life story of Zarrūq into a much wider pattern of the different ways to be a Sufi, and of the relationship between spirituality and temporal authority. Zarrūq lived in a tempestuous time in Moroccan history marked by the fall of the Marīnid dynasty, revolution in Zarrūq’s home town of Fes, and the repercussions of Portuguese attacks on the coastal towns. Kugle brings this context into the story, but also draws a parallel to today’s troubled times, by discussing how contemporary American Muslim leaders see Zarrūq as a model for a non-radical form of Islam. This is both an “internal” biography presenting Zarrūq’s main conceptions of Sufi ideas, and an “external” one of how he reacted to the political upheavals of his period. As for the latter, Zarrūq seems to have had a knack for taking unpopular, or at least politically inconvenient, positions. When the people of Fes rose up against the faltering Marīnid rule, Zarrūq chose to side with the falling Marīnids, against his erstwhile mentor, the Qādirī leader Zaytūnī. Zarrūq was forced to flee, and he spent a number of years in Egypt where he found a new mentor.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Sufism
    Abstract This thesis addresses the problem of how to interpret Islamic writers without imposing generic frameworks of later and partly Western derivation. It questions the overuse of the category “Sufism” which has sometimes been deployed to read anachronistic concerns into Islamic writers. It does so by a detailed study of some of the key works of the 13th century writer Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah (d. 709/1309). In this way it fills a gap in the learned literature in two ways. Firstly, it examines the legitimacy of prevalent conceptualisations of the category “Sufism.” Secondly, it examines the work of one Sufi thinker, and asks in what ways, if any, Western categories may tend to distort its Islamic characteristics. The methodology of the thesis is primarily exegetical, although significant attention is also paid to issues of context. The thesis is divided into two parts. Part One sets up the problem of Sufism as an organizational category in the literature. In doing so, this part introduces the works of Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah, and justifies the selection from his works for the case study in Part Two. Part Two provides a detailed case study of the works of Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah. It opens with some of the key issues involved in understanding an Islamic thinker, and gives a brief overview of Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah’s life. This is followed by an examination of materials on topics such as metaphysics, ontology, epistemology, eschatology, ethics, and soteriology. In each case it is suggested that these topics may be misleading unless care is taken not to import Western conceptuality where it is not justified by the texts.
    [Show full text]
  • Usuull-Wilaayat
    SANKORE' Institute of Islamic - African Studies International The Foundations of Sainthood By The Light of the Age, the Reviver of the Deen, the Sword of Truth and Amir’l-Mu’mineen Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye’ Edited and Translated by Amir Muhammad Shareef bin Farid Copyright © 1420/1999 Muhammad Shareef Published by SANKORE' Institute of Islamic - African Studies International The Palace of the Sultan of Maiurno Maiurno, Sennar, Sudan www.sankore.org / www.siiasi.org All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without written permission of the publishers The Foundations of Sainthood In the name of Allah, the Beneficent the Merciful, may Allah bless our master Muhammad, his family and Companions and give him much peace. Says the poor slave in need of the mercy of his Lord – Uthman ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman (who is Fulbe by lineage, Maliki by school of thought and al-`Ash`ari by doctrine of belief). All praises are due to Allah the Lord of the worlds. May the best blessings and most perfect peace be upon our master Muhammad, his family and all his Companions. May Allah be pleased with the masters among the Taabi`uun, the right- acting scholars, the four Imams who exercised independent judgment and with those who follow them until the Day of Judgment. To continue: this is the book called – The Foundation of Sainthood And It’s Prerequisites I say and success is with Allah – realize my brother that the foundations of sainthood and its prerequisites are built upon: [1] adherence to the Book and the Sunna; [2] avoiding passions and heretical innovation; [3] extolling the sanctity of the shaykhs; [4] envisioning the non-existence of creation; [5] persistence in the litanies; and [6] avoiding immoderation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi : Islam in Modern South Asia
    prelims.qxd 8/8/2007 1:59 PM Page i MAKERS of the MUSLIM WORLD Ashraf ‘AliThanawi prelims.qxd 8/8/2007 1:59 PM Page ii SELECTION OF TITLES IN THE MAKERS OF THE MUSLIM WORLD SERIES Series editor: Patricia Crone, Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton ‘Abd al-Malik, Chase F.Robinson Abd al-Rahman III, Maribel Fierro Abu Nuwas, Philip Kennedy Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Christopher Melchert Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi, Usha Sanyal Al-Ma’mun, Michael Cooperson Al-Mutanabbi, Margaret Larkin Amir Khusraw, Sunil Sharma El Hajj Beshir Agha, Jane Hathaway Fazlallah Astarabadi and the Hurufis, Shazad Bashir Ibn ‘Arabi,William C. Chittick Ibn Fudi,Ahmad Dallal Ikhwan al-Safa, Godefroid de Callatay Shaykh Mufid,Tamima Bayhom-Daou For current information and details of other books in the series, please visit www.oneworld-publications.com prelims.qxd 8/8/2007 1:59 PM Page iii MAKERS of the MUSLIM WORLD Ashraf ‘AliThanawi Islam in Modern South Asia MUHAMMAD QASIM ZAMAN prelims.qxd 8/8/2007 1:59 PM Page iv ASHRAF ‘ALI THANAWI A Oneworld Book Published by Oneworld Publications 2007 Copyright © Muhammad Qasim Zaman 2007 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN-13: 978–1–85168–415–1 Typeset by Jayvee,Trivandrum, India Printed and bound in India for Imprint Digital Oneworld Publications 185 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7AR England www.oneworld-publications.com Learn more about Oneworld. Join our mailing list to find out about our latest titles and special offers at: www.oneworld-publications.com
    [Show full text]
  • A Sufi Alternative to Sharifism?
