I Dieci Colori Dell'eleganza

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

I Dieci Colori Dell'eleganza COLLANA DI STUDI GIAPPONESI RICERCHE 2 Direttore Matilde Mastrangelo Comitato scientifico Giorgio Amitrano Gianluca Coci Silvana De Maio Chiara Ghidini Andrea Maurizi Maria Teresa Orsi Ikuko Sagiyama Virginia Sica Comitato di redazione Chiara Ghidini Luca Milasi Stefano Romagnoli COLLANA DI STUDI GIAPPONESI RICERCHE La Collana di Studi Giapponesi raccoglie manuali, opere di saggistica e traduzioni con cui diffondere lo studio e la rifles- sione su diversi aspetti della cultura giapponese di ogni epoca. La Collana si articola in quattro Sezioni (Ricerche, Migaku, Il Ponte, Il Canto). I testi presentati all’interno della Collana sono sottoposti a una procedura anonima di referaggio. La Sezione Ricerche raccoglie opere collettanee e monografie di studiosi italiani e stranieri specialisti di ambiti disciplinari che coprono la realtà culturale del Giappone antico, moder- no e contemporaneo. Il rigore scientifico e la fruibilità delle ricerche raccolte nella Sezione rendono i volumi presentati adatti sia per gli specialisti del settore che per un pubblico di lettori più ampio. I dieci colori dell’eleganza Saggi in onore di Maria Teresa Orsi a cura di Matilde Mastrangelo e Andrea Maurizi Copyright © MMXIII ARACNE editrice S.r.l. www.aracneeditrice.it [email protected] via Raffaele Garofalo, 133/A–B 00173 Roma (06) 93781065 isbn 978–88–548–5856–x No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher Ist edition: september 2013 Indice 13 I dieci colori dell’eleganza MATILDE MASTRANGELO E ANDREA MAURIZI 15 1Q84 di Murakami Haruki GIORGIO AMITRANO 27 Il mondo dell’uomo nello hokku CRISTINA BANELLA 43 Catastrofe e rinascita nella letteratura di Ibuse Masuji LUISA BIENATI 69 I kokuji della fauna volatile GIOVANNI BORRIELLO 85 Dialogo immaginario tra un gondoliere, un edokko e un códega ADRIANA BOSCARO DOD. Origine e attualità delڲIl cammino del PD۬ 103 percorso Yoshino-Kumano CLAUDIO CANIGLIA 119 Waseda e dintorni ROSA CAROLI 137 $EH.ǀEǀHODIRWRJUD¿DFRPHVWUXPHQWRG¶LQGDJL ne speculativa GIANLUCA COCI 157 /DYLDGHOODSRUWDGLSLHWUDqORQWDQD. Interpreta- ]LRQHGLXQDSRHVLDFLQHVHGL6ǀVHNL GUIDOTTO COLLEONI 169 Il sincretismo di caso in giapponese. Regolarità e casi problematici SIMONE DALLA CHIESA 189 Uji shi *HQMLPRQRJDWDULP\njMLDPXH0L\D]DZD .HQMLƮKDWǀEXNDQQHOSDQRUDPDGHOO¶DUFKLWHWWXUD giapponese contemporanea SILVANA DE MAIO 211 Il trattamento della comunità nippo-americana negli Stati Uniti durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale DANIELA DE PALMA 227 ,OIXPHWWRLQ*LDSSRQH: un’analisi critica GIANLUCA DI FRATTA 238 Ritrovato in Giappone il ritratto di Alessandro Valignano S.J. eseguito da Capogrossi MARISA DI RUSSO 247 Falchi e falconeria nella cultura artistica giap- ponese dei secoli XVI-XIX DONATELLA FAILLA 289 Un lettore di Lingua e letteratura giapponese presso l’Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napo- li: Suekuni Akira FRANCESCO FERRAIOLI 297 9LVLWDQGRLO¿XPHƿLQRWHVXFRQWHVWLHPRGHOOL compositivi del waka nel X secolo e dintorni FRANCESCA FRACCARO 313 Il linguaggio dell’abbigliamento maschile nel *HQMLPRQRJDWDUL AILEEN GATTEN 327 0RULƿJDLLO*HQMLPRQRJDWDUL e il mondo classico giapponese MATILDE MASTRANGELO 339 6RJQLGLGLHFLQRWWLGL1DWVXPH6ǀVHNL ANDREA MAURIZI 369 2QQDGDLJDNX e l’istruzione femminile in Giappone MARIA CHIARA MIGLIORE 389 Teoria e prassi del romanzo storico giapponese fra Ottocento e Novecento LUCA MILASI 407 Aspettando il futuro imperatore. La nascita del Principe Atsuhira nel 0XUDVDNL6KLNLEXQLNNL CAROLINA NEGRI 425 Il cinema incontra la letteratura: il caso Hi- PDWVXUL ROBERTA