Sidney D. Drell Professional Biography
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The Stanford Daily an Independent Newspaper
The Stanford Daily An Independent Newspaper VOLUME 199, NUMBER 36 99th YEAR MONDAY, APRIL 15, 1991 Electronic mail message may be bylaws violation By Howard Libit Staff writer Greek issues Over the weekend, campaign violations seemed to be the theme of the Council of Presidents and addressed in ASSU Senate races. Hearings offi- cer Jason Moore COP debate said the elec- By MirandaDoyle tions commis- Staff writer sion will look into vio- possible Three Council of Presi- lations by Peo- dents slates debated at the pie's Platform Sigma house last candidatesand their supporters of Kappa night, answering questions several election bylaws that ranging from policies revolve around campaigning toward Greek organizations through electronic mail. to the scope ofASSU Senate Students First also complained debate. about the defacing and removing Beth of their fliers. The elec- Morgan, a Students of some First COP said will be held Wednesday and candidate, tion her slate plans to "fight for Thursday. new houses to be built" for Senate candidate Nawwar Kas- senate fraternities and work on giv- rawi, currently a associate, ing the Interfraternity sent messages yesterday morning Council and the Intersoror- to more than 2,000 students via ity Council more input in electronic urging support for mail, decisions concerning frater- the People's Platform COP Rajiv Chandrasekaran — Daily "Stand and Deliver" senate nities and sororities. First lady Barbara Bush was one of many celebrities attending this weekend's opening ceremonies for the Lucile Salter Packard Chil- slate, member ofthe candidates and several special fee MaeLee, a dren's Hospital. She took time out from a tour of the hospital to meet two patients, Joshua Evans, 9, and Shannon Brace, 4. -
Stephan Hruszkewycz Tuesday, September 25 • 4 Pm • Tech L211
THE MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT COLLOQUIUM SERIES PRESENTS: Stephan Hruszkewycz Assistant Physicist, Argonne National Laboratory Opportunities for materials science with coherent x-ray diffraction imaging Recent progress in 3D coherent x-ray diffraction imaging methods can enable high resolution structural imaging of nano-structured crystalline materials under operating conditions. In this talk, I discuss developments in Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) that aim to broaden the envelope of materials science problems that can be addressed with the technique. Following an introduction of the basic principles of the method, two specific topics will be discussed: 1) BCDI at high x-ray energies that provide dramatic penetrating ability, 2) Bragg ptychography that enable imaging of targeted sub- volumes of a crystal. Both approaches will be discussed in the context of materials science problems that can be addressed in-situ at next-generation synchrotron storage rings including the Upgraded Advanced Photon Source project now underway at Argonne National Laboratory. Stephan Hruszkewycz is a staff scientist in the Materials Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory. His research focuses on developing and using coherent x-ray scattering techniques to interrogate nanoscale materials structure and dynamics under working conditions to reveal structure-property relationships. Currently he is using strain- sensitive coherent Bragg diffraction to image subtle strain fields in nanoscale crystals for photonic and quantum information applications. These research thrusts are pursued at high-brightness synchrotron sources with state-of-the-art coherence-preserving beamlines, including those at the Advanced Photon Source, NSLS-II, and LCLS, and aim to broaden the applicability of coherent diffraction imaging within both the broader materials science community. -
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Paul Harold Rubinson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War Committee: —————————————————— Mark A. Lawrence, Supervisor —————————————————— Francis J. Gavin —————————————————— Bruce J. Hunt —————————————————— David M. Oshinsky —————————————————— Michael B. Stoff Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War by Paul Harold Rubinson, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2008 Acknowledgements Thanks first and foremost to Mark Lawrence for his guidance, support, and enthusiasm throughout this project. It would be impossible to overstate how essential his insight and mentoring have been to this dissertation and my career in general. Just as important has been his camaraderie, which made the researching and writing of this dissertation infinitely more rewarding. Thanks as well to Bruce Hunt for his support. Especially helpful was his incisive feedback, which both encouraged me to think through my ideas more thoroughly, and reined me in when my writing overshot my argument. I offer my sincerest gratitude to the Smith Richardson Foundation and Yale University International Security Studies for the Predoctoral Fellowship that allowed me to do the bulk of the writing of this dissertation. Thanks also to the Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy at Yale University, and John Gaddis and the incomparable Ann Carter-Drier at ISS. -
