685

APPENDIX

Part 1. Speciesreported from the A.O.U. Check-list area with insufficient evidencefor placementon the main list. Specieson this list havebeen reported (published) as occurring in the geographicarea coveredby this Check-list.However, their occurrenceis considered hypotheticalfor one of more of the following reasons: 1. Physicalevidence for their presence(e.g., specimen,photograph, video-tape, audio- recording)is lacking,of disputedorigin, or unknown.See the Prefacefor furtherdiscussion. 2. The naturaloccurrence (unrestrained by humans)of the speciesis disputed. 3. An introducedpopulation has failed to becomeestablished. 4. Inclusionin previouseditions of the Check-listwas basedexclusively on recordsfrom Greenland, which is now outside the A.O.U. Check-list area.

Phoebastria irrorata (Salvin). Waved Albatross. Diornedeairrorata Salvin, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 430. (Callao Bay, Peru.) This speciesbreeds on Hood Island in the Galapagosand on Isla de la Plata off Ecuador, and rangesat seaalong the coastsof Ecuadorand Peru. A specimenwas takenjust outside the North American area at Octavia Rocks, Colombia, near the Panama-Colombiaboundary (8 March 1941, R. C. Murphy). There are sight reportsfrom Panama,west of Pitias Bay, Dari6n, 26 February1941 (Ridgely 1976), and southwestof the Pearl Islands,27 September 1964. Also known as GalapagosAlbatross.

ThalassarchechrysosWma (Forster). Gray-headed Albatross. Diornedeachrysostorna J. R. Forster,1785, M6m. Math. Phys. Acad. Sci. Paris 10: 571, pl. 14. (voisinagedu cerclepolaire antarctique & dansl'Ocean Pacifique= Isla de los Estados[= StatenIsland], off Tierra del Fuego.) This speciesbreeds on islandsoff CapeHorn, in the SouthAtlantic, in the southernIndian Ocean,and off New Zealand.Reports from Oregon(mouth of the ColumbiaRiver), California (coastnear Golden Gate), and Panama(Bay of Chiriqu0 are unsatisfactory(see A.O.U. 1957: 643, and Wetmore 1965).

Macronectesgiganteus (Gmelin). Antarctic Giant-Petrel. Procellaria giganteaGmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat. 1 (2): 563. Basedin part on the "Giant Petrel" Latham,Gen. Synop.Birds 3(2): 396, pl. 100. (in oceano,potissimum australi, circa Staatenland,Terra del fuego = Isla los Estados[= StatenIsland], off Tierra del Fuego.) This speciesbreeds in Antarcticaand on subantarcticislands and ranges at seathroughout southernoceans. A reportfrom the "coastof Oregon" (immaturespecimen taken by Town- send)is generallyregarded to be in error as to locality (see Stone 1930, but for conflicting opinion,see alsoFisher 1965). There are sightreports near Midway, HawaiianIslands: 9 December 1962, dark-phasedindividual, plus two other probablesin December 1959 and December 1961 (Fisher, loc. cit.). Also known as Giant Fulmar or Southern Giant-Petrel. Two forms, M. giganteus,a more southernbreeding form, and M. halli Mathews, 1912, were formerly consideredconspecific, but are widely sympatricin the northernportion of the rangeof M. giganteus(Bourne and Warham 1966, Hunter 1987). The abovereports may pertain to either form.

Fulmarus glacialoides(Smith). SouthernFulmar. Procellaria glacialoidesSmith, 1840, Illus. Zool. S. Afr., pt. 11, pl. 51. (neighbourhood of the South African coast.) This speciesbreeds around Antarctica and on Antarcticislands in the SouthAtlantic and southernIndian oceans,and rangesat sea in southernoceans north to southernAustralia, 686 APPENDIX

New Zealand, central South America, and South Africa. A report from off westernMexico (near Mazatlan, Sinaloa;Friedmann et al. 1950) and the locality of Townsend'sspecimen reportedfrom the "mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon" (Stone 1930) are regardedas erroneous(Bourne 1967, Banks 1988b).

Daption capense(Linnaeus). Cape Petrel. Procellaria capensisLinnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 132. Basedprimarily on "The white and black SpottedPeteriF' Edwards,Nat. Hist. Birds 2: 90, pl. 90, right fig. (ad Cap. b. Spei = Cape of Good Hope.) This speciesbreeds on Antarcticand subantarctic islands in the SouthAtlantic and southern Indian oceansand in New Zealand waters. Reports from Maine (Harpswell, Cumberland County, June 1873; Norton 1922), Ireland, continentalEurope, Sicily, and Sri Lanka, as well as sightreports in the PacificOcean off California andAtlantic Ocean off North Carolina, have been questioned;a report from off the coast of Acapulco, Guerrero, is "indefinite" (Friedmannet al. 1957), and an early California specimen("coast of California, opposite Monterey," before 1853; Lawrence 1853) is regardedas erroneouslylabeled (Lee 1993). Thus all NorthernHemisphere reports are highly questionable.Also knownas PintadoPetrel or Cape Pigeon.

Pterodroma solandri (Gould). Solander'sPetrel. Procellaria Solandri Gould, 1844, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 57. (Australia = Bass Strait.) This speciesbreeds in the South Pacific on Lord Howe and (formerly) Norfolk islands; pelagicdistribution little-known, but recordedprimarily in southwesternPacific off Australia and New Zealand north to approximatelyTropic of Cancer.An individualfound dead in the Hawaiian Islands(Kauai, 25 November1986; 1987, 'Elepaio47: 29) andpreviously reported as P. solandriis an exampleof P. ultima (R. Clapp, pers. comm.).Additional sightings of this speciesin Hawaiian watersare unsubstantiated(Pyle 1988). All California sightingsare referableto P. ultima or are unidentifiable;none has been substantiated.A sightreport and photographfrom off Westport,Washington, 11 September1983, by T R. Wahl, are not definitive. Also known as Providence Petrel.

Pterodroma rostrata (Peale). Tahiti Petrel. Procellaria rostrata Peale, 1848, U.S. Explor. Exped. 8: 296. (Mountainsabout 600 feet on Tahiti, Society Islands.) This speciesbreeds on New Caledonia and in the Society and Marquesasislands, and rangeswidely in the SouthPacific. Becauseof failure to distinguishthis speciesfrom P. alba, sight reportsin Hawaiian waters are inconclusive(Pyle 1988); there are also sight reportsnear Clippertonand the Revillagigedoislands.

Pterodroma alba (Gmelin). Phoenix Petrel. Procellaria alba Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat. 1 (2): 565. Basedon the "White-breasted Petrel" Latham,Gen. Synop.Birds 3(2): 400. (in insulisTurturum et nativitatisChristi = Turtle and Christmasislands.) This speciesbreeds on islandsin the South Pacific and is rather sedentary.Reports from Hawaiian waters are uncertainbecause of the failure to distinguishthis speciesfrom P. rostrata (Pyle 1988).

Pterodromafeae (Salvadori).Fea's Petrel. Oestralatafeae Salvadori, 1899, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova40: 305. (San Nicholas Island, Cape Verde Islands.) This North Atlantic species,along with Pterodroma madeira Mathews, 1934 [Madeira APPENDIX 687

Petrel], has been separatedfrom P. mollis (Gould, 1844) [Sofi-plumagedPetrel] by Bourne (1983). Reportsof birdsof the complexoff North Carolinain 1981 (Lee 1984) were attributed to mollis (A.O.U. 1985). More recentreports off North Carolina, includinga bird photo- graphedin 1991 (1992, Amer.Birds, 46: 130; 1992, Chat 56: 52) anda bird seenoff Georgia in 1984 (Haney et al. 1993) are consideredlikely to befeae. Becausefeaeand madeira may not be distinguishablein the field or in photographs,available information is insufficient for inclusionof the speciesin the main list (see alsoDeBenedictis 1996). Bretagnolle(1995) suggestedon the basisof vocal similaritiesthat P. madeira may be conspecificwith P. feae.

Pterodroma defilippiana (Giglioli and Salvadori).Defilippe's Petrel. /Estrelata defilippiana Giglioli and Salvadori, 1869, Ibis, p. 63. (off coast between Calao, Peru, and Valparaiso,Chile.) The report of this southernspecies from Hawaiian waters (A.O.U. 1989: 537) pertainsto P. externa. There are no valid reportsof P. defilippianafrom the A.O.U. check-listarea.

Procellaria cinerea Gmelin. Gray Petrel. Procellaria cinerea Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat. 1 (2): 563. Based on the "Cinereous Fulmar" Latham, Gen. Synop.Birds 3(2): 405. (intra circulumAntarcticum = Ant- arctic seas,lat. 48 ø S.) This species,frequently placed in the genusAdamastor, breeds on islandsin the South Pacific, South Atlantic, and southernIndian oceans,ranging at sea throughoutall southern oceansbetween lat. 25ø and 55ø S. A specimenfrom California(off Montereyprior to 1853) is consideredto be labelederroneously (Lee 1993). Also known as Black-tailedShearwater.

Procellaria aequinoctialisLinnaeus. White-chinned Petrel. Procellaria aequinoctialisLinnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 132. Based on "The Great Peteril" Edwards,Nat. Hist. Birds, p. 89, pl. 89. ("Cape of Good Hope" = South Georgia.) This speciesbreeds on subantarcticislands and ranges at sea,mostly in the SouthAtlantic and southernIndian oceans.An individualfound in Texas(Rollover Pass,Galveston County, 27 April 1986, photograph;1990, Amer. Birds 44:1158) is of controversialorigin. A recent report from North Carolina (October 1996, Nat. AudubonSoc. Field Notes 51: 39) is under review.

Oceanitesgracilis (Elliot). White-ventedStorm-Petrel. Thalassidromagracilis Elliot, 1859, Ibis, p. 391. (West Coast of America = coast of Chile.) The breedinggrounds of this speciesare largely unknown,but nestshave been found on islandsoff north-centralChile. It rangesregularly to the GalapagosIslands and along the Pacific coast of South America from Colombia to Chile. There are sight reportsby R. C. Murphy in September1937 in the Gulf of Panamaand at Humboldt Bay, just southof the Dari6n borderin Colombia(Ridgely and Gwynne 1989).

Fregetta grailaria (Vieillot). White-bellied Storm-Petrel. Procellaria grailaria Vieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. (nouv. 6d.) 25 (1817): 418. (Nouvelle-Hollande = New South Wales, Australia.) Lawrence(1851) reportedthe captureof sevenindividuals in the harbor of St. Marks, Florida; one specimenwas preservedand given to the Academy of Natural Sciencesat Philadelphia,but its presentlocation is unknown.The reporthas been listed under F. tropica (Gould, 1844) [Black-bellied Storm-Petrel] (see A.O.U. 1957) as well as F. grailaria (see 688 APPENDIX

Palmer 1962). It is uncertainto which of thesetwo speciesthe specimenpertains, and even more doubtful that the locality is correct.

Oceanodromahornbyi (Gray). Ringed Storm-Petrel. ThalassidromaHornbyi G. R. Gray, 1854, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1853), p. 62. (north-west coast of America, error = west coast of South America.) The type locality originally given for this species,normally found off the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuadorto Chile, is deemedin error (Murphy 1936). No other specimenshave been reportedfrom North America.

Spheniscusmendiculus Sundevall. Galapagos Penguin. Spheniscusrnendiculus Sundevall, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 126, 129. (Ga- lapagosIslands.) An immature of this Galapagosendemic was capturedat Puerto Armuelles,Chiriqui, Panama,in February1955 (Eisenmann1956); becauseit is unlikely, althoughnot impossible, that this individual reachedPanamanian waters on its own, the occurrenceis a probable result of transportby humans.

Phalacrocoraxperspicillatus Pallas. Pallas'sCormorant. Phalacrocoraxperspicillatus Pallas, 1811, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat.2: 305. (in Beringii = Bering Island.) North Americanreports of this species,known only from BeringIsland in theCommander Islandsand extinct since 1852, are unsatisfactory.

Phalacrocorax bougainvillii (Lesson).Guanay Cormorant. Carbo Bougainvillii Lesson,1837, in Bougainville,J. Navig. Th6tis Esp6rance2: 331. (Valparaiso,Chile.) This speciesbreeds on islandsoff the coastof Peru,central Chile, andsouthern Argentina, and rangesnorth to Colombia and Ecuador.There are sight reportsby R. C. Murphy in Panama,off Ensenadade GuayaboChiquito, southern Dari6n, 21 May 1941. A flock of 100 individuals(from which specimenswere obtained)was just southof the A.O.U. Check-list area in Colombia in March and April 1941 (Ridgely 1976). The reportedintroduction of this speciesin 1953 on Isla San Ger6nimo, Baja California (see A.O.U. 1957: 34), is erroneous.

Phalacrocoraxkenyoni (Siegel-Causey).Amchitka Cormorant. Stictocarbokenyoni Siegel-Causey, 1991, Occas.Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Kansas140: 5. (ConstantineHarbor, Amchitka Island, Alaska.) The statusof this recentlydescribed species from Amchitka Island,Alaska, is uncertain, pendingacquisition of additionalspecimen material; at presentit is knownonly from skeletal material.

Phalacrocorax gaimardi (Lessonand Garnot). Red-leggedCormorant. Carbo Gairnardi Lessonand Garnot, 1828, in Duperrey,Voy. Coquille, Zool., Atlas 1(7): pl. 48; 1830, 1(14): 601.(Lima, au P6rou = San LorenzoIsland, roadstead of Lima, Peru.) There is a sightreport of this speciesfor Texas(Galveston, 28 December1946; Oberholser 1974). Its normalrange is the Pacific coastof SouthAmerica, and an individualin eastern Texas (even if its identity were fully verified) would probablyrepresent an escapefrom captivity,perhaps a ship-transportedbird. APPENDIX 689

Mesophoyxintermedia (Wagler). IntermediateEgret. Ardea intermediaWaglet, 1829, Isis von Oken, col. 659. (Java.) The specimenof this Old World species,also known as Yellow-billed Egret or Lesser Egret, reportedlytaken at Vancouver,British Columbia,may actually have been obtained elsewhere(Brooks 1923, Godfrey 1986).

Platalea ieucorodia Linnaeus.Eurasian Spoonbill. Platalea LeucorodiaLinnaeus, 1758, Syst.Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 139. (in Europa = Sweden.) This widespreadOld World specieshas been includedin previouscheck-lists on the basis of one specimenfrom Greenland,where accidental.There are no known reportsfrom the A.O.U. area now treated. Also known as EuropeanSpoonbill, White Spoonbill, Common Spoonbill,or the Spoonbill.

Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus).White Stork. Ardea Ciconia Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 142. (in Europe, Asia, Africa = Sweden.) There is one sight report of this Palearcticstork from Antigua, Lesser Antilles (Gricks 1994).

Phoenicopteruschilensis Molina. Chilean Flamingo. Phoenicopteruschilensis Molina, 1782, SaggioStoria Nat. Chili, pp. 242, 344. (Chile.) Individualsof this South American specieshave been reportedin California, Delaware, and other states;they are regardedas escapedindividuals. Many otherreports of this species have not reachedthe scientificliterature becausethe birds are assumedto be escapesfrom captivity.

Anser anser (Linnaeus).Graylag Goose. Anas Anser Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 123. Based on "The Laughing- Goose" Edwards,Nat. Hist. Birds 3: 153, pl. 153. (in Europa & America maxime boreall = Sweden.) An individual of this widespreadEurasian species captured on the HousatonicRiver near Lenox, Massachusetts,2 December 1932, was consideredlater to be a domesticbird (Snyder 1957). More recent sight reports,mostly in the easternUnited States,are thoughtalso to pertainto escapesfrom captivity;a report from Attu (1987, Amer. Birds 41: 476) pertains to Anserfabalis (1988, Amer. Birds 42: 121).

Anser indicus Latham. Bar-headed Goose. Anser indica Latham, 1790, Index Ornithol. 2: 839. (in India; hyemegregaria; e Thibeto = India in winter, and Tibet.) Individualsof this centralAsian speciesreported from California, Saskatchewan,Illinois, Pennsylvania,Ohio, Quebec,Texas, and elsewherein North America are probableescapes from captivity (Palmer 1976; for discussionsee Lahrman 1994).

Branta ruficollis (Pallas). Red-breastedGoose. Anser ruficollisPallas, 1769, Spic. Zool. 1 (6): 21, pl. 4. (lower Ob, southernRussia.) This western Siberian specieshas been reportedin North America between September and April from California (six reports, 1890s to 1969), Maine (1962), and Texas (1969- 1970). It is widely kept by aviculturists,and thesereports probably pertain to escapesfrom captivity (Palmer 1976). 690 APPENDIX

Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas). Ruddy Shelduck. Anasferruginea Pallas, 1764, in Vroeg, Cat. RaisonnOis., Adumbr.,p. 5. (No locality given = Tartary.) This Eurasianspecies has been reported as accidentalin westernGreenland. Reports from California, and in easternNorth America from Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Quebec,Vermont, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania,and New Jerseysouth to Florida, probably pertain to escapesfrom captivity.

Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus). Common Shelduck. Anas Tadorna Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 122. (in Europa• maritimis = Sweden.) This Eurasianspecies, known in Old World literatureas the Shelduckand kept widely in captivity, hasbeen reported from Quebec(Cap Saint-Ignace,1982), Massachusetts(Ipswich Bay, 1921), and Delaware (BombayHook, 1970-1976); thesereports likely pertainto es- caped individuals. Several other reports of birds definitely known to have escapedhave appearedin the literature.

Aix galericulata (Linnaeus). Mandarin Duck. Anas galericulataLinnaeus. 1758, Syst.Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 128. Basedon "The Chinese Teal" of Edwards,Nat. Hist. Birds, p. 102, pl. 102. (China). An introducedpopulation of thisEurasian species may be establishedas a breedingspecies in SonomaCounty, California. The first nestwas recordedin 1972, and by the mid-1980s, the populationhad grown to severalhundred (Shurtleff and Savage 1996). Reportsfrom elsewhereare regardedas escapeesfrom captivity.

Netta rufina (Pallas). Red-crestedPochard. Anas rufina Pallas, 1773, Reise Versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs 2: 713. (in Mari Caspio lacubusquevastissimis deserti Tatadci = Caspian Sea.) The report of a specimenof this Eurasian speciesfrom Long Island Sound (1881) is unsatisfactory;the specimencannot be located.Sight reportsof individualsin Washington and in easternNorth America almostcertainly pertain to individualsescaped from captivity.

Aythya baeri (Radde). Baer's Pochard. Anas (Fuligula) Baeri Radde, 1863, ReisenSOd. Ost-Sib. 2: 376, pl. 15. (in der oberen Salbatsche-Ebeneauf dem rechtenAmurufer = upper SalbatchPlains, middle Amur River, eastern Siberia.) This specieshas been included in the North American avifauna on the basis of two specimens(one still extant) reportedlytaken about 1841 by Peale in "Oregon" (= southern British Columbia to Oregon; Friedmann 1949). The extant specimendoes not agree with examplesof A. baeri in plumageor bill shapeand may be a hybrid (P. Rasmussen,pers. comm., contra Palmer 1976).

Aythya nyroca (Giildenst•idt).Ferruginous Duck. Anas nyroca G01denst•idt,1770, Novi Commentarii Acad. Sci. Imp. Petropolitanae14 (1769): 403 (southernRussia.) This Eurasianspecies was reportedon Bermuda,5 January-1March 1987 (Amos 1991), but the report was evidently undocumented.

Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus).Eurasian Sparrowhawk. Falco NisusLinnaeus, 1758, Syst.Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 92. (in Europa -- Sweden.) An immaturefemale believed to be this Old World specieswas reported from New Jersey APPENDIX 691

(Cape May, 24 October 1978; 1979, New JerseyAudubon Suppl. 5: 11); the individual photographedis not identifiable.

Buteo polyosoma(Quoy and Gaimard).Red-backed Hawk. Falco polyosomaQuoy and Gaimard, 1824, in Freycinet,Voy. Uranie Phys.,Zool., 3: 92, pl. 14. (Falkland Islands.) An individual thoughtto be of this Andean and southernSouth American specieswas reportedfrom Colorado(Gunnison, first from mid-August-31October 1987, photographs; 1988, Amer. Birds 42: 112); the bird returned the next year and was paired with a B. swainsoni.Identification as anotherSouth American species, B. poecilochrousGurney, 1879, cannotbe ruled out; furthermore,the origin of the bird remainshighly questionable(Allen 1988).

Buteo buteo (Linnaeus). Common Buzzard. Falco Buteo Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 1. (in Europa = Sweden.) An individualthought to be of this Eurasianspecies was reportedfrom Alaska (Nizki, in the Aleutian Islands,26 May 1983; 1983, Amer. Birds 37: 902); this sightreport of a highly variable speciesoften difficult to identify in the field is unsatisfactory.

Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin). Booted Eagle. Falco pennamsGmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat. 1: 272. Basedon "Booted Falcon" Latham, Gen. Synop.Birds 1, p. 75. (No locality given, France suggestedby Swann, 1922, Synop.Accipitres, ed. 2, p. 113.) This speciesof southernEurasia was reportedon Bermuda,8-13 September1989; an African origin and transportationby HurricaneGabrielle were postulated(Amos 1991). The report was evidentlyundocumented.

Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus.Water Rail. Rallus aquaticusLinnaeus, 1758, Syst.Nat. (ed. 10) 1:153. (in Europa = GreatBritain.) This Eurasianspecies was includedin former check-listson the basisof severalstragglers taken in Greenland.There are no known reportsfrom the A.O.U. area now treated.

Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus).Purple Swamphen. Fulica PorphyrioLinnaeus, 1758, Syst.Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 152. (in Asia, America = lands borderingthe westernMediterranean Sea.) An individual thoughtto be a molting sub-adultand possiblyfrom one of the Middle Easternsubspecies appeared in suburbanWilmington, Delaware, 5 December1990, and it remainedtwo weeks (1991, Amer. Birds 45: 255). Its origin is questionable,but given the unusualdispersal abilities of many Rallidae, a naturalorigin cannotbe dismissed.

Hoploxypteruscayanus (Latham). Pied Lapwing. Charadriuscayanus Latham, 1790, Index Ornithol.2: 749. Basedmainly on "Le Pluvier arm6 de Cayenne" Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois. 8: 102. (in Cayana = Cayenne.) The report of this SouthAmerican speciesfrom Honduras,based on a reputedspecimen from the "Aloof River" [= Rfo Ulfia] region(1855-1856), is unsatisfactory(Monroe 1968).

Charadrius pecuarius Temminck.Kittlitz's Plover. Charadrius pecuarius Temminck, 1823, PlanchesColor., livr. 31, pl. 183. (Cape of Good Hope.) A bandedindividual of this African specieswas photographedat the mouth of the San 692 ^}'PENt)IX

Diego river, San Diego County, California, 26 December 1970, but the origin of this indi- vidual is highly questionable(Langham 1991).

Charadrius veredus Gould. Oriental Plover. Charadriusveredus Gould, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. London,p. 38. (NorthernAustralia.) This Asiatic specieswas included in former check-listson the basis of a record from Greenland (A.O.U. 1957: 165-166, footnote, as C. asiaticus veredus). There are no known reportsfrom the A.O.U. area now treated.

Gallinago media (Latham). Great Snipe. ScolopaxMediaLatham, 1787, Gen. Synop.Birds, suppl., 1:292. (Lancashire,England.) This Eurasianspecies, which winters in Africa, was supposedlyphotographed in New Jersey(Cape May, 7 September1963; 1964, AudubonField Notes 18: 21), but the report has not been verified.

Catharacta chilensis(Bonaparte). Chilean Skua. Stercorariusantarcticus b. chilensisBonaparte, 1856, Consp.Gen. Avium 2 (1857): 207. (ex Am[erica]. m[eridionale]. = Chile.) Birds reportedto be of this SouthernHemisphere species in Pacific watersoff the coast of North Americahave beenre-identified as C. maccormicki(Devillers 1977a). A pre-1853 specimenreportedly taken off Monterey, California, was re-identifiedas C. lonnbergi,and the locality is probablyerroneous (Lee 1993).

Larus cirrocephalusVieillot. Gray-hoodedGull. Larus cirrocephalusVieillot, 1818, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. (nouv. 6d) 21: 502. (Brazil = Rio de Janeiro.) This speciesbreeds on bays, estuaries,and lagoonsalong the Pacific coastof Ecuador and Peru, the Atlantic coast of South America from southernBrazil to central Argentina, and in tropical and southernAfrica and Madagascar;it wintersin coastalareas and on inland lakes near the breedingareas, occasionallynorth along the coastsof South America and Africa. There is a sight report of an adult in Panama,Panama Bay at PanamaCity, 25 September1955 (Ridgely 1976).

Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein.Kelp Gull. Larus dominicanusLichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl. Zool. Mus. Berlin, p. 502. (Coasts of Brazil.) This speciesbreeds from Tierra del Fuego north to southwesternEcuador and southern Brazil, andelsewhere at subantarcticlatitudes in the SouthernHemisphere. A pair of "mated" gulls and possiblya third individual appearedin 1989 in coastalLouisiana and were ten- tatively identifiedas L. dominicanus.The following summer,one bred with L. argentatus, the only reportof breedingof the latter speciesin Louisiana(1990, Amer.Birds 44:1147); additionalindividuals identified as L. dominicanushave been reportedthere in subsequent years.Three recordsfrom the Yucatanin 1991, 1993, and 1994 have been accompaniedby photos(Howell et al. 1993), as havereports from Texasand Indiana. Because of the difficulty of positiveidentification to specieswithout a specimen,and alsobecause it seemsunlikely that a sub-Antarcticspecies would colonize the subtropicalGulf of Mexico, the speciesis retainedin the Appendixuntil confirmationis obtained.Also knownalso as Dominican Gull and Southern Black-backed Gull.

Creagrusfurcatus (N6boux). Swallow-tailed Gull. LarusfurcatusN6boux, 1846, Voy. Venus,Atlas, Zool., Ois., pl. 10. (fade de Monterey, Haute-Californie,error = GalapagosIslands.) APPENDIX 693

This speciesbreeds on the GalapagosIslands and rangesto the Pacific coastof South America. A sightreport from Panama(northwest of PitiasBay, Darien, 18 July 1957; Robins 1958) is unsatisfactory.The identificationof a bird from California (Monterey Bay, 6-8 June 1985, photograph;1985, Amen Birds 39: 879-880, 958-959) is not questioned,but the origin of the bird is uncertain(DeBenedictis 1996). There is also a publishedreport referring to a photographfrom the Bay of Panama,14 June 1983 (Reed 1988), but the photographhas not been examined.

Sterna surnatranaRaffles. Black-napedTern. Sterna Sumatrana Raffles, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13 (2): 329. (Sumatra.) This speciesranges throughout much of the Indian Ocean,and in the Pacificfrom south- easternChina, and the Ryukyu, Caroline, Gilbert, and Phoenix islandssouth to Australia, New Caledonia,and the Loyalty Islands.Old reportsfrom the Hawaiian Islands(Kauai, Hawaii) are erroneousand basedon specimensof S. hirundo (Clapp et al. 1983).

$terna trudeaui Audubon. Trudeau's Tern. Sterna TrudeauiAudubon, 1838, Birds Amer. (folio) 4: pl. 409, fig. 2 (1839, Ornithol. Biogr. 5: 125). (Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.) This speciesbreeds in Chile, southernBrazil (Rio Grandedo Sul province),Uruguay, and Argentina (Santa F6, Entre Rios, and BuenosAires provinces),and winters along the coast of Chile, occasionallyto Peru. The type was supposedlytaken at Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey;the naturaloccurrence of this speciesin North Americais highly questionable.Also known also as Snowy-crownedTern.

Cepphuscarbo Pallas. SpectacledGuillemot. CepphusCarbo Pallas, 1811, Zoogr.Rosso-Asiat. 2: 350. (circa insulasAleuticas, error -- Kuril Islands.) The original type locality of this Asiatic species,known also as Sooty Guillemot, is regardedas erroneous;there is no evidencefor its occurrencein North American waters.

½olurnbagoodsoni Hartert. Dusky Pigeon. Columba goodsoniHartert, 1902, Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 12: 42. (S[an]. Javier, Pambilar, and Carondelet, n.w. Ecuador = Pambilar, Ecuador.) This speciesis a residentof westernColombia and westernEcuador. There is a sight report of two individualsin Panama (upper Tuira valley, Dari6n, 7 March 1981; Ridgely and Gwynne 1989).

Nandayus nenday (Vieillot). Black-hoodedParakeet. Psittacusnenday Vieillot, 1823, in Bonnaterreand Vieillot, Tabl. Encycl. M6th. (Or- nithol.) 3 (93): 1400. (Paraguay.) This southernSouth American species,known also as Nanday Parakeetor Conure, is widely reportedin the United Statesand Puerto Rico asan escape.Breeding has been reported in peninsularFlorida, where it may be established(Robertson and Woolfenden1992), and in southernCalifornia, where it seemsto have existedfor more than 15 years(Johnston and Garrett 1994). A small populationthat existed at Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York, has now disappeared.

Forpus xanthopterygius(Spix). Blue-winged Parrotlet. Psittaculaxanthopterygius Spix, 1824, Avium Spec.Nov. Bras. 1: 42, pl. 31. (Amazon Basin.) This South American specieswas doubtfully reported from Panama, as F. passerinus 694 APPENDIX spengeli(Hartlaub, 1885) by Wetmore (1968). The blue-rumpedforms, includingspengeli, were separatedfrom the green-rumpedpasserinus by Gyldenstolpe(1945).

Brotogeris chiriri (Vieillot). Yellow-chevronedParakeet. Psittacus chiriri Vieillot, 1817 (1818), Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. (nouv. 6d.) 25: 359. (Paraguay,ex. Azara.) Although details of introductionare unknownand establishmentis uncertain,this South American specieshas been replacingB. versicolurus[White-winged Parakeet] in southern California (Johnstonand Garrett 1994) and Florida (Smith and Smith 1993) in recentyears. The two forms have been treatedas conspecificbut are consideredseparate species on the basis of morphologicaldifferences and near sympatryin southernParfi, Brazil (Pinto and Camargo1957).

Arnazona arnazonica(Linnaeus). Orange-winged Parrot. Psittacusamazonicus Linnaeus, 1766, Syst.Nat. (ed. 12) 1: 147. Basedmainly on "Le PerroquetAmazone" Brisson,Ornithologie 4: 256. (in Surinamo= Surinam.) Small numbersof this recentlyintroduced South American species are now residentand apparentlybreeding in PuertoRico (San Juan area, Mayaguez, Salinas,Rfo Piedras).Pop- ulations in southernFlorida are consideredto be escapedindividuals or their descendants (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992).

Coccyzusputnilus Strickland.Dwarf Cuckoo. Coccyzuspumilus Strickland,1853, in Jardine,Contrib. Ornithol. (1852): 28, pl. 82. (Trinidad, error -- Venezuela.) This speciesis found in northernColombia and northernVenezuela (including Margarita Island). There is a sight report in Panama(Tocumen, eastern Panamfi province, 9 February 1979; Braun and Wolf 1987).

Coccyzuslansbergi Bonaparte.Gray-capped Cuckoo. Coccyzuslansbergi Bonaparte, 1850, Consp.Gen. Avium 1 (1): 112. (Sta. F6 de Bogot5 [Colombia].) This South American speciesis residentin northernColombia, northernVenezuela, and westernEcuador, migrating, at least in part, southto westernPeru. This specieswas listed from Panamainitially by Shelley(in Sclaterand Shelley 1891: 303), but it seemsclear from the commentsof Wetmoreet al. (1984) that there are no reportsfrom Panamaprior to 1980. There are more recent sight reports in Panama (Tocumen,eastern Panam5 province, 10 February 1980, 7 January 1982, 23 December 1985; Braun and Wolf 1987).

Anthracothorax viridigula (Boddaert).Green-throated Mango. Trochilusviridigula Boddaert,1783, TablePlanches Enlum., p. 41. Basedon Daubenton, PlanchesEnlum., pl. 671, fig. 1. (Cayenne.) This speciesis found from easternVenezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianassouth to north- easternBrazil. There is a sight report of an immature individual on Union Island in the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles (Bond 1956: 91, footnote).

Chlorostilbonmellisugus (Linnaeus). Blue-tailed Emerald. Trochilusrnellisugus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst.Nat. (ed. 10) 1' 121. (In Indiis = Cayenne.) Simon (1921' 290) erroneouslylisted "Prasitis rnelanorrhynchuspurnila (Gould)" = Chlorostilbonputnilus Gould, 1872, from the Republic of Panama(Wetmore 1968). That APPENDIX 695 subspecies,known from westernColombia and westernEcuador, is placed in the species rnellisugusby Meyer de Schauensee(1966) but was referred to C. gibsoni (Fraser, 1840) by Peters(1945). Stiles(1996a), who reviewedthe taxonomyof this group,agreed with the latter author.

Amazilia chionopectus(Gould). White-chestedEmerald. Thaurnatiaschionopectus Gould, 1859, Monogr. Trochil., pt. 18, pl. [8] and text. (Trin- idad). This speciesis found in the Guianas, northeasternVenezuela, and on Trinidad. Four specimensin the Museumof ComparativeZoology are labeled "GrenadaW. I. Peter Gel- lineau"; becausethese are of a typical Trinidad "trade skin" make, they are regardedas mislabeled(Ridgway 1911: 431, footnote).

Amazilia tobaci (Gmelin). Copper-rumpedHummingbird. TrochilusTobaci Gmelin, 1788, Syst.Nat. 1 (1): 498. Basedon the "TobagoHumming- bird" Latham, Gen. Synop.Birds 1(2): 781. (in insula Tobago.) This speciesis known primarily from Tobago,Trinidad, and Venezuela.Specimens in the Boucardcollection, labeled "Grenada," may have been taken on Tobago(Bond 1956: 91, footnote),and the occurrenceof the speciesin the LesserAntilles is doubtful.

Acestrura heliodor (Bourcier). GorgetedWoodstar. Ornisrnyaheliodor Bourcier, 1840, Rev. Zool. [Paris] 3: 275. (Santa-F6 de Bogota [Colombia].) A residentof humid mountainforest in northwesternSouth America, this specieswas erroneouslyreported from easternPanama (see accountof Calliphlox rnitchelliiin Robbins et al. 1985).

Ramphastosbrevis Meyer de Schauensee.Choco Toucan. Rarnphastosarnbiguus brevis Meyer de Schauensee,1945, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil- adelphia 97: 14. (Rio Mechengue,2500 ft., Cauca, western Colombia.) This species,found in the Pacific lowlands of westernColombia and westernEcuador, was attributedto easternPanama (as Rarnphastosarnbiguus) by Ridgway (1914) on the basis of a specimenin the Museumof ComparativeZoology reported from Loma del Le6n (eastern Dari6n). Wetmore(1968) and subsequentauthors regard the locality as uncertain,and recent field workers in eastern Dari6n have failed to discover it.

Thamnophilusmultistriatus Lafresnaye. Bar-crested Antshrike. Thamnophilusrnultistriatus Lafresnaye, 1844, Rev. Zool. [Paris] 7: 82. (Colombie -- Bogotfi, Colombia.) This species,known from the northernAndes in extremewestern Venezuela and Colombia, was reportedby Sclater(1890) from Panama;there is apparentlyno basisfor this listing, and the report is considerederroneous (Wetmore 1972).

Urocissaerythrorhyncha (Boddaert). Red-billed Blue-Magpie. Corvus erythrorynchus[sic] Boddaert, 1783, Table PlanchesEnlum., p. 38. Based on the "Geay de la Chine h bec rouge" Daubenton,Planches Enlum., pl. 622. (China = Canton, China.) A few individualsof this SoutheastAsian specieswere releasedon Oahu in the Hawaiian 696 APPENDIX

Islandsin the mid-1960s They persistedat least into 1970 and bred (Berger 1972), but no populationbecame established. The specieswas also introducedin PuertoRico but did not become established(Raffaele 1983).

Corvusfrugilegus Linnaeus.Rook. CorvusfrugilegusLinnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 105. (in Europa = Sweden.) This Eurasianspecies was includedin former check-listson the basis of a report from southeasternGreenland. There are no known reportsfrom the A.O.U. areanow treated.Also known as Eurasian Rook.

Corvus corone Linnaeus. Carrion Crow. CorvusCorone Linnaeus, 1758, Syst.Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 105. (in Europa = England.) The distinctform of this Eurasianspecies occurring in Ireland, Scotland,and from eastern Europe eastward,formerly treatedas a separatespecies, C. cornix Linnaeus,1758 [Hooded Crow], has been includedpreviously on the basis of specimensfrom Greenland,which is no longer includedin the A.O.U. area. A report from southeasternCalifornia (Salton Sea) is consideredan escapefrom captivity.

Melanocorypha calandra (Linnaeus).Calandra Lark. Alauda calandra Linnaeus, 1766, Syst. Nat.(ed. 12) 1: 288. (Pyrenees.) A specimenof this Old World specieswas obtained at Glenolden,Pennsylvania, on 6 May 1928, after being observedsince 15 April (1928, Cassinia [Proc. Delaware Valley Ornithol. Club] 27: 35); it was most likely an escapedcage-bird.

Parus major Linnaeus. Great Tit. Parus major Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat.(ed. 10) 1: 189. (in Europa = Sweden.) There is a sight report of this Eurasian speciesin Alaska (Little Diomede Island, 2 September1988; 1989, Amer. Birds 43: 153; see DeBenedictis1994a).

Parus varius Temminckand Schlegel.Varied Tit. Parus varius Temminck and Schlegel, 1848, in Siebold, Fauna Jpn., Aves, p. 71, pl. 35. (Japon = Honshu,Japan.) This species,a native of easternAsia southto Japan,was introducedinto the Hawaiian Islands about 1890 (on Kauai, Oahu, Maul, and Hawaii) and establishedon Kauai and Oahu. Numbersdiminished during the 1940s, and it was last reportedin the 1960s (Pyle 1979).

Phylloscopustrochilus (Linnaeus).Willow Warbler. Motacilla TrochilusLinnaeus, 1758, Syst.Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 188. (in Europa = Sweden.) A specimen,reported as this widespreadEurasian species (which has also straggledto Greenland), was taken at Barrow, Alaska, on 10 June 1952 (Pitelka 1974); however, re- examinationof the specimenindicated that it is an example of P. borealis (Robersonand Pitelka 1983).

Copsychussaularis (Linnaeus).Magpie Robin. Gracula Saularis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 109. Based mainly on the "Dialbird" Albin, Nat. Hist. Birds 3: 17, pl. 17-18. (in Asia = Bengal.) Variousintroductions of this southernAsian specieswere made in the HawaiianIslands (Kauai and Oahu) between 1922 and 1950, but there is no evidence of establishment;there have been no reliable reportssince 1967. APPENDIX 697

Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus). Whinchat. Motacilla RubetraLinnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 186. (in Europa = Sweden.) A sight report of this European speciesfrom Massachusetts(Lincoln, 22 October 1964; 1965, AudubonField Notes 19:8) is consideredunsatisfactory.

Garrulax caerulatus(Hodgson). Gray-sided Laughing-thrush. CinclosornaCaerulatus Hodgson, 1836, Asiat. Res. 19: 147. (Nepal.) Introducedin the Hawaiian Islands(Oahu), this laughing-thrushfrom southernAsia was frequentlyreported in the northernKoolau Mountainsalong the PoamohoTrail during the 1940sand 1950s;well-substantiated reports in the samelocality in 1978 (Taylorand Collins 1979) and 1986 (Bremer 1987) suggestthat the speciesmay persistin small numbers.

Acridotheresjavanicus Cabanis.White-vented Myna. Acridotheresjavanicus Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Heineanum 1 (1851): 205. (Java.) A native of southeastAsia, this specieshas been introducedin PuertoRico (Bayam6n area), but its presentstatus is uncertain(Raffaele 1983).

Anthuspratensis (Linnaeus). Meadow Pipit. Anthuspratensis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 166. (in Europa: pratis = Sweden.) This Palearcticspecies breeds in Greenlandand has been includedin previousCheck- lists on that basis.

Euphonia mesochrysaSalvadori. Bronze-green Euphonia. Euphonia rnesochrysaSalvadori, 1873, Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, C1. Sci. Fis. Math. Nat. 8: 193. (No locality given = BogotJ, Colombia.) The locality "Honduras"on the label of a specimenin the Academyof Natural Sciences at Philadelphiais regardedas erroneous(Monroe 1968); the speciesis found in the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia.

Piranga rubricepsGray. Red-hoodedTanager. Pyrangarubriceps G. R. Gray, 1844, GeneraBirds 2: 364, pl. 89, lower fig. (No locality given = Bogota,Colombia.) A specimenof this SouthAmerican species was taken at Dos Pueblos[-- Naples], Santa BarbaraCounty, California, about 1871 (Bryant 1887). It is assumedto havebeen an escape from captivity (Ridgway 1902: 776; Grinnell and Miller 1944). Also known as Gray's Tanager.

Sporophila bouvronides(Lesson). Lesson's Seedeater. Pyrrhula bouvronidesLesson, 1831, Trait60rnith., livre 6: 450. (No locality given; Trinidaddesignated by Hellmayr [1938].) This speciesbreeds in South America in northern and eastern Colombia, Venezuela, Tobago,Trinidad, Guyana, and Surinam;it winters southto northernPeru and Amazonian Brazil. There are sightreports in Panama(Yaviza, Dari6n, 30 April 1979, two pairs,J. Pujals; Ridgely 1981). AlthoughS. bouvronidesand S. lineola (Linnaeus,1758) [Lined Seedeater], a southernSouth American breeder that migratesto northernSouth America in nonbreeding season(Silva 1995 and referencestherein), have been consideredconspecific (e.g., A.O.U. 1983), specieslimits were clarified by Schwartz(1975). 698 APPENDIX

Icterus nigrogularis (Hahn). Yellow Oriole. Xanthornusnigrogularis Hahn, 1819, V6gel Asien, Afr., etc., lief 5, pl. 1. (Jamaica, Mexico, and Cayenne = Brazil.) One or two specimenssaid to have come from the Isthmusof Panamaformed the basis for the descriptionof Icterusxanthornus dubusii Dubois, 1875; nigrogularisis a replacement name for xanthornus,which was preoccupied.The origin of thesespecimens of this South American speciesis indefinite,but they were probablynot from Panama,where there are no other records(Hellmayr 1937). Wetmore et al. (1972) did not mention the species.

Carduelis magellanica (Vieillot). Hooded Siskin. Fringilla magellanicaVieillot, 1805, Ois. Chant.,pl. 30. (southernAmerica and vicinity of Straitsof Magellan, error = BuenosAires, Argentina.) A specimenof this widespreadSouth American speciestaken at Henderson,Kentucky, was describedand figuredby Audubon(1838: pl. 394, fig. 2; 1839: 46); the origin of the specimenis uncertain.

Carduelischloris (Linnaeus).European Greenfinch. Loxia chlorisLinnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 174. (in Europa = Sweden.) An individual of this Europeanfinch was presentand photographedat St. John, New Brunswick,31 March-3 April 1977 (1977, Amer. Birds 31: 977); althoughthis report as well as a more recent sight report from Quebecmay representnatural vagrants,a pattern of suchvagrancy in a cage-birdspecies should be demonstratedbefore the speciesis removed from hypotheticalstatus. Also known as the Greenfinch.

Lagonosticta rubricam (Lichtenstein). African Fire-Finch. Fringilla rubricam Lichtenstein, 1823, Verz. Doubl. Zool. Mus. Berlin, p. 27. (terra Caffrorum = Uitenhage,Cape Province,Africa.) Successfulbreeding of escapedpairs of this widespreadAfrican specieswas reportedat Pacific Grove, Monterey County,California, in 1965 and 1966 (1966, Amer. Birds 20: 90, 598), but no populationbecame established.It was also introducedin the 1960s in the Hawaiian Islands,but it has since disappeared;there is no evidencethat the specieswas ever established(R. L. Pyle, in litt.).

Part 2. Forms of doubtful status or of hybrid origin that have been given a formal scientificname. Becausethese taxa are of uncertainspecific status or of presumedhybrid origin, their genericplacement is also uncertain.Therefore, we retain the original generic and specificnames even when certainthat the genericdesignation is incorrect;the probable generic relationshipsare indicated in the commentsunder each species.An exceptionis made for Brewster'sand Lawrence'swarblers, which are known to be intragenerichybrids.

Anas breweri Audubon. Anas breweri Audubon, 1838, Ornithol. Biogr. 3: 302. (Lake Barataria,Louisiana). This bird is a hybrid betweenA. platyrhynchosand A. strepera. (Cockrum 1952).

Lophortyx leucoprosoponReichenow. Lophortyxleucoprosopon Reichenow, 1895, Ornithol.Monatsber. 3: 11. (Origin un- known). Known only from a pair in a private aviary, believedto have beenbought from a sailor arriving at Hamburg,Germany, this quail is regardedas a hybrid betweenCallipepla doug- lasii and C. gambelii (Hellmayr and Conover 1942). APPENDIX 699

Tringa cooperi Baird. Cooper'sSandpiper. Tringa cooperiBaird, 1858, in Baird, Cassin,and Lawrence,Rep. Explor.Surv. R. R. Pac. 9: 716. (RaynourSouth, Long Island [New York].) Known only from the uniquetype specimen,taken in May 1833. Although probablya representativeof the presentgenus Calidris, the statusof this form remainsundetermined (Ridgway 1919, Cox 1989).

Calidris paramelanotosParker. Cox's Sandpiper. Calidris paramelanotosParker, 1982, S. Austral.Nat. 56: 63. (Price Saltfields,upper Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia.) Christidis et al. (1996) have shown on the basis of molecular data that this form is a hybridbetween Curlew Sandpiper(Calidris ferruginea) andPectoral Sandpiper (C. rnelan- otos).It has beenfound duringnonbreeding seasons in Australia(Cox 1989 and references therein).Reports from Massachusetts(Kasprzyk et al. 1987, Vickery et al. 1987) havebeen disputedby Monroe (1991), who noted that this observation"cannot be definitely ascribed to anything."

Larus nelsoni Henshaw. Nelson's Gull. Larus nelsoni Henshaw, 1884, Auk 1: 250. (St. Michael, Alaska.) This gull is regardedas a hybrid betweenL. hyperboreusand L. argentatus(Jehl 1987).

Zenaida plumbea Gosse.Plumbeous Dove. Zenaidaplurnbea Gosse, 1849, Illustr.Birds Jamaica,pl. 85. (Jamaica.) This bird is known only from Gosse'scolored plate. No specimensare known, although it may have occurredon Jamaicauntil the mid-1850s (Ridgway 1916).

Conurus labati Rothschild.Guadeloupe Parakeet. Conuruslabati Rothschild,1905, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club 16: 13. (Guadeloupe,Lesser Antilles.) Describedfrom accountsby early travelers,this bird is believedto have been endemic to Guadeloupe,Lesser Antilles. No specimensare known. Anodorhynchusmartinicus Rothschild. M'artinique Macaw. Anadorhynchus[sic] martinicusRothschild, 1905, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club 16: 14. (Mar- tinique, LesserAntilles.) Describedfrom the accountof an early traveler,this bird was believed to be endemicto Martinique,Lesser Antilles. No specimensare known.

Anodorhynchuspurpurascens Rothschild. Guadeloupe Violet Macaw. Anadorhynchus[sic] purpurascensRothschild, 1905, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club 16: 13. (Guadeloupe,Lesser Antilles.) Basedon a descriptionby an earlytraveler, this bird wasapparently restricted to theisland of Guadeloupe,Lesser Antilles. No specimensare known.

Ara atwoodi Clark. Dominican Macaw. Ara atwoodi Clark, 1908, Auk 25: 310. (Dominica.) This bird, apparentlyoccurring on Dominica,Lesser Antilles, was namedon the basisof a descriptionin an early book. No specimensare known. 700 APPENDIX

Ara erythrocephalaRothschild. Red-headed Green Macaw. Ara erythrocephalaRothschild, 1905, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club 16: 14. (Mountainsof Trelawny and St. Anne's, Jamaica.) This bird was reportedonly from Jamaica.One bird, perhapsa captive, was mentioned by Gosse(1847), but there are no specimens.

Ara erythrura Rothschild.Red-tailed Macaw. Ara erythruraRothschild, 1907, Extinct Birds, p. 54, pl. 15. ("One of the WestIndian Islands.") Described from the accountsof early travelers, this bird was believed to occur on an unspecifiedAntillean island.No specimensare known.

Ara gosseiRothschild. Yellow-headed Macaw. Ara gosseiRothschild, 1905, Bull. Brit. Omith. Club 16: 14. (Mountains of Hanover Parish, about 10 miles east of Lucea, Jamaica.) This bird wasreported only from Jamaica.A specimencollected about 1765 wasdescribed by Gosse(1847), althoughhe apparentlydid not seethe bird.

