Acceptance Criteria As Part of the German Energy Turnaround
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University of Potsdam Master Thesis presented to the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences Chair for Political Science, Administration, and Organization In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of “Master of Arts” (M.A.) In the field of study “Public Policy and Management” Acceptance criteria as part of the German energy turnaround - A contribution to the implementation of and citizen participation in the major planning project “Suedlink” Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jochen Franzke Professor for Administrative Science Second Supervisor: Dr. Christiane Büchner Submitted August 18, 2016 By Christian Wack (4th Semester) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License: Attribution – Noncommercial – Share Alike 4.0 International To view a copy of this license visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Published online at the Institutional Repository of the University of Potsdam: URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395173 http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395173 I. Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................. I Index of translations and abbreviations ............................................................................ II Index of illustrations .......................................................................................................... III 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Literature Review ................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Relevance and classification in the scientific context .......................................... 3 2. Theory – Acceptance ...................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Acceptance subject and object ............................................................................. 4 2.2 Social acceptance ................................................................................................. 4 2.3 Nimby ................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Acceptance criteria ............................................................................................... 7 2.5 Summary: Theory of acceptance .......................................................................... 8 3. Theory – Participation ................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Theoretical implications for participation ............................................................ 9 3.1.1 Joseph Schumpeter ............................................................................. 9 3.1.2 Benjamin Barber .............................................................................. 10 3.2 Direct democracy and citizen participation ........................................................ 11 3.3 Participation in major planning projects ............................................................. 11 3.4 Steps of participation .......................................................................................... 13 3.5 Summary: Theory of participation ..................................................................... 14 4. Theory – Governance ................................................................................................... 14 4.1 Governance approach in the context of the energy turnaround ......................... 14 4.1.1 Governance mechanism: imitation .................................................. 15 4.1.2 Governance mechanism: manipulation ........................................... 15 4.1.3 Governance mechanism: negotiation .............................................. 16 4.2 Governance form: community ........................................................................ 17 4.3 Governance form: competition ........................................................................ 17 4.4 Governance form: hierarchy ............................................................................ 18 4.5 Governance form: networks ............................................................................ 18 4.6 Governance arenas .......................................................................................... 19 4.7 Summary: Governance Theory ....................................................................... 20 5. Methods ......................................................................................................................... 21 5.1 Case study: Suedlink ....................................................................................... 21 5.2 Mixed methods approach ................................................................................ 21 5.3 Document analysis .......................................................................................... 22 5.4 Expert interviews ............................................................................................. 22 5.4.1 Semi-structured interview guide ..................................................... 23 5.4.2 Critique of the questionnaire ........................................................... 24 5.5 Online-Survey ................................................................................................. 24 5.5.1 Survey setup .................................................................................... 26 5.5.2 Validity and reliability .................................................................... 26 5.5.3 Case study region ............................................................................ 27 5.5.4 Contact with citizens initiatives ...................................................... 27 5.5.5 Timing ............................................................................................. 28 5.5.6 Pretest .............................................................................................. 28 5.5.7 Critique from survey respondents ................................................... 29 6. Analysis Part I: Governance and the decision making process of Suedlink ........... 30 6.1 Legal background ............................................................................................ 30 6.2 Political background ........................................................................................ 31 6.3 National arena.................................................................................................. 33 6.3.1 Parliamentary procedure ................................................................. 33 6.3.2 Fraction opinions towards underground cables ............................... 35 6.3.2.1 SPD fraction ................................................................... 35 6.3.2.2 CDU/CSU fraction ......................................................... 37 6.3.2.3 Green fraction ................................................................. 38 6.3.2.4 Left fraction .................................................................... 39 6.3.3 Governance approach in the national arena .................................... 39 6.4 Arena of approval procedures ......................................................................... 42 6.4.1 Legal framework ............................................................................. 42 6.4.2 Federal Grid Plan ............................................................................ 43 6.4.3 Current application process ............................................................. 44 6.4.4 Plan approval procedures ................................................................ 45 6.4.5 Governance in the arena of approval procedures ............................ 45 6.5 Regional arena ................................................................................................. 47 6.6 Participation approach in the regional arena ................................................... 48 6.7 Conclusion: Governance and the decision making process of Suedlink ......... 50 7. Analysis Part II: Results from the online-survey ...................................................... 52 7.1 Information from the sample ........................................................................... 52 7.2 Acceptance criteria by respondents ................................................................. 54 7.3 Social acceptance towards Suedlink ............................................................... 58 7.4 Opinions towards underground cables ............................................................ 59 7.5 Respondent’s evaluation of participation ........................................................ 60 7.6 Concern and local acceptance towards Suedlink ............................................ 62 7.7 Information of economic aspects of the sample .............................................. 64 7.7.1 Willingness to pay more for underground cables ................................ 64 7.7.2 Owners of private residential buildings .............................................. 66 8. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 67 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... IV Annex ...................................................................................................................................