MEMOIRS Row Standing on the Stern, Venetian Style, from the Lido, Where I Lived, to the School in Venice, Where I Studied
BRUNO BENEDETTO ROSSI April 13, 1905–November 21, 1993 BY GEORGE W. CLARK The initial motivation of the experiment which led to this discovery [of Sco X-1] was a subconscious feeling for the inexhaustible wealth of nature, a wealth that goes far beyond the imagination of man. That feeling was possi- bly generated by experiences in my previous work on cosmic rays; more likely it was inborn and was the reason why, as a young man, I went into the field of cosmic rays. In any case, whenever technical progress opened a new window into the surrounding world, I felt the urge to look through this window, hoping to see something unexpected.1 BEGINNINGS RUNO ROSSI WAS BORN April 13, 1905, in Venice, the el- Bdest of three sons of Rino Rossi and Lina Minerbi. His father was an electrical engineer whose successful career began with work on the electrification of Venice. He wrote in his autobiography2 that his father loved science and would have chosen it for a career except for practical consider- ations. He attributes to his father the influence that turned what may have been an “inborn tendency toward science . into a lifelong commitment.” He recalled: perfectly clear winter mornings when the air was so unusually transparent that the Alps surrounding Venice became clearly visible and appeared in- credibly close (Fata Morgana if you are a child or a poet, anomalous atmo- spheric refraction if you are a scientist). On those mornings I would try to find a sandalo (a small gondola) and, accompanied by a friend, I would 3 4 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS row standing on the stern, Venetian style, from the Lido, where I lived, to the school in Venice, where I studied. -
A Brief History of Nuclear Astrophysics
A BRIEF HISTORY OF NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS PART I THE ENERGY OF THE SUN AND STARS Nikos Prantzos Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris Stellar Origin of Energy the Elements Nuclear Astrophysics Astronomy Nuclear Physics Thermodynamics: the energy of the Sun and the age of the Earth 1847 : Robert Julius von Mayer Sun heated by fall of meteors 1854 : Hermann von Helmholtz Gravitational energy of Kant’s contracting protosolar nebula of gas and dust turns into kinetic energy Timescale ~ EGrav/LSun ~ 30 My 1850s : William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) Sun heated at formation from meteorite fall, now « an incadescent liquid mass » cooling Age 10 – 100 My 1859: Charles Darwin Origin of species : Rate of erosion of the Weald valley is 1 inch/century or 22 miles wild (X 1100 feet high) in 300 My Such large Earth ages also required by geologists, like Charles Lyell A gaseous, contracting and heating Sun 푀⊙ Mean solar density : ~1.35 g/cc Sun liquid Incompressible = 4 3 푅 3 ⊙ 1870s: J. Homer Lane ; 1880s :August Ritter : Sun gaseous Compressible As it shrinks, it releases gravitational energy AND it gets hotter Earth Mayer – Kelvin - Helmholtz Helmholtz - Ritter A gaseous, contracting and heating Sun 푀⊙ Mean solar density : ~1.35 g/cc Sun liquid Incompressible = 4 3 푅 3 ⊙ 1870s: J. Homer Lane ; 1880s :August Ritter : Sun gaseous Compressible As it shrinks, it releases gravitational energy AND it gets hotter Earth Mayer – Kelvin - Helmholtz Helmholtz - Ritter A gaseous, contracting and heating Sun 푀⊙ Mean solar density : ~1.35 g/cc Sun liquid Incompressible = 4 3 푅 3 ⊙ 1870s: J. -
Title: the Distribution of an Illustrated Timeline Wall Chart and Teacher's Guide of 20Fh Century Physics
REPORT NSF GRANT #PHY-98143318 Title: The Distribution of an Illustrated Timeline Wall Chart and Teacher’s Guide of 20fhCentury Physics DOE Patent Clearance Granted December 26,2000 Principal Investigator, Brian Schwartz, The American Physical Society 1 Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 301-209-3223 [email protected] BACKGROUND The American Physi a1 Society s part of its centennial celebration in March of 1999 decided to develop a timeline wall chart on the history of 20thcentury physics. This resulted in eleven consecutive posters, which when mounted side by side, create a %foot mural. The timeline exhibits and describes the millstones of physics in images and words. The timeline functions as a chronology, a work of art, a permanent open textbook, and a gigantic photo album covering a hundred years in the life of the community of physicists and the existence of the American Physical Society . Each of the eleven posters begins with a brief essay that places a major scientific achievement of the decade in its historical context. Large portraits of the essays’ subjects include youthful photographs of Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, and Richard Feynman among others, to help put a face on science. Below the essays, a total of over 130 individual discoveries and inventions, explained in dated text boxes with accompanying images, form the backbone of the timeline. For ease of comprehension, this wealth of material is organized into five color- coded story lines the stretch horizontally across the hundred years of the 20th century. The five story lines are: Cosmic Scale, relate the story of astrophysics and cosmology; Human Scale, refers to the physics of the more familiar distances from the global to the microscopic; Atomic Scale, focuses on the submicroscopic This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. -