    Al-Qantara, vol. 17, nº 2 (1996) THE «SOVEREIGNTY OF THE IMAMATE» (SIYÀDA TAL-IMÀMA) OF THE JAZÜLIYYA-GHAZWÁMYYA: A SUFI ALTERNATIVE TO SHARIFISM? V. J. CORNELL Duke University At the end of the fifteenth century, the juridical Sufi Ahmad Zarrùq (d. 899/1493) wrote the following critique of Moroccan Sufism in ar- Radd 'ala ahl al-bid'a: Our concern is with a particular clique which overran and spread throughout this our Maghrib in both rural and urban areas, and much more in the rural areas. This was invented by certain people to benefit from the rulers of this world. They started gathering the ignorant and vulgar, male and female, whose hearts are blank and whose minds are immature. They instilled into them from a religious point of view the be­ lief that repentance is to be had by shaving the head, gobbling up food, gathering for banquets, invoking by turn, utterances and cries, using the mantles and beads, making a show of themselves, and holding that so- and-so is their master and that there is no other master save him. They tour the country, and whenever they arrive at a populated area they start invoking by turn, as sheep and cattle are slaughtered for them. They move from one place to another with their servants, some of them on their hor­ ses. They assert that by this they revive and display religion, while per­ suading the vulgar to believe that the ulama are obstructing the way to God, and warn the ignorant against them. So they became enemies of the learned and learning.
    [Show full text]
  • Secret Politics of the Sufi: the Sultan And
    THE SECRET POLITICS OF THE SUFI: THE SULTAN AND THE SAINT IN MODERN MOROCCO By Abdelilah Bouasria Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Public Affairs of American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Political Science Chair: Mark Sedgwick Dean of the School of Public Affairs Date 2010 American University Washington D.C. 20016 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 95^ UMI Number: 3415750 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 3415750 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 © COPYRIGHT by Abdelilah Bouasria 2010 All RIGHTS RESERVED DEDICATION To my parents whose unconditional love and financing made me believe that I could do To my wife Paula whose greatness, sweetness and love are so huge that no word could fit, To my sister Leila whose chit chats and debates came to my blurring confusions as a split, To Sidi Hamza, my Sufi master, who taught me that dreams are a school of olives without a pit, To Michel Foucault, the archeologist, who befriended me in times of despair witch such abnormal wit.