NOVIELLI 437 Considerazioni sullo sviluppo e sulla scomparsa del NDNDULPXVXEL: un’analisi del *HQMLPRQRJDWDUL JUNICHI OUE 453 Dallo +HLNHPRQRJDWDUL al Qǀ al MǀUXUL: 6DVDNL VHQMLQ di Chikamatsu Monzaemon BONAVENTURA RUPERTI 477 /D¿JXUDGHOODGDPD8NLIXQHQHOWHDWURQǀ IKUKO SAGIYAMA 511 Paradisi perduti: disillusione e perdita dell’inno- cenza nell’ultima produzione di Hayashi Fumiko PAOLA SCROLAVEZZA 527 <RVKLPLWVXLO0DJQL¿FR VIRGINIA SICA 545 Gli esordi di Nakazato Kaizan: il distacco dal so- cialismo e dal NDQ]HQFKǀDNX MARCO SIMEONE 561 Benkei e i Taira: l’approccio controcorrente del 0XVDVKLEǀHHQJL ROBERTA STRIPPOLI 577 A proposito della “mittenza” culturale dal Giap- pone ADOLFO TAMBURELLO 593 /LQJXDHLOOXPLQD]LRQHO¶LQVHJQDPHQWRGL'ǀJHQ ALDO TOLLINI 611 $NXWDJDZDH6XVDQRR PAOLO VILLANI 633 Tutta la verità TADAHIKO WADA 645 Gli Autori 655 %LEOLRJUD¿DGL0DULD7HUHVD2UVL I dieci colori dell’eleganza MATILDE MASTRANGELO E ANDREA MAURIZI L’espressione giapponese che sta per “dieci colori” indica un’idea di pluralità, di varietà, in particolare di gusti, di scelte, di modi di sentire e di interpretare. Tale è l’impressione che abbia- mo leggendo le pubblicazioni di Maria Teresa Orsi nelle cui pa- JLQHWURYDQRDFFRJOLHQ]DVFLHQWL¿FDQXPHURVLDUJRPHQWLOHWWHUDUL riferiti a più epoche. Diversi sono anche gli studi da lei scritti sul colore, nei quali ULÀHWWHVXOODSUHYDOHQ]DHVXOO¶DWWULEX]LRQHGHOOHVIXPDWXUHFUR- PDWLFKHGLXQDXWRUHFRPHQHOFDVRGL1DWVXPH6ǀVHNLRVXGL un sistema di valori legati a un periodo storico, come nel caso del *HQMLPRQRJDWDUL. Se nel primo caso viene messo in evidenza che il colore rappresenta uno stato d’animo, annuncia una scena o prelude a una scelta dei protagonisti, nel secondo il colore è legato a un ruolo, a un rango, allo stile e all’eleganza del vivere VRFLDOH(DUULYLDPRFRQTXHVW¶XOWLPRWHUPLQHDOODSDUWH¿QDOH del titolo scelto per il presente volume, che forse è anche la pa- rola che meno coglie di sorpresa il lettore, perché nessuno ha dubbi che l’eleganza si associ a Maria Teresa come il viola agli imperatori della Corte Heian. Ma non è all’eleganza estetica che VLLQWHQGHLQUHDOWjIDUHULIHULPHQWRTXDQWRDOODUDI¿QDWH]]DLQ- tellettuale che ha portato Maria Teresa a inaugurare nuove linee GLULFHUFDFRPHQHOFDVRGHOIXPHWWRRDULWRUQDUHDULÀHWWHUHVX autori di grande fama come Mishima Yukio, favorendo lo svilup- po di una rinnovata lettura critica. La presente raccolta è formata da contributi di studiosi legati a Maria Teresa in quanto colleghi, allievi e amici, in quanto per- sone che hanno condiviso l’ambiente accademico e di ricerca e che continuano a collaborare con lei. L’entusiasmo di tutti coloro 13 14 Japan pop 14 I DIECI COLORI DELL’ELEGANZA che sono intervenuti ha permesso l’elaborazione di un’opera di VFLHQWL¿FDSOXUDOLWjFKHLQWHQGHHVVHUHXQRPDJJLRSHUTXDQWRGD lei abbiamo ricevuto. 1Q84 di Murakami Haruki: navigando in un mare di punti interrogativi GIORGIO AMITRANO L’idea di questo breve saggio nasce dall’invito che mi è stato rivolto dall’associazione “Tokyoèvicina” a partecipare a un in- contro-dialogo con Maria Teresa Orsi sul romanzo di Murakami Haruki 1Q84. Le domande poste da Maria Teresa nel corso dell’incontro, che si è tenuto il 2 marzo 2012 presso l’Università 3RSRODUHGL5RPDKDQQRVROOHFLWDWRLQPHGHOOHULÀHVVLRQLVX quest’opera di Murakami, che desideravo riprendere per svilup- parle in un testo scritto. Per farlo comincerò dalla storia editoriale di questo libro. 