Ara guadeloupensisClark. GuadeloupeMacaw. Ara guadeloupensisClark, 1905, Auk 22: 272. (Guadeloupe,Lesser Antilles.) Describedfrom accountsof early travelers,this bird evidently occurredon Guadeloupe and Martinique, LesserAntilles. No specimensare known.

Amazilia bangsi Ridgway. Bangs'sHummingbird. Amizilis [sic] bangsiRidgway, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 23: 54. (Volcfinde Mir- avalles, Costa Rica.) This hummingbirdis regardedas a hybrid betweenAmazilia rutila andA. tzacatl(Bangs 1930).

Amazilia ocai Gould. d'Oca's Hummingbird. Arnazilia Ocai Gould, 1859, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 4: 96. (Xalapa, southern Mexico = Jalapa,Veracruz.) This unique hummingbirdis regardedas a hybrid betweenArnazilia cyanocephalaand A. beryllina (Berlioz 1932).

Thaumatias lerdi d'Oca.

Thaurnatias lerdi d'Oca, 1875, La Naturaleza 3: 24. (Paso del Macho, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) This is often consideredto be the same as Arnazilia ocai (Peters 1945).

Saucerottiafiorenceae van Rossemand Hachisuka.Florence's Hummingbird. Saucerottiafiorenceae van Rossemand Hachisuka,1938, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 8: 408. (Rancho Santa Barbara, 5000 feet, 20 miles northeastof Guirocoba, Sonora.) The uniquetype is probablyan intragenerichybrid in Arnazilia (Peters 1945). APPENDIX 701

Cyanomyia salvini Brewster.Salvin's Hummingbird. Cyanomyia salvini Brewster, 1893, Auk 10: 214. (Nacosari, Sonora,Mexico.) This form is regardedas a hybrid betweenArnazilia violicepsand Cynanthuslatirostris (Griscom 1934).

Trochilus violajugulumJeffries. Violet-throated Hummingbird. Trochilusviolajugulurn Jeffries, 1888, Auk 5: 168. (Santa Barbara,California.) This form is regardedas a hybrid betweenArchilochus alexandri and Calypte anna (Ridgway 1911, Banks and Johnson1961).

Phasmornismystica Oberholser. Chisos Hummingbird. Phasrnornisrnystica Oberholser, 1974, Bird Life Texas 1: 485. (Boot Spring, Chisos Mts., Texas.) Describedfrom the uniquetype (subsequentlylost) as a new species(and genus),this form probablyrepresents a hybrid (of unknown parentage)or an aberrantindividual of Archilochusalexandri (Browning 1978). Selasphorusfioresii Gould. Floresi's Hummingbird. $elasphorusfloresiiGould, 1861, Monogr.Trochil., pt. 23, pl. [10] and text; vol. 3, pl. 139. (Bolafios, Jalisco,Mexico.) This hummingbirdis regardedas a hybrid betweenS. sasinand Calypteanna (Banks and Johnson 1961).

Celeusimmaculatus Berlepsch. Immaculate Woodpecker. Celeus imrnaculatusBerlepsch, 1880, Ibis, p. 113. (Agua Dulce, Panama.) Both the identity and sourceof the uniquetype specimenof C. imrnaculatushave been questioned(see Wetmore 1968). The type locality was basedon the "make" of the type specimen,a trade skin of uncertainorigin. Short (1982) consideredthe specimento be an aberrantexample of the extralimital Celeus elegans [ChestnutWoodpecker]; he did not comment on the locality.

Vireosylvapropinqua Baird. Vera Paz Vireo. Vireosylvia [sic] propinqua Baird, 1866, Rev. Amer. Birds 1: 345, 348. (Cob•n, Vera Paz, Guatemala.) This form is probablya hybridbetween Vireoflavifrons and V. soldarius(Ridgway 1904).

Regulus cuvieri Audubon.Cuvier's Kinglet. Reguluscuvieri Audubon, 1829, Birds Amer. (folio), 1, pl. 55 (1831, Ornithol. Biogr. 1: 288). (Fatland Ford, aboutten miles west of Norristown,Pennsylvania.) This form is known only from Audubon'sdescription and plate of a specimentaken in 1812 but not saved.It probablyrepresents an aberrantplumage of R. satrapa (fide Watson, in Parkes 1985).

Vermivora lawrencii (Herrick). Lawrence's Warbler. HelrninthophagaLawrencii Herrick, 1875,Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia26 (1874): 220). (bank of the Passaic,near Chatham,New Jersey.) This warbleris a hybridbetween Vermivora pinus and V. chrysoptera,displaying the face patternof V. chrysoptera.It hasbeen recorded from the contactzone between the two species 702 APPENDIX and from much of their nonbreedingdistributions (Parkes 1951). See commentsunder V. pinus.

Vermivora leucobronchialis (Brewster). Brewster'sWarbler. Helrninthophagaleucobronchialis Brewster, 1874, Amer. Sportsman5 (3): 33. (New- tonville, Massachusetts.) This warbleris a hybridbetween Verrnivora pinus and V. chrysoptera,displaying the face patternof V. pinus.It hasbeen recorded from the contactzone between the two speciesand from much of their nonbreedingdistributions (Parkes 1951). See commentsunder V. pinus.

Helminthophagacincinnatiensis Langdon. Cincinnati Warbler. Helrninthophagacincinnatiensis Langdon, 1880, J. CincinnatiSoc. Nat. Hist. 3: 119. (Madisonville, Hamilton Co., Ohio.) This warbler is regardedas a hybrid between Verrnivorapinus and Oporornisformosus (Ridgway 1880, McCamey 1950, Graves 1988).

Dendroica potomac Haller. Sutton'sWarbler. Dendroicapotomac Haller, 1940, Cardinal5: 50. (BerkeleyCounty, elev. 450 ft., twelve miles southof Martinsburg,West Virginia.) This warbler is generallyregarded as a hybrid betweenDendroica dorninicaand Parula americana (Brooks 1945, Morse 1989). Sightingshave been reportedfrom West Virginia, Virginia, District of Columbia,South Carolina, Florida, Indiana, and Texas(Carlson 1981).

Sylvia carbonata Audubon.Carbonated Warbler. Sylvia carbonataAudubon, 1829, Birds Amer. (folio), 1. pl. 60 (1831, Omithol. Biogr. 1, p. 308. (near Henderson,Kentucky.) The two birds representedin Audubon'sdescription and plate are probablyyoung Den- droica tigrina (Parkes 1985).

Sylvia montana Wilson. Blue Mountain Warbler. Sylvia montana Wilson, 1812, Amer. Omithol. 5: 113, pl. 44, fig 2. (near the Blue Mountains [Pennsylvania].) This form is known only from descriptionsand paintingsby Wilson of a bird from Pennsylvania(not Virginia, asoften stated)and by Audubonof a bird from California(Parkes 1985). They have not been identifiedwith certaintybut are not in the Old World genus Sylvia.

Sylvania microcephalaRidgway. Small-headedFlycatcher. Muscicaparninuta (not Gmelin, 1789) Wilson, 1812, Amer. Ornithol. 6: 62, pl. 50, fig. 5. (New Jersey.) Sylvaniarnicrocephala Ridgway, 1885, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 8: 354, New name for Muscicaparninuta Wilson, preoccupied. This bird is known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon,whose specimens were from New Jerseyand Kentucky,respectively (Parkes 1985). When Ridgway proposeda new name for rninuta,preoccupied in Muscicapa, he transferredit to the genusSylvania, a synonymof modemWilsonia, but genericplacement is uncertain;thus, we retainthe former genericdesignation. Sometimes called Small-headedWarbler (A.O.U. 1957).

Emberiza townsendii(Audubon). Townsend'sBunting. Ernberizatownsendii Audubon, 1834, Omithol. Biogr.2: 183. (near New Garden,Ches- ter County,Pennsylvania.) APPENDIX 703

Knownonly from the uniquetype, taken 11 May 1833 by JohnK. Townsend,this bird is oftentreated in thegenus $piza. Parkes (1985) suggestedthat it is a female$piza americana that lacks the normalcarotenoid pigment in its plumage.

Aegiothusbrewsterii Ridgway. Brewster'sLinnet. Aegiothus(fiavirostris var.) brewsteriiRidgway, 1872, Amer. Nat. 6: 433. (Waltham, Massachusetts.) Knownonly from the type, taken 1 November1870, this form is possiblya hybridbetween Carduelisfiammeus and C. pinus (Ridgway 1901).

FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

A Frenchname is providedfor eachspecies appearing in the main list andthe appendix of the 7th Editionof the Check-listof North AmericanBirds. Except for a few cases,the Frenchnames are thoseof the StandingCommittee on French Names of the Birds of the World (Commissioninternationale des nomsfranqais des oiseaux)(International Ornitho- logical Committee--I.O.C.), and derivedfrom the publication:NOMS FRANCAIS DES OISEAUXDU MONDE.1993. •ditions MultiMondes, Sainte-Foy, Qu6bec, Canada. 452 pages.Some French names have been addedor modifiedbecause of new taxonomicdecisions and reflect thesetaxonomic changes. They have been reviewedby the North American membersof the StandingCommittee on French Names and will be included in the next editionof the world list of Frenchnames. This list followsthe taxonomicsequence and arrangementof the Check-list.

TINAMIDAE PROCELLARIIDAE Tinamusmajor Grand Tinamou Fulmarus glacialis Fulmar bor6al Nothocercus Tinamoude Pterodromaneglecta P6trel des Kermadec bonapartei Bonaparte Pterodroma P6trel de la Trinit6 Crypturellussoul Tinamousoui arminjoniana du Sud Crypturellus Pterodromaultima P6trelde Murphy cinnamomeus Tinamou cannelle Pterodroma Crypturellus inexpectata P6trelmacu16 boucardi Tinamou de Boucard Pterodroma cahow P6trel des Bermudes Crypturelluskerriae Tinamou de Kerr Pterodroma hasitata P6trel diablotin Pterodroma externa P6trel de Juan GAVIIDAE Fernandez Pterodroma Gayla stellata Plongeoncatmarin phaeopygia P6trel des Galapagos Gaylaarctica Plongeonarctique Pterodroma Gayla pacifica Plongeondu cervicalis P6trel •t col blanc Pacifique Pterodroma Gayla iraruer Plongeonhuard hypoleuca P6treldes Bonin Gayla adamsii Plongeon/tbec blanc Pterodroma nigripennis P6trel/t ailes noires PODICIPEDIDAE Pterodroma cookii P6trel de Cook Tachybaptus Pterodroma dominicus Grebeminime longirostris P6trel de Stejneger Podilymbuspodiceps Grebe• bec bigarr6 Bulweriabulwerii P6trel de Bulwer Podilymbusgigas Grebe de l'Atitlan Bulweriafallax P6trel de Jouanin Podicepsauritus Grebe esclavon Procellaria Podicepsgrisegena Grebejougris parkinsoni Puffin de Parkinson Podicepsnigricollis Grebe/t cou noir Calonectris Aechmophorus leucomelas Puffin leucom•le occidentalis Grebe616gant Calonectrisdiomedea Puffincendr6 Aechmophorusclarkii Grebe h face blanche Puffinuscreatopus Puffin h piedsroses Puffinus carneipes Puffin •t piedsphles DIOMEDEIDAE Puffinus gravis Puffin majeur Thalassarche Puffinuspacificus Puffin fouquet Puffinus bulleri Puffin de Buller chlororhynchos Albatros•t nez jaune Thalassarche cauta Puffinus griseus Puffin fuligineux Albatros•t cape tenuirostris blanche Puffinus Puffin •t bec gr•le nativitatis Puffin de la Nativit6 Thalassarche Albatros •t sourcils Puffinus noirs Puffinuspuffinus Puffin des Anglais melanophris auricularis Puffin de Townsend Phoebetria Puffinus Puffinus opisthomelas Puffin cul-noir palpebrata Albatrosfuligineux lherminieri Puffin d'Audubon Diomedea exulans Albatros hurleur Puffinus assimilis Petit Puffin Phoebastria Puffinus immutabilis Albatrosde Laysan Phoebastria nigripes Albatros•t pieds HYDROBATIDAE noirs Oceanites oceanicus Oc6anite de Wilson Phoebastria albatrus Albatros•t queue Pelagodrornamarina Oc6anitefr6gate courte Hydrobatespelagicus Oc6anitetemp•te

705 706 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Oceanodromafurcata Oc6anite h queue lxobrychusexilis Petit Blongios fourchue Tigrisoma lineatum Onor6 ray6 Oceanodroma Tigrisomafasciaturn Onor6 fasci6 leucorhoa Oc6anite cul-blanc Tigrisoma Oceanodroma mexicanurn Onor6 du Mexique homochroa Oc6anite cendr6 Ardea herodias Grand H6ron Oceanodroma castro Oc6anite de Castro Ardea cinerea H6ron cendr6 Oceanodroma tethys Oc6anitet6thys Ardea cocoi H6ron cocoi Oceanodroma Ardea alba Grande Aigrette melania Oc6anite noir Egretta eulophotes Aigrette de Chine Oceanodroma Oc6anite de Egretta garzetta Aigrette garzette macrodactyla Guadalupe Egretta gularis Aigrette h gorge Oceanodroma Oc6anite de blanche markhami Markham Egretta thula Aigrette neigeuse Oceanodroma Egretta caerulea Aigrette bleue tristrami Oc6anite de Tristram Egretta tricolor Aigrette tricolore Oceanodroma Egretta rufescens Aigrette roussfitre microsoma Oc6anite minute Bubulcus ibis H6ron garde-boeufs Butorides virescens H6ron vert PHAETHONTIDAE Butorides striatus H6ron stri6 Phaethon lepturus Pha6tonh bec jaune Agamia agami H6ron agami Phaethon aethereus Pha6tonh bec rouge Pilherodius pileatus H6ron coiff6 Phaethon rubricauda Pha6ton h brins Nycticorax nycticorax Bihoreaugris rouges Nyctanassa violacea Bihoreau violac6 Cochlearius SULIDAE cochlearius Savacouhupp6 $ula dactylatra Fou masqu6 $ula nebouxii Fou h piedsbleus THRESKIORNITHIDAE $ula variegata Fou vari6 Eudocimus albus Ibis blanc $ula leucogaster Fou brun Eudocimus ruber Ibis rouge Sula sula Fou h pieds rouges Plegadisfalcinellus Ibis falcinelle Morus bassanus Fou de Bassan Plegadis chihi Ibis h face blanche Mesembrinibis PELECANIDAE cayennensis Ibis vert Pelecanus Theristicus caudatus Ibis mandore erythrorhynchos P61icand'Am6rique Ajaja ajaja Spatuleros6e Pelecanus occidentalis P61ican brun CICONIIDAE Jabiru mycteria Jabirud'Am6rique PHALACROCORACIDAE Mycteria americana Tantaled'Am6rique Phalacrocorax penicillatus Cormoran de Brandt CATHARTIDAE Phalacrocorax Coragypsatratus Urubu noir brasilianus Cormoranvigua Cathartesaura Urubu h t•te rouge Phalacrocorax Cathartes auritus Cormoranh aigrettes burrovianus Urubu h t•te jaune Phalacrocorax carbo Grand Cormoran Gymnogyps Phalacrocorax urile Cormoranh face californianus Condorde Californie rouge Sarcoramphuspapa Sarcorampheroi Phalacrocorax pelagicus Cormoranp61agique PHOENICOPTERIDAE Phoenicopterustuber Flamant rose ANHINGIDAE Anhinga anhinga Anhinga d'Am6rique ANATIDAE Dendrocygnaviduata Dendrocygneveuf FREGATIDAE Dendrocygna Dendrocygneh Fregata magnificens Fr6gate superbe autumnalis ventre noir Fregata minor Fr6gatedu Pacifique Dendrocygna Dendrocygnedes Fregata ariel Fr6gateariel arborea Antilles Dendrocygnabicolor Dendrocygnefauve ARDEIDAE Anserfabalis Oie des moissons Botauruspinnatus Butor mirasol Anser Botauruslentiginosus Butor d'Am6rique brachyrhynchus Oie h bec court lxobrychussinensis Blongiosde Chine Anser albifrons Oie rieuse FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 707

Anser erythropus Oie naine Nomonyx dominicus l•rismatureroutoutou Chen canagica Oie empereur Oxyura jamaicensis l•rismaturerousse Chen caerulescens Oie des neiges Chen rossii Oie de Ross ACCIPITRIDAE Branta canadensis Bernache du Canada Pandion haliaetus Branta sandvicensis Berrnache n6n6 Balbuzardpacheur Branta bernicla Bernache cravant Leptodon cayanensis Milan de Cayenne Chondrohierax Bernache nonnette Branta leucopsis uncinatus Milan bec-en-croc Cygnusolor Cygne tubercu16 Elanoidesforficatus Milan h queue Cygnus buccinator Cygne trompette fourchue Cygnuscolumbianus Cygne siffleur Gampsonyx Cygnuscygnus Cygne chanteur swainsonii Sarkidiornis l•lanionperle Elanus leucurus melanotos Canard h bosse l•lanionh queue blanche Neochenjubata Ouette de l'Or6noque Rostrhamus sociabilis Milan des marais Cairina moschata Canardmusqu6 Rostrhamus hamatus Milan h long bec Aix sponsa Canard branchu Harpagus bidentatus Milan bident6 Anas strepera Canardchipeau Ictinia Anasfalcata Canard h faucilles Canard siffleur mississippiensis Milan du Mississippi Anas penelope Milan bleu5tre Anas americana Ictinia plumbea Canardd'Am6rique Haliaeetus Canard noir Pygargue h tate Anas rubripes leucocephalus blanche Canard colvert Anas platyrhynchos Haliaeetus albicilla Canard brun Pygargueh queue Anasfulvigula blanche Anas wyvilliana Canard des Hawa'i Haliaeetuspelagicus Pygargueempereur Anas laysanensis Canardde Laysan Busarellusnigricollis Busarelle h t•te Canard h bec tachet6 Anas poecilorhyncha blanche Anas discors Sarcelle h ailes Circus cyaneus Busard Saint-Martin bleues Accipiter soloensis •pervierde Horsfield Sarcelle cannelle Anas cyanoptera Accipiter Canard souchet Anas clypeata superciliosus Anas bahamensis Canard des Bahamas E.'perviernain Accipiter striatus Anas acuta E.pervier brun Canardpilet Accipiter cooperil Sarcelle d'6t6 E.pervier de Cooper Anas querquedula Accipiter gundlachi E.pervier de Cuba Anas formosa Sarcelle616gante Accipiter bicolor Epervier bicolore Anas crecca Sarcelle d'hiver Accipiter gentilis Autour des palombes Aythya valisineria Fuligule h dos blanc Geranospiza Aythya americana Fuligule h t6te rouge caerulescens Buse 6chasse Aythya retina Fuligule milouin Leucopternis Aythya collaris Fuligule h collier plumbea Buse plomb6e Aythyafuligula Fuligule morillon Leucopternis Aythya marila Fuligule milouinan princeps Buse barr6e Aythya affinis Petit Fuligule Leucopternis Polysticta stelleri Eider de Steller semiplumbea Buse semiplomb6e Somateriafischeri Eider h lunettes Leucopternis Somateria spectabilis Eider h tate grise albicollis Buse blanche Somateria mollissima Eider h duvet Asturina nitida Buse cendr6e Histrionicus Buteogallus histrionicus Arlequin plongeur anthracinus Buse noire Camptorhynchus Buteogallussubtilis Buse des mangroves labradorius Eider du Labrador Buteogallus Melanitta Macreuse h front urubitinga Buse urubu perspicillata blanc Buteogallus Melanitta fusca Macreuse brune meridionalis Buse roussfitre Melanitta nigra Macreuse noire Parabuteo unicinctus Buse de Harris Clangula hyemalis Harelde kakawi Harpyhaliaetus Bucephalaalbeola Petit Garrot solitarius Buse solitaire Bucephalaclangula Garrot h oeil d'or Buteo magnirostris Buseh gros bec Bucephala islandica Garrot d'Islande Buteo lineatus Buseh 6paulettes Mergellus albellus Harle piette Buteo ridgwayi Buse de Ridgway Lophodytes Buteoplatypterus Petite Buse cucullatus Harle couronn6 Buteo brachyurus Buseh queue courte Mergus merganser Grand Harle Buteo swainsoni Buse de Swainson Mergus serrator Harle hupp6 Buteo albicaudatus Buseh queueblanche 708 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Buteo albonotatus Buseh queuebarr6e Perdix perdix Perdrixgrise Buteo solitarius Bused'Hawa¾ Coturnixjaponica Caille du Japon Buteo jamaicensis Buseh queuerousse Gallus gallus Coq bankiva Buteo regalis Buse rouilleuse Lophura Buteo lagopus Buse pattue leucomelanos Faisan leucom•le Morphnus guianensis Harpie hupp6e Phasianuscolchicus Faisande Colchide Harpia harpyja Harpie f•roce Pavo cristatus Paon bleu Aquila chrysaetos Aigle royal Bonasaumbellus G•linottehupp•e Spizastur Centrocercus melanoleucus Aigle noir et blanc urophasianus T•tras des armoises Spizaetustyrannus Aigle tyran Falcipennis Spizaetusornatus Aigle ore6 canadensis T•tras du Canada Lagopuslagopus Lagop•de des saules FALCONIDAE Lagopusmutus Lagop•de alpin Micrastur ruficollis Carnifexbarr• Lagopusleucurus Lagop•deh queue Micrastur blanche mirandollei Carnifex ardois6 Dendragapus Micrastur obscurus T6tras sombre semitorquatus Carnifex h collier Tympanuchus Daptrius americanus Caracarah gorge phasianellus T6tras h queue fine rouge Tympanuchuscupido T6tras des prairies Caracara plancus Caracarahupp6 Tympanuchus Milvago chimachima Caracarah t•te jaune pallidicinctus T6tras pale He rpetotheres Meleagris gallopavo Dindon sauvage cachinnans Macagua rieur Meleagris ocellata Dindon ocell6 Falco tinnunculus Faucon cr6cerelle Numida meleagris Pintade de Numidie Falco sparverius Cr6cerelle d'Am6rique ODONTOPHORIDAE Falco columbarius Faucon 6merillon Dendrortyx barbatus Colin barbu Falco subbuteo Faucon hobereau Dendrortyx macroura Colin h 1onguequeue Falco femoralis Faucon aplomado Dendrortyx Colin h sourcils Falco rufigularis Faucon des chauves- leucophrys blancs souris Falco deiroleucus Oreortyx pictus Colin des montagnes Faucon orang6 Callipepla squamata Colin 6cail16 Falco rusticolus Faucon gerfaut Callipepla douglasii Colin 616gant Falco peregrinus Faucon p•lerin Falco mexicanus Callipepla Faucon des prairies californica Colin de Califomie CRACIDAE Callipepla gambelii Colin de Gambel Colin barr6 Ortalis vetula Ortalide chacamel Philortyxfasciams Ortalis cinereiceps Ortalide h t•te grise Colinus virginianus Colin de Virginie Ortalis ruficauda Ortalide h ventre Colinus nigrogularis Colin h gorge noire Colinus cristatus roux Colin hupp6 Ortalis wagleri Ortalide h ventre Odontophorus marroB gujanensis Tocro de Guyane Ortalis poliocephala Ortalide de Wagler Odontophorus melanotis Tocro h face noire Ortalis leucogastra Ortalide h ventre blanc Odontophorus dialeucos Tocro du Panama Penelope Odontophorus purpurascens P6n61opepanach6e leucolaemus Chamaepetes Tocro h poitrine noire unicolor P6n61opeunicolore Odontophorus Tocro tachet6 Penelopina nigra P6n61opepajuil guttatus Oreophasisderbianus Or6ophasecomu Dactylortyx thoracicus Colin chanteur Crax rubra Grand Hocco Cyrtonyx PHASIANIDAE montezumae Colin arlequin Alectoris chukar Perdrix choukai Cyrtonyx ocellatus Colin ocell6 Francolinus Rhynchortyxcinctus Colin ceintur6 pondicerianus Francolin gris Francolinus RALLIDAE francolinus Francolin noir Coturnicops Francolinus erckelii Francolin d'Erckel noveboracensis R•le jaune Tetraogallus T6traogalle de Micropygia himalayensis l'Himalaya schomburgkii R•le ocell6 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 709

