361-Emerald PPST-V029

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

361-Emerald PPST-V029 Chartering Capitalism: Organizing Markets, States, and Publics An Ancient Scheme: The Mississippi Company, Machiavelli, and the Casa di San Giorgio (1407–1720) ☆ ☆This article is part of a broader project. It was presented at seminars at Tulane University (2012), at McGill University (2013), at Duke University (2013), at the University of Utrecht (2014) and at the conference of the Economic History Society in a panel organized by Larry Neal (2014). I wish to thank the colleagues of these institutions for the invitations, the discussions, the criticisms and the support. Carlo Taviani Article information: To cite this document: Carlo Taviani . "An Ancient Scheme: The Mississippi Company, Machiavelli, and the Casa di San Giorgio (1407–1720) # #This article is part of a broader project. It was presented at seminars at Tulane University (2012), at McGill University (2013), at Duke University (2013), at the University of Utrecht (2014) and at the conference of the Economic History Society in a panel organized by Larry Neal (2014). I wish to thank the colleagues of these institutions for the invitations, the discussions, the criticisms and the support. " In Chartering Capitalism: Organizing Markets, States, and Publics. Published online: 11 Aug 2015; 239-256. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S0198-871920150000029010 Downloaded on: 02 September 2015, At: 13:27 (PT) References: this document contains references to 0 other documents. To copy this document: [email protected] The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1 times since NaN* Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by Token:BookSeriesAuthor:12867FA8-98A2-4879-9411-B052CDB50806: For Authors If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. *Related content and download information correct at time of download. AN ANCIENT SCHEME: THE MISSISSIPPI COMPANY, MACHIAVELLI, AND THE CASA DI SAN GIORGIO (1407À1720)$ Carlo Taviani ABSTRACT German legal historians of nineteenth and twentieth centuries defined the main characteristics of the corporations and believed that one renais- sance institution, the Casa di San Giorgio at Genoa (1407À1805), was similar to the corporations of later centuries. This paper proposes to reverse this perspective: did the founders of early modern corporations know the financial model of the fifteenth century Casa di San Giorgio? $This article is part of a broader project. It was presented at seminars at Tulane University (2012), at McGill University (2013), at Duke University (2013), at the University of Utrecht (2014) and at the conference of the Economic History Society in a panel organized by Larry Neal (2014). I wish to thank the colleagues of these institutions for the invitations, the discussions, the criticisms and the support. Chartering Capitalism: Organizing Markets, States, and Publics Political Power and Social Theory, Volume 29, 239À256 Copyright r 2015 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 0198-8719/doi:10.1108/S0198-871920150000029010 239 240 CARLO TAVIANI The research shows the connection between the model of the Casa di San Giorgio and the Mississippi Company of John Law (1720), the famous financial scheme and bubble. The history of the Casa di San Giorgio was mainly transmitted through a passage of Machiavelli’s History of Florence (VIII, 29). The paper offers new biographical evidence that Law had been to Genoa and introduces sources connecting the genesis of Law’s scheme for the Mississippi Company in France with the model of the Casa di San Giorgio. Keywords: Corporation; John Law; Mississippi Company; Casa di San Giorgio; Machiavelli BACK TO THE MEDITERRANEAN: THE ORIGINS OF THE CORPORATIONS There is a long tradition of research into the birth of corporations. At the end of the nineteenth century, a number of German scholars theorized that the very earliest corporations were founded in the area of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Some of these scholars were exponents of the Historische Rechtsschule: Lehmann (1895), Goldschmidt (1891), Gierke (1868À1913), Fick (1861),andSieveking (1898). A similar theory enjoyed popularity at the end of the 1960s (Mantran, 1970). Today the members of the German school are not very well known, with the exception of Max Weber. In fact, it was perhaps Weber’s overwhelming shadow that obscured their fame. Their approach was characterized by an attention to legal aspects and this enabled them to define a joint stock principle, that is, a set of legal characteristics by which an institution is