United States Institute of Peace PeaceWatch

We cannot always build the future The New Peacebuilding for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future. —Franklin Delano Roosevelt Generation “ ” By Stephanie Schwartz INSIDE 4 Using Media to Create a Peace Community 5 Iraqi Youth Attitudes Shift Toward Democracy 6 Institute Promotes Peacebuilding Education throughout the U.S. 7 Grants at Work for Youth in Nigeria 7 Spotlight on Marc Sommers 8 Engaging the World 12 Iraqi Youth’s Vision of Human Rights 13 USIP Grant Teaches Students Negotiation Skills 14 People on the Move 15 Headquarters Update A project titled “Promotion of Tolerance and a Just Peace Among the Youth of Baghdad” included drawings by Iraqi youth of their vision of human rights. See page 12.

Because youth are key actors in conflict population in Europe, with more than half Spring 2010 and conflict transformation, the United of its population under the age of 25, and 65 States Institute of Peace is making youth a percent under the age of 30. priority. The Institute engages in research Youth have been major stakeholders on a range of youth and conflict issues, in many recent civil conflicts, including direct programming with young people those in Northern Ireland, Israel-Palestine, from conflict zones to foster a generation of Iraq, Colombia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria. peacebuilders and education for American Yet they continue to be underrepresented young people on international peace and in peace processes. On the one hand, conflict resolution. young people have joined militant groups Youth not only represent a huge pro- throughout the Middle East, and children portion of the global population, they have filled the ranks of militias in count- represent over half the population in some less conflicts. On the other hand, young ex- of today’s most volatile conflict zones. In combatants have become entrepreneurs in Afghanistan 65 percent of the population Sierra Leone, and youth peace activists in is under the age of 25, while 41 percent are Belfast are contributing to community de- between the ages of 10 and 29. Sixty-two velopment and inter-religious dialogues. percent of Sudan’s population is 25 years old or younger. Kosovo has the youngest continued page 2 >> 2 PeaceWatch

The New Peacebuilding Generation, Analysts have long feared that the “youth bulge”—a large population of from page 1 young men living in economically depressed environments—is fostering instability. The exclusion of young people from political processes in their countries is particularly problematic in conflict zones. Research Conversely, in the DRC many young Young people may have held positions of ex-combatants felt, even after the war, that power during wartime as troop leaders, mi- Analysts have long feared that the “youth with no money to pay for school, no sup- litia members or spies, but their age and the bulge”—a large population of young men port in finding a job or way to support their consequences of conflict legally bar them living in economically depressed envi- family, that their best option was to go back from the power of adulthood in peacetime ronments—is fostering to the armed groups. and leave them socially marginalized. They instability. The USIP Press In Kosovo, the inter- have few land rights, few job prospects and book, “Youth and Post- national community sup- no political representation. However, young Conflict Reconstruction: ported youth-led initiatives people’s experiences with war and peace Agents of Change,” re-ex- that spontaneously emerged inform their decisions, behavior and lead- amines this fear and asks following the conflict and ership roles in their countries. As a result, whether the existence of a capitalized on their energy many governments, aid groups and other large population of young to help their peers. Recog- organizations now recognize the need to people in a post-conflict nizing that youth needed help youth make their voices heard. setting in fact condemns to be a part of the recon- a nation to greater insta- struction conversation, the bility, or if instead young international community people can become agents also helped to establish the of positive change in their Kosovo Youth Congress as a communities. way for young people to ad- Evidence gathered from Stephanie Schwartz, author of “Youth vise policymakers on issues and Post-Conflict Reconstuction”. PeaceWatch three case studies of Mo- important to youth. PeaceWatch (ISSN 1080-9864) is published three times zambique, the Democratic Learning from these a year by the United States Institute of Peace, an Republic of Congo (DRC) and Kosovo cases, the international community can independent, nonpartisan national institution established and funded by Congress to help prevent, manage, and shows that youth are not simply a force for develop best practices for international, resolve international conflicts. The views expressed herein instability; they are also agents of peace. domestic and nongovernmental actors to do not necessarily reflect views of the Institute or its Their role, whether positive or negative, is support young people in becoming active Board of Directors. To receive PeaceWatch, visit our Web site (www.usip.org); shaped by the structures of the reconstruc- agents of social change. write to the United States Institute of Peace, 1200 17th tion. Key to tapping into young people’s Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036-3011; call potential is the degree to which reconstruc- 202-457-1700; or fax 202-429-6063. A complete archive of PeaceWatch is available at www.usip.org/peacewatch. tion policies and programs effectively meet Senior Fellows’ Work on Youth important youth needs such as reintegra- President: Richard H. Solomon tion into a community, access to educa- Four of this year’s 13 Jennings Randolph Se- Executive Vice President: Tara Sonenshine CFO: Michael Graham tion and employment, and sociopolitical nior Fellows are researching youth issues: Director of Public Affairs: Lauren Sucher empowerment. •• Judith Asuni’s work examines the root Director of Publications: Valerie Norville For example, Mozambique’s conflict has causes of the conflict in the Niger Delta Senior Writer/Editor: Liz Harper Editor/Proofreader: Grace Wen become infamous for its rampant use of from the perspective of youth militants. Assistant to the Executive Vice President: Sarah Wides child soldiers, a relatively effective United •• Marc Sommers’s research looks at the Production Manager: Marie Marr Jackson Graphic Designer: Richard von Zimmer Nations disarmament, demobilization and role of Western popular culture icons Production Coordinator: Christian Feuerstein reintegration (DDR) program, combined and youth as important contributors to Photo Credits: Bill Fitz-Patrick, Getty, Jessica Kuo with a cultural environment conducive to warfare and peacebuilding. In a second Board of Directors accepting young soldiers back into com- project, Sommers examines how issues Chairman: J. Robinson West Vice Chairman: George E. Moose munities, helped ease young people’s tran- of masculinity and urbanization affect Members: Anne H. Cahn, Chester A. Crocker, Ikram U. sition from war to peace. More than just youth in post-conflict Rwanda. (For Khan, Kerry Kennedy, Stephen D. Krasner, Jeremy A. Rabkin, quelling potential instability, innovative more about Sommers and his work, see Judy Van Rest, Nancy Zirkin nongovernmental organizations in Mo- page 7.) Members ex officio: Michael H. Posner, Department of State zambique trained young ex-combatants to •• Col. J.M. “Matt” Venhaus’s research James N. Miller, Department of Defense lead conflict resolution programs in 100 lo- seeks to identify the young people who Ann E. Rondeau, National Defense University Richard Solomon, Institute President (nonvoting) cal communities. are joining militant organizations and