Laterallus ruber Rhle roux Charadrius wilsonia Pluvier de Wilson Laterallus albigularis Rhle • mentonblanc Charadriushiaticula Pluvier grand- Laterallus exilis Rhle gr•le gravelot Laterallus Charadrius jamaicensis Rfile noir semipalmatus Pluvier semipalm6 Crex crex Rfile des genats Charadriusmelodus Pluvier siffleur Rallus longirostris Rfile gris Charadrius dubius Pluvier petit-gravelot Rallus elegans Rfile 616gant Charadrius vociferus Pluvier kildir Rallus limicola Rfile de Virginie Charadriusmontanus Pluvier montagnard Aramides axillaris Rfile • cou roux Charadrius Aramides cajanea Rfile de Cayenne morinellus Pluvier guignard Amaurolimnas concolor Rhleconcolore HAEMATOPODIDAE Porzana palmeri MarouettedeLaysan Haematopus Porzana porzana Marouetteponctu6e ostralegus Huttrierpie Porzana carolina Marouettede Haematopuspalliatus Huttrier d'Am6rique Caroline Haematopus Porzana bachmani Huttrier de Bachman sandwichensis Marouette des Hawai' Porzana fiaviventer Marouette • sourcils blancs RECURVIROSTRIDAE Neocrex colombianus Rhlede Colombie Himantopus Neocrex erythrops Rhle• bec peint himantopus l•chasseblanche Cyanolimnascerverai Rhlede Zapata Himantopus Pardirallus mexicanus l•chassed'Am6rique maculatus Rhletachet6 Recurvirostra Porphyrula martinica Tal•veviolac6e americana Avocetted'Am6rique Porphyrula fiavirostris Tal•ve favorite JACANIDAE Gallinula chloropus Gallinule poule-d'eau Jacana spinosa Jacanadu Mexique Fulica atra Foulque macroule Jacana jacana Jacana noir Fulica alai Foulque des Hawa¾ Fulica americana Foulqued'Am6rique SCOLOPACIDAE Fulica caribaea Foulque •t cachet blanc Tringa nebularia Chevalier aboyeur Tringa melanoleuca Grand Chevalier Petit Chevalier HELIORNITHIDAE Tringa fiavipes Tringa stagnatilis Chevalier stagnatile Heliornisfulica Gr6bifoulque Tringa totanus Chevalier gambette d'Am6rique Tringa erythropus Chevalier arlequin EURYPYGIDAE Tringa glareola Chevalier sylvain Chevalier cul-blanc Eurypyga helias Caurale soleil Tringa ochropus Tringa solitaria Chevalier solitaire ARAMIDAE Catoptrophorus Aramus guarauna Courlan brun semipalmatus Chevalier semipalm6 Heteroscelus incanus Chevalier errant GRUIDAE Heteroscelusbrevipes Chevalier de Sib6rie Grus canadensis Grue du Canada Actitis hypoleucos Chevalier guignette Grus grus Grue cendr6e Actitis macularia Chevaliergrive16 Grus americana Grue blanche Xenus cinereus Chevalierbargette Bartramia Maubbche des BURHINIDAE longicauda champs Burhinus bistriatus Oedicn•me bistri6 Numenius minutus Courlis nain Numenius borealis Courlis esquimau CHARADRIIDAE Numeniusphaeopus Courlis corlieu Vanellus vanellus Vanneauhupp6 Numenius tahitiensis Courlis d'Alaska Vanellus chilensis Vanneau t6ro Numenius Pluvialis squatarola Pluvier argent6 madagascariensis Coudis de Sib6rie Pluvialis apricaria Pluvier dor6 Numenius tenuirostris Courlis h bec grale Pluvialis dominica Pluvier bronz6 Numenius arquata Courlis cendr6 Pluvialis fulva Pluvier fauve Numenius Charadrius mongolus Pluvier de Mongolie americanus Courlish long bec Charadrius collaris Pluvier d'Azara Limosa limosa Barge h queue noire Charadrius Pluvier • collier Limosa haemastica Barge hudsonienne alexandrinus interrompu Limosa lapponica Barge rousse 710 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Limosafedoa Barge marbr6e Larus atricilla Mouette atricille Arenaria interpres Tournepierreh collier Larus pipixcan Mouette de Franklin Arenaria Larus minutus Mouette pygm6e melanocephala Tournepierrenoir Larus ridibundus Mouette rieuse Aphriza virgata B6casseaudu ressac Larusphiladelphia Mouette de Calidris tenuirostris B6casseau de Bonaparte l'Anadyr Larus heermanni Go61and de Calidris canutus B6casseau maub•che Heermann Calidris alba B6casseausanderling Larus modestus Go61andgris Calidris pusilla B6casseausemipalm6 Larus belcheri Go61and sim6on Calidris mauri B6casseaud'Alaska Larus crassirostris Go61andh queue Calidris ruficollis B6casseau h col roux noire Calidris minuta B6casseauminute Larus canus Go61and cendr6 Calidris temminckii B6casseaude Larus delawarensis Go61and h bec cerc16 Temminck Laruscalifornicus Go61and de Calidris subminuta B6casseauh longs Californie doigts Larusargentatus Go61andargent6 Calidris minutilla B6casseauminuscule Laruscachinnans Go61andleucoph6e Calidris fuscicollis B6casseauh croupion Larusthayeri Go61andde Thayer blanc Larusglaucoides Go61andarctique Calidris bairdii B6casseaudeBaird Larusfuscus Go61and brun Calidris melanotos B6casseauhpoitrine Larusschistisagus Go61and h manteau cendr6e ardois6 Calidris acuminata B6casseauh queue Laruslivens Go61and de Cortez pointue Larusoccidentalis Go61and d'Audubon Calidris maritima B6casseauviolet Larusglaucescens Go61and h ailes Calidris ptilocnemis B6casseau des A16outiennes grises B6casseau variable Larus hyperboreus Go61andbourgmestre Calidris alpina Larus marinus Go61and marin B6casseau cocorli Calidrisferruginea Xema sabini Mouette de Sabine Calidris himantopus B6casseau h 6chasses Rissa tridactyla Mouette tridactyle Eurynorhynchus Rissa brevirostris Mouette des brumes pygmeus B6casseauspatule Mouette ros6e Limicola falcinellus B6casseaufalcinelle Rhodostethiarosea Mouette blanche Tryngites Pagophila eburnea Sterne hansel subruficollis B6casseaurouss•tre Sternanilotica Philomachuspugnax Combattantvari6 Sternacaspia Sterne caspienne Limnodromusgriseus B6cassinroux Sternamaxima Sterne royale Limnodromus Sterna elegans Sterne 616gante scolopaceus B6cassinhlong bec Sternabergii Sterne hupp6e L ymnocryptes Sterna sandvicensis Sterne caugek minimus B6cassinesourde Sternadougallii Sternede Dougall Gallinago gallinago B6cassinedes marais Sterna hitundo Sternepierregarin Gallinago stenura B6cassineh queue Sternaparadisaea Sterne arctique pointue Sternaforsteri Sterne de Forster Scolopaxrusticola B6cassedes bois Sterna albifrons Sterne naine Scolopaxminor B6cassed'Am6rique Sternaantillarum Petite Sterne Phalaropus tricolor Phalaropede Wilson Sterna superciliaris Sterneargent6e Phalaropus lobatus Phalaropeh bec 6troit Sterna aleutica Sterne des Phalaropusfulicaria Phalaropeh bec large A16outiennes Sterna lunata Sterneh dos gris GLAREOLIDAE Sterna anaethetus Sterne brid6e Glareola maldivarum Glar6ole orientale Sterna fuscata Sternefuligineuse Phaetusa simplex Sterneh gros bec LARIDAE Chlidonias Catharactaskua GrandLabbe leucopterus Guifette leucopt•re Catharacta Chlidoniashybridus Guifette moustac maccormicki Labbe de McCormick Chlidoniasniger Guifette noire Stercorarius Larosterna inca Sterne inca pomarinus Labbepomarin Anousstolidus Noddi brun Stercorarius Anous minutus Noddi noir parasiticus Labbeparasite Procelsternacerulea Noddi bleu Stercorarius Labbeh longue Gygisalba Gygis blanche longicaudus queue Rynchopsniger Bec-en-ciseaux noir FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 711

ALCIDAE Zenaida auriculata Tourterelle oreillarde Alle alle Mergule nain Zenaida macroura Tourterelle triste Uria aalge Guillemotmarmette Zenaidagraysoni Tourterelle de Uria lomvia Guillemot de Socorro Briinnich Ectopistes Alca torda Petit Pingouin migratorius Tourte voyageuse Pinguinusimpennis Grand Pingouin Columbinainca Colombe inca Cepphusgrylle Guillemot•t miroir Columbinapasserina Colombe h queue Cepphuscolumba Guillemot colombin noire Brachyramphus Columbina minuta Colombe pygm6e perdix Guillemot•t longbec Columbinatalpacoti Colombe rousse Brachyramphus Claravispretiosa Colombe bleut6e marmoratus Guillemot marbr6 Claravis mondetoura Colombe mond6tour Brachyramphus Leptotilaverreauxi Colombe de Verreaux brevirostris Guillemotde Kittlitz Leptotilarufaxilla Colombeh front gris Synthliboramphus Leptotilawellsi Colombe de Grenade hypoleucus Guillemotde Xantus Leptotilajamaicensis Colombe de la Synthliboramphus JamaYque craveri Guillemotde Craveri Leptotila cassini Colombe de Cassin Synthliboramphus Guillemoth cou Geotrygon antiquus blanc veraguensis Colombede Veragua Ptychoramphus Geotrygonchrysia Colombeh joues aleuticus Stariquede Cassin blanches Aethiapsittacula Stariqueperroquet Geotrygonmystacea Colombe h croissants Aethiapusilla Stariqueminuscule Geotrygonalbifacies Colombedes nuages Aethiapygmaea Stariquepygm6e Geotrygon Aethiacristatella Stariquecristatelle chiriquensis Colombe du Chiriqui Cerorhinca Geotrygoncarrikeri Colombe de Tuxtla monocerata Macareuxrhinoc6ros Geotrygonlawrencii Colombe de Fratercula arctica Macareux moine Lawrence Fratercula Geotrygon Colombe du Costa corniculata Macareux cornu costaricensis Rica Fraterculacirrhata Macareuxhupp6 Geotrygongoldmani Colombe de Goldman PTEROCLIDIDAE [Incertae sedis] Geotrygon caniceps Colombe de Pteroclesexustus Gangah ventrebrun Gundlach Geotrygon versicolor Colombe versicolore COLUMBIDAE Geotrygon violacea Colombeh nuque violette Columbalivia Pigeonbiset Colombe rouviolette Columbacayennensis Pigeonrousset Geotrygon montana Starnoenas Columbaspeciosa Pigeonramiret Colombe h t•te bleue Columbasquamosa Pigeonh cou rouge cyanocephala Columba Pigeon•t couronne leucocephala blanche PSITTACIDAE Columbafiavirostris Pigeonh bec rouge Melopsittacus Columbainornata Pigeonsimple undulatus Perruche ondul6e Columbafasciata Pigeon•t queue Psittacula krameri Perruche •t collier barr6e Pyrrhura picta Conure versicolore Columbacaribaea Pigeonde la Pyrrhura hoffrnanni Conure de Hoffmann JamaYque Myiopsitta monachus Conure veuve Columbasubvinacea Pigeonvineux Conuropsis Columbanigrirostris Pigeonh bec noir carolinensis Conure de Caroline Streptopelia Aratinga holochlora Conure verte orientalis Tourtereiie orientale Aratinga strenua oConure de Ridgway Streptopelia risoria Tourterelle rieuse Aratinga finschi Conure de Finsch Streptopelia turtur Tourterelle des bois Aratinga chloroptera Conure ma•tresse Streptopeliadecaocto Tourterelleturque Aratinga euops Conure de Cuba Streptopelia Aratinga nana Conure naine chinensis Tourterelletigrine Aratinga canicularis Conure h front rouge Geopeliastriata G6op61iez6br6e Aratinga pertinax Conure cuivr6e Zenaida asiatica Tourterelle h ailes Ara severa Ara vert blanches Ara militaris Ara militaire Zenaida aurita Tourterelleh queue Ara ambigua Ara de Buffon carr6e Ara chloropterus Ara chloropt•re 712 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Ara macao Ara rouge Saurothera Ara tricolor Ara tricolore longirostris Taccod'Hispaniola Ara ararauna Ara bleu Saurothera vieilloti Tacco de Porto Rico Rhynchopsitta Hyetornisrufigularis Piaye cabrite pachyrhyncha Conureh grosbec Hyetornispluvialis Piaye de pluie Rhynchopsittaterrisi Conure h front brun Piaya cayana Piaye 6cureuil Bolborhynchus Piaya minuta Petit Piaye lineola Toui catherine Tapera naevia G6ocoucou tachet6 Forpuspasserinus Toui 6t6 Dromococcyx Forpuscyanopygius Toui du Mexique phasianellus G6ocoucou faisan Forpus conspicillatus Toui h lunettes Morococcyx G6ocoucou de Brotogerisjugularis Toui h mentond'or erythropygus Lesson Brotogeris Geococcyxvelox G6ocoucou v61oce versicolurus Toui h ailes vari6es Geococcyx Touit costaricensis Toui du CostaRica californianus Grand G6ocoucou Touit dilectissima Toui h front bleu Neomorphus G6ocoucou de Pionopsittapyrilia Ca'iquede Bonaparte geoffroyi Geoffroy Pionopsitta Crotophagamajor Ani des pa16tuviers haematotis CaYqueh capuchon Crotophagaani Ani h bec lisse Pionusmenstruus Pioneh t•te bleue Crotophaga Pionus senilis Pione h couronne sulcirostris Ani h bec cannel6 blanche Amazonaalbifrons Amazoneh front blanc TYTONIDAE Amazonaxantholora Amazonedu Yucatan Tytoalba Effraie des clochers Amazona Tytoglaucops Effraie d'Hispaniola leucocephala Amazonede Cuba Amazona collaria Amazone sasab6 STRIGIDAE Amazonaventralis Amazone Otusfiammeolus Petit-duc nain d'Hispaniola Otus sunia Petit-duc d'Orient Amazona vittata Amazonede Porto Otus kennicottii Petit-duc des Rico montagnes Amazonaagilis Amazoneverte Otus asio Petit-duc macu16 Amazona Amazoneh joues Otusseductus Petit-duc du Balsas viridigenalis vertes Otuscooperi Petit-ducde Cooper Amazonafinschi Amazoneh couronne Otustrichopsis Petit-duc h lilas moustaches Amazonaautumnalis Amazonediad•me Otuscholiba Petit-duc choliba Amazonafarinosa Amazonepoudr6e Otusbarbarus Petit-duc brid6 Amazonaoratrix Amazoneh t•te jaune Otusguatemalae Petit-duc Amazona Amazone h nuque guat6maltbque auropalliata d'or Otusclarkii Petit-duc de Clark Amazona Amazoneh front Otusnudipes Petit-duc de Porto ochrocephala jaune Rico Amazonaarausiaca Amazonede Bouquet Otuslawrencii Petit-duc de Cuba Amazonaversicolor AmazonedeSainte- Lophostrixcristata Duc h aigrettes Lucie Pulsatrix Amazonaguildingii AmazonedeSaint- perspicillata Chouette h lunettes Vincent Bubovirginianus Grand-duc Amazonaimperialis Amazone imp•riale d'Am6rique Nyctea scandiaca Harfang des neiges CUCULIDAE Surnia ulula Chouette6pervibre Cuculus canorus Coucougris Glaucidiumgnoma Chev•chette naine Cuculus saturatus Coucou oriental Glaucidiumjardinii Chev•chette des Coccyzus Andes erythropthalmus Coulicou •t bec noir Glaucidium Chevachette h t•te Coccyzusamericanus Coulicou h bec jaune griseiceps grise Coccyzuseuleri Coulicou d'Euler Glaucidium sanchezi Chev•chette du Coccyzusminor Coulicou manioc Tamaulipas Coccyzusferrugineus Coulicou de Cocos Glaucidium Chev•chette du Coccyzus palmarum Colima melacoryphus Coulicou de Vieillot Glaucidium Saurothera merlini Tacco de Cuba brasilianum Chev•chette brune $aurothera vetula Taccode la Jama'ique Glaucidiumsiju Chev•chette de Cuba FRENCHNAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 713

Micrathene whitneyi Chev•chette des Caprimulgusindicus Engouleventjotaka saguaros Athene cunicularia Chevache des terriers NYCTIBIIDAE Ciccaba virgata Chouette mouchet6e Nyctibiusgrandis Grand Ibijau Ciccaba nigrolineata Chouetteh lignes Nyctibius griseus Ibijau gris noires Nyctibiusjamaicensis Ibijau jamaicain Strix occidentalis Chouette tachet6e Strix varia Chouetteray6e STEATORNITHIDAE Strixfulvescens Chouette fauve Steatornis caripensis Guacharo des Strix nebulosa Chouette lapone cavernes Asio otus Hibou moyen-duc Asio stygius Hibou ma•tre-bois APODIDAE Asio fiammeus Hibou des marais Cypseloidesniger Martinet sombre Pseudoscops Cypseloidesstoreri Martinet de Storer clamator Hibou stri6 Cypseloidescryptus Martinet h menton Pseudoscops blanc grammicus Hibou de la Jama'ique Cypseloidescherriei Martinet h points Aegoliusfunereus Nyctale de Tengmalm blancs Aegoliusacadicus Petite Nyctale Streptoprocnerutila Martinet h collier Aegoliusridgwayi Nyctale immacu16e roux Streptoprocnezonaris Martinet h collier CAPRIMULGIDAE blanc Lurocalis Engouleventh queue Streptoprocne Martinet a nuque semitorquatus courte semicollaris blanche Chordeiles Chaetura pelagica Martinet ramoneur acutipennis Engouleventminime Chaetura vauxi Martinet de Vaux Chordeiles minor Engoulevent Chaetura chapmani Martinet de Chapman d'Am6rique Chaetura brachyura Martinet polioure Chordeiles Engoulevent Chaetura andrei Martinet d'Andr6 gundlachii piramidig Chaetura spinicauda Martinet spinicaude Nyctidromus Engoulevent Chaetura Martinet •t croupion albicollis pauraqu6 cinereiventris gris Phalaenoptilus Engouleventde Chaetura martinica Martinet chiquesol nuttallii Nuttall Hirundapus Siphonorhis Engouleventde la caudacutus Martinet 6pineux americanus Jam•que Aerodramus bartschi Salanganede Guam Siphonorhisbrewsteri Engoulevent Apus apus Martinet noir grouil16cor Apus pacificus Martinet de Sib6rie Nyctiphrynus Apus melba Martinet •t ventre mcleodii Engoulevemazt•que blanc Nyctiphrynus Engouleventdu Aeronautes saxatalis Martinet h gorge yucatanicus Yucatan blanche Nyctiphrynus Panyptila ocellatus Engouleventocell6 cayennensis Martinet de Cayenne Caprimulgus Engouleventde Panyptila Martinet de San carolinensis Caroline sanctihieronymi Geronimo Caprimulgusrufus Engouleventroux Tachornis Caprimulgus Engouleventpeut-on- phoenicobia Martinet petit-roll6 cubanensis voir Caprimulgussalvini Engouleventde TROCHILIDAE Salvin Glaucis aenea Ermite bronz6 Caprimulgusbadius Engouleventmaya Glaucis hirsuta Ermite hirsute Caprimulgus Engouleventde Threnetes ruckeri Ermite de Rucker ridgwayi Ridgway Phaethornisguy Ermite vert Caprimulgus Engouleventbois- Phaethornis vociferus pourri superciliosus Ermite h brins blancs Caprimulgus Engouleventde Porto Phaethornis noctitherus Rico anthophilus Ermite anthophile Caprimulgus Engoulevent Phaethornis saturatus montagnard longuemareus Ermite nain Caprimulgus Eutoxeresaquila Bec-en-faucilleaigle cayennensis Engouleventcor6 Androdon Caprimulgus Engoulevent• queue aequatorialis Colibri d'6quateur maculicaudus 6toi16e Doryfera ludovicae Porte-lance de Louise 714 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Phaeochroa cuvieri Colibri de Cuvier Lepidopyga Campylopterus Campylopt•re h coeruleogularis Colibri faux-saphir curvipennis queue large Hylocharis grayi Saphirulysse Campylopterus Campylopt•re de Hylocharis eliciae Saphir d'Elicia excellens Wetmore Hylocharis leucotis Saphir h oreilles Campylopterusrufus Campylopt•re roux blanches Campylopterus Hylocharis xantusii Saphir de Xanms hemileucurus Campylopt•reviolet Goldmania violiceps Colibri • calotte Florisuga mellivora Colibri jacobin violette Colibri delphinae Colibri de Delphine Goethalsia bella Colibri du Pirr6 Colibri thalassinus Colibri thalassin Trochiluspolytmus Colibri • t•te noire Anthracothorax Amazilia candida Ariane candide prevostii Mango de Pr6vost Amazilia luciae Ariane de Lucy Anthracothorax Mango h cravate Amazilia amabilis Ariane aimable nigricollis noire Amazilia decora Ariane charmante Anthracothorax Amazilia boucardi Ariane de Boucard veraguensis Mango de Veragua Amazilia Ariane • couronne Anthracothorax cyanocephala azur dominicus Mango dor6 Amazilia cyanifrons Ariane • front bleu Anthracothorax Amazilia beryllina Ariane b•ryl viridis Mango vert Amazilia cyanura Ariane h queue bleue Anthracothorax Mango de la Amazilia saucerrottei Ariane de Sophie mango Jama'ique Amazilia edward Ariane d'Edward Eulampisjugularis Colibri mad•re Amazilia tzacatl Ariane h ventregris Eulampis Amazilia holosericeus Colibri falle-vert yucatanensis Ariane du Yucatan Chrysolampis Amazilia rutila Ariane cannelle mosquitus Colibri rubis-topaze Amazilia violiceps Ariane h couronne Orthorhyncus violette cristatus Colibri hupp6 Amazilia viridifrons Ariane h front vert Klais guimeti Colibri h t•te violette Eupherusa eximia Colibri h 6paulettes Abeillia abeillei Colibri d'Abeil16 Eupherusa Lophornis cyanophrys Colibri d'Oaxaca brachylopha Coquette du Guerrero Eupherusapoliocerca Colibri du Guerrero Lophornis delattrei Coquettede Delattre Eupherusa Lophornis helenae Coquette d'H61•ne nigriventris Colibri h ventre noir Lophornisadorabilis Coquette adorable Elvira chionura Colibri elvire Discosura conversii Coquette h queue fine Elvira cupreiceps Colibri h t•te cuivr6e Chlorostilbon Microchera Colibri h coiffe auriceps l•meraudecouronn6e albocoronata blanche Chlorostilbon l•meraudede Chalybura buffonii Colibri de Buffon forficatus Cozumel Chalybura urochrysia Colibri h queue Chlorostilbon bronz6e canivetii l•meraudede Canivet Lampornis Chlorostilbon viridipallens Colibri vert-d'eau assimilis l•meraudedu Panama Lampornissybillae Colibri de Sybil Chlorostilbon Lampornis Colibri h gorge ricordii l•meraudede Ricord amethystinus am6thyste Chlorostilbon bracei l•meraudede New Lampornis Providence clemenciae Colibri h gorgebleue Chlorostilbon l•me•aude Lampornis swainsonii d'Hispaniola hemileucus Colibri h gorgelilas Chlorostilbon l•meraudede Porto Lampornis calolaema Colibri h gorge maugaeus Rico pourpr6e Cynanthussordidus Colibri sombre Lampornis Colibri h ventre Cynanthuslatirostris Colibri circ• castaneoventris chfitain Cyanophaiabicolor Colibri h t•te bleue Lamprolaima rhami Colibri h gorge Thalurania ridgwayi Dryade du Mexique grenat Thalurania Heliodoxa jacula Brillant fer-de-lance colombica Dryade couronn6e Eugenesfulgens Colibri de Rivoli Thalurania fannyi Dryade de Fanny Haplophaedia Panterpe insignis Colibri insigne aureliae l•rione d'Aur61ie Damophila julie Colibri julie Heliothryx barroti Colibri f66rique FRENCHNAMES OF NORTH AMERICANBIRDS 715