recognized as a joint stock company. These scholars identi- fied this set of features by examining the English East India Company (1600À1874) and the Dutch East India Company (or VOC, 1602À1800). They then compared these characteristics to those found in earlier institu- tions. Lehman, Goldschmidt, Fick, and Gierke focused in particular on the Casa di San Giorgio (1407À1805), which had performed the functions of a central bank and holder of public debt (Gialdroni, 2011). They found a close resemblance between the Casa di San Giorgio and some of the most important financial institutions of the early modern period: the Bank of England (1694) and John Law’s Mississippi Company (1720), as well as the English and Dutch East Indies companies (Fick, 1861, p. 42; Goldschmidt, 1891, p. 291; Lehmann, 1895, pp. 4À22; Sieveking, 1898). But it was The Mississippi Company, Machiavelli, San Giorgio 241 precisely because they had derived their idea of a corporation from the early seventeenth-century examples that they concluded, in spite of these resemblances, that the Casa di San Giorgio was not a joint-stock company in the strict sense of the term. This view was also shared by Heinrich Sieveking who had begun studying the Casa di San Giorgio for his doctoral dissertation under the supervision of Max Weber in 1897. Sieveking’s aim was to determine whether the Casa di San Giorgio qualified as a joint-stock company and the inevitable conclusion he reached, in line with that of his teachers, was that while it resembled later institutions, the Casa di San Giorgio was not, strictly speaking, a corporation (Sieveking, 1898, p. 187). The characteristics we use to define a corporation today have evolved out of legal history, in other words, from a set of laws that were codified over time. Today such characteristics are embodied in terms like entity shielding (Hansmann, Kraakman, & Squire, 2005, 2006), capital lock-in, and tradable shares. The legal process that has formed our contemporary notion of the corporation dates back to the nineteenth century. But what came before that concerns more than just legal history. Several recent studies have warned of the risk of using a purely legal approach. Gelderblom, de Jong, and Jonker (2014) studying the “formative years” of the Dutch East India Company came to the conclusion that the VOC had acquired its legal features only gradually over time and that this process of adaptation took place for economic reasons. VOC’s organization has changed because of economic needs. “Legal form followed economic function, and not the other way around” (Gelderblom et al., 2014, p. 1073). Thus the “driving force” that mutated VOC’s structure was economics not law. The VOC was not a product of a legal model. Compared to studies like this, that prefer a historical approach, the work of German legal historians of late 19th century begins to look rather anachronis- tic. In fact, as early as the twentieth century several scholars had become aware of the inherent anachronism involved in the German legal historians’ searching for the origins of the stock company. Schmitthoff (1939, p. 79) defined the atti- tude of his German colleagues on the origin of corporations as a “post factum conclusion.” Despite their problems, the studies of the German 19th century legal historians! did have the merit of bringing northern and southern Europe close together and linking the Middle Ages and the Renaissance with the high finance of northern Europe in the seventeenth century. This paper is part of a larger project looking at the fortune of the model of the Casa di San Giorgio on early modern corporations, such as the VOC and the Bank of England. It aims to demonstrate the value of the questions posed by the German legal historians of late 19th century, if not their final conclusions. When resemblances are perceived to exist between financial 242 CARLO TAVIANI institutions we are justified in wondering whether knowledge of the older 1 institutions was still circulating at the time the later ones were founded. I demonstrate here that the model of the Casa di San Giorgio was familiar to the founders of several financial institutions. I shall look at a single case study, the connection between the foundation of John Law’s Mississippi Company (1720) and his familiarity with the model of the Casa di San Giorgio. I show that the economist John Law, author of one of the early modern period’s most important plans to transform public debt, was acquainted with the history and functioning of the Casa di San Giorgio and that this information about the Casa di San Giorgio aided Law in the implementation of his own plans.