    [Show full text]
  • Ibn Khaldun's Views on Sufism
    BETWEEN SPIRITUAL AUTHORITY AND TEMPORAL POWER: IBN KHALDUN’S VIEWS ON SUFISM Saiyad Nizamuddin Ahmad Abstract In the 9th/15th century the jurist and historian ‘Abd al-Rahman Ibn Khaldun (d. 808/1406) became involved in a dispute that broke out in Andalusia about whether one needed a shaykh to tread the sufi path or whether books sufficed. The dispute was a very heated one and generated much discussion about the nature of sufism and spiritual realization. The response of Ibn Khaldun, as well as the other key figures who issued rulings (fatwas) on this question, are analyzed and Ibn Khaldun’s view is further examined in the light of a much neglected fatwa of his in addition to relevant passages from the 0XTDGGLDPDDQG6KLID¶ƯDO-sa’il. It is argued that that Ibn Khaldun favored a sober pursuit of the spiritual path based on rigorous adherence to the Qur’an and Sunna while rejecting the monistic doctrines of Ibn al-‘Arabi and others whom he condemned in the strongest possible terms. Moreover, this condemnation was the result of what Ibn Khaldun perceived to be the dangers inherent in Ibn a- l-‘Arabi’s doctrine of the Perfect Man since it allowed for the possibility of individual saintly apotheosis that he further saw as an even more dangerous coinciding of spiritual authority and temporal power. Introduction Ibn Khaldun became involved in an intellectual dispute which arose in Andalusia on the nature of the sufi spiritual quest to which he devoted an entire treatise entitled Shifa’ al-sa’il ila tahdhib al-masa’il which despite its appearance in a critical edition in 1958 55 SAIYAD NIZAMUDDIN AHMAD continues to be somewhat neglected.1 He additionally made known his views on the potential dangers of certain kinds of sufism, sufis and sufi books in an also somewhat neglected fatwa of condemnation which comes down to us in three slightly different versions.2 In what follows, we will examine Ibn Khaldun’s view of what constitutes legitimate Sufism as set out in Shifa’ al-sa’il together with his fatwa against certain sufi writings.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction 1 What Is Sufism? History, Characteristics, Patronage
    Notes Introduction 1 . It must be noted that even if Sufism does indeed offer a positive mes- sage, this does not mean that non-Sufi Muslims, within this dichotomous framework, do not also offer similar positive messages. 2. We must also keep in mind that it is not merely current regimes that can practice illiberal democracy but also Islamist governments, which may be doing so for power, or based on their specific stance of how Islam should be implemented in society (Hamid, 2014: 25–26). 3 . L o i m e i e r ( 2 0 0 7 : 6 2 ) . 4 . Often, even cases that looked to be solely political actually had specific economic interests underlying the motivation. For example, Loimeier (2007) argues that in the cases of Sufi sheikhs such as Ahmad Khalifa Niass (b. 1946), along with Sidi Lamine Niass (b. 1951), both first seemed to speak out against colonialism. However, their actions have now “be[en] interpreted as particularly clever strategies of negotiating privileged posi- tions and access to scarce resources in a nationwide competition for state recognition as islamologues fonctionnaries ” (Loimeier, 2007: 66–67). 5 . There have been occasions on which the system was challenged, but this often occurred when goods or promises were not granted. For example, Loimeier (2007: 63) explains that the times when the relationship seemed to be questioned were times when the state was having economic issues and often could not provide the benefits people expected. When this happened, Murid Sufi leaders at times did speak out against the state’s authority (64).
    [Show full text]
  • Sufism and Sufi Orders : God's Spiritual Paths
    Susm and Su Orders: God’s Spiritual Paths Adaptation and Renewal in the Context of Modernization Susm and Su Orders: God’s Spiritual Paths Adaptation and Renewal in the Context of Modernization Hassan Abu Hanieh December 2011 Published in 2011 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Amman Ofce P.O. Box 926238, Amman 11110 - Jordan www.fes-jordan.org, [email protected] © Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publishers. Not for sale. Printing: Economic Printing Press, Amman, Jordan Translation and Editing: Mona Abu Rayyan Design and layout: Maya Chami, Beirut, Lebanon ISBN: 978-9957-484-15-6 Contents Introduction ......................................................... 9 Springs of Origin, Emergence and Foundation ............................. 17 Etymology and Origins of the Name, Terms and Definitions ....................................... 25 Causes, Motivations and Inspirations ............. 33 Islamic Sufism’s Historical Formation ............ 41 The Sufi Approach: Wisal and Wusul .............. 53 Mahabba and Fana’ ......................................... 65 Ways of the Path and the Order ....................... 81 Proliferation of the Paths of God ..................... 91 Sufi Orders in Jordan ...................................... 113 First: The Shadhili Order ................................... 123 I. The Shadhili-Darqawi-Hashimi Order ............. 126 II. The Shadhili-Darqawi-Hashimi- ‘Alawi-Filali