Heliomaster Todus mexicanus Todier de Porto Rico longirostris Colibri corinne Heliomaster MOMOTIDAE constantii Colibri de Constant Hylomanes momotula Motmot nain Calliphlox evelynae Colibri des Bahamas Aspatha gularis Motmot h gorge Calliphlox bryantae Colibri magenta bleue Calliphlox mitchellii Colibri de Mitchell Momotus mexicanus Motmot h t•te rousse Doricha enicura Colibri h queue Momotus momota Motmot houtouc singuli•re Baryphthengusmartii Motmot roux Doricha eliza Colibri 61ise Electron carinaturn Motmot h bec caren6 Tilmatura dupontii Colibri z6m•s Electron Calothoraxlucifer Colibri lucifer platyrhynchum Motmot a bec large Calothorax pulcher Colibri charmant Eumomota Motmot a soumils Archilochus colubris Colibri h gorge rubis superciliosa bleus Archilochus alexandri Colibri h gorge noire ALCEDINIDAE Mellisuga minima Colibri nain Ceryle torquata Martin-p•cheurh Mellisuga helenae Colibri d'Helen ventre roux Calypte anna Colibri d'Anna Ceryle alcyon Martin-p•cheur Calypte costae Colibri de Costa d'Am6rique Stellula calliope Colibri calliope Chloroceryle Martin-p•cheur Arthis heloisa Colibri h61o'ise amazona d'Amazonie Atthis ellioti Colibri d'Elliot Chloroceryle Selasphorus americana Martin-p•cheur vert platycercus Colibri h queuelarge Chloroceryle inda Martin-p•cheur Selasphorusrufus Colibri roux bicolore Selasphorussasin Colibri d'Allen Chloroceryle aenea Martin-p•cheur nain Selasphorusfiammula Colibri flammule Selasphorusardens Colibri ardent BUCCONIDAE Selasphorusscintilla Colibri scintillant Nystalus radiatus Tamatia barr6 Notharchus TROGONIDAE macrorhynchos Tamatia h gros bec Priotelus temnurus Trogonde Cuba Notharchus Priotelus roseigaster Trogon damoiseau pectoralis Tamatia h plastron Trogon Notharchus tectus Tamatia pie melanocephalus Trogon h t•te noire Malacoptila Tamatia de Trogon citreolus Trogon citrin panamensis Lafresnaye Trogon viridis Trogon h queue Micromonacha blanche lanceolata Barbacou lanc6o16 Trogon bairdii Trogonde Baird Nonnula ruficapilla Barbacou h couronne Trogon violaceus Trogon violac6 rousse Trogon mexicanus Trogon montagnard Monasa morphoeus Barbacou h front Trogon elegans Trogon 616gant blanc Trogon collaris Trogon rosalba Trogon Trogon h ventre GALBULIDAE aurantiiventris orange Brachygalba salmoni Jacamar sombre Trogon rufus Trogon aurore Galbula ruficauda Jacamarh queue Trogon melanurus Trogon h queuenoire rousse Trogon massena Trogonde Mass6na Jacamerops aurea Grand Jacamar Trogon clathratus Trogon6chelette Euptilotis neoxenus Trogon oreillard RAMPHASTIDAE Pharomachrus Capito Cab6zon h calotte auriceps Quetzal dor6 maculicoronatus tachet6e Pharomachrus Quetzal Eubucco bourcierii Cab6zon h t•te rouge mocinno resplendissant Semnornisfrantzii Cab6zon de Frantzius UPUPIDAE Aulacorhynchus Toucanet 6meraude Upupa epops Huppe fasci6e prasinus Pteroglossus TODIDAE torquatus Araqari h collier Todus multicolor Todier de Cuba Pteroglossusfrantzii Araqari de Frantzius Todus subulatus Todier h bec large Selenidera spectabilis Toucanet h oreilles Todus angustirostris Todier h bec 6troit d'or Todus todus Todier de la Ramphastos Jama'ique sulfuratus Toucan h car•ne 716 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Ramphastos Piculus auricularis Pic h t•te grise swainsonii Toucan de Swainson Colaptespunctigula Pic de Cayenne Colaptes auratus Pic flamboyant PICIDAE Colaptes chrysoides Pic chryso•de Jynx torquilla Torcol fourmilier Colaptesfernandinae Pic de Fernandina Picumnus olivaceus Picumne oliv•tre Celeus loricatus Pic cannelle Nesoctites Celeus castaneus Pic roux micromegas Picumne des Antilles Dryocopuslineatus Pic ouentou Melanerpeslewis Pic de Lewis Dryocopuspileatus Grand Pic Melanerpes Campephilus herminieri Pic de la Guadeloupe haernatog aste r Pic superbe Melanerpes Campephilus portoricensis Pic de Porto Rico melanoleucos Pic de Malherbe Melanerpes Campephilus erythrocephalus Pic •t t•te rouge guatemalensis Pic• bec clair Melanerpes Campephilus Pic h bec ivoire formicivorus Pic glandivore principalis Melanerpes Campephilus chrysauchen Pic masqu6 imperialis Pic imp6rial Melanerpes FURNARIIDAE pucherani Pic de Pucheran Synallaxisalbescens Synallaxe albane Melanerpesstriatus Pic d'Hispaniola Synallaxisbrachyura Synallaxe ardois6 Melanerpes Synallaxis Synallaxe•t poitrine radiolatus Pic de la Jamai/que erythrothorax rousse Melanerpes Cranioleuca Synallaxe• face chrysogenys Pic 616gant erythrops rouge Melanerpes Cranioleuca vulpina Synallaxe renard hypopolius Pic alezan Xenerpestesminlosi Queue-grisedes Melanerpes feuilles pygmaeus Pic du Yucatan Premnoplex Melanerpes brunnescens Anabasitte tachet6e rubricapillus Pic •t couronnerouge Margarornis bellulus Anabasittesuperbe Melanerpes Margarornis uropygialis Pic des saguaros rubiginosus Anabasitte rousse Melanerpes Pseudocolaptes hoffmannii Pic de Hoffman lawrencii Anabate chamois Melanerpesaurifrons Pic h front dor6 Hyloctistessubulatus Anabate forestier Melanerpes carolinus Pic h ventre roux Syndactylasubalaris Anabate verget6 Melanerpes Anabacerthia superciliaris Pic h sourcilsnoirs variegaticeps Anabate h lunettes Sphyrapicus Philydorfuscipennis Anabateh croupion thyroideus Pic de Williamson roux Sphyrapicusvarius Pic macul• Philydor rufus Anabate roux Sphyrapicusnuchalis Pic h nuquerouge Automolus Anabateh gorge Sphyrapicusruber Pic h poitrinerouge ochrolaemus fauve Xiphidiopicus Automolus percussus Pic poignard• rubiginosus Anabate rubigineux Dendrocoposmajor Pic •peiche Thripadectes Picoidesscalaris Pic arlequin rufobrunneus Anabate des ravins Picoides nuttallii Pic de Nuttall Xenops minutus Sittine brune Picoidespubescens Pic mineur Xenops rutilans Sittine stri6e Picoides villosus Pic chevelu Sclerurus mexicanus Sc16rure•t gorge Picoides stricklandi Pic de Strickland rousse Picoides borealis Pic h face blanche Sclerurusalbigularis Sc16rureh gorge Picoides albolarvatus Pic h t•te blanche grise Picoidestridactylus Pic tridactyle Sclerurus Picoides arcticus Pic h dos noir guatemalensis Sc16rure 6cail16 Lochmias nematura Picerthie de Saint- Veniliornisfumigatus Pic enfum• Hilaire Veniliorniskirkii Pic h croupionrouge Piculus simplex Pic h ailes rousses DENDROCOLAPTIDAE Piculus callopterus Pic brid6 Dendrocincla Piculus fuliginosa Grimpar enfum6 chrysochloros Pic vert-dor• Dendrocincla Grimpar • ailes Piculus rubiginosus Pic or-olive anabatina rousses FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 717

Dendrocincla Herpsilochmus homochroa Grimpar roux rufimarginatus Grisin •t ailes rousses Sittasomus Microrhopias griseicapillus Grimpar fauvette quixensis Grisin 6toi16 Deconychura Grimpar •t longue Formicivora grisea Grisin de Cayenne longicauda queue Terenura callinota Grisin •t croupion Glyphorynchus roux spirurus Grimpar bec-en-coin Cercomacra Xiphocolaptes tyrannina Grisin sombre promero- Cercomacra pirhynchus Grimpar g6ant nigricans Grisin de jais Dendrocolaptes Gymnocichla sanctihomae Grimpar vermicu16 nudiceps Alapi •t t•te nue Dendrocolaptes Myrmeciza longipes Alapi •t ventre blanc picumnus Grimpar vari6 Myrmeciza exsul Alapi •t dos roux Xiphorhynchuspicus Grimpar talapiot Myrmeciza Xiphorhynchus laemosticta Alapi tabac $usurran$ Grimpar cacao Myrmeciza Xiphorhynchus immaculata Alapi immacu16 flavi gaste r Grimpar h bec ivoire Hylophylax Xiphorhynchus naevioides Fourmilier grive16 lachrymosus Grimpar mail16 Myrmornis torquata Palicour de Cayenne Xiphorhynchus Gymnopithys Fourmilier •t joues blanches erythropygius Grimpar tachet6 leucaspis Phaenostictus Lepidocolaptes mcleannani Fourmilier ocell6 leucogaster Grimpar givr6 Lepidocolaptes souleyetii Grimpar de Souleyet FORMICARIIDAE Lepidocolaptesaffinis Grimpar mouchet6 Formicarius analis T6t6ma coq-de-bois Campylorhamphus Formicarius trochilirostris Grimpar •t bec rouge nigricapillus T6t6ma h t•te noire Campylorhamphus Formicarius T6t6ma h poitrine pusillus Grimpar •t bec brun rufipectus rousse Pittasoma michleri Grallaire h t•te noire Grailaria THAMNOPHILIDAE guatimalensis Grallaire 6cail16e Cymbilaimuslineatus Batara fasci6 Hylopezus Taraba major Grand Batara perspicillatus Grallaire •t lunettes Thamnophilus Hylopezusdives Grallaire buissonni•re doliatus Batara ray6 Grallaricula Thamnophilus fiavirostris Grallaire ocr6e nigriceps Batara noir Thamnophilus RHINOCRYPTIDAE bridgesi Batara capucin Scytalopus Thamnophilus panamensis M6rulaxe du Panama atrinucha Batara h nuque noire Scytalopus Xenornis setifrons Batara masqu6 chocoensis M6rulaxe du Choco Thamnistes Scytalopus anabatirius Batara rousset argentifrons M6rulaxe argent6 Dysithamnusmentalis Batara gorgeret Dysithamnus TYRANNIDAE striaticeps Batara stri6 Ornithion semifiavum Tyranneauh ventre Dysithamnus jaune puncticeps Bataraponctu6 Ornithion Tyranneauh t•te Myrmotherula brunneicapillum brune brachyura Myrmidon pygm6e Camptostoma Myrmotherula Myrmidon du imberbe Tyranneauimberbe surinamensis Surinam Camptostoma Myrmotherula obsoletum Tyranneaupassegris fulviventris Myrmidon fauve Phaeomyiasmurina Tyranneausouris Myrmotherula Myrmidon h flancs Nesotriccusridgwayi Tyranneaude Cocos axillaris blancs Capsiempisfiaveola Tyranneauflav6ole Myrmotherula Tyrannuluselatus Tyranneauroitelet schisticolor Myrmidon ardois6 Myiopagis gaimardii E16nie de Gaimard 718 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Myiopagis caniceps l•16niegrise Terenotriccus Moucherolle Myio_pagiscotta }•16niede la erythrurus rougequeue Jama'ique Myiobiusvillosus Moucherolle h6riss6 Myio_pagisviridicata •16nieverd•tre Myiobius Moucherolle h Elaenia martinica •16niesiffleuse sul_phureipygius croupionjaune Elaenia fiavogaster l•16nieh ventrejaune Myiobiusatricaudus Moucherolleh queue Elaenia chiriquensis l•16niemenue noire Elaenia frantzii l•16niemontagnarde Myiophobusfasciatus Moucherolle fasci6 Elaenia fallax l•16niesara Lathrotriccuseuleri Moucherolle d'Euler Ser_po_phagacinerea Tyranneaudes Aphanotriccus Moucherolle h torrents capitalis poitrine fauve Mionectes olivaceus Pipromorpheolive Aphanotriccusaudax Moucherolle h bec Mionectes oleagineus Pipromorphe noir rouss•tre Xenotriccus Lepto_pogon Pipromorpheh t•te callizonus Moucherolle ceintur6 amauroce_phalus brune Xenotriccus Le_pto_pogon PipromQrphe/ttgte mexicanus Moucherolle azt•que superciliaris grise Mitrephanes Phylloscartes phaeocercus Moucherollehupp6 fiavovirens Tyranneaujaune-vert Conto_puscoo_peri Moucherolle h c6t6s olive Phylloscartes Tyranneauh sourcils Moucherolle de su_perciliaris roux Conto_puspertinax Coues Phyllomyias Moucherolle ombr6 burmeisteri Tyranneaupattu Contopuslugubris Moucherolle ocr6 Phyllomyias Conto_pusochraceus Pioui de l'Ouest griseiceps Tyranneaunain Conto_pussordidulus Pioui de l'Est Zimmerius vilissimus Tyranneau Conto_pusvirens Moucherolle cendr6 gobemoucheron Contopuscinereus Moucherolle t•te-fou Sublegatusarenarum Tyranneaudes Conto_puscaribaeus pa16tuviers Conto_puspallidus Moucherolle de la Pseudotriccus Jamai'que Moucherolle pelzelni Tyranneaubronz6 Conto_pus d'Hispaniola Myiornis atrica_pillus Microtyranhcalotte his_paniolensis noire Contopuslatirostris Moucherolle gobemouche Lophotriccuspileatus Microtyranchevelu Em_pidonax Moucherolle h ventre Lo_photriccuspilaris j aune Oncostoma Microtyrancoiff6 fiaviventris Tyranneauhbec Ern_pidonaxvirescens Moucherolle vert cinereigulare Moucherolle des Oncostoma courbe Ernpidonaxalnorum Tyranneau de aulnes olivaceum Lawrence Ernpidonaxtraillii Moucherolle des Poecilotriccussylvia Todirostre de saules Desmarest Empidonax Moucherolleh gorge Todirostrum albigularis blanche cinereum Todirostrefamilier Em_pidonaxminimus Moucherolle tch6bec Todirostrum Todirostreh t•te Em_pidonax Moucherolle de nigrice_ps noire hammondii Hammond Cnipodectes Ernpidonaxwrightii Moucherollegris subbrunneus Platyrhynquebrun Em_pidonax Rhynchocyclus Platyrhynqueh bec oberholseri Moucherolle sombre brevirostris court Em_pidonaxaffinis Moucherolledes pins Rhynchocyclus Em_pidonaxdifficilis Moucherolle c6tier olivaceus Platyrhynqueoliv•tre Empidonax Moucherolle des Tolmomyias Platyrhynquejaune- occidentalis ravins sulphurescens olive Em_pidonaxfiavescens Moucherollejaun•tre Tolmomyiasassimilis Platyrhynqueh miroir Em_pidonaxfulvifrons Moucherolle beige Platyrinchus Platyrhynqueh queue Em_pidonaxatrice_ps Moucherolle h t•te cancrominus courte noire Platyrinchus Platyrhynqueh Sayornisnigricans Moucherolle noir mystaceus moustaches Sayornisphoebe Moucherolleph6bi Platyrinchus Platyrhynqueh t•te Sayornissaya Moucherolle h ventre coronatus d' or rOUX Onychorhynchus Pyroce_phalusrubinus Moucherolle coronatus Moucherolleroyal vermilion FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 719

Fluvicola pica Moucherollepie Tyrannusforficatus Tyran/t 1onguequeue Colonia colonus Moucherolle h longs Tyrannus savana Tyran des savanes brins Machetornis rixosus Moucherolle INCERTAE SEDIS querelleur Sapayoa aenigma Sapayoa/t bec large Attila spadiceus Attila/t croupion Schiffornisturdinus Antriade turdoi'de jaune Piprites griseiceps Piprite/t t•te grise Sirystessibilator Tyran siffieur Lipaugus unirufus Piauhau roux Rhytipterna Laniocera rufescens Aulia tachet6 holerythra Aulia roux Pachyramphus Myiarchus versicolor B6carde barr6e yucatanensis Tyran du Yucatan Pachyramphusrufus B6carde cendr6e Myiarchus Pachyramphus barbirostris Tyran triste cinnamomeus B6carde cannelle Myiarchus Pachyramphus B6carde/t ailes tuberculifer Tyran olivfitre polychopterus blanches Myiarchus Pachyramphus panamensis Tyran du Panama albogriseus B6cardepie Myiarchus Tyran/t gorge Pachyramphusmajor B6cardedu Mexique cine rascens cendr6e Pachyramphus Myiarchusnuttingi Tyran de Nutting aglaiae B6cardeh gorge rose Myiarchus crinitus Tyran hupp6 Pachyramphus Myiarchus tyrannulus Tyran de Wied homochrous B6carde unicolore Myiarchusnugator Tyran bayard Pachyramphusniger B6carde de la Myiarchus validus Tyran/t queue rousse JamaYque Myiarchus sagrae Tyran de La Sagra Tityra semifasciata Tityre masqu6 Myiarchus stolidus Tyran grosse-t•te Tityra inquisitor Tityre h t•te noire Myiarchus antillarum Tyran de Porto Rico Myiarchus oberi Tyran janeau COTINGIDAE Deltarhynchus Cotinga amabilis Cotinga c61este fiammulatus Tyran flamm• Cotinga ridgwayi Cotinga turquoise Pitangus lictor Tyran licteur Cotinga nattererii Cotinga bleu. Pitangussulphuratus Tyran quiquivi Carpodecteshopkei Cotinga blanc Megarynchus Carpodectesantoniae Cotinga •t bec jaune pitangua Tyran pitangua Carpodectesnitidus Cotinga neigeux Myiozetetes Querula purpurata Coracine noire cayanensis Tyran de Cayenne Cephalopterus Myiozetetessimilis Tyran sociable glabricollis Coracine ombrelle Myiozetetes Procnias Araponga granadensis Tyran/t t•te grise tricarunculata tricaroncu16 Conopiasalbovittata Tyran diad•me Myiodynastes PIPRIDAE hemichrysus Tyran/t ventred'or Chloropipo Myiodynastes holochlora Manakin vert chrysocephalus Tyran/t casqued'or Manacus candei Manakin •t col blanc Myiodynastes Manacus aurantiacus Manakin •t col orange maculatus Tyran audacieux Manacus vitellinus Manakin •t col d'or Myiodynastes Corapipo altera Manakin •t fraise luteiventris Tyran tigr• Chiroxiphia Legatus leucophaius Tyran pirate lanceolata Manakin lanc6o16 Empidonomusvarius Tyran tachet• Chiroxiphia linearis Manakin fastueux ryrannus Pipra pipra Manakin •t t•te melancholicus Tyran m61ancolique blanche Tyrannuscouchii Tyran de Couch Pipra coronata Manakin •t t•te bleue Tyrannusvociferans Tyran de Cassin Pipra erythrocephala Manakin •t t•te d'or Tyrannus Pipra mentalis Manakin •t cuisses crassirostris Tyran •t bec 6pais jaunes Tyrannusverticalis Tyran de l'Ouest Tyrannustyrannus Tyran tritri OXYRUNCIDAE Tyrannus Oxyruncus cristatus Oxyrhynquehupp6 dominicensis Tyran gris Tyrannus MELIPHAGIDAE caudifasciatus Tyran t•te-police Moho braccatus Moho de Kauai Tyrannuscubensis Tyran g6ant Moho apicalis Moho d'Oahu 720 FRENCHNAMES OF NORTHAMERICAN BIRDS

Moho bishopi Moho de Bishop Calocitta colliei Geai • face noire Moho nobilis Moho d'Hawai' Calocittaformosa Geai h face blanche Chaetoptila Cyanocoraxdickeyi Geai panach6 angustipluma M61iphagekio6a Cyanocoraxaffinis Geai • poitrinenoire Cyanocoraxyncas Geai vert LANIIDAE Cyanocorax morio Geai enfum6 Lanius cristatus Pie-gri•che brune Cyanocorax Lanius ludovicianus Pie-gri•che melanocyaneus Geai houpp6 migratrice Cyanocorax Lanius excubitor Pie-gri•chegrise sanblasianus Geai de San Blas Cyanocorax VIREONIDAE yucatanicus Geai du Yucatan Vireo brevipennis Vir6o ardois6 Cyanocorax beecheii Geai • dos violet Vireo griseus Vir6o aux yeux Cyanolycacucullata Geai couronn6 blancs Cyanolycapumilo Geai • gorge noire Vireo crassirostris Vir6o h bec fort Cyanolycanana Geai nain Vireo pallens Vir6o desmangroves Cyanolyca Geai • gorge Vireo bairdi Vir6o de Cozumel argentigula argent6e Vireo caribaeus Vir6o de San Andr6s Cyanolycamirabilis Geai masqu6 Vireo modestus Vir6o de la JamaYque Aphelocoma Vireo gundlachii Vir6o de Cuba coerulescens Geai h gorge blanche Vireo latimeri Vir•o de Porto Rico Aphelocoma insularis Geai de Santa Cruz Vireo nanus Vir6o d'Hispaniola Aphelocoma Vireo bellii Vir6o de Bell californica Geai buissonnier Vireo atricapillus Vir6o h t•te noire Aphelocoma Vireo nelsoni Vir6o nain ultramarina Geai du Mexique Vireo vicinior Vir6o gris Aphelocoma unicolor Geai unicolore Vireo osburni Vir6o d'Osburn Gymnorhinus Vireo fiavifrons Vir6o h gorgejaune cyanocephalus Geai despin,des Vireo plumbeus Vir6o plomb6 Nucifraga Cassenoix Vireo cassinii Vir6o de Cassin columbiana d'Am6rique Vireo solitarius Vir6o h t•te bleue Pica pica Pie bavarde Vireo carmioli Vir6o h ailes jaunes Pica nuttalli Pie • bec jaune Vireo huttoni Vir6o de Hutton Corvus monedula Choucas des tours Vireo hypochryseus Vir6o dor6 Corvus Vireo gilvus Vir6o m61odieux brachyrhynchos Corneille d'Am6rique Vireo leucophrys Vir6o h calotte brune Corvus caurinus Corneille d'Alaska Vireo philadelphicus Vir6o de Philadelphie Corvuspalmarum Corneille palmiste Vireo olivaceus Vir6o aux yeux Corvus nasicus Corneille de Cuba Corvus Corneille rouges Vireo fiavoviridis Vir•o jaune-verd•tre leucognaphalus d'Hispaniola Vireo altiloquus Vir6o h moustaches Corvusjamaicensis Corneille de la Vireo magister Vir•o du Yucatan JamaYque Hylophilusfiavipes Vir6on h pattes Corvus imparatus Corneille du Mexique claires Corvus sinaloae Corneille du Sinaloa Hylophilus Vir6on h calotte Corvus ossifragus Corneillede rivage ochraceiceps rousse Corvus hawaiiensis Corneille d' Hawa'i Hylophilus Corvus cryptoleucus Corbeau • cou blanc aurantiifrons Vir6on • front d'or Corvus corax Grand Corbeau Hylophilus decurtatus Vir6on menu Vireolanius MONARCHIDAE melitophrys Smaragdanceintur6 Chasiempis Vireolanius sandwichensis Monarque616pa'io pulchellus Smaragdan6meraude Vireolanius eximius Smaragdan•t sourcils ALAUDIDAE jaunes Alauda arvensis Alouettedes champs Cyclarhisgujanensis Sourciroux Eremophilaalpestris Alouette hausse-col m61odieux HIRUNDINIDAE CORVIDAE Progne subis Hirondelle noire Perisoreus M6sangeaidu Progne cryptoleuca Hirondelle de Cuba canadensis Canada Progne dominicensis Hirondelle •t ventre Cyanocitta stelleri Geai de Steller blanc Cyanocitta cristata Geai bleu Progne sinaloae Hirondelle du Sinaloa FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 721