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ics such as the role of international actors in protecting civilians from crimes against humanity. Students compete for the chance to win scholarships and an invitation to Washington, D.C., for a five-day program. The contest facilitates a national dialogue among students, teachers and policy lead- ers on issues of international peace and conflict resolution. For this year’s contest, students wrote about the effectiveness of nonviolent civic action. Learn more about the 2009–2010 National Peace Essay Con- test on our Web site: http://www.usip.org/ programs/initiatives/national-peace-essay- contest. In the Global Peacebuilding Center in USIP’s new headquarters, visitors will be able to engage in the art and craft of peace- making. Exhibits, lectures and films will help create a vibrant place where students, teachers and the public can interact and what methods are successful in dissuad- to be active in peacebuilding both in their learn about the many aspects of interna- ing them. home countries and in the U.S. The final tional conflicts and their prevention, man- •• Robin Wright is investigating the youth product will be a film produced by the par- agement, and peaceful resolution. movement in Iran and the role of “hip- ticipants, highlighting their stories and the For more information on the Institute’s hop Islam” as opposition to autocratic topics discussed at the conference. educational outreach, see page 6. rule and extremism. Stephanie Schwartz is a senior program as- Education sistant in the Center for Mediation and Con- Programs in the Field flict Resolution and is author of “Youth and Every year USIP’s National Peace Es- Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Agents of USIP’s Center of Innovation for Media, say Contest challenges thousands of high Change.” Conflict and Peacebuilding is working on school students in the U.S. to discuss top- a “Peace Media for Iraqi Youth” project to address some of the issues young Iraqis face and to foster a community of young Iraqis dedicated to peacebuilding. In Au- gust 2009, USIP brought together 30 young people, ages 14 to 18, from across Iraq to participate in a youth media summit. Par- ticipants made their own short films to en- ter in the conference’s competition, and the entire event was captured on video. This footage will be used for a 30-minute televi- sion special, “Salam Shabab,” featuring the young peacebuilders. (See “Using Media to Create a Peace Community,” page 4.) The Institute’s Youth and Peacebuild- ing Working Group is planning a “Youth Diaspora Project” for summer 2010. The project will kick off with a conference in Washington, D.C., to bring together young diaspora from different countries of origin to discuss the issues they face in the U.S. and how they can use media and the arts

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Using Media to Create a Peace Community

