10/8/2015
Metal Subgroups
Alkali, Alkaline Earth, Transition
Today’s Goals
►►We will focus on the major subgroups of the periodic table.
°° What is a subgroup? °° A subgroup is a small part of a larger group.
°° Our larger group is the metals (yesterday), and our subgroups will be different types of metals.
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The Alkali Metals
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The Alkali Metals
The Alkali Metals ►►Made up of all the Group 1 elements
Characteristics ►►Shiny ►►Malleable ►►Ductile ►►Highly reactive with water ►►Each atom has one valence electron, meaning it can bond with only one other atom.
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Shiny (Sodium ––Na)Na)
Malleable
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Ductile
Highly reactive with water
►►Just watch the video…
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One valence electron
►► This means it can Common Alkali Compounds form only one bond! ►► NaCl (sodium chloride) ►► KBr (potassium bromide) ►► KCl (potassium chloride) ►► LiBr (lithium bromide)
Uses of Alkali Metals
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Bipolar Disorder
Sodium Chloride
NaCl
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NaCl & KCl
Deicing Roads
% Salt Melts at: 0% 32 oF 10% 20 oF 20% 2oF
The Alkaline Earth Metals
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The Alkaline Metals
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The Alkaline Earth Metals
►► Made up of all the Group 2 elements
Characteristics ►► Shiny ►► Malleable ►► Ductile ►► Very reactive (but less than alkali metals) ►► Each atom has two valence electrons, meaning it can bond with two other atoms
You know the properties of alkaline earth metals so let’s look at their uses… ►►Beryllium ––emeraldsemeralds (most valuable) ►►Magnesium ––burning,burning, white fireworks light, baseball bats, spaceships ►►Calcium ––milk,milk, bones, teeth, limestone (our water!) ►►Barium ––absorbsabsorbs x--raysx rays to diagnose digestive disorders
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Beryllium
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Magnesium
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Calcium
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Barium
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Transition Metals
Groups 33--1212
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Transition Metals
►►Properties ►►Same as alkali & alkaline earth metals, except they are less reactive on their own. ►►Examples: °° Copper, silver, gold, iron, aluminum, etc. ►►Magnets ––iron,iron, cobalt, nickel ►►Coinage ––copper,copper, silver, gold ►►Group 12 ––zinc,zinc, cadmium, mercury
Iron, Cobalt, Nickel
►►The only known elements that generate a magnetic field (more on this later)
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Copper, Silver, Gold
►► Called “coinage” metals because of their historic use as coins.
►► These metals are very unreactive, so they are often found alone in nature
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Panning for Gold
Gold Mine
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Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury (Group 12)
►►Zinc ––usedused to coat other metals because it forms an unreactive surface (protection) ►►Cadmium ––usedused in plating and rechargeable batteries ►►Mercury ––aa silvery liquid used in thermometers, thermostats, batteries, etc. °° Highly poisonous to humans, though common due to its accumulation in fish high in the food chain
Zinc
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Cadmium
Mercury
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The only metal liquid at room temperat ure
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The Aquatic Food Chain
Effects of mercury on fetal development ►►Reduced shortshort--termterm memory ►►Lowered attention span ►►Reduced language skills
►►Don’t eat fish that are high up the food chain when pregnant!
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The End!
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