1Q84, pubblicato in Giappone in due volumi nel maggio 2009, ha venduto un milione di copie in meno di quattro settimane e poi KDFRQWLQXDWRDJXLGDUHOHFODVVL¿FKHGLYHQGLWDDQFRUDSHUGLYHU- si mesi. Per chi visitava le librerie giapponesi in quel periodo, il libro, diviso in due volumi (per un totale di 1055 pagine), con le sue due grandi Q verde e arancione in copertina, produceva un effetto inquietante, come di due occhi spalancati dallo sguardo inquisitorio. %LJEURWKHULVZDWFKLQJ\RX Un effetto non si sa se YROXWRSURSULRLQTXHVWLWHUPLQLGDOODFDVDHGLWULFH6KLQFKǀVKD ma sicuramente adatto a un libro che sin dal titolo allude al quasi RPRQLPRURPDQ]RGL*HRUJH2UZHOO/DGLIIHUHQ]DUDSSUHVHQWD- ta dalla sostituzione del numero 9 con la lettera Q, in apparenza VRORJUD¿FDYLVWRFKHLQJLDSSRQHVHH4VLOHJJRQRDOORVWHVVR modo, nella storia rappresenta uno spartiacque che divide due mondi. I personaggi che vivono nell’anno 1Q84 hanno oltrepas- VDWRLFRQ¿QLGHOODUHDOWjHYHGRQRFRVHFKHJOLDOWULVRVSLQWLGDO ÀXVVRQRUPDOHGHOWHPSRQRQULHVFRQRDVFRUJHUH7XWWDYLDOD 15 16 GIORGIO AMITRANO tensione che cresce nel corso della narrazione induce a pensa- re che la nuova realtà, con i suoi connotati da incubo, travolge- rà la diga che separa i due mondi paralleli, trionfando su tutto. 4XDQGRVLJLXQJHDOOD¿QHGHOVHFRQGRYROXPHLOGLVDVWURQRQq avvenuto, ma nemmeno la liberazione dall’angoscia.1 La narra- zione lascia il lettore sospeso come le due lune, una gialla, l’altra verde, che dal cielo vedono ogni cosa della terra, ma dalla terra non sono visibili che a pochissimi. Nel maggio del 2009 il lettore non aveva modo di spingersi oltre questa chiusura ambigua, e in PROWLVLULQQRYzODGHOXVLRQHVSHULPHQWDWDLQSDVVDWRFRQL¿QDOL di Murakami, scrittore fedele come pochi alla poetica dell’RSHQ HQGLQJ. Nessuno ancora sapeva che il libro avrebbe avuto un se- guito, e in teoria la narrazione avrebbe potuto fermarsi lì, con il suo carico di enigmi irrisolti. Ma qualche tempo dopo venne GDWDODQRWL]LDXI¿FLDOHFKH0XUDNDPLVWDYDODYRUDQGRDOWHU]R volume. L’annuncio colse molti di sorpresa. Solo i più accorti aveva- no notato che, in luogo della consueta divisione in MǀJH ୖୗ, comune in Giappone per i romanzi lunghi pubblicati in due volu- mi e già utilizzata per alcuni libri di Murakami, i due volumi di 1Q84 erano accompagnati dalle scritte in UǀPDML e numeri arabi BOOK 1 e BOOK 2. Un’indicazione seriale era stata adottata solo una volta in passato da Murakami per la pubblicazione di 1HMLPDNLGRULNXURQLNXUX (L’uccello che gira le viti del mondo, 1994), uscito in due volumi
Recommended publications
  • ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL
    ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 1 ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL Carte de l’Empire avant la Guerre Civile (octobre 1105) L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 2 ANACHRONE Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL 2007 Rouge : « alliance Rebelles de MON DES CLANS DE L’EMPIRE Zanonaï » (avant la Guerre Civile) Bleu : « Faction Impériale » Rose : clans neutres / indécis (1) Mutsu (2) Dewa (3) Echigo (4) Shimotsuke (5) Yasuki (6) Gogenso (7) Hitashi (8) Awa (9) Kotsuke (10) Sagami (9) Kotsuke (après oct. 1105) (11) Izu Daimyo mort pendant la guerre, son gendre du clan (12) Kai (14) Suriga (15) Etchu Sugiga a hérité du fief (12) Kai (15) Etchu (après oct. 1105) (après oct. 1105) (13) Shinano (18) Totomi (18) Totomi (19) Mikawa (16) Noto (17) Shimosa (après oct. 1105) (19) Mikawa (après oct. 1105) (20) Saïcho Owari (21) Mimasaki (22) Nagato (23) Satsuma (clan dissous en oct.1105, le fief appartient au clan Sagami) L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 3 ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL Carte de l’Empire après la Guerre Civile (juin 1107) L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 4 ANACHRONE Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL 2007 MON DES CLANS DE L’EMPIRE (après la Guerre