Progne chalybea Hirondellechalyb6e TROGLODYTIDAE Progne elegans Hirondelle gracieuse Donacobius Progne tapera Hirondelle tap•re atricapillus Troglodyteh miroir Tachycinetabicolor Hirondellebicolore Campylorhynchus Troglodyteh t•te Tachycinetaalbilinea Hirondelle des albobrunneus blanche mangroves Campylorhynchus Tachycineta zonatus Troglodyte zon6 euchrysea Hirondelledor6e Campylorhynchus Tachycineta Hirondelleh face megalopterus Troglodytez6br6 thalassina blanche Campylorhynchus Tachycineta Hirondelledes chiapensis Troglodyte g6ant cyaneoviridis Bahamas Campylorhynchus Troglodyteh nuque Pygochelidon Hirondellebleu et rufinucha rousse cyanoleuca blanc Campylorhynchus Notiochelidonpileata Hirondelle/tt•te gularis Troglodyte tachet6 noire Campylorhynchus Troglodytede Neochelidontibialis Hirondelle/tcuisses jocosus Boucard blanches CampylorhynchusTroglodyte du Stelgidopteryx Hirondellehailes yucatanicus Yucatan se rrip ennis h6riss6es Campylorhync hus Stelgidopteryx Hirondellehgorge brunneicapillusTroglodyte des cactus ruficollis rousse Salpinctesobsoletus Troglodyte des Riparia riparia Hirondelle de rivage rochers Petrochelidon Hirondellehfront Catherpesmexicanus Troglodyte des pyrrhonota blanc canyons Petrochelidonfulva Hirondelle/t front brun Hylorchilus sumichrasti Troglodyte• bec fin DelichonHirundo rusticaurbica Hirondelle rustiquede fen•tre Hylorchilusnavai Troglodytede Nava Thryothorusspadix Troglodytemoine Thryothorus Troglodyte • gorge PARIDAE atrogularis noire Poecilecarolinensis M6sangede Caroline Thryothorus Troglodyte • ventre Poecileatricapillus M6sange/tt•te noire fasciatoventris noir Poecilegambeli M6sangede Gambel Thryothorus Troglodyte• calotte Poecilesclateri M6sangegrise nigricapillus noire Poecilerufescens M6sange/tdos Thryothorus Troglodytedes matron semibadius ruisseaux Poecilehudsonicus M6sange/t t•te brune Thryothorus Poecilecinctus M6sangelapone leucopogon Troglodytebalafr6 Baeolophus Thryothorus wollweberi M6sangearlequin thoracicus Troglodyteflamm6 Baeolophusinornatus M6sange unicolore Thryothorusrutilus Troglodyte des Baeolophusgriseus M6sangedes pintdes halliers Baeolophusbicolor M6sangebicolore Thryothorus Troglodyteh poitrine maculipectus tachet6e REMIZIDAE Thryothorusrufalbus Troglodyteruralbin Auriparusfiaviceps Auripare verdin Thryothorussinaloa Troglodytedu Sinaloa

AEGITHALIDAE Thryothorus Psaltriparus minimus M6sange pleurostictus Troglodyte barr6 buissonni•re Thryothorus Troglodyte de ludovicianus Caroline Thryothorusfelix Troglodytejoyeux SITTIDAE Thryothorusleucotis Troglodyteh face Sitta canadensis Sittelle/t poitrine pfile rousse Thryothorus Sitta carolinensis Sittelle h poitrine modestus Troglodytemodeste blanche Thryomanesbewickii Troglodytede Sitta pygmaea Sittelle pygm6e Bewick Sittelle/t t•te brune Sitta pusilla Thryomanessissonii Troglodyte de Socorro CERTHIIDAE Ferminia cerverai Troglodytede Zapata Certhia americana Grimpereaubrun Troglodytesaedon Troglodyte familier 722 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Troglodytestanneri Troglodytede Polioptila albiloris Gobemoucheron h Clarion face blanche Troglodytes Troglodyteh sourcils Polioptilaplumbea Gobemoucheron rufociliatus roux tropical Troglodytes Polioptila Gobemoucheron ochraceus Troglodyteocr6 schistaceigula ardois6 Troglodytes troglodytes Troglodytemignon MUSCICAPIDAE Cistothorusplatensis Troglodyte•t bec Ficedula narcissina Gobemouche narcisse court Ficedulamugimaki Gobemouche Cistothoruspalustris Troglodyte des mugimaki marais Ficedulaparva Gobemouche nain Uropsila leucogastra Troglodyteh ventre Muscicapasibirica Gobemouche de blanc Sib6rie Thryorchilusbrowni Troglodytedes Muscicapa Gobemouche h taches volcans griseisticta grises Henicorhina Troglodyteh poitrine Muscicapadauurica Gobemouche brun leucosticta blanche Henicorhina Troglodyteh poitrine TURDIDAE leucophrys Rossignolcalliope Microcerculus grise Lusciniacalliope Luscinia svecica Gorgebleueh miroir philomela Microcerculus Troglodytephilom•le Lusciniacyane Rossignolbleu Rossignolh flancs marginatus Troglodytesiffleur Tarsigercyanurus roux Cyphorhinus Shama h croupion phaeocephalus Troglodytechanteur Copsychusmalabaricus blanc Oenanthe oenanthe CINCLIDAE Traquet motteux Cinclus mexicanus Saxicolatorquata Tarier pfitre Cincled'Am6rique Sialiasialis Merlebleu de l'Est PYCNONOTIDAE Sialia mexicana Merlebleu de l'Ouest Pycnonotuscafer Bulbul h ventre rouge Sialia currucoides Merlebleu azur6 Pycnonotusjocosus Bulbulorph•e Myadestestownsendi Solitaire de Townsend REGULIDAE Myadestes Regulussatrapa Roitelet h couronne occidentalis Solitaire h dos bran dor•e Myadesteselisabeth Solitaire de Cuba Reguluscalendula Roitelet h couronne Myadestesgenibarbis Solitaire siffleur rubis Myadestesmelanops Solitaire masqu6 Myadestescoloratus Solitaire vari6 SYLVIIDAE Myadestesunicolor Solitaire ardois6 Cettia diphone Bouscarlechanteuse Myadestes Locustella ochotensis Locustelle de myadestinus Solitaire kamao Middendorff Myadesteswoahensis Solitaire d'Oahu Locustella lanceolata Locustellelanceolde Myadesteslanaiensis Solitaire de Lanai Acrocephalus Myadestes obscurus Solitaire d'Hawa¾ familiaris Rousserolleobscure Myadestespalmeri Solitaire pua¾ohi Phylloscopus Catharus sibilatrix Pouillot siffleur gracilirostris Grive h bec noir Phylloscopusfuscatus Pouillot brun Catharus Phylloscopusborealis Pouillot bor6al aurantiirostris Grive h bec orange Microbates Catharusfuscater Grive ardois6e cinereiventris Microbate cendr• Catharus occidentalis Grive roussfitre Ramphocaenus Catharusfrantzii Grive h calotte rousse melanurus Microbate h long bec Catharus mexicanus Grive h t•te noire Polioptila caerulea Gobemoucherongris- Catharus dryas Grive tave16e bleu Catharusfuscescens Grive fauve Polioptila lembeyei Gobemoucheron de Catharus minimus Grive h joues grises Cuba Catharus bicknelli Grive de Bicknell Polioptila californica Gobemoucheron de Catharus ustulatus Grive h dos olive Califomie Catharus guttatus Grive solitaire Polioptila melanura Gobemoucheronh Hylocichla mustelina Grive des bois queuenoire Turdusmerula Merle noir Polioptila nigriceps Gobemoucheron h Turdus obscurus Merle obscur coiffe noire Turdus naumanni Grive de Naumann FRENCHNAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 723

Turduspilaris Grive litorne Melanotishypoleucus Moqueur bleu et Turdus iliacus Grive mauvis blanc Turdusnigrescens Merle fuligineux Margaropsfuscus Moqueur grivotte Turdusinfuscatus Merle enfum6 Margaropsfuscatus Moqueur corossol Turdusplebejus Merle de montagne Cinclocerthia Turdusfumigatus Merle cacao ruficauda Trembleur brun Turdus obsoletus Merle cul-blanc Cinclocerthia Turdusgrayi Merle fauve gutturalis Trembleurgris Turdusnudigenis Merle h lunettes Turdusjamaicensis Merleaux yeux STURNIDAE blancs Sturnus vulgaris gtoumeausansonnet Turdusassimilis Merle h gorge Acridotherestristis Martin triste blanche Acridotheres Turdusrufopalliatus Merleh dosroux cristatellus Martin hupp6 Turdusrufftorques Merleh col roux Graculareligiosa Mainate religieux Turdusmigratorius Merle d'Am6rique Turdus swalesi Merle de La Selle PRUNELLIDAE Turdusaurantius Merle h miroir Prunella montanella Accenteur montanelle Turdus ravidus Merle de Grande Cai'man MOTACILLIDAE Turdusplumbeus Merlevantard Motacillafiava Bergeronnette Cichlherminia printani•re lherminieri Griveh piedsjaunes Motacillacitreola Bergeronnettecitrine Ixoreusnaevius Grive h collier Motacilla cinerea Bergeronnettedes Ridgwayiapinicola Grive azt•que misseaux Motacilla alba Bergeronnettegrise TIMALIIDAE Motacilla lugens Bergeronnette Garrulaxpectoralis Garrulaxeh plastron lugubre Garrulax canorus Garrulaxehoamy Anthustrivialis Pipit des arbres Leiothrixlutea L6iothrixjaune Anthushodgsoni Pipit h dos olive Chamaeafasciata Camabrune Anthusgustavi Pipit de la Petchora Anthus cervinus Pipit h gorgerousse ZOSTEROPIDAE Anthus rubescens Pipit d'Am6rique Zosteropsjaponicus Zost6ropsdu Japon Anthusspragueii Pipit de Sprague Anthus lutescens Pipit jaunfitre MIMIDAE Dumetella BOMBYCILLIDAE carolinensis Moqueurchat Bombycillagarrulus Jaseur bor6al Melanoptila Bombycillacedrorum Jaseurd'Am6rique glabrirostris Moqueurnoir Mimuspolyglottos Moqueurpolyglotte PTILOGONATIDAE Mimusgilvus Moqueurdes savanes Phainoptila Ph6noptilenoir et Mimus gundlachii Moqueur des melanoxantha j aune Bahamas Ptilogonyscinereus Ptilogoncendr6 Oreoscoptes Moqueurdes Ptilogonyscaudatus Ptilogon h longue montanus armoises queue Mimodesgraysoni Moqueurde Socorro Phainopeplanitens Ph6nop•pleluisant Toxostomarufum Moqueur roux Toxostoma DULIDAE longirostre Moqueurh long bec Dulus dominicus Esclavepalmiste Toxostomaguttatum Moqueur de Cozumel Toxostomacinereum Moqueur gris PEUCEDRAMIDAE Toxostomabendirei Moqueur de Bendire Peucedramus Toxostomaocellatum Moqueur ocell6 taeniatus Fauvine des pins Toxostoma Moqueur h bec curvirostre courbe PARULIDAE Toxostomaredivivum Moqueurde Vermivorabachmanii Paraline de Bachman Californie Vermivora pinus Paraline h ailes Toxostomacrissale Moqueur cul-roux bleues Toxostomalecontei Moqueur de Le Vermivora Paruline h ailes Conte chrysoptera dor6es Ramphocinclus Moqueurgorge- Vermivoraperegrina Paraline obscure brachyurus blanche Vermivoracelata Paraline verdfitre Melanotis Vermivora ruficapilla Paruline h joues caerulescens Moqueur bleu grises 724 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Vermivora virginiae Parulinede Virginia Oporornisagilis Parulineh gorge Vermivora crissalis Paruline de Colima grise Verrnivora luciae Parulinede Lucy Oporornis Parula gutturalis Parulineembras6e philadelphia Parulinetriste Parula superciliosa Paruline h croissant Oporornis tolmiei Paruline des buissons Parula americana Paruline• collier Geothlypistrichas Parulinemasqu6e Parula pitiayumi Parulinehjoues Geothlypisbeldingi Parulinede Belding noires Geothlypis Paruline h couronne Dendroica petechia Parulinejaune fiavovelata jaune Dendroica Parulineh flancs Geothlypisrostrata Parulinedes pensylvanica marron Bahamas Dendroica magnolia Parulineh t•te Geothlypissemifiava Parulinedes bambous cendr6e Geothlypisspeciosa Paruline• facenoire Dendroica tigrina Parulinetigr6e Geothlypisnelsoni ParulinedeNelson Dendroica Geothlypis caerulexcens Parulinebleue aequinoctialis Paruline6quatoriale Dendroica coronata Paruline• croupion Geothlypis Parulinehcalotte jaune poliocephala grise Dendroica nigrescens Parulinegrise Microligeapalustris Paruline aux yeux Dendroica rouges Teretistris chrysoparia Paruline h dosnoir Parulinede Fernandina Dendroica virens Paruline fernandinae noire •tgorge Teretistrisfornsi Parulined'Oriente Dendroica townsendi Paruline de Leucopeza seroperi Parulinepied-blanc Wilsonia citrina Townsend Parulineh capuchon Paruline h calotte Dendroica Wilsonia pusilla noire occidentalis Paruline h t•te jaune Wilsonia canadensis Paruline du Canada Dendroicafusca Parulineh gorge Cardellina rubrifrons Paruline• face rouge orang6e Ergaticus ruber Parulinerouge Dendroica dominica Parulineh gorge Ergaticus versicolor Paruline •t t6te rose jaune Myioborus pictus Paruline •t ailes Dendroica Paruline de Grace graciae blanches Dendroica adelaidae Paruline d'Ad61ai'de Myioborus miniatus Paruline ardois6e Dendroica pityophila Paruline h calotte Myioborus torquatus Paruline ceintur6e verte Euthlypislachrymosa Paruline des rochers Dendroica pinus Paruline des pins Basileuterus Paruline h couronne Dendroica kirtlandii Paruline de Kirtland culicivorus dor6e Dendroica discolor Paruline des pros Basileuterusrufifrons Paruline h calotte Dendroica vitellina Paruline des Ca'imans rousse Dendroica palmarum Paruline h couronne Basileuterus belli Paruline • sourcils rousse dor6s Dendroica castanea Paruline h poitrine Basileuterus baie melanogenys Paruline sombre Dendroica striata Parulineray6e Basileuterusignotus Paruline du Pirr6 Dendroica cerulea Paruline azur6e Basileuterus Dendroicaplumbea Paruline caf•iette tristriatus Parulinetriligne Dendroica pharetra Paruline de la Phaeothlypis Paruline • croupion Jama'ique fulvicauda fauve Dendroica angelae Parulined'Angela Zeledonia coronata Paruline de Zeledon Catharopezabishopi Paruline de Saint- Icteria virens Paruline polyglotte Vincent Granatellus venustus Paruline multicolore Mniotilta varia Paruline noir et blanc Granatellus sallaei Parulineh plastron Setophagaruticilla Paruline flamboyante Xenoligea montana Parulinequatre-yeux Protonotaria citrea Paruline orang6e Helmitheros COEREBIDAE vermivorus Paruline vermivore Coerebafiaveola Sucrier h ventre Limnothlypis j aune swainsonii Paruline de Swainson Seiurusaurocapillus Paruline couronn6e THRAUPIDAE Seiurus Paruline des Conirostrum noveboracensis ruisseaux leucogenys Conirostre oreillard Seiurus motacilla Parulinehochequeue Nesospingus Tangarade Porto Oporornisformosus Paruline du Kentucky speculiferus Rico FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 725

Chlorosptngus Ramphocelus Tangara du Costa ophthalmicus Tangarades buissons costaricensis Rica Chlorosptngus Ramphocelus tacarcunae Tangaradu Tacarcuna fiammi gerus Tangaraflamboyant Chlorosptngus Spindalis zena Tangara h t•te ray6e inornatus Tangaradu Pirr6 Thraupis episcopus Tangara6v•que Chlorosptngus Tangarah sourcils Thraupisabbas Tangara h miroir pileatus bris6s j aune Chlorosptngus Tangara•t gorge Thraupispalmarum Tangarades palmiers fiavi g ularis jaune Bangsia arcaei Tangarajaune et bleu Chlorosptngus Euphoniajamaica Organistede la canigularis Tangarah gorge grise Jama'ique Hemithraupis Euphoniaaffinis Organistede brousse fiavicollis Tangarah dos jaune Euphonia luteicapilla Organisteh calotte Chrysothlypis jaune chrysomelaena Tangaraloriot Euphonia laniirostris Organisteh bec 6pais Phaenicophilus Tangarah couronne Euphonia Organisteh gorge palmarum noire hirundinacea jaune Phaenicophilus Euphonia musica Organistelouis-d'or poliocephalus Tangaraquatre-yeux Euphonia Calyptophilustertius Tangarade Wetmore eleg an tissima Organisteh capuchon Calyptophilus Euphoniafulvicrissa Organistecul-roux frugivorus Tangaracornichon Euphonia imitans Organistemouchet6 Rhodinocichla rosea Tangaraqu6o Euphoniagouldi Organisteolive Mitrospingus cassinii Tangara obscur Euphoniaminuta Organistecul-blanc Chlorothraupis Euphoniaanneae Organisteh couronne carmioli Tangaraolive rousse Chlorothraupis Euphonia Organisteh ventre olivacea Tangarah lunettes xanthogaster orange Eucometispenicillata Tangarah t•te grise Chlorophonia Lanio aurantius Tangarah gorge fiavir ostris Organisteh col jaune noire Chlorophonia Organisteh calotte Lanio leucothorax Tangara h gorge occipitalis bleue blanche Chlorophonia Organisteh sourcils Heterospingus Tangarah croupion callophrys jaunes rubrifrons jaune Tangara inornata Calliste gris Heterospingus Tangarah sourcils Tangara cabanisi Calliste azur6 xanthopygius rOUX Tangara palmeri Calliste or-gris Tachyphonus Tangarah 6paulettes Tangara florida Calliste 6meraude luctuosus blanches Tangara Tachyphonusdelatrii Tangarade Delattre icterocephala Calliste safran Tachyphonusrufus Tangarah galons Tangara guttata Calliste tiquet6 blancs Tangara gyrola Calliste rouverdin Habia rubica Tangarah couronne Tangara lavinia Calliste h ailes rousses rouge Habia fuscicauda Tangarah gorge Tangara cucullata Calliste dos-bleu Calliste h coiffe d'or rouge Tangara larvata Habia atrimaxillaris Tangarah joues Tangara dowii Calliste paillet6 noires Tangara fucosa Calliste h nuque verte Dacnis h cuisses Piranga roseogularis Tangaraa gorge rose Dacnis venusta Piranga fiava Tangaraorang6 rouges Dacnis bleu Piranga rubra Tangaravermilion Dacnis cayana Dacnis vert Piranga olivacea Tangara6carlate Dacnis viguieri Piranga ludoviciana Tangarah t•te rouge Chlorophanesspiza Guit-guit 6meraude Piranga bidentata Tangarah dos ray6 Cyanerpeslucidus Guit-guit brillant Piranga leucoptera Tangarabifasci6 Cyanerpescaeruleus Guit-guit c6ru16en Piranga Tangara Cyanerpescyaneus Guit-guit sa'i Tersina viridis Tersine hirondelle erythrocephala 6rythroc6phale Ramphocelus sanguinolentus Tangaraceintur6 EMBERIZIDAE Ramphocelus Volatinia jacarina Jacarini noir dimidiatus Tangara h dos rouge Sporophilaschistacea Sporophileardois6 Ramphocelus Tangarah croupion Sporophila passerinii rouge americana Sporophilevariable 726 FRENCHNAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Sporophilatorqueola Sporophileh col Pipilo maculatus Tohi tachet6 blanc Pipilo Sporophilanigricollis Sporophile•t ventre erythrophthalmus Tohi h flancs roux j aune Pipilo albicollis Tohi h gorgeblanche Sporophila minuta Sporophilepetit-louis Pipilo fuscus Tohi des canyons Oryzoborusnuttingi Sporophilede Pipilo crissalis Tohi de Californie Nutting Pipilo aberti Tohi d'Abert Oryzoborusfunereus Sporophile•t bec fort Aimophila ruficauda Bruant lign6 Amaurospiza Aimophila humeralis Bruant h plastron concolor Sporophilebleu Aimophila mystacalis Bruant h moustaches Melopyrrha nigra Sporophilen6grito Aimophila Bruant h queue Tiaris canora Sporophilepetit- sumichrasti rousse chanteur Aimophila carpalis Bruant h 6paulettes Tiaris olivacea Sporophilegrand- Aimophila cassinii Bruant de Cassin chanteur Aimophila aestivalis Bruantdes pin, des Tiaris bicolor Sporophilecici Aimophila botterii Bruant de Botteri Loxipasser Aimophila ruficeps Bruant h calotte anoxanthus Sporophilemantel6 fauve Loxigilla Sporophilede Porto Aimophila rufescens Bruant rouss•tre Rico portoricensis Aimophila notosticta Bruant d' Oaxaca Loxigilla violacea Sporophilepetit-coq Aimophila Loxigilla noctis Sporophile quinquestriata Bruant pentaligne rougegorge Oriturus Euneorniscampestris Pique-orangede la superciliosus Bruant ray6 JamaYque Torreornis Melanospiza inexpectata richardsoni Bruant de Zapata Moisson pied-blanc Spizella arborea Bruant hudsonien Pinaroloxias inornata Spizin de Cocos Spizella passerina Bruant familier Haplospiza rustica Haplospizeardois6 Spizella pallida Bruant des plaines Acanthidopsbairdii Bec-en-chevillegris Spizella breweri Bruant de Brewer Diglossa baritula Percefleur cannelle Spizella pusilla Diglossa plumbea Percefleur ardois6 Bruant des champs Spizella wortheni Bruant de Worthen Sicalis fiaveola Sicale bouton-d'or Bruant h menton noir Sicalis luteola Sicale des savanes Spizella atrogularis Emberizoides Pooecetesgramineus Bruant vespfral Chondestes herbicola Grand Tardivole Bruant h joues marron Paroaria coronata Paroarehupp6 grammacus Paroaria capitata Paroare h bec jaune Amphispiza bilineata Bruant h gorgenoire Bruant de Bell Lysurus crassirostris Tohi masqu6 Amphispizabelli Pselliophorus tibialis Tohi h cuissesjaunes Calamospiza Pselliophorus melanocorys Bruant noir et blanc luteoviridis Tohi jaune-vert Passerculus sandwichensis Pezopetescapitalis Tohi •t grandspieds Bruant des prfs Atlapetes albinucha Tohi h calotte Ammodramus blanche savannarum Bruant sauterelle Atlapetespileatus Tohi h calotte rousse Ammodramus bairdii Bruant de Baird auarremon Ammodramus brunneinuchus Tohi •t nuque brune henslowii Bruant de Henslow auarremon Ammodramus virenticeps Tohi •t raies vertes leconteii Bruant de Le Conte Buarremontorquatus Tohi •t t•te ray6e Ammodramus nelsoni Bruant de Nelson Arremon Ammodramus aurantiirostris Tohi h bec orange caudacutus Bruant h queueaigu• Arremonops Ammodramus rufivtrgatus Tohi olive maritimus Bruant maritime Arremonops Xenospiza baileyi Bruant des sierras chloronotus Tohi •t dos vert Passerella iliaca Bruant fauve Arremonops Melospiza melodia Bruant chanteur conirostris Tohi lign6 Melospiza lincolnii Bruant de Lincoln Melozone kieneri Tohi de Kiener Melospizageorgiana Bruant des marais Melozone biarcuatum Tohi •t face blanche Zonotrichia capensis Bruantchingolo Melozone leucotis Tohi oreillard Zonotrichia albicollis Bruant h gorge Pipdo chlorurus Tohi •t queueverte blanche Pipdo ocai Tohi •t collier Zonotrichiaquerula Bruant h face noire FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 727

