Select Time Line of Political Events, ca. 1190–1720

1191 Prithviraj Chauhan triumphs over the Ghurids at Tarain 1192 Shihabuddin Muhammad Ghori triumphs over the Chauhans at Tarain 1299 Muhammad Shah defects from the Khaljis to the Chauhans 1301 Alauddin Khalji assaults Ranthambhor and ends the Chauhan dynasty 1311 Malik Kafur, on Alauddin Khalji’s orders, raids several places within Pandya territory 1323 Ulugh Khan, on Tughluq orders, sacks Warangal and ends the Kakatiya dynasty 1328 Jinaprabha enters the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq 1333 Sultanate of Madurai established 1339 Shah Miri dynasty established in Kashmir 1371 Vijayanagara attack ends the Sultanate of Madurai 1398 Timur sacks Delhi 1402 Virama Tomar ascends the throne in Gwalior 1407 Muzaffar Shah establishes the Sultanate of Gujarat 1418 Sultan Zayn al- Abidin ascends the Shah Miri throne in Kashmir 1459 Sultan Mahmud Begada begins to rule in Gujarat 1526 Babur takes Delhi from the Lodis and establishes the Mughal Empire

[ xxiii ] 1540 Sher Shah Suri ousts Humayun and establishes the Sur dynasty in northern India 1555 Humayun retakes Delhi from the Sur dynasty 1556 Akbar ascends the Mughal throne 1569 Mughals assault Ranthambhor and Surjan of Hada capitulates 1595 Baglan assists the Mughal assault on Ahmadnagar led by Prince Murad 1658 Aurangzeb ascends the Mughal throne 1673 Shivaji’s forces seize Panhal Fort from Bijapur 1674 Shivaji undergoes coronation and ritual ceremony at Raigad 1707 Aurangzeb Alamgir dies 1712 Jahandar Shah ascends the Mughal throne 1713 Farrukh Siyar kills Jahandar Shah and ascends the Mughal throne 1719 Sayyid brothers, Abdullah Khan and Husain Ali Khan, assassinate Farrukh Siyar 1720 Husain Ali Khan is assassinated, and Abdullah Khan is imprisoned

[ xxiv ] SELECT TIME LINE OF POLITICAL EVENTS, CA. 1190–1720