Civile – juin 1107) (6) (3) (17) (10) (4) (7) (23) (20) (19) (5) Gogenso Sagami Saïcho Owari Yasuki (12) (15) (14) (11) (21) (9) (2) Kai Suriga Kotsuke (13) (8) Shinano (16) (22) (18) (1) Noto Nagato Totomi L’EMPIRE SCARABEE © ANACHRONE 2007 5 ANACHRONE 2007 Les GARDIENS DU SEUIL L’EMPIRE SCARABEE L’Empire Scarabée est une contrée rocailleuse et vallonnée, cernée à ses frontières Nord par une chaîne de montagnes (Monts Tatsu, cette région montagneuse abrite environ une centaine de volcans, dont une vingtaine est encore en activité, mais également de nombreuses sources d’eau chaude) ; au Sud, à l’Ouest et à l’Est, par un océan.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Producing Place, Tradition and the Gods: Mt. Togakushi, Thirteenth through Mid-Nineteenth Centuries Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90w6w5wz Author Carter, Caleb Swift Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Producing Place, Tradition and the Gods: Mt. Togakushi, Thirteenth through Mid-Nineteenth Centuries A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Caleb Swift Carter 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Producing Place, Tradition and the Gods: Mt. Togakushi, Thirteenth through Mid-Nineteenth Centuries by Caleb Swift Carter Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor William M. Bodiford, Chair This dissertation considers two intersecting aspects of premodern Japanese religions: the development of mountain-based religious systems and the formation of numinous sites. The first aspect focuses in particular on the historical emergence of a mountain religious school in Japan known as Shugendō. While previous scholarship often categorizes Shugendō as a form of folk religion, this designation tends to situate the school in overly broad terms that neglect its historical and regional stages of formation. In contrast, this project examines Shugendō through the investigation of a single site. Through a close reading of textual, epigraphical, and visual sources from Mt. Togakushi (in present-day Nagano Ken), I trace the development of Shugendō and other religious trends from roughly the thirteenth through mid-nineteenth centuries. This study further differs from previous research insofar as it analyzes Shugendō as a concrete system of practices, doctrines, members, institutions, and identities.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogunâ•Žs
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations School of Arts and Sciences October 2012 Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Cecilia S. Seigle Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Economics Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Seigle, Cecilia S. Ph.D., "Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1" (2012). Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. 7. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Abstract In this study I shall discuss the marriage politics of Japan's early ruling families (mainly from the 6th to the 12th centuries) and the adaptation of these practices to new circumstances by the leaders of the following centuries. Marriage politics culminated with the founder of the Edo bakufu, the first shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616). To show how practices continued to change, I shall discuss the weddings given by the fifth shogun sunaT yoshi (1646-1709) and the eighth shogun Yoshimune (1684-1751). The marriages of Tsunayoshi's natural and adopted daughters reveal his motivations for the adoptions and for his choice of the daughters’ husbands. The marriages of Yoshimune's adopted daughters show how his atypical philosophy of rulership resulted in a break with the earlier Tokugawa marriage politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Watanabe, Tokyo, E