Recommended publications
  • A Virtual Train Journey Along the Mare Ligure from Ventimiglia to Rome
    Italian Culture Newsletter Number 22 A Virtual Train Journey along the Mare Ligure from Ventimiglia to Rome. Marie and I have made this journey on a number of occasions. In doing so we have either made the journey in a single day albeit with a change of train, usually at Genova. On other occasions, we have spent an evening or even a few days at Genova and/or at Livorno or Pisa. The journey described will involve more stops on the way but could be more interesting on that account. The trip begins in Ventimiglia where we stayed overnight on our last day of our last holiday in Italy. This had been occasioned by the French railway strike which prevented any trains from running from Ventimiglia to Nice on the day of our arrival from Rome into the city at the Italian- French border in Liguria. Our first visit to Ventimiglia was in 2006 when some Italian friends from Cuneo, due north of Ventimiglia, in Piemonte, met us at the rail station in Ventimiglia to take us for a short stay at their apartment in Nice. On that occasion we didn’t see much of the city except for part of the old medieval town, which now mostly is the home of many of the southerners from Naples, Calabria and Sicily who moved north seeking employment after WWII. The old town is perched high above the new city with its long sea-front promenade and railway station. Ventimiglia is the ancient Albium Intemelium, the capital of the Intemelii, a Ligurian tribe which long resisted the Romans, until in 115 BC it was forced to submit to Marcus Aemilius Scaurus.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Banking Behaviour Among Rural Households in Southwest Nigeria
    ASSESSMENT OF BANKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA A Thesis SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION SERVICES, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ADO-EKITI NIGERIA. BY SHITU ADENIPEKUN GABRIEL MATRIC NO: 0400015 IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF AGRICULTURE B. AGRIC (HONS) IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION SERVICES Supervisor Dr. Mrs O. M. Apata B. Sc. (Hon), M. Sc. & Ph.D (Ibadan) (Agricultural Extension and Rural Development) April, 2010 © Shitu Adenipekun Gabriel, 2010 DEDICATION I dedicate this research work to the God Almighty, the one that rules the affairs of the whole world for his saving, sustaining, supplicating and sufficient grace in my life. Also to my articulate, indefatigable, dedicated, caring and ever-loving parents Presiding Elder & Deaconess M.A Shitu. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In this age of information, knowledge is plentiful, but wisdom is scarce. Wisdom means far more than simply knowing a lot. It is a basic attitude that affects every aspect of life. We may accrue knowledge, but without Jesus Christ the wisdom of God, our knowledge is futile. On this ground, I solemnly express my utmost gratitude to Abba father, the giver of wisdom for the successful completion of my undergraduate study in this prestigious citadel of learning. My unreserved and sincere appreciation goes to my supervisor Dr Mrs Apata O.M for her motherly love and masterpiece of advise, tolerance, encouragement and support in the course of this research work. I am also indebted to all academic staffs in the department of Agricultural Economics & Extension services Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Aftermarket Research Source Book
    Aftermarket Research Source Book November 2020 Refinitiv Aftermarket research collections provide the most comprehensive offering in the marketplace, with over 30 million research reports from over 1,900 sources. This document provides an index of the available research sources across the following collections: Subscription / Investext® Collection Pay-Per-View (PPV) / Research Select and Market Research Collections Aftermarket Research Source Book - November 2020 2 New Contributors Added Year to Date 81 contributors from 34 countries have been added to the collection since the beginning of 2020 Australia 3 Ireland 1 South Africa 1 Brazil 1 Japan 4 South Korea 1 Canada 5 Kenya 2 Spain 2 Chile 1 Lebanon 1 Switzerland 1 China 4 Liechtenstein 1 Turkey 2 Colombia 1 Nigeria 4 United Arab Emirates 6 France 2 Peru 1 United Kingdom 5 Germany 1 Philippines 1 United States 11 Ghana 1 Russia 1 Uzbekistan 2 Hong Kong 6 Saudi Arabia 1 Vietnam 1 India 3 Singapore 2 Indonesia 1 Slovenia 1 Contributor Highlights Refinitiv is pleased to announce that BofA Global Research has joined the list of exclusive BofA Global Research contributors only accessible, by qualifying users, through our Aftermarket Research collection. • A team of 285 analysts covering approximately 3,100 companies in 24 global industries – one of the largest research providers worldwide and with more sector coverage than anyone else. • More coverage (2,832) in large- and mid-caps than bulge-bracket peers. • One of the largest producers of equity research with approximately 47,000 documents published in 2019. GraniteShares is an entrepreneurial ETF provider focused on providing innovative, cutting-edge alternative investment solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • C 100 Official Journal
    ISSN 1725-2423 Official Journal C 100 of the European Union Volume 52 English edition Information and Notices 30 April 2009 Notice No Contents Page I Resolutions, recommendations and opinions OPINIONS European Economic and Social Committee 448th plenary session held on 21, 22 and 23 October 2008 2009/C 100/01 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Small and medium — sized enterprises — Key for delivering more growth and jobs. A mid-term review of Modern SME policy COM(2007) 592 final 1 2009/C 100/02 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions — Pre-commercial Procurement: Driving innovation to ensure sustainable high quality public services in Europe COM(2007) 799 final . 6 2009/C 100/03 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Removing obstacles to cross-border investments by venture capital funds COM(2007) 853 final . 15 2009/C 100/04 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on Combating fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of payment . 22 2009/C 100/05 Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the Consultation on the draft Commission impact assessment guidelines .