    [Show full text]
  • Illuminated Arrival in the Ḥikam Al-ʿaṭāʾ Iyyah and Three Major Commentaries
    ILLUMINATED ARRIVAL IN THE ḤIKAM AL-ʿAṬĀʾ IYYAH AND THREE MAJOR COMMENTARIES by YUNUS WESLEY SCHWEIN (Under the Direction of Alan Godlas) ABSTRACT The Kitāb al-ḥikam of Ibn ʿAṭāʾ Allāh (d. 720/1309) presents a spirituality whose goal is wuṣūl ilá Allāh, “arrival unto God.” As a collection of aphorisms, the Kitāb al-ḥikam has little internal structure: the attentive reader himself provides the structure from his religious background, mystical experience, and repeated re-readings. The commentators Ibn ʿAbbād (d. 792/1390), Zarrūq (d. 899/1494), and Ibn ʿAjībah (d. 1224/1809) reconstruct the author’s unique expression of core sources from its constituent threads, making the commented-upon work a microcosm of Islam wherein the whole is visible through each portion. Observations on the aphorisms and commentary dealing with wuṣūl, translated herein, will illustrate these hypotheses. INDEX WORDS: Aphorisms, Commentary, Exegesis, Gnomologia, Hermeneutics, Kitāb al- ḥikam, Intertextuality, Ibn ʿAbbād, Ibn ʿAjībah, Ibn ʿAṭāʾ Allāh, Moroccan literature, Mysticism, Non-narrative literature, Shurūḥ, Shādhiliyyah, Sufism, Wisdom literature, Zarrūq ILLUMINATED ARRIVAL IN THE ḤIKAM AL-ʿAṬĀʾ IYYAH AND THREE MAJOR COMMENTARIES by YUNUS WESLEY SCHWEIN B.A., Montclair State University, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2007 © 2007 Yunus Wesley Schwein All Rights Reserved ILLUMINATED ARRIVAL IN THE ḤIKAM AL-ʿAṬĀʾ IYYAH AND THREE
    [Show full text]
  • Download the New Jan-June 2021 Catologue
    FICTIONPOETRYNARRATIVE HORRORPROSEBIOGRAPHY NOVELSHORTSTORYNONFIC- TIONRELIGIOUSTEXTSDRAM ESSAYMYSTERYTHRILLERPSY FABLETRGEDYAUTOBIGRAPNEW TITLES SATIREMYTHCHILDREN’SLIT HUMOURNOVELLAMEMOIRCATALOGUE ROMANCEPHILOSOPHY FIC- TIONPOETRYNARRATIVEPOJanuary - June 2021 HORRORPROSEBIOGRAPHY NOVELSHORTSTORYNONFIC- TIONRELIGIOUSTEXTSDRAM ESSAYMYSTERYTHRILLERPSY FABLETRGEDYAUTOBIGRAP SATIREMYTHCHILDREN’SLIT HUMOURNOVELLAMEMOIR ROMANCEPHILOSOPHY FIC- TIONPOETRYNARRATIVEPO HORRORPROSEBIOGRAPHY NOVELSHORTSTORYNONFIC- TIONRELIGIOUSTEXTSDRAM ESSAYMYSTERYTHRILLERPSY FABLETRGEDYAUTOBIGRAP SATIREMYTHCHILDREN’SLIT HUMOURNOVELLAMEMOIR ROMANCEPHILOSOPHY FIC- TIONPOETRYNARRATIVEPO WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF BEACON BOOKS Beacon Books began its journey in November of 2013. Our first book was written by the world renowned scholar Dr Gibril Fouad Haddad on the Encyclopedia of Hadith Forgeries and since then we have steadily grown to publish books in a wide range of genres from Quranic Studies, biographies and children’s books. We have exciting plans to start a number of series including classic and original new poetry as well as an academic series. But first we introduce the exciting and edifying Sohbat Series - a collection of books exploring the experiences of a disciple in the presence of their master. We also explore the mysteries and wonder of the Middle East with the first three novels as part of our much-anticipated Marmaduke Pickthall Collection. For more information and to place your orders, contact us today on: Beacon Books & Media Ltd Earl Business Centre
    [Show full text]
  • MYSTERIES of the SUFI PATH the Sufi Community in Jordan and Its Zawiyas, Hadras and Orders Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan National Library Submission No
    MYSTERIES OF THE SUFI PATH The Sufi Community in Jordan and Its Zawiyas, Hadras and Orders Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan National Library Submission No. (2020/12/5184) Abu Rumman, Mohammed Sulaiman Mystiries of the Sufi Path: The Sufi Community in Jordan and Its Zawiyas, Hadras and Orders. Translated by William Ward, - Amman: Friedrich Ebert Foundation (374) pages Deposite Number: 2020/12/5184 Descriptors: Sufi Orders/Sufism/Islamic Groups The author bears full legal liability for the content of his work. This work does not reflect the opinion of the Department of the National Library or any other government authority. Publisher: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Jordan and Iraq Office Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung – Amman Office PO Box 941876, Amman 11194, Jordan Email: [email protected] Website: www.fes-jordan.org Not for sale © Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Amman Office All rights reserved. This book may not be reprinted, stored, reproduced, or transmitted in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, including by electronic means or computer – such as photocopying, recording, or using any information storage and retrieval system – without prior written authorization from the publisher. The views contained in this study do not necessarily reflect the views of Friedrich- Ebert-Stiftung. The writer is personally responsible for the content of the portion he or she wrote. • Cover design:Huda Khalil Al Sha’ir • Design of interior: Eman Khattab • Printer: Alam Alfiker Printing Press • ISBN: (978-9923-759-21-9) MYSTERIES OF THE SUFI PATH The Sufi Community in Jordan and Its Zawiyas, Hadras and Orders Dr. Mohammed Abu Rumman FOREWORD By Tim O.
    [Show full text]