In early March, USIP broadcast a 30-min- ute documentary, “Salam Shabab,” on sev- eral Iraqi television channels as a result of its “Peace Media for Iraqi Youth” project. The television special is based on a youth summit that took place in August 2009, when USIP and its local partners brought together 30 Iraqi youths, ages 14 to 18. The goal of the project, led by program officer Theo Dolan, is to address some of the chal- lenges facing youth in Iraq and help create a generation of Iraqis committed to peace- building. Sesame Workshop producer Brett Pierce moderated the summit proceedings, which were filmed by an Iraqi production group. Over the course of the two-day summit, this spirited group of young Iraqis took part in a number of activities designed to develop peacebuilding skills, including An Iraqi teenager is filmed while participating in a USIP-sponsored youth summit on peace media. The summit took learning how to express oneself freely and place in Erbil and was designed to develop effective peacebuilding, communication and teamwork skills. how to engage in positive group dynamics, effective communication and teamwork. on gender, ethnic tolerance and human mit, regional groups created short films, These activities ultimately focused on key rights. which participants viewed and then voted challenges such as the lack of cultural iden- Among the most popular activities were for the winner. tity, options for recreation, communication the film competition, quiz show and final The organizers and participants cre- with other Iraqi youth, and poor education performances. In preparation for the sum- ated an environment in which sectarian and ethnic affiliation took a backseat to participants’ common experience as Iraqi youth. For example, one bilingual girl who spoke Kurdish and Arabic translated for two boys who spoke different languages. Those that had been shy and awkward early on later spontaneously shared in the sing- ing of popular songs. One boy even rapped in Kurdish for the entire group. Besides developing skills and bonding with youth from across Iraq, participants expressed that they felt ownership of the process and sought ways to engage peers who did not attend the conference on peacebuilding issues. Following the debut of the 30-minute television special, USIP and its Iraqi partners will produce an eight to 10 episode TV series developed by Iraqi youth for Iraqi youth.

The teens enjoying a quiz show competition as part of the youth summit. The quiz show took place at a historic location, the Kurdish Textile Museum in the Erbil Citadel. usip focuses on youth UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 5

Iraqi Youth Attitudes Shift Toward Democracy

“The younger generation no longer embraces Kurdayeti as wholeheart- edly....Instead of rallying behind nationalist movements, youth are mobilizing behind causes such as social justice, educational reform, representative government, essential services, human rights and end- ing government corruption. ”

Denise Natali, an academic dean at the violence, Islamic extremism, or a combina- American University of Iraq-Sulaimania tion of each,” Natali told PeaceWatch last and USIP grantee, has conducted fo- December. cus groups with 300 university students The Internet has made Kurdish Iraqi throughout northern Iraq aimed at iden- youth more aware of Western ideals, life- tifying the political and cultural views of styles and political systems, thereby increas- Kurdish Iraqi youth. In her project, “Youth ing expectations for their own government. Attitudes Toward Identity, Sectarianism, “The frame of reference for contemporary Denise Natali, USIP grantee. and Democracy: The Case of Kurdish Iraqi Kurdish youth is not a repressive central Youth,” Natali finds that youth attitudes to- government but rather, economic mate- ward nationalist identity and politics con- rialism, an ineffective KRG and a region voice dissent, mobilize and participate in trast sharply with those of their parents. with insufficient opportunities to realize various campus activities has never been Natali’s study shows that life experiences life goals,” Natali says. as possible in the Kurdish territory as it are key to shaping attitudes in post-conflict In a visit to the Institute, the USIP is now. and developing societies. For older genera- grantee (2003–04) and Jennings Randolph The New Jersey–born Natali has years tions in the Kurdistan region, attitudes Peace Scholar (1998), said the Kurdish uni- of experience in the region, having raised were largely shaped through their connec- versity system has transformed from an her family there. She expressed both tion to the Kurdish Nationalist movement institution that merely enables students to excitement for the advances made by (Kurdayeti), as those generations became meet future spouses to one that is encour- Kurdish youth and awareness of the ten- Kurdish militia (peshmerga), struggling aging critical thinking and public expres- sion these attitudinal shifts create between against a central government. The younger sion. She emphasized that such freedom to generations. generation no longer embraces Kurdayeti as wholeheartedly, Natali’s research re- veals. Instead of rallying behind nationalist movements, youth are mobilizing behind causes such as social justice, educational re- form, representative government, essential services, human rights and ending govern- ment corruption. The opening of political space in post- Saddam Iraq and the Kurdistan region has prompted youth to challenge existing authority structures, Natali says. Youth frustration with the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) is palpable. “National- ist identity or cohesion has not strengthened among the younger generation. Depending upon the opportunity structures available for political participation and legal forms of mobilization, the repertoire of tactics that youth employ to manifest their atti- tudes can range from moderation and po- Iraqi Kurdish children play their violins during a music class in Erbil, 350 km north of Baghdad, on June 25, 2008. litical participation, apathy, non-sectarian

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Institute Promotes Peacebuilding Education throughout the United States