    Edition Axel Menges GmbH Esslinger Straße 24 D-70736 Stuttgart-Fellbach tel. +49-711-574759 fax +49-711-574784 Hiroshi Watanabe The Architecture of Tokyo 348 pp. with 330 ill., 161,5 x 222 mm, soft-cover, English ISBN 3-930698-93-5 Euro 36.00, sfr 62.00, £ 24.00, US $ 42.00, $A 68.00 The Tokyo region is the most populous metropolitan area in the world and a place of extraordinary vitality. The political, economic and cultural centre of Japan, Tokyo also exerts an enormous inter- national influence. In fact the region has been pivotal to the nation’s affairs for centuries. Its sheer size, its concentration of resources and institutions and its long history have produced buildings of many different types from many different eras. Distributors This is the first guide to introduce in one volume the architec- ture of the Tokyo region, encompassing Tokyo proper and adja- Brockhaus Commission cent prefectures, in all its remarkable variety. The buildings are pre- Kreidlerstraße 9 sented chronologically and grouped into six periods: the medieval D-70806 Kornwestheim period (1185–1600), the Edo period (1600–1868), the Meiji period Germany (1868–1912), the Taisho and early Showa period (1912–1945), the tel. +49-7154-1327-33 postwar reconstruction period (1945–1970) and the contemporary fax +49-7154-1327-13 period (1970 until today). This comprehensive coverage permits [email protected] those interested in Japanese architecture or culture to focus on a particular era or to examine buildings within a larger temporal Buchzentrum AG framework. A concise discussion of the history of the region and Industriestraße Ost 10 the architecture of Japan develops a context within which the indi- CH-4614 Hägendorf vidual works may be viewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue 229 Japanese and Chinese Books, Manuscripts, and Scrolls Jonathan A. Hill, Bookseller New York City
    JonathanCatalogue 229 A. Hill, Bookseller JapaneseJAPANESE & AND Chinese CHINESE Books, BOOKS, Manuscripts,MANUSCRIPTS, and AND ScrollsSCROLLS Jonathan A. Hill, Bookseller Catalogue 229 item 29 Catalogue 229 Japanese and Chinese Books, Manuscripts, and Scrolls Jonathan A. Hill, Bookseller New York City · 2019 JONATHAN A. HILL, BOOKSELLER 325 West End Avenue, Apt. 10 b New York, New York 10023-8143 telephone: 646-827-0724 home page: www.jonathanahill.com jonathan a. hill mobile: 917-294-2678 e-mail: [email protected] megumi k. hill mobile: 917-860-4862 e-mail: [email protected] yoshi hill mobile: 646-420-4652 e-mail: [email protected] member: International League of Antiquarian Booksellers, Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association of America & Verband Deutscher Antiquare terms are as usual: Any book returnable within five days of receipt, payment due within thirty days of receipt. Persons ordering for the first time are requested to remit with order, or supply suitable trade references. Residents of New York State should include appropriate sales tax. printed in china item 24 item 1 The Hot Springs of Atami 1. ATAMI HOT SPRINGS. Manuscript on paper, manuscript labels on upper covers entitled “Atami Onsen zuko” [“The Hot Springs of Atami, explained with illustrations”]. Written by Tsuki Shirai. 17 painted scenes, using brush and colors, on 63 pages. 34; 25; 22 folding leaves. Three vols. 8vo (270 x 187 mm.), orig. wrappers, modern stitch- ing. [ Japan]: late Edo. $12,500.00 This handsomely illustrated manuscript, written by Tsuki Shirai, describes and illustrates the famous hot springs of Atami (“hot ocean”), which have been known and appreciated since the 8th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual and Material Culture at Hōkyōji Imperial Convent: the Significance of “Women’S Art” in Early Modern Japan
