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Peacewatch Spring 2010

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Peacewatch Spring 2010 UNITED STaTES Institute of PEacE PeaceWatch We cannot always build the future The New Peacebuilding for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future. —Franklin Delano Roosevelt Generation “ ” By Stephanie Schwartz INSIDE 4 Using Media to Create a Peace Community 5 Iraqi Youth Attitudes Shift Toward Democracy 6 Institute Promotes Peacebuilding Education throughout the U.S. 7 Grants at Work for Youth in Nigeria 7 Spotlight on Marc Sommers 8 Engaging the World 12 Iraqi Youth’s Vision of Human Rights 13 USIP Grant Teaches Students Negotiation Skills 14 People on the Move 15 Headquarters Update A project titled “Promotion of Tolerance and a Just Peace Among the Youth of Baghdad” included drawings by Iraqi youth of their vision of human rights. See page 12. Because youth are key actors in conflict population in Europe, with more than half Spring 2010 and conflict transformation, the United of its population under the age of 25, and 65 States Institute of Peace is making youth a percent under the age of 30. priority. The Institute engages in research Youth have been major stakeholders on a range of youth and conflict issues, in many recent civil conflicts, including direct programming with young people those in Northern Ireland, Israel-Palestine, from conflict zones to foster a generation of Iraq, Colombia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria. peacebuilders and education for American Yet they continue to be underrepresented young people on international peace and in peace processes. On the one hand, conflict resolution. young people have joined militant groups Youth not only represent a huge pro- throughout the Middle East, and children portion of the global population, they have filled the ranks of militias in count- represent over half the population in some less conflicts. On the other hand, young ex- of today’s most volatile conflict zones. In combatants have become entrepreneurs in Afghanistan 65 percent of the population Sierra Leone, and youth peace activists in is under the age of 25, while 41 percent are Belfast are contributing to community de- between the ages of 10 and 29. Sixty-two velopment and inter-religious dialogues. percent of Sudan’s population is 25 years old or younger. Kosovo has the youngest continued page 2 >> 2 PeaceWatch The New Peacebuilding Generation, Analysts have long feared that the “youth bulge”—a large population of from page 1 young men living in economically depressed environments—is fostering instability. The exclusion of young people from political processes in their countries is particularly problematic in conflict zones. Research Conversely, in the DRC many young Young people may have held positions of ex-combatants felt, even after the war, that power during wartime as troop leaders, mi- Analysts have long feared that the “youth with no money to pay for school, no sup- litia members or spies, but their age and the bulge”—a large population of young men port in finding a job or way to support their consequences of conflict legally bar them living in economically depressed envi- family, that their best option was to go back from the power of adulthood in peacetime ronments—is fostering to the armed groups. and leave them socially marginalized. They instability. The USIP Press In Kosovo, the inter- have few land rights, few job prospects and book, “Youth and Post- national community sup- no political representation. However, young Conflict Reconstruction: ported youth-led initiatives people’s experiences with war and peace Agents of Change,” re-ex- that spontaneously emerged inform their decisions, behavior and lead- amines this fear and asks following the conflict and ership roles in their countries. As a result, whether the existence of a capitalized on their energy many governments, aid groups and other large population of young to help their peers. Recog- organizations now recognize the need to people in a post-conflict nizing that youth needed help youth make their voices heard. setting in fact condemns to be a part of the recon- a nation to greater insta- struction conversation, the bility, or if instead young international community people can become agents also helped to establish the of positive change in their Kosovo Youth Congress as a communities. way for young people to ad- Evidence gathered from Stephanie Schwartz, author of “Youth vise policymakers on issues and Post-Conflict Reconstuction”. PeaceWatch three case studies of Mo- important to youth. PeaceWatch (ISSN 1080-9864) is published three times zambique, the Democratic Learning from these a year by the United States Institute of Peace, an Republic of Congo (DRC) and Kosovo cases, the international community can independent, nonpartisan national institution established and funded by Congress to help prevent, manage, and shows that youth are not simply a force for develop best practices for international, resolve international conflicts. The views expressed herein instability; they are also agents of peace. domestic and nongovernmental