As part of its congressional mandate, the run by the Close Up Foundation about the challenges of human rights work. U.S. Institute of Peace actively promotes the work of USIP, the National Peace Es- the teaching of global peacebuilding and say Contest, and the headquarters and the Nashua Community College. Twenty stu- international conflict resolution in high Global Peacebuilding Center. He intro- dents from Nashua Community College schools, colleges and universities, and en- duced them to the “curve of conflict” and in Nashua, New Hampshire engaged in a gages educators and students in a variety talked about how specific conflicts can be 30-minute question and answer session of ways. Schools frequently contact USIP mapped according to their stages—preven- with David Smith using Skype’s online to arrange for an expert to talk with stu- tion, active conflict or post-conflict. telephone service. dents to supplement a lesson. Teachers and college faculty may be interested in having Virginia Tech University/Eastern Men- Cate School. Jacki Wilson, Dorina Bekoe their students “experience” peacemaking nonite University. Ten faculty members and Judith Asuni used Skype to brief stu- through a role-play activity to increase from Virginia Tech and Eastern Mennonite dents at the Cate School in Carpinteria, awareness about an issue or consider ca- University met at the Institute to discuss California, on conflict in Nigeria, the new reers in the field. Educators may be inter- further collaboration in support of Vir- headquarters and the Global Peacebuilding ested in learning more about the work of ginia Tech’s Center for Peace Studies and Center. USIP and the new headquarters and the Violence Prevention, established to honor Global Peacebuilding Center, which will be the victims of the April 2007 killings. The As the date for the opening of its new head- an important resource for teaching about group agreed to continue to collaborate on quarters near the National Mall nears, peace. Finally, groups may desire USIP a range of matters including curriculum USIP is seeking to engage more with U.S. expertise to explore a topic or perspective development and domestic and interna- educational groups in supporting efforts about international conflict through a tional research. in educating about global peacebuilding. workshop for educators. With an array of international experts on University of Denver. Heather Sensibaugh, global conflict and peace at its disposal, Bob Perito and Jeff Helsing spoke to 17 and 25 years of experience in working with USIP Outreach to Students and students from the University of Denver’s educators and students, USIP welcomes op- Educators Josef Korbel School of International Stud- portunities to contribute to the building of ies on the history of USIP, the impact of capacity in American educational environ- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School. the Institute’s research and projects, and ments to teach about global peacebuilding. USIP hosted a group of 25 students from the Baginski Scholars Program at Central Catholic High School in Pittsburgh, Penn- sylvania. David Smith talked about the work of the Institute and how civil society can promote peace and invited students to become USIP fans on Facebook.

Arundel High School. USIP hosted 35 students from the Global Citizenship Sig- nature Program at Arundel High School in Gambrills, Maryland. Students learned about frameworks for understanding con- flict and analyzed the conflict in Rwanda. The program, which is supplemented with class lessons, uses activities such as online discussions and small group assignments to teach about conflict management.

Close Up Foundation. David Smith spoke National Peace Essay Contest winners smile for the camera at their Awards Banquet in June 2009. NPEC is one of the to 90 students participating in a program many ways USIP promotes peacebuilding and conflict resolution education with young people around the country.

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Grants at Work for Youth Spotlight on in Nigeria Marc Sommers

West Africa Network for Project for Future Peace Camp USIP Senior Fellow Marc Sommers is a pio- Peacebuilding neer in studying youth and conflict. Having The Center for Human Development and researched war-affected youth in 20 coun- The West Africa Network for Peacebuild- Social Transformation, a USIP grantee, re- tries for the last two decades, Sommers is ing in Nigeria understands the importance cently held their second Protect our Future now completing his seventh book, “Two of engaging youth and preparing them to Peace Camp just outside of Port Harcourt, Hundred Francs: Masculinity, Urbaniza- contribute to a peaceful future. In coordi- Nigeria. This activity followed the suc- tion and the World of Rwandan Youth.” nation with 20 schools located in the Niger cesses of an earlier camp in August 2009 His next—and eighth—book project Delta, and with funding from USIP, they and demand from participants that it be takes him to Sierra Leone to conduct field have launched a program to build a net- repeated. More than 100 students from the research on how child-based terror warfare work of peace clubs. These clubs are led by a Niger Delta gathered for a week to tackle is practiced and how Western pop culture teacher who has undergone extensive train- topics such as civic education, peer media- icons influenced youth during and after Si- ing in peace education and peer mediation. tion and conflict resolution. On the final erra Leone’s civil war. The teachers have used dynamic methodol- day, the students and facilitators traveled Sommers first became inspired by youth ogies, such as song and theater drawn from to both the Rivers State House of Assembly and peacebuilding while working as a head- across Nigerian culture, to train more than and High Court to gain practical insights master of a girls’ high school in Kenya in 900 students. The project has, as one stu- on civics and government. At the conclu- the early 1980s. His experiences shaped his dent commented, allowed the participants sion of the weeklong camp, the students perspective on education, community and “to see ourselves even better through other returned to their respective schools and gender, prompting him to go to graduate people’s ideas.” communities where they began the process school and become an anthropologist. His of peer education through peace clubs. writing on youth—specifically their pres- sure to become adults, survive warfare and adapt to postwar realities—explores the role youth play in war and in peace pro- cesses and what policy measures can better address the needs of young people in con- flict countries. Sommers is an associate re- search professor for humanitarian studies at the Fletcher School, Tufts University.

