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Aceh Women's Contribution of Military Affairs During Western Colonialism Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 458 Proceedings of the International Conference On Social Studies, Globalisation And Technology (ICSSGT 2019) Aceh Women’s Contribution of Military Affairs During Western Colonialism in Indonesia 1stYuliati* 3rdAfifah Rahmantika Furzaen Dep. of History, Faculty of Social Science, Dep. of History, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia [email protected] 2ndMoch. Nurfahrul Lukmanul Khakim 4thEzra Imanuel Suwarno Dep. of History, Faculty of Social Science, Dep. of History, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia Abstract—Aceh has a great history of interesting to be thoroughly analyzed faces and against colonialism in Indonesia, through literature study and historical include women's contributions. The women's research. In another place in Indonesia like history clearly shows women's involvement Java Island, most women of contribution are in politics and military affairs. It is also in education and politics. The characteristic supported by achievements of a number of of women involvement in the government tough women who entitled to heroes, such as was political activity and military affair, as a Cut Nyak Dien, Cut Meutia, and Laksamana queen and an admiral. The purpose of this Keumalahayati. In the historical record, Aceh research is to reveal the contribution and the is well known to have a strong Moslem manifestation of women's exist in the past principle that roots deeply in the vein of its time. Women involvement in public affairs people. It gave impact to the function of oppose the myth that political and military religious leaders in progressive government affairs are dominated by male which positions women in important stances. Keywords—Aceh Women, Contribution, Contribution of the struggle in Acehnese Western Colonialism women’s behavior and contributions is quite I. INTRODUCTION different from the struggle of women in other regions of Indonesia. For example in Java, Aceh is located in Sumatera Island. Aceh Kartini struggled to promote the welfare of has a long history line that is not quite well indigenous people through education, culture, known by common Indonesian people. One of and arts such as carving [1]. Based on the most memorable history for Aceh people is historical sources and folklore, during the the emersion of female patriots. For example, Dutch colonial era the majority of Acehnese Laksamana Keumalahayati, Cut Nyak Din, women's struggles in the military field. Cut Meutia, and many others. There were Another purpose of this research is to adopt many female patriots coming from Aceh, and the values of woman's virtue in Acehnese their role is quite important in the history of culture through observing its history. women. A large number of female patriots in the colonization era becomes a great interest The struggle in Acehnese women’s for deeper research. This research’s purpose is behavior and attitude is quite interesting to be to reveal why women in Aceh have important analyzed because Acehnese women are positions, also the reason why Aceh is always sure to risk their souls in maintaining different from any other region. what they see as a matter of nationality and religion. Literally, the Islamic principle is the The struggle of Acehnese women during most important value for Acehnese.This is also the Dutch occupation in Indonesia was could be the reason why Aceh was so strong in Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 220 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 458 the era of Moslem Kingdoms. This case III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION continued to the colonization era when Aceh was colonized. Aceh's condition in that time Aceh Condition in the Colonization Era provoked various roles to occur, one of them The province of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam was the role of women in Aceh.This study of is located in the far west of Indonesia, which is the history of Acehnese women is important very advantageous. It is spread from for the development of historical material or northwest to southeast, between Strait of information. Historical material that is Malacca and Indian Ocean (Biro Pusat Statistik relevant to important facts to build historical dan Sensus Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh awareness in society [2]. 1998). Thus, Aceh is an advantageous place geographically. This advantage makes Aceh II. METHOD people a maritime society that was used to The method of this research is a literature nautical life and pleasant to foreigners. Aceh's study. Literature research method or also First Islamic Kingdom, Samudera, has a named literature study is a way of activities strategic port that was used for 150 years. The related to data collection methods, reading, current port called Lhosumawe is located in reviewing and recording and analyzing the easternmost corner of the island of research materials [3]. This research method is Sumatra east of the Muslim trade route, from a in accordance with the preparation of this leading center of knowledge and trade[5]. This article because it uses books, journals and virtue was held until the influence of Moslem articles relating to Aceh Women’s reached Aceh. Contribution to against western colonialism in The moslem influence was proved to be Indonesia. The researcher reads all the very strong, that people call Aceh as ‘Serambi literature on the history of Acehnese women Mekkah’, literally means the Foyer of Mecca. and then notes and summarizes the important Because Islam had a very strong influence of things. The results of the summary were immigrant virtues and cultures which was analyzed by historical methods. brought in by Arabic people around the 12th This literature study method is century. The Sultanate of Aceh once was the complemented by the historical method biggest Sultanate in Southeast Asia under the because the focus of this study is on the governance of Ali Muchayat Shah [6]. contribution of Acehnese women in the fight The Sultanate of Aceh was also related to against Dutch colonialism in the archipelago. the role of women, and Aceh women could This historical method is appropriate for use in make it into the history of Aceh. It is shown by research because it can uphold interpretation a large number of women who were standing and analysis in historiography. The historical out in terms of leadership and insurgent. Long method is a way or step in rebuilding past before The Sultanate of Aceh was established, events, through four stages of research, Aceh was led by a woman named Puteri namely heuristics, source criticism, Lindung Bulan of The Sultanate of Benua or interpretation, and historiography [4]. Teaming (1333-1398) and Queen Nihrasiyah Heuristics or collecting reference sources on Rawangsa Khadiyu of Samudra Pasai the history of women's struggle in Aceh. A Sultanate[17]. literature study consists of 10 books and 15 journals. It is complemented by a critique of The role of women in Aceh continued until the accuracy of relevant reference sources. the colonization era. During that time, many of Interpretation from each source to be able to them existed as a leader of the revolutionary reconstruct the role of Acehnese women in and independence movement. Some of them fighting Dutch colonialism. Historiography is were Pocut Meulingo, Tengku Fakinah, Cut writing the results of reconstruction Nyak Dien, Cut Meutia, dan Pocut Baren Blue. chronologically and scientifically. 221 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 458 The Emerging of Female Patriots in Aceh need a special discussion also regarding many views such as gender, cultures, and religion to Most of the research or academic works in answer it; how they could lead Aceh even terms of nationalism often times are quite when they were underestimated. Not only the unfair in discussing history from the heroic struggle of Aceh women, but we should perspective of gender. Gender relation, which also examine the background of their struggle; plays a major role in the fighting of gaining which makes them decide to stand out in the power, is frequently put aside [7]. Therefore, fight. nationalism is distortedly presented by most researchers as something that comes from Aceh War was a manifestation of people's ‘masculinized memory, masculinized humi resistance toward Dutch Colony, which was liation, and masculinized hope’[8]. According considered as the hardest and the longest fight to [9] ‘male theorists are typically indifferent for Dutch Colony itself. The persistence of to the gendering of nations’. Aceh people to defend their land was very strong, which made it difficult to occupy. Observing the role of female patriots in During Aceh War, there was a female patriot Aceh in its struggle, apparently, they were who played an important role and made consequently influenced by cultures, locations Dutch Colony pay a great effort and expense in the coast, traditions, and laws that went to stop her; her name was Cut Nyak Dien. through Arabic cultures and Moslem religion. Thus, Indonesia Government grants her a title It is shown by the record in the 7th century, as a National Independence Hero of Indonesia when hundreds of women went to Madinah by Presidential Decree No. 106/1964 dated because Muhammad SAW and his followers May 2nd, 1964 [12]. promised equality and honor for everyone, both men and women, also masters and Cut Nyak Dien is a tough woman during servants. Every woman who came to Madinah Aceh War. Although she was very busy when the Prophet was in charge of politics, participating in the movement, she did not might fully gain the advantages of a citizen neglect her duty as a wife to her spouse.
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