    Visual and Material Culture at Hōkyōji Imperial Convent: The Significance of “Women’s Art” in Early Modern Japan by Sharon Mitsuko Yamamoto A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History of Art in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Gregory P. A. Levine, Chair Professor Patricia Berger Professor H. Mack Horton Fall 2010 Copyright by Sharon Mitsuko Yamamoto 2010. All rights reserved. Abstract Visual and Material Culture at Hōkyōji Imperial Convent: The Significance of “Women’s Art” in Early Modern Japan by Sharon Mitsuko Yamamoto Doctor of Philosophy in History of Art University of California, Berkeley Professor Gregory Levine, Chair This dissertation focuses on the visual and material culture of Hōkyōji Imperial Buddhist Convent (Hōkyōji ama monzeki jiin) during the Edo period (1600-1868). Situated in Kyoto and in operation since the mid-fourteenth century, Hōkyōji has been the home for women from the highest echelons of society—the nobility and military aristocracy—since its foundation. The objects associated with women in the rarefied position of princess-nun offer an invaluable look into the role of visual and material culture in the lives of elite women in early modern Japan. Art associated with nuns reflects aristocratic upbringing, religious devotion, and individual expression. As such, it defies easy classification: court, convent, sacred, secular, elite, and female are shown to be inadequate labels to identify art associated with women. This study examines visual and material culture through the intersecting factors that inspired, affected, and defined the lives of princess-nuns, broadening the understanding of the significance of art associated with women in Japanese art history.
    [Show full text]
  • Analisi Architettonica Del Castello Di Himeji
    Corso di Laurea magistrale (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004) In LINGUE E CULTURE DELL’ASIA ORIENTALE Tesi di Laurea Analisi Architettonica del Castello di Himeji Relatore Prof.ssa Silvia Vesco Correlatore Prof.ssa Sabrina Rastelli Laureanda Roberta Strada Matricola 812346 Anno Accademico 2012 / 2013 要旨 論文の目的は姫路城の建築を事である。 科学方策と分析研究によると、姫路城の建築構造は複雑であり、 その建てられた時代は一つに確定されないが、この建物は時代と 共に徐々に変化する。 1467年の応仁時代に始まって、1868年に明治維新が始ま るまで、という姫路城が建てられるまでにかかった期間は長く、 いくつもの時代にわたっており、興味深い。 歴史的時代背景を分析すると、室町(1338-1573)、応仁(1467-1469)、 戦国(1478-1605)、安土桃山(1568-1598)、最後に徳川(1603-1867)の ような時代で、日本はいろいろな政治と経済さらに芸術と建築の 変化が見られる。 長い時間をかけて、現在の、軍事力と美しさを兼ね持つ完全な建 築物として変化を遂げる。 軍事野営と初歩的な要塞から堅固な城までに移り変わる。しかも 新しい建設技術と材料の加工が城の建築に大いに影響を与えて、 最初の城は木材で作られて、構造問題するため天守閣は三階だけ 高い。 石垣が導入されるとこの問題を解決できて、実際に織田信長は1 576年に安土城を建てることができ、その結果、城の天守閣と 構造物については昔から今の形がある。 さらに、織田信長によって堅固な城は、その時から軍事基地にも 屋敷にも使われて、建城の最も盛んな時期は安土桃山時代または 徳川時代初期である。 II 桃山建築様式の建物は、視覚的に強いインパクトを受けるが、そ の一番の例は確かに姫路城である。 それでいて、姫路城で13の有名な家族によっていろいろな変化 を受け、姫路城の重要な構造物、大天守閣または小天守のような 建物は、1601年から1609年まで池田輝政によって建てら れており、明らかに桃山建築様式を思い出させる。 実際に、本の丸真ん中で、姫路城には桃山建築様式の壮大な大天 守閣がある。 この櫓が7階で、城の支持構造に関して神社方法を作られて、そ れに、城の内部に家具は非常に簡単なのに、内部には狭間とか石 落しとか武者隠しとかといった前哨部隊がいた。外部は内部と違 って複雑な土台、壁の加工さらに屋根の形も複雑である。この様 式は大天守閣も三つの小天守もある。 姫路城の美しさは、唐破風と千鳥破風テインパスムによって飾れ る屋根の上にあり、さらに、屋根の棟の上には家紋または鯱のよ うな装飾もある。 屋根の構造のために姫路城は空に飛び上がるようであり、これは 自然の強い力を引きつけようとしている。実際には池田輝政は、 自然を軍事に結び付けている。 城の地形は非常に重要であり、それぞれの地形に対して違う城構 造があって、例として山城や平城、平山城などがある。これらの 城はそれぞれの土地の地形を生かしている。 姫路城は平山城なので複雑な地形を持ち、軍事防衛によってほか の城の防衛をする。平山城だから本、二、三の丸を持って、それ に西の丸も持って、また、20門はその丸を分けるとさらに丸の 数が増える。 III その新しい丸はいつもの穴、高麗、櫓、埋のような門に先行させ
    [Show full text]