TOP: The peace club in Yeghe, Rivers State, Nigeria. BOTTOM: Students participating in the “Protect our Future Peace Camp” engage in role-playing and teambuilding exercises. usip focuses on youth 8 PeaceWatch Engaging World the New Book on American Negotiating Behavior

The latest volume in USIP’s Cross-Cultural Hannay, Faruk Logoglu, Lalit Mansingh, Negotiation series, “American Negotiating Yuri Nazarkin, Robert Schulzinger, Koji Behavior: Wheeler-Dealers, Legal Eagles, Watanabe and John Wood—some from Bullies, and Preachers,” offers a rich and countries allied to the United States, oth- detailed portrait of the negotiating prac- ers from rivals or adversaries and all with tices of American officials. It assesses the illuminating stories to tell. multiple influences—cultural, institu- The authors examine how Americans tional, historical and political—that shape employ time, language, enticements and how American policymakers and diplomats pressure tactics at the negotiating table, approach negotiations with foreign coun- and how they use (or neglect) the media, terparts and highlights behavioral patterns back channel communications and hospi- that transcend the actions of individual ne- tality outside the formal negotiating arena. gotiators and administrations. They also explore the intense interagency Informed by discussions and interviews with more than 50 seasoned foreign and American negotiators, Richard H. Solomon and Nigel Quinney argue that four distinc- tive mind-sets have combined to shape U.S. negotiating practice: a businessperson’s pragmatic quest for concrete results, a law- yer’s attention to detail, a superpower’s in- clination to dictate terms and a moralizer’s sense of mission. A chapter by the eminent historian Rob- ert Schulzinger charts the evolving rela- tionship between U.S. presidents and their negotiators, and the volume presents a set of eight remarkably candid foreign perspec- tives on particular aspects of American negotiating behavior. These chapters are written by a distinguished cast of ambas- sadors and foreign ministers—including Gilles Andreani, Chan Heng Chee, David USIP President Richard H. Solomon and Nigel Quinney, co-authors of “American Negotiating Behavior.” usip focuses on youth UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 9

rivalries and congressional second-guess- ing that limit U.S. negotiators’ freedom to maneuver, and they propose a variety of measures to enhance America’s negotiating capacities to deal with the new and emerg- ing challenges to effective diplomacy in the 21st century.

Nigel Quinney and Richard H. Solomon discuss their volume. Q&A with Ambassador Richard Solomon What inspired you to write “American Negotiating Behavior”? The mandate of the Institute of Peace is to try to find nonviolent ways of dealing with international problems, and negotiating problems is a fundamental approach, a basic skill, of international conflict management. One of the shocking revelations of our study is that Americans, particularly in the view of foreigners, don’t really negotiate. Because we are a superpower, our tendency often is to present a position that has come out of our govern- American ment processes. So one of the things we do is try to find ways to help our government officials spend more time thinking about developing strategies and approaches to dealing Negotiating with foreign counterparts. Behavior Wheeler-Dealers, Legal Eagles, Why is this important, especially for today’s world and for the future? Bullies, and Preachers We’re entering a period where negotiating, and dealing with very unfamiliar cultures, is becoming increasingly important to the promotion of our foreign interests. So, we Richard H. Solomon initiated—now, almost two decades ago—a series of studies of how different govern- and Nigel Quinney ments manage negotiating, the better to prepare our own diplomats for their negotiating encounters. Forewords by Madeleine Albright Our approach to looking at the United States, and the way our diplomats negotiate and Condoleezza Rice actually draws on an ancient Chinese expression from the Chinese strategist Sun Tzu: “If you know your enemy and you know yourself, in a hundred battles you will be victorious.” “A goldmine of useful information and We had done all these studies of other societies, and we decided—to make Americans re- ideas that can help make American nego- ally effective—they needed to understand their own style and how that would affect their tiators—and their counterparts—more negotiating counterparts. effective and the process of negotiations better understood.” — George P. Shultz, How can American negotiating behavior become more effective in the future? U.S. Secretary of State, 1982–89 Because of the change in the global scene, with so many new countries, new international actors, that we have to deal with—we believe that American officials need much more ex- plicit training in support of their negotiating behavior. It begins with the need to learn lan- April 2010 • 376 pp. • 6 x 9 guages—Urdu, as one example, or Arabic, or Farsi. We need to have our diplomats spend $22.50 (paper) • 978-1-60127-047-4 time in these countries so that they absorb the culture. We have to develop more consensual $55.00 (cloth) • 978-1-60127-048-1 negotiating positions so that we, in effect, speak with one official diplomatic voice. For more information, go to: bookstore.usip.org Watch a video of Ambassador Richard Solomon and Nigel Quinney discussing their new book: http://www.usip.org/anb. usip focuses on youth 10 PeaceWatch

About the Cross-Cultural Negotiation Series

In the early 1990s the United States Institute of Peace initiated a series of both conceptual and country-spe- cific assessments on the theme of cross-cultural negotiating (CCN) behavior. In addition to the most recent volume in the series, “American Negotiating Behavior,” previous volumes have explored Iranian, Chinese, Russian, North Korean, Japanese, French, German, and Israeli and Palestinian negotiating behavior. The basic assumptions that underlie the studies in the CCN series are that negotiating is the usual, if not always the preferred, technique of international problem solving, and that greater understanding of the dynamics of negotiating, greater appreciation of the cultural and institutional influences of a counterpart’s behavior, and greater self-awareness will help make specific negotiating encounters more productive. This objective of making negotiations more fruitful—and thus preventing, reducing or eliminating the use of violence to settle political disputes—conforms with the Institute’s congressional mandate to promote the peaceful management and resolution of international conflicts.

