10/8/2015 Metal Subgroups Alkali, Alkaline Earth, Transition Today’s Goals ►►We will focus on the major subgroups of the periodic table. °° What is a subgroup? °° A subgroup is a small part of a larger group. °° Our larger group is the metals (yesterday), and our subgroups will be different types of metals. 1 10/8/2015 The Alkali Metals 2 10/8/2015 The Alkali Metals The Alkali Metals ►►Made up of all the Group 1 elements Characteristics ►►Shiny ►►Malleable ►►Ductile ►►Highly reactive with water ►►Each atom has one valence electron, meaning it can bond with only one other atom. 3 10/8/2015 Shiny (Sodium ––Na)Na) Malleable 4 10/8/2015 Ductile Highly reactive with water ►►Just watch the video… 5 10/8/2015 One valence electron ►► This means it can Common Alkali Compounds form only one bond! ►► NaCl (sodium chloride) ►► KBr (potassium bromide) ►► KCl (potassium chloride) ►► LiBr (lithium bromide) Uses of Alkali Metals 6 10/8/2015 Bipolar Disorder Sodium Chloride NaCl 7 10/8/2015 NaCl & KCl Deicing Roads % Salt Melts at: 0% 32 oF 10% 20 oF 20% 2oF The Alkaline Earth Metals 8 10/8/2015 The Alkaline Metals 9 10/8/2015 The Alkaline Earth Metals ►► Made up of all the Group 2 elements Characteristics ►► Shiny ►► Malleable ►► Ductile ►► Very reactive (but less than alkali metals) ►► Each atom has two valence electrons, meaning it can bond with two other atoms You know the properties of alkaline earth metals so let’s look at their uses… ►►Beryllium ––emeraldsemeralds (most valuable) ►►Magnesium ––burning,burning, white fireworks light, baseball bats, spaceships ►►Calcium ––milk,milk, bones, teeth, limestone (our water!) ►►Barium ––absorbsabsorbs x--raysx rays to diagnose digestive disorders 10 10/8/2015 Beryllium 11 10/8/2015 Magnesium 12 10/8/2015 Calcium 13 10/8/2015 Barium 14 10/8/2015 15 10/8/2015 Transition Metals Groups 33--1212 16 10/8/2015 Transition Metals ►►Properties ►►Same as alkali & alkaline earth metals, except they are less reactive on their own. ►►Examples: °° Copper, silver, gold, iron, aluminum, etc. ►►Magnets ––iron,iron, cobalt, nickel ►►Coinage ––copper,copper, silver, gold ►►Group 12 ––zinc,zinc, cadmium, mercury Iron, Cobalt, Nickel ►►The only known elements that generate a magnetic field (more on this later) 17 10/8/2015 Copper, Silver, Gold ►► Called “coinage” metals because of their historic use as coins. ►► These metals are very unreactive, so they are often found alone in nature 18 10/8/2015 Panning for Gold Gold Mine 19 10/8/2015 Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury (Group 12) ►►Zinc ––usedused to coat other metals because it forms an unreactive surface (protection) ►►Cadmium ––usedused in plating and rechargeable batteries ►►Mercury ––aa silvery liquid used in thermometers, thermostats, batteries, etc. °° Highly poisonous to humans, though common due to its accumulation in fish high in the food chain Zinc 20 10/8/2015 Cadmium Mercury 21 10/8/2015 The only metal liquid at room temperat ure 22 10/8/2015 The Aquatic Food Chain Effects of mercury on fetal development ►►Reduced shortshort--termterm memory ►►Lowered attention span ►►Reduced language skills ►►Don’t eat fish that are high up the food chain when pregnant! 23 10/8/2015 The End! 24.