Booklet 2008-09.Indd
The Shaw Prize The Shaw Prize is an international award to honour individuals who are currently active in their respective fields and who have achieved distinguished and significant advances, who have made outstanding contributions in culture and the arts, or who in other domains have achieved excellence. The award is dedicated to furthering societal progress, enhancing quality of life, and enriching humanity’s spiritual civilization. Preference will be given to individuals whose significant work was recently achieved. Founder's Biographical Note The Shaw Prize was established under the auspices of Mr Run Run Shaw. Mr Shaw, born in China in 1907, is a native of Ningbo County, Zhejiang Province. He joined his brother’s film company in China in the 1920s. In the 1950s he founded the film company Shaw Brothers (Hong Kong) Limited in Hong Kong. He has been Executive Chairman of Television Broadcasts Limited in Hong Kong since the 1970s. Mr Shaw has also founded two charities, The Sir Run Run Shaw Charitable Trust and The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, both dedicated to the promotion of education, scientific and technological research, medical and welfare services, and culture and the arts. ~ 1 ~ Message from the Chief Executive I am delighted to congratulate the six distinguished scientists who receive this year’s Shaw Prize. Their accomplishments enrich human knowledge and have a profound impact on the advancement of science. This year, the Shaw Prize recognises remarkable achievements in the areas of astronomy, life science and medicine, and mathematical sciences. The exemplary work and dedication of this year’s recipients vividly demonstrate that constant drive for excellence will eventually bear fruit. -
William Mcelroy
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WILLIAM DAVID MC ELROY 1917–1999 A Biographical Memoir by J. WOODLAND HASTINGS Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs, VOLUME 85 PUBLISHED 2004 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. Photo by Anthony di Gesu, La Jolla, California WILLIAM DAVID MC ELROY January 22, 1917–February 17, 1999 BY J. WOODLAND HASTINGS ILLIAM DAVID MCELROY, a biologist who made ground- Wbreaking discoveries in bioluminescence and was an administrator of great talent, died of respiratory failure at Scripps Memorial Hospital in San Diego, California, at the age of 82. He was an innovative and internationally promi- nent scientist and administrator, with a continuing agenda for experimental projects and research support for all areas of science, both basic and applied. At the time of his death McElroy was a professor emeritus at the University of California, San Diego, having served as its chancellor from 1972 to 1980. He was on the faculty at the Johns Hopkins University, where from 1946 until 1969 he was the founding director of the McCollum-Pratt Institute, and from 1956 to 1969 the chairman of the biology depart- ment. He was a member of many professional scientific societies and served as president of several, including three of the largest: the American Society of Biological Chemists, the American Institute of Biological Sciences, and the 116,000- member American Association for the Advancement of Science. He served on the President’s Science Advisory Committee under both Kennedy and Johnson (1962-1966), was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1963, was director of the National Science Foundation under Nixon 3 4 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS (1969-1972), and was a member of the President’s Committee on the National Medal of Science Award (1972). -
Accelerator Disaster Scenarios, the Unabomber, and Scientific Risks
Accelerator Disaster Scenarios, the Unabomber, and Scientific Risks Joseph I. Kapusta∗ Abstract The possibility that experiments at high-energy accelerators could create new forms of matter that would ultimately destroy the Earth has been considered several times in the past quarter century. One consequence of the earliest of these disaster scenarios was that the authors of a 1993 article in Physics Today who reviewed the experi- ments that had been carried out at the Bevalac at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory were placed on the FBI's Unabomber watch list. Later, concerns that experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory might create mini black holes or nuggets of stable strange quark matter resulted in a flurry of articles in the popular press. I discuss this history, as well as Richard A. Pos- ner's provocative analysis and recommendations on how to deal with such scientific risks. I conclude that better communication between scientists and nonscientists would serve to assuage unreasonable fears and focus attention on truly serious potential threats to humankind. Key words: Wladek Swiatecki; Subal Das Gupta; Gary D. Westfall; Theodore J. Kaczynski; Frank Wilczek; John Marburger III; Richard A. Posner; Be- valac; Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC); Large Hadron Collider (LHC); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; CERN; Unabomber; Federal Bureau of Investigation; nuclear physics; accel- erators; abnormal nuclear matter; density isomer; black hole; strange quark matter; scientific risks. arXiv:0804.4806v1 [physics.hist-ph] 30 Apr 2008 ∗Joseph I. Kapusta received his Ph.D. degree at the University of California at Berkeley in 1978 and has been on the faculty of the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Minnesota since 1982. -