Culture and Conflict Resolution Negotiating Across Cultures Kevin Avruch International Communication in an Interdependent World, Revised Edition “A lucid work in simple and clear English. . . . Raymond Cohen Avruch succeeds in drawing the attention of the reader to the importance of culture as a ‘tool’ in the “Cohen demonstrates the dissonance that cultural resolution of conflict. . . . A welcome addition to the differences can create in each stage of international growing body of literature on peace studies.” negotiations. . . . He provides examples of miscom- — International Journal on World Peace munication and misunderstanding between the United States (a low-context culture) and Mexico, “Avruch lays out a most convincing argument for Egypt, India, and Japan, all of which he labels the inclusion of culture as a primary element of the high-context cultures.” — Peace & Change study of deep rooted communal conflicts.” 1997 • 320 pp. • 6 x 9 — Ethnic Conflict Research Digest $19.95 (paper) • 978-1-87837-972-6 1998 • 172 pp. • 6 x 9 $14.95 (paper) • 978-1-87837-982-5 Negotiating on the Edge North Korean Negotiating Behavior How Israelis and Palestinians Negotiate Scott Snyder A Cross-Cultural Analysis of “Outstanding Academic Book” — CHOICE the Oslo Peace Process “Snyder aims to show what makes the country Tamara Cofman Wittes, editor [North Korea] tick, not by direct study of life on “This slender book deserves a robust reading. the ground, but rather by charting and analysing By honing in on the ideas and assumptions that the seemingly capricious and whimsical behaviour the parties bring to the table, the authors have of the senior North Korean apparatchiks who are transcended the blame game. It is refreshing to sent to negotiate with the West.” find the most telling critique of the Palestinian — Financial Times performance penned by Dajani, and of the Israeli 1999 • 236 pp. • 6 x 9 one by Klieman. All the contributors illuminate how $17.50 (paper) • 978-1-87837-994 a nation’s history, imagined history, self-image, and image of the Other create a distinctive approach to negotiations.” — Foreign Affairs 2005 • 172 pp. • 6 x 9 $14.95 (paper) • 978-1-92922-364-0 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 11

Negotiating with Iran How Germans Negotiate Wrestling the Ghosts of History Logical Goals, Practical Solutions John W. Limbert W. R. Smyser Foreword by Mark Bowden “How Germans Negotiate . . . contributes to a better “Well conceived and organized, a major addition to understanding of the cultural foundation of German the study of contemporary Iran, this book is compel- negotiation behavior in foreign relations and is at ling reading and is comprehensive in its historical the same time a chance for Germans to become and political reach. The author provides a welcome conscious about the context they are living in.” resource as the United States and other countries — German Foreign begin to consider expanded discussions with the Policy in Dialogue Iranian leadership.” 2003 • 268 pp. • 6 x 9 — Nicholas Burns, Harvard University $17.50 (paper) • 978-1-92922-340-4 2009 • 200 pp • 6 x 9 $42.50 (cloth) • 978-1-92922-341-1 $16.95 (paper) • 978-1-60127-043-6 $40.00 (cloth) • 978-1-60127-044-3 Chinese Negotiating Behavior Case Studies in Japanese Pursuing Interests Through ‘Old Friends’ Negotiating Behavior Richard H. Solomon Michael Blaker, Paul Giarra, and Ezra Vogel With an essay by “The authors make a useful contribution to the Chas. W. Freeman, Jr. study of intergovernmental negotiation. . . . The “An excellent study of Chinese negotiating study is very well written and clearly highlights the behavior. . . . This book should be read by anyone various features of Japan’s negotiating style.” involved in Sino-American negotiations to under- — International Peacekeeping stand and avoid the types of problems laid out in 2005 • 172 pp. • 6 x 9 Solomon’s work.” $12.50 (paper) • 978-1-92922-310-7 — International Studies Association 1999 • 224 pp. • 6 x 9 French Negotiating Behavior $14.95 (paper) • 978-1-87837-986-3 Dealing with La Grande Nation Charles Cogan Russian Negotiating Behavior Continuity and Transition “No American diplomat or official should hence- forth be allowed to set foot on the European conti- Jerrold L. Schecter nent without having read, swallowed, and inwardly “The reader will encounter impressively distilled digested Cogan’s book. Thoughtful American tour- and to-the-point aspects of the Russian experience ists are also strongly advised to read this distillation and mindset that form the way they negotiate. . . . a of a long career’s wisdom and to ponder Cogan’s wise choice for anyone with an interest in Russia.” three case studies of French diplomacy in action.” — Naval War College Review — National Interest 1998 • 256 pp. • 6 x 9 2003 • 364 pp. • 6 x 9 $14.95 (paper) • 978-1-87837-978-8 $17.50 (paper) • 978-1-92922-352-7