Zonotrichia Bruant h couronne ICTERIDAE leucophrys blanche Dolichonyx Zonotrichia Bruant h couronne oryzivorus Goglu des prrs atricapilla dorre Agelaiusphoeniceus Carougeh 6paulettes Junco vulcani Juncodes volcans Agelaius assimilis Carougede Cuba Juncohyemalis Juncoardois6 Agelaiustricolor Carougede Juncophaeonotus Junco aux yeux Californie jaunes Agelaiushumeralis Petit Carouge Calcarius mccownii Bruant de McCown Agelaiusxanthomus Carouge de Porto Calcarius lapponicus Bruant lapon Rico Calcariuspictus Bruantde Smith Nesopsarnigerrimus Carougede la Calcarius ornatus Bruant h ventre noir JamaYque Emberiza Bruanth calotte Sturnellamilitaris Sturnelle militaire leucocephalos blanche Sturnellamagna Sturnelledes pr6s Emberizapusilla Bruantnain Sturnellaneglecta Sturnelle de l'Ouest Emberizarustica Bruantrustique Xanthocephalus Emberizaaureola Bruantaur6ole xanthocephalus Carouge •t t•te jaune Emberizavariabilis Bruantgris Divesdives Quiscale chanteur Emberizapallasi BruantdePallas Divesatroviolacea Quiscale violet Emberizaschoeniclus Bruant des roseaux Euphaguscarolinus Quiscale rouilleux Plectrophenaxnivalis Bruant des neiges Euphaguscyanocephalus Quiscale de Brewer Plectrophenax Quiscalusquiscula Quiscale bronz6 hyperboreus Bruantblanc Quiscalusmajor Quiscale des marais Quiscalusmexicanus Quiscaleh longue CARDINALIDAE queue Saltator albicollis Saltatorgros-bec Quiscaluspalustris Quiscale de Mexico Saltator striatipectus Saltatorstri6 Quiscalus Quiscale du Saltator coerulescens Saltatorgris nicaraguensis Nicaragua Saltator maximus Saltatordes grands- Quiscalusniger Quiscale noir bois Quiscaluslugubris Quiscale merle Saltator atriceps Saltatorh t•te noire Molothrus Vacher luisant Saltator grossus Cardinalardois6 bonariensis Molothrus aeneus Vacher bronz6 Cardinal h ventre Caryothraustes Molothrus ater Vacher h t6te brune poliogaster blanc Scaphiduraoryzivora Vacher grant Caryothraustes Icterus dominicensis canadensis Cardinal flavert Oriole h capuchon Icterus laudabilis Oriole de Sainte- Rhodothraupis Lucie celaeno Cardinal h collier Icterus oberi Oriole de Montserrat Cardinalis cardinalis Cardinalrouge Icterusbonana Oriole de la Cardinalis sinuatus Cardinal pyrrhuloxia Martinique Pheucticus Icterus wagleri Oriole cul-noir chrysopeplus Cardinaljaune Icterusmaculialatus Oriole unifasci6 Pheucticus tibialis Cardinalhcuisses Icterusspurius Oriole des vergers noires Icteruscucullatus Oriole masqu6 Pheucticus Cardinalh poitrine Icteruschrysater Oriole noir et or ludovicianus rose Icterusauricapillus Oriole h t•te d'or Pheucticus Icterus mesomelas Oriole h queuejaune melanocephalus Cardinal h t•te noire Icterus icterus Oriole troupiale Cyanocompsa Icterus pustulatus Oriole h dos ray6 cyanoides l•vaquebleu-noir Icterus auratus Oriole orange Cyanocompsa Icterus leucopteryx Oriole de la parellina l•v•quepar6 JamaYque Guiraca caerulea Guiraca bleu Icterus pectoralis Oriole macu16 Passerina rositae Passerin h ventre rose Icterus gularis Oriole h gros bec Passerina amoena Passerin azur6 Icterus graduacauda Oriole d'Audubon Passerina cyanea Passerinindigo Icterus galbula Oriole de Baltimore Passerina versicolor Passerin vari6 Icterus bullockii Oriole h ailes Passerina blanches leclancherii Passerin arc-en-ciel Icterus abeillei Oriole d'Abeil16 Passerina ciris Passerinnonpareil Icterus parisorum Oriole jaune-verd•tre Spiza americana Dickcissel Amblycercus d'Amrrique holosericeus Cassiqueh bec jaune 728 FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Cacicus uropygialis Cassiqueh dos rouge Rhodacanthis Cacicus cela Cassiquecul-jaune fiaviceps Petit Psittirostre Cacicus melanicterus Cassiqueh ailes Rhodacanthispalmeri Psittirostre de Palmer jaunes Chloridopskona Psittirostre/t gros bec Psarocolius Pseudonestor decumanus Cassiquehupp6 xanthophrys Psittirostre de Maui Psarocoliuswagleri Cassiqueh t•te brune Hemignathusvirens Amakihi familiar Psarocolius Cassiquede Hemignathusfiavus Amakihi d'Oahu montezuma Montezuma Hemignathus Psarocolius kauaiensis Amakihi de Kauai guatimozinus Cassiquenoir Hemignathusparvus Petit Amakihi Hemignathus Grand Amakihi FRINGILLIDAE sagittirostris Fringilla coelebs Pinson des arbres Hemignathus obscurus Fringilla H6mignatheakialoa montifringilla Pinson du Nord Hemignathus H6mignatheh long ellisianus bec Leucosticte tephrocotis Roselin h tate grise Hemignathuslucidus H6mignathenukupuu Leucosticte atrata Roselin noir Hemignathusmunroi H6mignathe Leucosticte australis Roselin h tate brune akiapolaau Pinicola enucleator Durbec des sapins Oreomystisbairdi Grimpeur de Kauai Carpodacus Oreomystismana Grimpeurd'Hawa¾ erythrinus Roselin cramoisi Paroreomyza maculata Carpodacus Grimpeurd'Oahu Paroreomyza purpureus Roselin pourpr• fiammea Carpodacuscassinii Roselin de Cassin Grimpeurde Molokai Carpodacus Paroreomyza montana mexicanus Roselin familiar Grimpeur de Maui Loxia curvirostra Loxops Bec-crois• des sapins caeruleirostris Loxia leucoptera Bec-crois• bifasci• Loxopsede Kauai Carduelisfiammea Sizerin flamm• Loxops coccineus Loxopse des Hawa¾ Carduelis Ciridops anna Ciridopsed'Anna Vestiaria coccinea hornemanni Sizerin blanch•tre Iiwi rouge Carduelis spinus Tarin des aulnes Drepanis pacifica Dr6panidemamo Carduelis pinus Drepanisfunarea Dr6panidenoir Tarin des pins Palmaria dolei Carduelis atriceps Tarin sombre Palm6rie hupp6e Picchion cramoisi Carduelis notata Chardonneret h t•te Himatione sanguinea noire Melamprosops Carduelis Chardonneret h phaeosoma Po-o-uli masqu6 xanthogastra ventrejaune Carduelis cucullata Chardonneretrouge PASSERIDAE Carduelis Chardonneret des Passer domesticus Moineau domestique dominicensis Antilles Passer montanus Moineau friquet Carduelispsaltria Chardonneret mineur Carduelis lawrencei Chardonneretgris PLOCEIDAE Carduelis tristis Chardonneretjaune Ploceus cucullatus Tisserin gendarme Carduelis carduelis Chardonneret616gant Euplectes Carduelis sinica Verdier de Chine franciscanus Euplectefranciscain $erinus mozambicus Serin du Euplectesafar Euplectevorab6 Mozambique Serinus canaria Serin des Canaries ESTRILDIDAE Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bouvreuil pivoine Uraeginthusbengalus Cordonbleuh joues Coccothraustes rouges abeillei Gros-bech capuchon Estrilda caerulescens Astrild queue-de- Coccothraustes vinaigre vespertinus Gros-bec errant Estrilda melpoda Astrild h joues Coccothraustes Gros-bec casse- orange coccothraustes noyaux Estrilda troglodytes Astrild cendr6 Telespiza cantans Psittirostrede Laysan Estrilda astrild Astrild ondul6 Telespiza ultima Psittirostre de Nihoa Amandava amandava Bengali rouge Psittirostra psittacea Psittirostrepsittacin Lonchura malabarica Capucin bec-de- Dysmorodrepanis plomb munroi Psittirostre de Munro Lonchura cucullata Capucin nonnette Loxioides bailleui Psittirostrepalila Lonchura punctulata Capucin damier FRENCH NAMES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS 729

Lonchura malacca Capucin h dos Charadrius veredus Pluvier oriental marron Gallinago media B6cassine double Padda oryzivora Padda de Java Catharacta chilensis Labbe du Chili Vidua macroura Veuve dominicaine Larus cirrocephalus Mouette h t•te grise Larus dominicanus Go61and dominicain APPENDIX (Part 1) Creagrusfurcatus Mouette h queue fourchue Phoebastria irrorata Albatros des Sterna sumatrana Sterne diamant Galapagos Sterna trudeaui Sterne de Trudeau Thalassarche Guillemot h lunettes chrysostoma Albatrosh t•te grise Cepphuscarbo macronectes Columba goodsoni Pigeonde Goodson giganteus P6trel g6ant Nandayus nenday Conure nanday Fulmarus Forpus glacialoides Fulmar argent• xanthopterygius Toui de Spix Daption capense Damier du Cap Brotogeris chiriri Toui h ailes jaunes Pterodroma solandri P•trel de Solander Amazona amazonica Amazone aourou Pterodroma rostrata P•trel de Tahiti Coccyzuspumilus Coulicou nain Pterodroma alba P•trel h poitrine Coccyzuslansbergi Coulicou h t•te grise blanche Anthracothorax Mango h cravate Pterodromafeae P6trel gongon viridigula verte Pterodroma Chlorostilbon l•meraudeorvert defilippiana P6trel de Defillipe mellisugus Procellaria cinerea Puffin gris Amazilia Ariane h poitrine Procellaria Puffin h menton chionopectus blanche aequinoctialis blanc Amazilia tobaci Ariane de F61icie Oceanites gracilis Oceanire d'Elliot Acestrura heliodor Colibri h61iodore Fregetta grailaria Oceanire h ventre Ramphastosbrevis Toucan du Choco blanc Thamnophilus Oceanodroma multistriatus Batara de Lafresnaye hornbyi Oc6anite de Hornby Urocissa Spheniscus Manchot des erythrorhyncha Pirolle h bec rouge mendiculus Galapagos Corvusfrugilegus Corbeau freux Phalacrocorax Corvus corone Corneille noire perspicillatus Cormoran de Pallas Melanocorypha Phalacrocorax Cormoran de calandra Alouette calandre bougainvillii Bougainville Parus major M6sange Phalacrocorax charbonni•re kenyoni Cormorande Kenyon Parus varius M6sange vari6e Phalacrocorax Cormoran de Phylloscopus gaimardi Gaimard trochilus Pouillot fitis Mesophoyx Copsychussaularis Shama dayal intermedia H6ron interm6diaire Saxicola rubetra Tarier des pros Platalea leucorodia Spatuleblanche Garrulax caerulatus Garrulaxe h flancs Ciconia ciconia Cigogneblanche gris Phoenicopterus Acridotheres chilensis Flamant du Chili javanicus Martin h ventre blanc Anser anser Oie cendr6e Anthus pratensis Pipit farlouse Anser indicus Oie h t•te barr6e Euphonia mesochrysa Organistemordor• Branta ruficollis Bernache h cou roux Piranga rubriceps Tangarah capuchon Tadornaferruginea Tadorne casarca Sporophila Sporophilefaux- Tadorna tadorna Tadorne de Belon bouvronides bouvron Aix galericulata Canard mandarin Icterus nigrogularis Oriole jaune Netta rufina Nette rousse Carduelis Chardonneret de Aythya baeri Fuligule de Baer magellanica Magellan Aythya nyroca F.uligule nyroca Carduelis chloris Verdier d'Europe Accipiter nisus Epervier d'Europe Lagonosticta Buteo polyosoma Buse tricolore rubricata Amarante fonc• Buteo buteo Buse variable Hieratus pennatus Aigle bott6 APPENDIX (Part 2) Rallus aquaticus R•le d'eau P orphyrio porphyrio Tal•ve sultane Anas breweri Canard de Brewer Hoploxypterus Lophortyx cayanus Vanneau de Cayenne leucoprosopon Colin de Reichenow Charadriuspecuarius Pluvier p•tre Tringa cooperi B6casseaude Cooper 730 FRENCHNAMES OF NORTH AMERICANBIRDS

Calidris Trochilus paramelanotos B6casseau de Cox violajugulum Colibri de Jeffries Larus nelsoni Go61and de Nelson Phasmornismystica Colibri des Chisos Zenaida plumbea Tourterelleplomb6e Selasphorusfioresii Colibri de Flores Conurus labati Conure de Labat Celeus immaculatus Pic immacu16 Anodorhynchus Vireosylvia martinicus Ara de Martinique propinqua Vir6o de Vera Paz Anodorhynchus Regulus cuvieri Roitelet de Cuvier Vermivora lawrencii Paraline de Lawrence purpurascens Ara violet Vermivora Ara atwoodi Ara de la Dominique leucobronchialis Paruline de Brewster Ara erythrocephala Ara de Jama'ique Helminthophaga Paraline de Ara erythrura Ara/t queuerouge cincinnatiensis Cincinnati Ara gossei Ara de Gosse Dendroica potomac Paraline de Sutton Ara guadeloupensis Ara de Guadeloupe Sylvia carbonata Paraline charbonni•re Amazilia bangsi Ariane de Bangs Sylvia montana Paraline des Amazilia ocai Ariane de Gould montagnes Thaumatias lerdi Colibri d'Oca Sylvania Saucerottia microcephala Paraline •t petite t•te fiorenceae Colibri de Florence Emberiza townsendii Binant de Townsend Cyanomyia salvini Colibri de Salvin Aegiothus brewsterii Sizerin de Brewster List of Supplements to the A.O.U. Check-list

Supplementsto the Check-list have been publishedat irregular intervals to call attention to taxonomicor other decisionsof the Committeebetween editions. These Supplementsare valuable in trackingreferences for suchactions and in tracing the nomenclaturalhistory of speciesor groupsof birds.The first Supplementwas published separately. Later Supplements were publishedin The Auk (year, volume, and pagesare given below). Annual reportsof the Committee were publishedin The Auk from 1905 to 1908, and annual lists of proposed changeswere publishedfrom 1916 to 1924. Other taxonomicdecisions were noted by the Committee in reportsin The Auk in 1973, 1984, 1990, and 1998 as noted below. This list was compiledby Roger B. Clapp (1-18), Robert W. Dickerman (19-32), and Richard C. Banks (33-41).

Supple- Supple- ment Year Where Published ment Year Where Published

* 1886 First Check-list 22 1947 Auk 64:445-452 1 1889 SeparatePublication 23 1948 Auk 65:438-443 2 1890 Auk 7:60-66 24 1949 Auk 66:281-285 3 1891 Auk 8:83-90 25 1950 Auk 67:368-370 4 1892 Auk 9:105-108 26 1951 Auk 68:367-369 5 1893 Auk 10:59-63 27 1952 Auk 69:308-312 6 1894 Auk 11:46-51 28 1953 Auk 70:359-361 7 1895 Auk 12:163-169 29 1954 Auk 71:310-312 * 1895 SecondEdition 30 1955 Auk 72:292-295 8 1897 Auk 14:117-135 31 1956 Auk 73:447-449 9 1899 Auk 16:97-133 * 1957 Fifth Edition 10 1901 Auk 18:295-320 32 1973 Auk 90:411-419 11 1902 Auk 19:315-342 - 1973 Auk 90:887 12 1903 Auk 20:331-368 33 1976 Auk 93:875-879 13 1904 Auk 21:411-424 34 1982 Auk 99: 1CC-16CC 14 1908 Auk 25:343-399 * 1983 Sixth Edition 15 1909 Auk26:294-303 - 1984 Auk 101:348 * 1910 ThirdEdition 35 1985 Auk102:680-686 16 1912 Auk29:380-387 36 1987 Auk104:591-596 17 1920 Auk37:439-449 37 1989 Auk106:532-538 18 1923 Auk40:513-525 - 1990 Auk107:274 * 1937 FourthEdition 38 1991 Auk108:750-754 19 1944 Auk61:441-464 39 1993 Auk110:675-682 20 1945 Auk62:436-449 40 1995 Auk112:819-830 41 1997 Auk 114:542-552 21 1946 Auk 63:428-432 - 1998 Auk 115:280

731

LITERATURE CITED 733

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Compiledby Beth Sakumura

A Aethiini, 214 aethiopica, Hirundo, 463 aalge, Uria, 209 afer, Euplectes,680 Abalius, 361 affinis, Aythya, 76 abbas, Thraupis,582 Cyanocorax, 443 abeillei, Abeillia, 290 Empidonax,397 Coccothraustes, 670 Euphonia, 583 Icterus, 655 Lepidocolaptes,360 Abeillia, 290 Veniliornis, 342 aberti, Pipilo, 606 agami, Agamia, 45 acadicus,Aegolius, 266 Acanthidops,597 Agamia, 45 Acanthis, 664 Agelaius, 640 Accentor, Mountain, 525 agilis, Amazona, 243 Siberian, 525 Oporornis, 556 Accipiter, 93 aglaiae, Pachyramphus,419, 420 Accipitres, 86 Agriocharis, 122, 123 Accipitridae, 86, 88 aguimp, Motacilla, 526 Accipitrinae, 87 aikeni, Junco, 625 Acridotheres, 523 Aimophila, 606 Acrocephalus,490 Aix, 65 Acrochordopus,379, 380 Ajaia, 50 Acrorchilus, 348 ajaja, Ajaia, 50 Actitis, 157 Akekee, 677 Actodromas, 166 Akepa, 677 acuminata, Calidris, 171 Common, 677 acuta, Anas, 71 Kauai, 677 acutipennis,Chordeiles, 267 Maui, 677 Adamastor, 17, 687 Oahu, 677 adamsii, Gavia, 5 Akialoa, 673, 675 adelaidae, Dendroica, 546 Akialoa, 675 adolphi, Phaethornis,284 Greater, 675 adorabilis, Lophornis,291 Hawaii, 675 Aechmolophus,389 Kauai, 675 Aechmophorus,8 Lanai, 675 aedon, Troglodytes,480, 481 Lesser, 674 Aegialeus, 144 Oahu, 675 Aegithalidae,463, 467 Akiapolaau, 675 Aegithalos,467 Akikiki, 676 Aegolius, 265 Akohekohe, 678 aenea, Chloroceryle,324 alai, Fulica, 138 Glaucis, 282 Alala, 452 aeneus, Molothrus, 648 Alauahio, Maui, 676 aenigrna,Sapayoa, 416 Aenoenas, 218 Oahu, 676 aequatorialis,Androdon, 284 Alauda, 453 Momotus, 321 Alaudidae, 453 Sittasomus, 356 alba, Ardea, 40 Xiphorhynchus,359 Calidris, 167 aequinoctialis,Buteogallus, 97 Gygis, 207 Geothlypis,559 Motacilla, 526 Procellaria, 17, 687 Pterodroma, 13, 686 Aerodramus, 279 Tyto, 253 Aeronautes, 281 Albatross, Black-browed, 10 aeruginosus,Piculus, 343 Black-footed, 11 Aesalon, 108 Galapagos,685 aestiva, Dendroica, 539 Gray-headed,685 aestivalis, Aimophila, 608 Laysan, 11 aethereus, Phaethon, 27 Light-mantled, 10 Aethia, 214 Short-tailed, 12

769 770 CHECK-LISTOF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Shy, 10 Allenia, 522 Sooty, see Sooty-Albatross alnorum, Empidonax, 394, 395 Wandering, 11 alpestris, Eremophila, 454 Waved, 685 alpina, Calidris, 172 White-capped, 10 altera, Corapipo, 424 Yellow-nosed, 10 alticola, Junco, 626 albatrus, Phoebastria, 12 altiloquus, Vireo, 438 albellus, Mergeflus, 83 amabilis, Amazilia, 297 albeola, Bucephala, 82 Cotinga, 420, 421 albertinae, Tangara, 587 Amakihi, Common, 674 albescens, Synallaxis, 348 Greater, 674 albicaudatus, Buteo, 101 Hawaii, 673 albicilla, Haliaeetus, 91 Kauai, 674 albicollis, Corvus, 452 Lesser, 674 Leucopternis, 96 Maui, 674 Nyctidromus, 268 Oahu, 674 Pipdo, 606 Amandava, 682 Saltator, 631 amandava, Amandava, 682 Turdus, 510 Amaui, 501 Xiphocolaptes,357 amaurocephalus,Leptopogon, 378 Zonotrichia, 622, 624 Amaurolimnas, 133 albifacies, Geotrygon,230 Amaurospiza, 594 albifrons, Amazona, 242 Amaurospizopsis,594 Anser, 57, 58 Amazilia, 297, 298 Sterna, 201,202 Amazon, 241 albigula, Buteo, 101 Amazona, 241 albigularis, Empidonax,395 amazona, Chloroceryle, 323 Falco, 110 amazonica, Amazona, 694 Hirundo, 463 ambigua, Ara, 237 Laterallus, 130 ambiguus,Ramphastos, 331,695 Sclerurus, 354 Trogon, 316 albilinea, Columba, 220 Amblycercus, 656 Tachycineta,457 americ, Vermivora, 554 albiloris, Polioptila, 493 americana, Anas, 67 albinucha, Atlapetes, 601 Aythya, 74, 75 Thryothorus,478 Certhia, 470 albiventer, Fluvicola, 401 Chloroceryle,324 albivitta, Procelsterna, 207 Fulica, 137, 138 albobrunneus,Campylorhynchus, 471,472 Grus, 141 albocoronata, Microchera, 302 Melanitta, 81 albogriseus,Pachyramphus, 419 Mycteria, 51 Sirystes, 402 Parula, 538, 702 albogularis, Brachygalba,327 Recurvirostra, 151 Platyrinchus, 385 Spiza, 639, 703 albolarvatus, Picoides, 340 Sporophila, 592 albonotatus, Buteo, 101 americanus, Coccyzus,247, 248 albovittata, Conopias,409 Daptrius, 106 albus, Eudocimus, 47, 48 Numenius, 162 Alca, 210 Siphonorhis,269 Alcedines, 319 amethystinus,Lampornis, 303 Alcedinidae, 322 Ammodramus, 616, 619 Alcedinoidea, 322 Ammospiza, 616, 619 Alcidae, 141,208 amoena, Passerina, 637, 638 Alcini, 208 Amphispiza, 607, 614 alcyon, Ceryle, 323 amplus, Carpodacus,662 Alectoris, 114 Anabacerthia, 351 aleutica, Sterna, 202 anabatina, Dendrocincla, 355 aleuticus,Ptychoramphus, 214 anabatinus, Thamnistes, 363 alexandri, Archilochus, 309, 701 anaethetus, Sterna, 203,204 alexandrinus, Charadrius, 145 analis, Formicarius, 370 alfaroana, Amazilia, 298 Anas, 65 Alle, 208 Anatidae, 55 alle, Alle, 208 Anatinae, 64 alleni, Porphyrula, 136 Anatini, 64 INDEX 771