  • From the City to the Mountain and Back Again: Situating Contemporary Shugendô in Japanese Social and Religious Life
    From the City to the Mountain and Back Again: Situating Contemporary Shugendô in Japanese Social and Religious Life Mark Patrick McGuire A Thesis In The Department of Religion Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Concordia University Montréal, Québec, Canada April 2013 Mark Patrick McGuire, 2013 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Mark Patrick McGuire Entitled: From the City to the Mountain and Back Again: Situating Contemporary Shugendô in Japanese Social and Religious Life and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Religion) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: Chair Dr. V. Penhune External Examiner Dr. B. Ambros External to Program Dr. S. Ikeda Examiner Dr. N. Joseph Examiner Dr. M. Penny Thesis Supervisor Dr. M. Desjardins Approved by Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director Dr. S. Hatley, Graduate Program Director April 15, 2013 Dr. B. Lewis, Dean, Faculty of Arts and Science ABSTRACT From the City to the Mountain and Back Again: Situating Contemporary Shugendô in Japanese Social and Religious Life Mark Patrick McGuire, Ph.D. Concordia University, 2013 This thesis examines mountain ascetic training practices in Japan known as Shugendô (The Way to Acquire Power) from the 1980s to the present. Focus is given to the dynamic interplay between two complementary movements: 1) the creative process whereby charismatic, media-savvy priests in the Kii Peninsula (south of Kyoto) have re-invented traditional practices and training spaces to attract and satisfy the needs of diverse urban lay practitioners, and 2) the myriad ways diverse urban ascetic householders integrate lessons learned from mountain austerities in their daily lives in Tokyo and Osaka.
    [Show full text]
  • The Akamon of the Kaga Mansion and Daimyō Gateway Architecture in Edo1
    AUTOR INVITADO Mirai. Estudios Japoneses ISSN-e: 1988-2378 http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/MIRA.57100 Painting the town red: The Akamon of the Kaga mansion and daimyō gateway architecture in Edo1 William H. Coaldrake2 Abstract: Built in 1827 to commemorate the marriage of the daimyō Maeda Nariyasu to a daughter of the shogun Tokugawa Ienari, the Akamon or ‘Red Gateway’ of the University of Tokyo, is generally claimed to be a unique gateway because of its distinctive colour and architectural style. This article uses an inter- disciplinary methodology, drawing on architectural history, law and art history, to refute this view of the Akamon. It analyses and accounts for the architectural form of the gateway and its ancillary guard houses (bansho) by examining Tokugawa bakufu architectural regulations (oboegaki) and the depiction of daimyō gateways in doro-e and ukiyo-e. It concludes that there were close similarities between the Akamon and the gateways of high ranking daimyō in Edo. This similarity includes the red paint, which, it turns out, was not limited to shogunal bridal gateways but was in more general use by daimyō for their own gateways by the end of the Edo period. Indeed, the Akamon was called the ‘red gateway’ only from the 1880s after the many other red gateways had disappeared following the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate. The expression ‘to paint the town red’ refers not only to the way the Akamon celebrated the marriage of Yōhime, but also more broadly to characterize the way many of the other gateways at daimyō mansions in the central sectors of Edo had entrances that were decorated with bright red paint.