“International negotiations are often regarded as the province of diplo- mats and official trade representatives, but they can also engage mili- tary officers. Like other negotiators, those in uniform will benefit from the growing body of scholarship being published by the U.S. Institute of Peace in its cross-cultural negotiation project.” — Joint Force Quarterly

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Iraqi Youth’s Vision of Human Rights

The Grant program recently funded Bustan sions in schools for Iraqi youth between Association for Children’s Media Educa- the ages of 12 and 17 on the United Na- tion and Culture (formerly Darstan Group tions Agreements on Human Rights http:// for Children Media) on a project titled www.hrweb.org/legal/undocs.html. Stu- “Promotion of Tolerance and a Just Peace dents were asked to draw an image of their Among the Youth of Baghdad.” perception of the agreements and human The project produced comic books and rights. two short films on peace and justice; all The results were astounding. The draw- content was developed and designed by ings capture in a raw format Iraqi youth’s youth. The project included training ses- vision of human rights.

Colombia

In Colombia, USIP supports Hijos e Hijas por la Memoria y Contra la Impunidad (Sons and Daughters for Memory and Against Impunity) to carry out a self- assessment and training project that will strengthen the organization and allow it to expand outward from Bogotá. The mem- bers of Hijos e Hijas first convened in 2005 as a group of young people whose parents were killed in acts of political violence. Since then, the organization has broad- ened its membership and worked to bring a youth-oriented perspective to national dialogue on justice and peace in Colombia. Through its USIP-funded project, Hijos e Hijas will build capacity with a series of re- gional training programs culminating in a national meeting. In addition to strength- ening an important pro-peace organiza- tion in Colombia, this project will prepare a cadre of young people to serve as Colom- bia’s future civil society leaders. usip focuses on youth UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 13

USIP Grant Teaches Students Students from across Los Angeles par- ticipate in the simulations together. Be- Negotiation Skills cause their identities are not known beyond the “country” they represent, the students are liberated from social prejudices based on which schools they attend. One recent simulation involved Mil- lennium Development Goals to eliminate poverty and how countries can achieve them amid global economic recession. Her program asks students the same questions world leaders grapple with today such as, is it time to rethink the Bretton Woods glo- balized economic system? At least 10 high schools on the West Coast have participated in the simula- tions every year for the last 20 years. By the looks of it, Kaufman will continue to reach and inspire future generations to become skilled negotiators for years to come.

Connecting In The Classroom “These simulations get students to understand the world from different views and to convey their ideas articulately and with sensitivity,” USIP supports the efforts of teachers across —Joyce Kaufman the country. Staff recently sponsored teacher education workshops at Jackson State University in Jackson, Mississippi, and Baker College in Auburn Hills, Mich- A grant that Joyce Kaufman and Whittier medium in the classroom, the grant proj- igan. These programs focused on teach- College received from USIP in the late 1980s ect was also experimental for the Institute, ing faculty about current global conflicts for developing a simulation to teach students which then was itself quite young. The ex- through the lens of peacebuilding. about international issues and conflict reso- periment paid off, as it has demonstrated it Institute education outreach is in- lution continues to educate generations of can educate generations to come. creasingly enhanced by using new media peacebuilders 20 years later. Since the late 1980s, Kaufman has writ- technologies such as Skype. With this tech- Kaufman, director of the Scholars Pro- ten mock scenarios in which the students nology, staff can easily speak to groups all gram at Whittier College, located in Whit- participate over several weeks. At the end of over the country without the need to travel. tier, California, used the grant to support the online negotiations, she brings the stu- USIP staff recently connected with instruc- Whittier’s International Negotiation Proj- dents together to finally meet face to face, tors and students at Henry Ford Com- ect (INP), a Web-based simulation de- present their positions on the “world stage” munity College in Dearborn, Michigan; signed to educate high school students. and discuss their findings. Jamestown Community College in Jame- Her students had responded well to a “These simulations get students to un- stown, New York; Cerritos College in Nor- simulation program she had used as a grad- derstand the world from different views walk, California; St. Mary’s Hall School in uate student at University of Maryland, so and to convey their ideas articulately and San Antonio, Texas, and the Cate School in she decided to design a program better with sensitivity,” Kaufman told PeaceWatch Carpinteria, California. suited for a high school setting. Begun as on a recent visit to the Institute. Through a Cold War era experiment for involving the last 20 years, she’s noticed that students students in simulated international nego- took great pride in these negotiations as tiations and incorporating the new Internet their skills rise. usip focuses on youth 14 PeaceWatch