    [Show full text]
  • SOCIAL REPORT 2018: Introduction
    MAKING A BREACH SOCIAL REPORT RONDINE 2018 INTRODUCTION Letter from the President 1 PART ONE - ABOUT US About us 3 Our history 3 Mission and Vision 3 Rondine’s Partners 4 PART TWO – THE WORLD IN RONDINE World House 6 Quarto Anno Liceale d’Eccellenza (Fourth High School Year of Excellence) 8 Master Executive 10 UWO Study Abroad @ Rondine 11 The right not to flee 12 Catholic Committee for Cultural Collaboration with Orthodox Churches and Eastern Orthodox Churches 13 Promoting human rights 14 Open day and Campus 15 The Third Millennium Citadel 16 PART THREE - RONDINE IN THE WORLD Leaders for Peace 18 PART FOUR - PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT Events 26 Awareness campaigns 28 Media & Press 28 Web and social media 29 Editorial line 29 Fundraising 30 Supporters in 2018 31 Community 32 PART FIVE - BALANCE SHEET 2018 Numbers 34 INTRODUCTION Letter from the President PART ONE - ABOUT US About us Our history Mission and Vision Rondine’s Partners PART TWO – THE WORLD IN RONDINE World House Quarto Anno Liceale d’Eccellenza (Fourth High School Year of Excellence) Master Executive UWO Study Abroad @ Rondine The right not to flee Catholic Committee for Cultural Collaboration with Orthodox Churches and Eastern Orthodox Churches Promoting human rights Open day and Campus The Third Millennium Citadel PART THREE - RONDINE IN THE WORLD Leaders for Peace PART FOUR - PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT Events Awareness campaigns Media & Press Web and social media Editorial line Fundraising Supporters in 2018 Community PART FIVE - BALANCE SHEET 2018 Numbers SOCIAL REPORT 2018: Introduction “GIVE ME A PLACE TO STAND, AND A LEVER 1 LONG ENOUGH, AND I SHALL MOVE THE EARTH” Letter from the President Franco Vaccari “Give me a place to stand, and a lever long enough, dierent from the step and the scratch had and I shall move the earth”.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Relations, Identities, and Political Resources of the Italian
    European Review of History Revue européenne d’histoire Volume 23 Number 3 June 2016 CONTENTS—SOMMAIRE DOSSIER: Business Relations, Identities, and Political Resources of the Italian Merchants in the Early-Modern Spanish Monarchy / Relations commerciales, identités et ressources politiques des marchands italiens dans la Monarchie espagnole à l’époque moderne GUEST EDITORS: Catia Brilli and Manuel Herrero Sánchez The business relations, identities and political resources of Italian merchants in the early-modern Spanish monarchy: some introductory remarks Manuel Herrero Sánchez 335 Tuscan merchants in Andalusia: a historiographical debate Angela Orlandi 347 A Genoese merchant and banker in the Kingdom of Naples: Ottavio Serra and his business network in the Spanish polycentric system, c.1590–1620 Yasmina Rocío Ben Yessef Garfia 367 Looking through the mirrors: materiality and intimacy at Domenico Grillo’s mansion in Baroque Madrid Felipe Gaitán Ammann 400 Small but powerful: networking strategies and the trade business of Habsburg-Italian merchants in Cadiz in the second half of the eighteenth century Klemens Kaps 427 Coping with Iberian monopolies: Genoese trade networks and formal institutions in Spain and Portugal during the second half of the eighteenth century Catia Brilli 456 I. ARTICLES—ARTICLES Politics of place: political representation and the culture of electioneering in the Netherlands, c.1848–1980s Harm Kaal 486 A regionalisation or long-distance trade? Transformations and shifts in the role of Tana in the Black Sea trade in
    [Show full text]
  • Trade Finance Program Confirming Banks List As of 31 December 2015
    Trade Finance Program Confirming Banks List As of 31 December 2015 AFGHANISTAN Bank Alfalah Limited (Afghanistan Branch) 410 Chahri-e-Sadarat Shar-e-Nou, Kabul, Afghanistan National Bank of Pakistan (Jalalabad Branch) Bank Street Near Haji Qadeer House Nahya Awal, Jalalabad, Afghanistan National Bank of Pakistan (Kabul Branch) House No. 2, Street No. 10 Wazir Akbar Khan, Kabul, Afghanistan ALGERIA HSBC Bank Middle East Limited, Algeria 10 Eme Etage El-Mohammadia 16212, Alger, Algeria ANGOLA Banco Millennium Angola SA Rua Rainha Ginga 83, Luanda, Angola ARGENTINA Banco Patagonia S.A. Av. De Mayo 701 24th floor C1084AAC, Buenos Aires, Argentina Banco Rio de la Plata S.A. Bartolome Mitre 480-8th Floor C1306AAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina AUSTRALIA Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited Level 20, 100 Queen Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (Adelaide Branch) Level 20, 11 Waymouth Street, Adelaide, Australia Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (Adelaide Branch - Trade and Supply Chain) Level 20, 11 Waymouth Street, Adelaide, Australia Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (Brisbane Branch) Level 18, 111 Eagle Street, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (Brisbane Branch - Trade and Supply Chain) Level 18, 111 Eagle Street, Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (Perth Branch) Level 6, 77 St Georges Terrace, Perth, Australia Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (Perth Branch
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline1800 18001600
    TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in the History of Accounting
    STUDIES ‘IN THE HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING Studies in the History of Accounting Edited on behalf of The Association of University Teachers of Accounting and the American Accounting Association by A. C. LITTLETON, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Accounting, University of Illinois and B. S. YAMEY, B.Com. Reader in Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London 1956 RICHARD D. IRWIN, INC. HOMEWOOD, ILLINOIS Published in the United States of America (©) 1956 by Richard D. Irwin, Inc. Published in Great Britain by Sweet & Maxwell Ltd. of 2 & 3 Chancery Lane London — Law Publishers Printed in Great Britain by The Eastern Press Ltd. of London and Reading Preface MODERN accountancy differs from most branches of professional activity in that one of its major techniques—double-entry book- keeping—goes back as far as the fourteenth, perhaps even the thirteenth, century. This technique has proved to be serviceable and effective in the changing circumstances and with the changing business requirements of over five centuries. It has also had an intellectual interest sufficient to attract the active attention down the centuries of distinguished mathematicians and scientists such as Luca Pacioli, Simon Stevin, Charles Hutton and Augustus de Morgan. It is one of the objectives of this book to iJumine some aspects of the long history of double entry. Its early origins as revealed in surviving accounting records; some of its earliest expositors, their eminence and achievements in wider fields, and their treatises on accounting; the evolution of particular practices associated with double entry; the methods of teaching double entry and the emergence of theories of accounting; the spread of the practice—these are among the subjects considered in this collection of studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Genoa and Its Treasures
    Comune di Genova - Ufficio sviluppo e Promozione del Turismo Palazzo delle Torrette - Via Garibaldi, 12r [email protected] www.genova-turismo.it Tourist Information Centres (T.I.C.) IAT Via Garibaldi Useful info: Via Garibaldi 12r Ph. +39 010 55 72 903/ 751 Genoa Aquarium Fax +39 010 55 72 414 www.acquariodigenova.it (7/7 - h. 9.00 - 18.30) C. Colombo Airport [email protected] Ph. +39 010 60 151 - www.airport.genova.it IAT De Ferrari City sightseeing open top bus Largo Pertini 13 Genova in Tour Pesci Viaggi Ph. +39 010 86 06 122 Ph. +39 010 53 05 237 - Mobile +39 328 98 55 419 Fax +39 010 86 06 476 www.pesciviaggi.it (7/7 - h. 9.00 - 13.00 / 14.30 - 18.30) [email protected] Hop-on hop-off city tour CITYSIGHTSEEING GENOVA IAT C. Colombo Airport (arrivals area) Ph. +39 010 86 91 632 Genova - Sestri Ponente www.genova.city-sightseeing.it Ph./Fax +39 010 60 15 247 (7/7 - h. 9.00 - 13.00 / 13.30 - 17.30) Genoa Museums [email protected] www.museidigenova.it - www.rolliestradenuove.it Radio Taxi Walking guided tour to the historical centre Ph. +39 010 5966 - www.cooptaxige.it and the Palazzi dei Rolli, UNESCO World Heritage Visit of the city with little train Every weekend you can visit the historical city Trenino Pippo centre and discover the fascination of some of Ph. +39 328 69 42 944 - www.treninopippo.it the famous Palazzi dei Rolli. Trains More information about costs and languages Ph.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Roberto TOLAINI Opening a Debate: Nobility And
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AIR Universita degli studi di Milano First World Congress of Business History/ 20th Congress of the European Business History Association Business history around the World – today & tomorrow 25-27 August 2016, Bergen, Norway Silvia A. CONCA MESSINA (University of Milan) Roberto TOLAINI (University of Genoa) Opening a debate: Nobility and economic transformation in 19th century Northern-Italy: (please do not quote without authors’ permission) Abstract During the 19th century, in northern Italian regions a large proportion of capital, investments and improvements in the agricultural sector and agro-food production, as well as, increasingly, in railways and infrastructures, industrial and financial sectors – came from noblemen. They aimed to expand their own revenues, fostering economic progress and applying scientific and technological innovations to agriculture and industry. Several noblemen played a leading economic role, as they were the richest, heirs to large properties and estates and to complex administration systems originating from early modern times and updated to meet the new managerial necessities. They often held scientific interests (and sometimes scientific knowledge), and belonged to wide, national and international social (and political) networks which could easily be used for economic goals. The paper aims to open a debate on the role of nobility as a powerful economic élite in the economic development of northern Italy, basing on the initial results of ongoing research into primary sources. The literature on the topic has focused on several cases of Italian entrepreneurial noblemen, or on nobility estate management, and has shed light on their dynamic role.
