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Appendix B – English Terms

English Word Medical Term Abnormal condition -osis Abnormal condition (produced by something -iasis specified) above, upon epi- above supra- adrenal adren/o, adrenal/o after, behind post- against anti- air aer/o air, pneum/o, pneumon/o anterior, front anter/o anus, proct/o aort/o append/o around, beside, near para- around peri- ateri/o atrium atri/o back, behind, posterior poster/o bad, painful, difficult dys- before pre- behind, post post- below, under sub-, hypo- between inter- bile, gall chol/e bile duct choledoch/o birth nat/o black melan/o bladder vesic/o, cyst/o blood hem/o, hemat/o, -emia blood clot thromb/o blood vessel hemangi/o, vascul/o blue cyan/o oste/o , myel/o brain encephal/o breastbone stern/o -pnea bronch/o, bronchi/o bursting forth -rrhage, -rrhagia calcaneum calcane/o calcium calc/o calculus, stone -lith, lith/o carcin/o carpus carp/o chondr/o cell cyt/o, -cyte cerebrum cerebr/o cerebellum cerebell/o chest thorac/o choroid choroid/o colon col/o, colon/o condition -ia, -ism cornea kerat/o cranium crani/o crushing -tripsy cut into, incision -tomy death necr/o decrease -penia difficult dys- destruction, loosening, separation -lysis digestion -pepsia dilation, expansion -ectasis discharge, flow -rrhea double, 2 bi-, dipl/o dropping, falling, prolapse -ptosis dry xer/o duodenum duoden/o ot/o eardrum myring/o eat, swallow -pahgia electric electr/o enlargement -megaly esophag/o Eustachian tube salping/o excessive hyper- excision, removal -ectomy expansion -ectasis extremities acr/o eye ophthalm/o eyelid blephar/o falling, prolapse -ptosis far, farthest dist/o fat adip/o, /o fear -phobia femor/o fibul/o finger or toe phalang/o fixation -pexy formation, growth -plasm, -plasia forming, producing -gen, -genesis four quadri- front, anterior anter/o fungus myc/o gallbladder cholecyst/o glomerulus glomerul/o glucose, sugar gluc/o, glyc/o gluelike -glia good, normal eu- process of recording -graphy gum gingiv/o hair trich/o half hemi- hardening sclero head cephal/o cardi/o hernia, swelling -cele heat therm/o humer/o ileum ile/o in en- incision, cut into -tomy -itis instrument to cut -tome instrument to view -scope intestine enter/o involuntary contraction, twitching -spasm iris irid/o jaw maxill/o jejunum jejun/o arthr/o nephr/o, ren/o knee cap patell/o laryng/o little, scanty olig/o hepat/o loin lumbar lymph lymph/o lymph vessel lymphangi/o many, much poly- meninges mening/o, meningi/o metacarpus metacarp/o mouth or/o muc/o muscle my/o nail onych/o narrowing, stricture - near, nearest proxim/o neur/o new neo- night noct/o nose nas/o, rhin/o not an-, a- pain -algia, -dynia pancreat/o paralysis -plegia pelv/o, pelv/I pertaining to -al, -ic, -ous, -ary, -ar pharyng/o pleura pleur/o poison toxic/o, tox/o polyp polyp/o process of recording -graphy pus py/o radiation, x-rays radi/o rapid tachy- record -gram rectum rect/o red erythr/o removal, excision -ectomy renal pelvis pyel/o retina retin/o cost/o rupture -rrhesis sacrum sacr/o saliva, salivary glands sial/o sclera of the eye scler/o self auto- sigmoid colon sigmoid/o skin cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o, -derma crani/o slow brady- small -ole, -ule, micro- softening -malacia specialist in the study of -logist specialist -ist speech -phasia spine spin/o gastr/o stone, calculus lith, -lith straight orth/o study -logy surgical puncture -centesis surgical repair -plasty suture -rrhaphy swallow, eat -phagia sweat hidr/o swelling -edema teeth dent/o, odont/o thirst -dipsia three tri- through dia- thym/o gland thyroid/o, thyr/o tibi/o lingu/o trache/o treatment -therapy tumor -oma under, beneath sub-, hypo- upon, above epi- ureter/o urethr/o urine, urination -uria urine ur/o ven/o, pheb/o ventricle ventricul/o vertebrae spondyl/o, verterbr/o vision -opia visual examination -scopy vessel angi/o vomiting -emesis water hydr/o white leuk/o within intra- without, not -an, -a x-rays radi/o yellow xanth/o