actors to do not necessarily reflect views of the Institute or its Their role, whether positive or negative, is support young people in becoming active Board of Directors. To receive PeaceWatch, visit our Web site (www.usip.org); shaped by the structures of the reconstruc- agents of social change. write to the United States Institute of Peace, 1200 17th tion. Key to tapping into young people’s Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036-3011; call potential is the degree to which reconstruc- 202-457-1700; or fax 202-429-6063. A complete archive of PeaceWatch is available at www.usip.org/peacewatch. tion policies and programs effectively meet Senior Fellows’ Work on Youth important youth needs such as reintegra- President: Richard H. Solomon tion into a community, access to educa- Four of this year’s 13 Jennings Randolph Se- Executive Vice President: Tara Sonenshine CFO: Michael Graham tion and employment, and sociopolitical nior Fellows are researching youth issues: Director of Public Affairs: Lauren Sucher empowerment. • Judith Asuni’s work examines the root Director of Publications: Valerie Norville For example, Mozambique’s conflict has causes of the conflict in the Niger Delta Senior Writer/Editor: Liz Harper Editor/Proofreader: Grace Wen become infamous for its rampant use of from the perspective of youth militants. Assistant to the Executive Vice President: Sarah Wides child soldiers, a relatively effective United • Marc Sommers’s research looks at the Production Manager: Marie Marr Jackson Graphic Designer: Richard von Zimmer Nations disarmament, demobilization and role of Western popular culture icons Production Coordinator: Christian Feuerstein reintegration (DDR) program, combined and youth as important contributors to Photo Credits: Bill Fitz-Patrick, Getty, Jessica Kuo with a cultural environment conducive to warfare and peacebuilding. In a second Board of Directors accepting young soldiers back into com- project, Sommers examines how issues Chairman: J. Robinson West Vice Chairman: George E. Moose munities, helped ease young people’s tran- of masculinity and urbanization affect Members: Anne H. Cahn, Chester A. Crocker, Ikram U. sition from war to peace. More than just youth in post-conflict Rwanda. (For Khan, Kerry Kennedy, Stephen D. Krasner, Jeremy A. Rabkin, quelling potential instability, innovative more about Sommers and his work, see Judy Van Rest, Nancy Zirkin nongovernmental organizations in Mo- page 7.) Members ex officio: Michael H. Posner, Department of State zambique trained young ex-combatants to • Col. J.M. “Matt” Venhaus’s research James N. Miller, Department of Defense lead conflict resolution programs in 100 lo- seeks to identify the young people who Ann E. Rondeau, National Defense University Richard Solomon, Institute President (nonvoting) cal communities. are joining militant organizations and USIP FOCUSES ON YOUTH UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 3 ics such as the role of international actors in protecting civilians from crimes against humanity. Students compete for the chance to win scholarships and an invitation to Washington, D.C., for a five-day program. The contest facilitates a national dialogue among students, teachers and policy lead- ers on issues of international peace and conflict resolution. For this year’s contest, students wrote about the effectiveness of nonviolent civic action. Learn more about the 2009–2010 National Peace Essay Con- test on our Web site: http://www.usip.org/ programs/initiatives/national-peace-essay- contest. In the Global Peacebuilding Center in USIP’s new headquarters, visitors will be able to engage in the art and craft of peace- making. Exhibits, lectures and films will help create a vibrant place where students, teachers and the public can interact and what methods are successful in dissuad- to be active in peacebuilding both in their learn about the many aspects of interna- ing them. home countries and in the U.S. The final tional conflicts and their prevention, man- • Robin Wright is investigating the youth product will be a film produced by the par- agement, and peaceful resolution. movement in Iran and the role of “hip- ticipants, highlighting their stories and the For more information on the Institute’s hop Islam” as opposition to autocratic topics discussed at the conference. educational outreach, see page 6. rule and extremism. Stephanie Schwartz is a senior program as- Education sistant in the Center for Mediation and Con- Programs in the Field flict Resolution and is author of “Youth and Every year USIP’s National Peace Es- Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Agents of USIP’s Center of Innovation for Media, say Contest challenges thousands of high Change.” Conflict and Peacebuilding is working on school students in the U.S. to discuss top- a “Peace Media for Iraqi Youth” project to address some of the issues young Iraqis face and to foster a community of young Iraqis dedicated to peacebuilding. In Au- gust 2009, USIP brought together 30 young people, ages 14 to 18, from across Iraq to participate in a youth media summit.
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