leading the efforts to support the State De- tion, a California-based philanthropy that People on partment on its Quadrennial Diplomacy focuses most of its grantmaking in the ar- and Development Review. Cole’s ground- eas of peace and security, environment and the Move breaking work at USIP includes her devel- sustainability, and population and repro- opment of civilian doctrine and publication ductive health, with a special emphasis on Betty Bigombe of “The Guiding Principles for Stabilization projects that explore the interconnections and Reconstruction” with the U.S. Army’s among these themes. Former USIP Se- Peacekeeping and Stability Operations In- nior Fellow Betty stitute. In her new role, Cole is convening Bigombe has been meetings with various agencies to build key David Tolbert awarded the Geuzen institutional relationships. Former Jennings medal for 2010 from Randolph Fellow the Geuzenverzet David Tolbert be- trust. The trust hon- Kathleen came president of ors individuals or Kuehnast the International organizations which Kathleen Kuehnast, Center for Tran- seek to promote democracy and oppose who has served sitional Justice on dictatorship, discrimination and racism. as associate vice March 2, 2010. Tol- In recognizing her work, the Geuzenver- president of USIP’s bert moves to ICTJ zet trust said that as lead mediator in the grant program, after serving as registrar for the United northern Uganda conflict, Bigombe “has was tapped to head Nations’ Special Tribunal for Lebanon, tirelessly played the role of peace advocate USIP’s new initia- based in The Hague, since August 2009. and adviser to the warring factions.” An tive on gender and Tolbert previously served as U.N. assistant award ceremony took place in Vlaardingen peacebuilding. This initiative will focus secretary-general and special adviser to the in the Netherlands on March 13, 2010. additional attention on the challenges fac- U.N. Assistance to the Khmer Rouge Trials. ing women in conflict zones around the From 2004 through March 2008, he was Virginia world, and further address the broader is- the deputy prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugosla- Bouvier sue of gender-related impacts of conflict and peacebuilding. via (ICTY). As a senior fellow at USIP from Virginia M. Bouvier October 2008 through July 2009, Tolbert was named senior studied what impact international tribu- program officer for Steve Riskin nals have on the peace and security of the Latin America in Steve Riskin, senior countries over which they have jurisdic- the Center for Me- program officer in tion, and how well or poorly these courts diation and Conflict the Institute’s grant have performed in terms of meeting the Resolution, as the and fellowship goals of providing a basis for reconciliation Institute puts more program, has been and peace in those societies. emphasis on Latin America, particularly named to the board Below: USIP’s president and executive VP, Richard Solo- Colombia. An expert on Latin America, of directors of the Bouvier is the editor of “Colombia: Build- mon and Tara Sonenshine (right), with Louise Arbour, Compton Founda- president of the International Crisis Group, and Mark ing Peace in a Time of War” (USIP Press, Schneider, director of the ICG’s D.C. outpost. 2009). Previously, Bouvier was with the In- stitute’s grant and fellowship program.

Beth Cole Beth Cole has become USIP’s director of inter- governmental af- fairs coordinating all of the Institute’s relations with fed- eral agencies. She is

usip focuses on youth UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 15

Headquarters Update

As of early spring 2010, construction on the Institute’s headquarters building is approximately 80 percent complete. Clark Construction has finished the exterior precast concrete façade and the exterior windows. The main glass curtainwall and the South Roof are complete, as the scaffolding in the Great Hall is being disassembled. The North Roof is done with the steel framing installed and the glass panels placed. There are 1,482 glass panes.

For the remainder of the project, the work will focus mainly on the interior spaces—office partitions and conference center fit-out; mechanical, electrical and plumbing distribution and the interior finishes.

Construction continues on the Great Hall at USIP Headquarters. Former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright toured the headquarters site in March 2010. usip focuses on youth Nonprofit Org. U.S. Postage PeaceWatch PAID 1200 17th Street NW, Suite 200 Washington, DC Washington, DC 20036-3011 Permit No. 2806 www.usip.org

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United States Institute of Peace Think | Act | Teach | Train

National Peace Essay Contest 2010–11

The Institute welcomes students to participate in the 2010–11 National Peace Essay Contest! Students write essays on an assigned topic, adhering to a limit of 1,500 words.

This year’s contest topic focuses on governance, corruption and conflict. For those who want to prevent violent conflict, how can their efforts to reduce—if not eliminate—corruption contrib- ute to building sustainable peace?

Students in grades 9 through 12 in 50 U.S. states, territories and the District of Columbia are eligible. Essays must be received by February 1, 2011.

The first, second and third place winners will receive up to $10,000, $5,000 and $2,500 in scholarship funds, respec- tively. Up to 53 state-level winners will receive $1,000 and will be invited to participate in a weeklong education pro- gram and be honored at an awards banquet in Washington, D.C. For more information on eligibility and guidelines on how to enter, visit us online at www.usip.org/npec.