    [Show full text]
  • Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives
    Bank for International Settlements April 2007 Monetary and Economic Department Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity 2007 Amounts Outstanding at end-June 2007 Final list of reporting dealers by head office, branch/subsidiary name and country Head Office Branches and subsidiaries Country 1 FORTIS BANK 1 (MAIN OFFICE) BE 1 FORTIS BANK 2 FORTIS BANK ATHENS BE 1 FORTIS BANK 3 FORTIS BANK BUDAPEST BE 1 FORTIS BANK 4 FORTIS BANK COPENHAGEN BE 1 FORTIS BANK 5 FORTIS BANK GUANGZHOU BE 1 FORTIS BANK 6 FORTIS BANK HONG KONG BE 1 FORTIS BANK 7 FORTIS BANK KOLN BE 1 FORTIS BANK 8 FORTIS BANK LISBONNE BE 1 FORTIS BANK 9 FORTIS BANK LONDON BE 1 FORTIS BANK 10 FORTIS BANK MADRID BE 1 FORTIS BANK 11 FORTIS BANK MILAN BE 1 FORTIS BANK 12 FORTIS BANK NEW YORK BE 1 FORTIS BANK 13 FORTIS BANK PARIS BE 1 FORTIS BANK 14 FORTIS BANK PRAGUE BE 1 FORTIS BANK 15 FORTIS BANK SHANGHAI BE 1 FORTIS BANK 16 FORTIS BANK SIDNEY BE 1 FORTIS BANK 17 FORTIS BANK SINGAPORE BE 1 FORTIS BANK 18 FORTIS BANK STOCKHOLM BE 1 FORTIS BANK 19 FORTIS BANK TAIPEI BE 1 FORTIS BANK 20 FORTIS BANK VIENNA BE 1 FORTIS BANK 21 FORTIS BANK ZURICH BE 2 KBC 22 (MAIN OFFICE) BE 2 KBC 23 CBC BANQUE - BELGIUM BE 2 KBC 24 CENTEA BELGIUM BE 2 KBC 25 CSOB - TSECHIE BE 2 KBC 26 IRISH INTERCONTINENTAL BANK LTD. - IRELAND BE 2 KBC 27 K&H BANK - HUNGARY BE 2 KBC 28 KBC DEUTSCHLAND - GERMANY BE 2 KBC 29 KBC DUBLIN - IRELAND BE 2 KBC 30 KBC FINANCIAL PRODUCTS LONDON - UNITED KINGDOM BE 2 KBC 31 KBC FRANKRIJK - FRANCE BE 2 KBC 32 KBC HONG KONG - HONG KONG BE 2 KBC 33 KBC LONDON - UNITED KINGDOM BE 2 KBC 34 KBC NEDERLAND NV - NETHERLANDS BE 2 KBC 35 KBC NEW YORK - USA BE 2 KBC 36 KBC SECURITIES - BELGIUM BE 2 KBC 37 KBC SHANGHAI - CHINA BE 2 KBC 38 KBC SHENZEN - CHINA BE 2 KBC 39 KBC SINGAPORE - SINGAPORE BE 2 KBC 40 KBC TAIPEI - TAIWAN BE 2 KBC 41 KREDYTBANK - POLAND BE 3 BANK OF MONTREAL 42 BANK OF MONTREAL CAPITAL MARKETS (HOLDINGS) LTD CA 3 BANK OF MONTREAL 43 BANK OF MONTREAL IRELAND PLC CA 3 BANK OF MONTREAL 44 BMO CAPITAL MARKETS CORP.
    [Show full text]