    [Show full text]
  • From Ieyasu to Yoshinao
    2021 Summer Special Exhibition From Ieyasu to Yoshinao The Transition to a Powerful Pre-Modern State July 17 (Sat.) - September 12 (Sun.), 2021 INTRODUCTION Striving through the sengoku (Warring States) period, Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) finally achieved the unification of the whole country. Yoshinao (1601-1650), the ninth son of Ieyasu, was assigned to govern the Owari domain during the era of peace. The two were father and son, yet they lived in contrasting times. Yoshinao, who inherited a large fortune of assets and texts from Ieyasu, established the foundations of the Owari domain and led Nagoya to prosperity. Focusing on the principles of their rule, passed down from Ieyasu to Yoshinao, this exhibition traces their lives, their administration, and Yoshinao’s feelings towards Ieyasu, as observed in historical documents and inherited objects. Part 1 Tokugawa Ieyasu, Toyotomi Family, and Tokugawa Yoshinao [ Exhibits Number: 1-42 ] Exhibition Rooms at Hosa Library [Section 1] Ieyasu during the Age of the Warring States: the Eve of Yoshinao’s Birth This section deals with the dramatic changes that occurred in the latter part of Ieyasu’s life, spanning the battle of Nagakute in 1584—in which Ieyasu and Nobukatsu (the second son of Nobunaga) fought Hideyoshi after Nobunaga’s death in 1582, Ieyasu’s subsequent vassalage to Hideyoshi, and the battle of Sekigahara in 1600. [Section 2] Yoshinao during the Age of the Warring States After the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi on the 18th of the 8th month of 1598, Ieyasu increasingly came into conflict with Hideyoshi’s heir, Hideyori, and his vassals of western Japan, led by Ishida Mitsunari.
    [Show full text]
  • Download The
    Pictures of Social Networks: Transforming Visual Representations of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering in the Tokugawa Period (1615-1868) by Kazuko Kameda-Madar B.A., The University of Hawai„i at Mānoa, 1997 M.A., The University of Hawai„i at Mānoa, 2002 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Art History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) May 2011 © Kazuko Kameda-Madar, 2011 Abstract This thesis examines the cultural networks that connected people holding common ideological values in the Tokugawa period by surveying a range of visual representations of the Orchid Pavilion Gathering. It explores the Tokugawa social phenomena that gave rise to the sudden boom in the Orchid Pavilion motif and how painters of different classes, belonging to different schools, such as Kano Sansetsu, Ike Taiga, Tsukioka Settei and Kubo Shunman, came to develop variations of this theme in order to establish cultural identity and to negotiate stronger positions in the relationships of social power. Probing the social environment of artists and their patrons, I demonstrate how distinct types of Orchid Pavilion imagery were invented and reinvented to advance different political agendas. The legendary gathering at the Orchid Pavilion in China took place in 353 CE, when Wang Xizhi invited forty-one scholars to participate in an annual Spring Purification Festival. At this event, Wang Xizhi improvised a short text that has come to be known as the Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Gathering. In Japan, while the practice of the ritual gathering and the text describing it were introduced in the Nara period, its pictorial representation in the format of a stone rubbing was not imported until the early seventeenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Christian Daimyó During the Crisis
    Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies ISSN: 0874-8438 [email protected] Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal Costa Oliveira e, João Paulo Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Christian Daimyó during the Crisis Of 1600 Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 7, december, 2003, pp. 45-71 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36100703 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative BPJS, 2003, 7, 45-71 TOKUGAWA IEYASU AND THE CHRISTIAN DAIMYÓ DURING THE CRISIS OF 1600 1 João Paulo Oliveira e Costa Centro de História de Além-Mar, New University of Lisbon The process of the political reunification of the Japanese Empire 2 underwent its last great crisis in the period between the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi 豊臣秀吉 (1536-1598),3 in September 1598, and the Battle of Seki- gahara, in October 1600. The entire process was at risk of being aborted, which could have resulted in the country lapsing back into the state of civil war and anarchy in which it had lived for more than a century.4 However, an individual by the name of Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 (1543-1616) 5 shrewdly took advantage of the hesitation shown by many of his rivals and the military weakness or lack of strategic vision on the part of others to take control of the Japanese Empire, which would remain in the hands of his family for more than 250 years.
    [Show full text]