Hoover Digest
HOOVER DIGEST RESEARCH + OPINION ON PUBLIC POLICY SUMMER 2020 NO. 3 HOOVER DIGEST SUMMER 2020 NO. 3 | SUMMER 2020 DIGEST HOOVER THE PANDEMIC Recovery: The Long Road Back What’s Next for the Global Economy? Crossroads in US-China Relations A Stress Test for Democracy China Health Care The Economy Foreign Policy Iran Education Law and Justice Land Use and the Environment California Interviews » Amity Shlaes » Clint Eastwood Values History and Culture Hoover Archives THE HOOVER INSTITUTION • STANFORD UNIVERSITY The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was established at Stanford University in 1919 by Herbert Hoover, a member of Stanford’s pioneer graduating class of 1895 and the thirty-first president of the United States. Created as a library and repository of documents, the Institution approaches its centennial with a dual identity: an active public policy research center and an internationally recognized library and archives. The Institution’s overarching goals are to: » Understand the causes and consequences of economic, political, and social change The Hoover Institution gratefully » Analyze the effects of government actions and public policies acknowledges gifts of support » Use reasoned argument and intellectual rigor to generate ideas that for the Hoover Digest from: nurture the formation of public policy and benefit society Bertha and John Garabedian Charitable Foundation Herbert Hoover’s 1959 statement to the Board of Trustees of Stanford University continues to guide and define the Institution’s mission in the u u u twenty-first century: This Institution supports the Constitution of the United States, The Hoover Institution is supported by donations from individuals, its Bill of Rights, and its method of representative government. -
An Analysis of Vice President Biden's Economic Agenda
A HOOVER INSTITUTION STUDY An Analysis of Vice President Biden’s Economic Agenda: The Long Run Impacts of Its Regulation, Taxes, and Spending* Institution Hoover TIMOTHY FITZGERALD, KEVIN HASSETT, CODY KALLEN, AND CASEY B. MULLIGAN We estimate possible effects of Joe Biden’s tax and regulatory agenda. We find that transportation and electricity will require more inputs to produce the same outputs due to ambitious plans to further cut the nation’s carbon emissions, resulting in one or two percent less total factor productivity nationally. Second, we find that proposed changes to regulation as well as to the ACA increase labor wedges. Third, Biden’s agenda increases average marginal tax rates on capital income. Assuming that the supply of capital is elastic in the long run to its after-tax return and that the substitution effect of wages on labor supply is nontrivial, we conclude that, in the long run, Biden’s full agenda reduces full- time equivalent employment per person by about 3 percent, the capital stock per person by about 15 percent, real GDP per capita by more than 8 percent, and real consumption per household by about 7 percent. I. Introduction Advancing equality, environmental protection and other social goals involves tradeoffs. The purpose of this paper is to quantify possible economic effects of the Biden agenda. Vice President Biden proposes to • reverse some of the 2017 tax cuts as well as increase the taxation of corporations and high-income households and pass through entities; • reverse much of the regulatory reform of the past three years as well as setting new environmental standards; and • create or expand subsidies for, especially, health insurance and renewable energy. -
Works of Love
reader.ad section 9/21/05 12:38 PM Page 2 AMAZING LIGHT: Visions for Discovery AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF THE 90TH BIRTHDAY YEAR OF CHARLES TOWNES October 6-8, 2005 — University of California, Berkeley Amazing Light Symposium and Gala Celebration c/o Metanexus Institute 3624 Market Street, Suite 301, Philadelphia, PA 19104 215.789.2200, [email protected] www.foundationalquestions.net/townes Saturday, October 8, 2005 We explore. What path to explore is important, as well as what we notice along the path. And there are always unturned stones along even well-trod paths. Discovery awaits those who spot and take the trouble to turn the stones. -- Charles H. Townes Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................. 3 Welcome Letter................................................................................................................. 5 Conference Supporters and Organizers ............................................................................ 7 Sponsors.......................................................................................................................... 13 Program Agenda ............................................................................................................. 29 Amazing Light Young Scholars Competition................................................................. 37 Amazing Light Laser Challenge Website Competition.................................................. 41 Foundational