Anatoidea, 55 antisianus, Pharomachrus, 318 andina, Gallinago, 177 Antiurus, 270 andinus,Podiceps, 8 antoniae, Carpodectes,421 andrei, Chaetura, 278 Antpitta, Black-crowned, 371 Andriopsar, 649 Ochre-breasted, 372 Androdon, 284 Scaled, 371 angelae, Dendroica, 551 Spectacled,371 angolensis,Hirundo, 463 Streak-chested, 371 Oryzoborus,593 Thicket, 371 angustipluma,Chaetoptila, 428 Wing-banded,369 angustirostris, Todus, 319 Antrostornus, 270 Anhinga, 34 Antshrike, Bar-crested, 695 Anhinga, 34 Barred, 361 anhinga, Anhinga, 34 Black, 362 Anhingidae,34 Black-hooded, 362 ani, Crotophaga, 252 Chapman's,362 Ani, Greater, 252 Fasciated, 361 Groove-billed, 252 Great, 361 Smooth-billed, 252 Peruvian, 363 Anianiau, 674 Russet, 363 anna, Calypte, 310, 701 Slaty, see Slaty-Antshrike Ciridops, 677 Speckle-breasted,362 anneae, Euphonia, 585 Speckled, 362 Anoplops, 369 Spiny-faced, 362 Anous, 206 Tawny, 363 anoxanthus,Loxipasser, 595 Antthrush, Black-faced, 370 Anser, 56, 58 Black-headed, 370 anser, Anser, 689 Hoffmann's, 370 Anseres, 55 Mexican, 370 Anseriformes, 54 Rufous-breasted, 370 Anserinae, 56 Wing-banded, 369 Anserini, 56 Antvireo, Plain, 363 Ant-Tanager,Black-cheeked, 577 Spot-crowned,363 Dusky-tailed, 576 Streak-crowned, 363 Red-crowned, 576 Antwren, Amazonian, 366 Red-throated, 576 Ash-winged, 366 Salvin's, 576 Black-breasted, 366 Sooty, 576 Boucard's, 366 antarctica, Catharacta, 181 Checker-throated, 364 Antbird, Bare-crowned, 367 Chestnut-shouldered, 366 Bicolored, 369 Dot-winged, 365 Buff-banded, 369 Griscom's, 364 Chestnut-backed, 367 Perija, 366 Dull-mantled, 368 Pygmy, 364 Dusky, 366 Rufous-rumped,366 Gray-faced, 362 Rufous-winged, 365 Immaculate, 368 Short-billed, 364 Jet, 367 Slaty, 365 Ocellated, 369 Streaked, 364 Rufous-throated, 369 (see also Streaked-Antwren) Spotted, 368 White-flanked, 365 Tyrannine, 367 White-fringed, 366 White-bellied, 367 Yellow-rumped, 366 White-cheeked, 369 Apapane, 678 Wing-banded,369 apertus, Buarremon, 601 Wing-spotted,368 Aphanotriccus, 388 anthophilus, Phaethornis, 283 Aphelocoma,446 anthracina, Pipra, 425 Aphriza, 164, 165 anthracinus,Buteogallus, 97, 98 apicalis, Moho, 427, 428 Anthracothorax, 287 Apodidae, 275 Anthus, 527 Apodiformes,275 antillarum, Myiarchus, 406 Apodinae, 280 Sterna, 201,202 apolinari, Cistothorus,483 antiquus, Synthliboramphus,214 approximans, Vireo, 431 772 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS apricaria, Pluvialis, 143 assimilis, Agelaius, 641 Apus, 280 Chlorostilbon, 292 apus, Apus, 280 Puffinus, 22 aquaticus,Rallus, 691 Tolmornyias, 385 aquila, Eutoxeres,284 Turdus, 510 Aquila, 104 astec, Aratinga, 235 Ara, 236 astrild, Estrilda, 681 Aracari, Collared, 329 Asturina, 96 Fiery-billed, 330 Asyndesmus,332 Stripe-billed,330 Atalotriccus, 382 arada, Cyphorhinus,486 ater, Molothrus, 648 Aramidae, 139 Athene, 261 Ararnides, 132 atlanticus, Larus, 187 Ararnus, 139 Atlapetes, 600, 601 ararauna, Ara, 238 Atlapetes, 601 Aratinga, 234 atra, Fulica, 137 araucana, Columba, 220 atrata, Leucosticte, 659 arausiaca, Arnazona, 245 atratus, Coragyps, 52 arborea, Dendrocygna,56 atricapilla, Lonchura, 683 Spizella, 610 Zonotrichia, 624 arcaei, Bangsia, 582 atricapillus, Accipiter, 95 Archilochus, 309, 310, 311 Buarrernon, 602 arctica, Fratercula, 216, 217 Donacobius, 471 Gavia, 3, 4 Myiornis, 381 arcticus, Picoides, 341 Otus, 256 arctoa, Leucosticte, 659 Poecile, 463, 464 arcuata, Dendrocygna, 56 Vireo, 432 Ardea, 39 atricaudus, Myiobius, 387 Ardeae, 36 atriceps, Carduelis,666 Ardeidae, 36 Empidonax,398 Ardeini, 36, 39 Myiarchus, 404 Ardenna, 18 Saltator, 632 ardens, $elasphorus,313, 314 atricilla, Larus, 184 Ardeola, 43, 44 atricristatus, Baeolophus,466 ardesiaca, Fulica, 138 atrirnaxillaris, Habia, 576, 577 ardosiaceus, Turdus, 512 atrinucha, Tharnnophilus,362 Arenaria, 164, 165 atrirostris, Dendrocincla, 355 Arenariinae, 164, 165 atrogularis, Spizella, 612 Arenariini, 164 Thryothorus,475 arenarum, Sublegatus,380 atroviolacea, Dives, 644 arenicola, Toxostorna, 521 Atthis, 311, 312 argentatus, Larus, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 692, Atticora, 459 699 Attila, 402, 403 argentifrons,Scytalopus, 372 Attila, Bright-romped,402 argentigula,Cyanolyca, 445 atwoodi, Ara, 699 ariel, Fregata, 36 audax, Aphanotriccus,389 Arinae, 233 Aquila, 104 Aristonetta, 74 auduboni, Dendroica, 542 arizonae, Caprirnulgus,272 Auk, Great, 210 Picoides, 340 Little, 209 arrnenti, Molothrus, 648 Razor-billed, 210 arrninjoniana,Pterodrorna, 13 Auklet, Cassin's, 214 arquata, Numenius,161, 162 Crested, 215 Arquatella, 166 Least, 215 Arrernon, 602 Parakeet, 215 Arremonops,602 Rhinoceros, 216 arvensis, Alauda, 453 Whiskered, 215 Alauda arvensis, 453 Aulacorhynchus,329 Asarcia, 152 aura, Cathartes, 52 asiatica, Zenaida, 223 aurantiacus, Manacus, 424 asiaticus, Charadrius, 149, 693 aurantiifrons, Hylophilus, 439 Asio, 264, 265 aurantiirostris, Arrernon, 602 asio, Otus, 255 Catharus, 502 Aspatha, 320 aurantiiventris, Trogon, 316, 317 INDEX 773 aurantius, Lanio, 574, 575 Bananaquit,569 Turdus, 512 Bahama, 569 auratus, Colaptes, 344, 345 Common, 569 lcterus, 653 Bananivorus, 649 aurea, Aratinga, 236 bangsi, Arnazilia, 700 Jacarnerops,328 Bangsia, 582 aureliae, Haplophaedia, 306 baraui, Pterodroma, 14 aureola, Ernberiza, 629 barbarus, Otus, 256 auricapillus, Basileuterus,565 barbatus, Dendrortyx, 123 lcterus, 652 Myiobius, 387 auriceps, Chlorostilbon,291, 292 Barbet, Prong-billed, 329 Pharomachrus, 318 Red-headed, 328 auricularis, Geothlypis,560 Spot-crowned,328 Piculus, 343 barbirostris,Myiarchus, 403, 404 Puffinus, 21 Barbtail, Spotted, 349 auriculata, Zenaida, 224 White-throated, 349 aurifrons, Melanerpes, 335, 336 Barbthroat, Band-tailed, 283 aurigaster, Pycnonotus,487 baritula, Diglossa, 598 Auriparus, 463, 467 Barn-Owl, Ashy-faced,253 aurita, Heliothryx, 306 Common, 253 Sporophila, 592 Hispaniolan,253 Zenaida, 224 baroni, Phaethornis, 283 auritus, Phalacrocorax, 32 Barred-Woodcreeper,Amazonian, 357 Podiceps, 7 Northern, 357 aurocapillus, Seiurus, 554 barroti, Heliothryx, 306 auropalliata, Arnazona,244 Bartrarnia, 158 aurulentus, Piculus, 343 bartschi, Aerodrarnus, 280 australis,Arnblycercus, 656 Baryphthengus, 321 Leucosticte, 660 Basileuterus, 565 Trogon, 317 Basilinna, 295, 296 Autornolus, 352 bassanus,Morus, 30 autumnalis, Arnazona, 243 battyi, Leptotila, 228 Dendrocygna,55 beani, Troglodytes,480 Avadavat, Red, 682 Beardless-Tyrannulet,Northern, 373 Aves, 1 Southern, 374 Avocet, American, 151 Becard, Barred, 418 axillaris, Aramides, 133 Black-and-white, 419 Elanus, 89 Cinereous, 418 Myrmotherula, 365 Cinnamon, 418 Aythya, 73 Gray-collared,419 Aythyini, 73 Jamaican, 420 Azurecrown, Red-billed, 298 One-colored, 419 Small-billed, 298 Rose-throated, 419 Slaty, 418 B White-winged,418 bachmani, Haernatopus,150 beecheil, Cyanocorax,444, 445 bachmanii, Vermivora, 533 belcheri, Larus, 187 badius, Caprirnulgus,271 beldingi, Geothlypis,558 Baeolophus,465 Passerculus, 616 baeri, Aythya, 690 bella, Goethalsia, 296 baharnensis, Anas, 71 Bellbird, Three-wattled, 423 Coereba, 569 belli, Arnphispiza,614 baileyi, Xenospiza,619 Basileuterus, 566 bailleui, Loxioides, 672 Vireo, 432 bairdi, Junco, 626 bellulus, Margarornis, 350 Oreornystis,676 Belonopterus,142 Vireo, 431 bendirei, Toxostorna, 519 bairdii, Acanthidops,597 bengalensis,Sterna, 199 Amrnodrarnus, 617 bengalus, Uraeginthus, 681 Calidris, 170 Bentbill, 382 Carnpephilus,347 Northern, 382 Trogon, 315 Southern, 382 Balanosphyra, 332 bergii, Sterna, 198 baleanarurn, Sterna, 202 berlepschi, Colurnba, 221 774 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

bernicla, Branta, 60 Yellow-shouldered, 641 bernsteini, Sterna, 199 Blasipus, 184 beryllina, Arnazilia, 299, 700 Blue-Magpie, Red-billed, 695 bewickii, Cygnus,63, 479 Bluebird, Eastern, 498 biarcuaturn, Melozone, 604 Mountain, 499 biarrnicus, Falco, 110 Western, 498 bicknelli, Catharus, 504, 505 Bluetail, Red-flanked, 496 bicolor, Accipiter, 94 Bluethroat, 496 Baeolophus,466 Bobolink, 640 Cyanophaia, 294 Bobwhite, 126 Dendrocygna, 56 Black-throated, 126 Gyrnnopithys,369 Common, 126 Tachycineta,457 Crested, 126 Tiaris, 595 Northern, 125 bidentata, Piranga, 579 Spot-bellied, 126 bidentatus,Harpagus, 90 bogotensis,Sicalis, 599 bifasciatus,Psarocolius, 658 boissonneautii,Pseudocolaptes, 350 bilineata, Arnphispiza,614 Bolborhynchus,238 Polioptila, 493 boliviana, Chiroxiphia, 425 bilopha, Erernophila, 454 bolivianurn, Glaucidiurn, 259 Bishop, Golden, 680 Bornbycilla, 529 Napoleon,680 Bombycillidae, 529 Northern Red, 680 bonana, Icterus, 650 Orange, 680 bonapartei, Nothocercus, 1 Red, 680 bonariensis, Molothrus, 648 Taha, 680 Bonasa, 118 Yellow-crowned, 680 Booby, Blue-faced, 28 Bishopbird, 680 Blue-footed, 28 bishopi, Catharopeza, 551 Brown, 29 Moho, 427 Masked, 28 bistriatus, Burhinus, 141 Peruvian, 29 bitorquata, Streptopelia, 222 Red-footed, 29 Bittern, American, 36 White, 28 Chinese, 37 White-bellied, 29 Chinese Little, 37 borealis, Contopus,390 Cory's Least, 38 Nurnenius, 159 Least, 37 Phylloscopus,490, 696 Pinnated, 36 Picoides, 340 Tiger, see Tiger-Bittern Botaurini, 36 Yellow, 37 Botaurus, 36 Blacicus, 390 botterii, Airnophila, 608 Black-Hawk, Common, 97 boucardi, Arnazilia, 298 Cuban, 97 Crypturellus, 2, 3 Great, 98 Microrhopias, 366 Mangrove, 97 bougainvillii, Phalacrocorax, 688 Blackbird, 507 bourcierii, Eubucco, 328 Bicolored, 641 bouvronides,Sporophila, 697 Brewer's, 645 braccatus, Moho, 427 Cuban, 644 bracei, Chlorostilbon, 292 Eurasian, 507 brachydactyla,Certhia, 470 European,507 Brachygalba, 327 Jamaican, 642 brachylopha, Lophornis, 290 Melodious, 644 Brachypterus, 105 Nilgiri, 507 Brachypus,487 Red-breasted, 642 Brachyramphini,212 Red-shouldered, 641 Brachyrarnphus,212 Red-winged, 640 brachyrhynchos,Corvus, 449, 450, 451 Rusty, 645 brachyrhynchus,Anser, 57 Scrub, 644 Larus, 188 Singing, 644 brachytarsus,Contopus, 392 Tawny-shouldered,641 brachyura, Chaetura, 278 Tricolored, 641 Myrrnotherula, 364 White-browed, 642 Synallaxis, 348 Yellow-headed, 643 brachyurus, Buteo, 100, 101 INDEX 775

Myiarchus, 405 Bullfinch, 669 Ramphocinclus,521 Azores, 669 Brambling,658 Baikal, 669 branickii, Theristicus, 50 Cuban, 594 Brant, 60 Eurasian, 669 Black, 61 Greater Antillean, 596 White-bellied, 61 Lesser Antillean, 596 Branta, 59 Puerto Rican, 596 brasilianum, Glaucidium, 260 bullockii, Icterus, 654, 655 brasilianus, Phalacrocorax, 32, 33 Bulweria, 16 brasiliensis,Leptotila, 228 bulwerii, Bulweria, 16, 17 bresilius,Ramphocelus, 580 Bunting,Blue, 636 brevipennis,Vireo, 430 Gray, 629 brevipes,Aratinga, 234 Indigo, 637 Heteroscelus, 157 Lapland, 627 brevirostris,Brachyramphus, 212 Lark, 615 Pterodroma, 14 Lazuli, 637 Rhynchocyclus,384 Leclancher's, 638 Rissa, 195 Little, 628 brevis, Ramphastos,330, 695 McKay's, 630 breviunguis,Dendroica, 550 Orange-breasted,638 breweri, Anas, 698 Painted, 638 Spizella, 611 Pallas's, 629 brewsteri,Empidonax, 395 Pine, 628 Siphonorhis,269 Reed, 629 brewsterii,Aegiothus, 703 (see also Reed-Bunting) bridgesi,Thamnophilus, 362 Rose-bellied, 637 Brilliant, Green-crowned, 305 Rosita's, 637 Brotogeris, 239 Rustic, 628 Brown-Jay,Plain-tipped, 444 Snow, 630 White-tipped, 444 Townsend's, 702 browni, Thryorchilus,484 Varied, 638 brucei, Otus, 254 Yellow-breasted, 629 brunneicapillum,Ornithion, 373 Burhinidae, 141 brunneicapillus,Campylorhynchus, 473 Burhinus, 141 brunneicollis,Troglodytes, 480 burmeisteri.Phyllomyias, 379 brunneinuchus, Buarremon, 601 Burrica, 661 brunnescens,Premnoplex, 349 burrovianus, Cathartes, 52 Brush-Finch, Black-headed, 602 Busarellus, 92 Chestnut-capped,601 Bush-Robin,Orange-flanked, 496 Green-striped,602 Bush-Tanager,Ashy-throated, 571 Brown-headed, 570 Plain-breasted, 602 Common, 570 Rufous-capped,601 Dotted, 570 Stripe-headed,602 Drab-breasted, 571 White-naped,601 Olive-crowned, 571 Yellow-throated, 601 Pirre, 570 bryantae,Calliphlox, 307 Sooty-capped,570 Buarremon, 601 Tacarcuna, 570 Bubo, 257 Volcano, 571 Bubulcus, 43 Yellow-throated, 571 buccinator, Cygnus, 62 Bush-Warbler, Chinese, 489 Bucco, 325 Japanese,489 Bucconidae, 324 Manchurian, 489 Bucephala, 82 Bushtit, 467 buckleyi, Columbina, 227 Black-eared, 468 Budgerigar,232 Common, 468 Budgerygah,232 Buteo, 99 Buffiehead, 82 buteo, Buteo, 691 buffonii, Chalybura, 302 Buteogallus,97 Bulbul, Himalayan, 487 Buthraupis,582 Red-vented, 487 Butorides, 36, 44 Red-whiskered, 487 Buzzard, 99 Sooty-headed,487 Common, 691 bulleri, Puffinus, 19 Rough-legged,103 776 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

C Cailipepla, 125 Polioptila, 492, 493 cabanisi, Basileuterus, 565 californicum, Giaucidium, 259 Meiozone, 604 californicus, Larus, 189, 190 Tangara, 586 caligatus, Trogon, 316 cachinnans,Herpetotheres, 107 Cailichelidon, 457 Larus, 190 cailinota, Terenura, 366 Cacicus, 656 calliope, Luscinia, 495 Cacique, Chapman's,656 Steilula, 311 Curve-billed, 656 Callipepla, 124 Flame-rumped,656 Cailiphiox, 307 Mexican, 657 cailizonus, Xenotriccus, 389 Pacific, 656 caiiophrys, Chiorophonia, 586 Pr•vost's, 656 caliopterus, Piculus, 342 Saffron-rumped,657 Calocitta, 442 Scarlet-rumped,656 caiolaerna, Larnpornis, 304, 305 Small-billed, 656 Caionectris, 17 Subtropical,656 Caiothorax, 307, 308 Yellow-billed, 656 Calypte, 310 Yellow-rumped,656 Calyptophilus,572 Yellow-winged, 657 Carnpephilus,346 cactorurn,Aratinga, 236 carnpestris,Euneornis, 596 Cactus-Wren, Band-backed, 472 Carnptorhynchus,79 Banded, 472 Carnptostorna,373, 374 Boucard's, 473 Carnpyiopterus,285 Chiapas,472 Carnpyiorharnphus,360 Gray, 472 Carnpyiorhynchus,471 Northern, 473 Canachites, 119 canadensis, Branta, 59, 60 Rufous-naped,472 Spotted,473 Caryothraustes,632, 633 White-headed, 471 Ectopistes,225 Yucatan, 473 Falcipennis, 119 Grus, 140 caerulatus, Garrulax, 697 Perisoreus, 441 caerulea, Egretta, 42 Sitta, 468 Guiraca, 636 Wiisonia, 562 Polioptila, 492 canagica, Chen, 58 caeruleirostris, Loxops, 677 canaria, Serinus, 669 caeruleogaster,Chalybura, 303 Canary, 669 caeruleogularis,Aulacorhynchus, 329 Common, 669 caerulescens, Chen, 58 Yellow-fronted, 669 Dendroica, 541 cancrorninus,Piatyrinchus, 385 Estriida, 681 candei, Manacus, 423, 424 Geranospiza, 95 candicans, Caprirnuigus,273 Melanotis, 521 candida, Arnazilia, 297 caeruleus, Cyanerpes,590 Gygis, 207 Elanus, 89 canescens,Arnphispiza beili, 615 cafer, Colaptes, 344 caniceps,Geotrygon, 231 Pycnonotus,487 Junco, 625 caffer, Apus, 280 Myiopagis, 375 Cahow, 14 canicularis,Aratinga, 235 cahow, Pterodroma, 14 canigularis, Chiorospingus,571 Cairina, 64 canivetii, Chiorostiibon, 291,292 cajanea, Aramides, 133 canora, Tiaris, 594 Calamospiza,615 canorus, Cuculus, 246 calandra, Melanocorypha,696 Garrulax, 514 Caicarius, 626 cantans, Lonchura, 682 caledonicus,Nycticorax, 46 Telespiza, 671 calendula, Regulus,487, 488 canturians, Cettia, 489 Calidridini, 165 canus, Larus, 187 Calidris, 165, 174 canutus, Calidris, 166 californianus, Geococcyx,251 Canvasback, 74 Gyrnnogyps,53 Capella, 177 californica, Apheiocorna,446 capense,Daption, 686 INDEX 777 capensis,Morus, 30 Carpodacus, 660 Zonotrichia, 622 Carpodectes,421 capillatus, Phalacrocorax, 33 carrikeri, Geotrygon, 230 capistratus, Carnpylorhynchus,472 Caryothraustes, 632, 633 capitalis, Aphanotriccus,388 Casrnerodius, 39, 41 Pezopetes, 600 caspia, Sterna, 197 capitata, Paroaria, 599 caspicus, Podiceps, 8 Capito, 328 Cassiculus, 656, 657 Capitoninae,328 Cassidix, 644, 645, 646, 647 Caprimulgidae,267 cassini,Leptotila, 229 Caprimulgiformes,267 Psarocolius, 658 Caprimulginae,268 Veniliornis, 342 Caprirnulgus,270 cassinii,Airnophila, 607 Capsiernpis,375 Carpodacus,661 Caracara, 106 Mitrospingus, 573 Caracara, Crested, 106 Vireo, 434 Guadalupe,107 castanea, Dendroica, 549 Red-throated, 106 castaneiceps,Lysurus, 600 Southern, 107 castaneoventris,Larnpornis, 304 Yellow-headed, 107 castaneus, Celeus, 345 Caracarinae, 106 Pachyrarnphus,418 carbo, Cepphus,211, 693 Thryothorus,476 Phalacrocorax, 32, 33 castro, Oceanodrorna, 23, 24, 25 Rarnphocelus,580 Catbird, 516 carbonata, Sylvia, 702 Black, 516 Cardellina, 563 Common, 516 Cardinal, 634 Gray, 515 Brazilian, 599 Northern, 516 Common, 634 Catharacta, 181, 182 Long-crested,634 Catharopeza, 539, 551 Northern, 633 Cathartes, 52 Red-crested, 599 Cathartidae, 51 Vermilion, 634 Catharus, 502, 506 Yellow-billed, 599 Catherpes, 473, 474 Cardinalidae, 631 Catoptrophorus,156 Cardinalis, 633 Cattle-Egret,Common, 44 cardinalis, Cardinalis, 633 Eastern, 44 cardonensis, Otus kennicottii, 255 caudacutus, Arnrnodrarnus,618, 619 Carduelinae, 659 Hirundapus, 279 Carduelis, 664, 668 Passerherbulus, 618 carduelis, Carduelis, 668 caudatus,Ptilogonys, 531 Carib, Green-throated, 289 Theristicus, 50 Purple-throated,288 caudifasciatus,Tyrannus, 414 caribaea, Colurnba, 220 caurinus, Corvus, 450 Fulica, 138 cauta, Thalassarche, 10 caribaeus, Contopus,392, 393 cayana, Dacnis, 589 Vireo, 431 Piaya, 249 caribbaea, Pterodrorna, 14 cayanensis,Leptodon, 87 carinaturn, Electron, 322 Myiozetetes, 408 caripensis, Steatornis, 274 cayanus,Hoploxypterus, 691 carrnioli, Chlorothraupis, 573, 574 cayennensis,Caprirnulgus, 273 Vireo, 435, 436 Colurnba, 218 carneipes,Puffinus, 18 Mesernbrinibis, 49 carneus, Cardinalis, 634 Panyptila, 281 carolina, Porzana, 134 Vanellus, 142 carolinensis, Anas, 73 cayrnanensis,Melanerpes, 336 Caprirnulgus,270, 271 cedrorurn,Bornbycilla, 530 Conuropsis, 234 cela, Cacicus, 656 Dumetella, 515 celaeno, Rhodothraupis,633 Poecile, 463, 464 celata, Verrnivora, 535 Sitta, 469 Celeus, 345 catolinus, Euphagus, 645 Centrocercus, 118 Melanerpes, 336 Centronyx,616 carpalis, Airnophila,607 Centurus, 332, 334 778 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Cephalopterus,422 Chen, 58 Cephini, 211 cheriway, Caracara, 106 Cepphus,211 cherriei, Cypseloides,276 Cerchneis, 108 cherrug, Falco, 110 Cercomacra, 366 chiapensis,Campylorhynchus, 472 Cerorhinca, 216 Chickadee,Black-capped, 463 cerritus, Manacus vitellinus, 424 Boreal, 465 Certhia, 470 Brown-capped,465 certhia, Dendrocolaptes,357 Carolina, 463 Certhiaxis, 348 Chestnut-backed, 465 Certhiidae, 470 Grey-headed,465 Certhiinae, 470 Mexican, 464 certhiola, Locustella, 489 Mountain, 464 cerulea, Dendroica, 550 Siberian, 465 Procelsterna, 207 Chicken, Prairie, 122 cerverai, Cyanolimnas, 135 (see also Prairie-Chicken) Ferminia, 480 chihi, Plegadis, 49 cervicalis, Pterodroma, 15 chilensis,Accipiter, 94 cervinus, Anthus, 528 Catharacta, 181, 692 Ceryle, 322 Phoenicopterus, 54, 689 Cerylinae, 322 Vanellus, 142 Cettia, 489 chimachima,Milvago, 107 Chachalaca, Black, 114 chinchorroensis, Elaenia, 376 Chestnut-winged,112 chinensis,Streptopelia, 222 Gray-headed,112 chionogaster,Accipiter, 93 Plain, 112 chionopectus,Amazilia, 695 Rufous-bellied, 112 chionura, Elvira, 302 Rufous-tailed, 112 chiriquensis,Columba, 221 Rufous-tipped,112 Elaenia, 377 Rufous-vented, 112 Geothlypis,560 Wagler's, 113 Geotrygon,230 West Mexican, 113 Scytalopus,372 White-bellied, 113 chiriri, Brotogeris, 240, 694 Chaetoptila, 428 Chiroprion, 425 Chaetura, 276, 277 Chiroxiphia, 425 Chaeturinae, 277 chivi, Vireo, 437 Chaffinch, 658 Chlidonias, 204 Common, 658 Chloridops,673 chalybea, Progne, 455, 456 chloris, Carduelis, 698 Chalybura, 302 Hemignathus, 674 Chamaea, 514 Piprites, 417 Chamaeidae, 514 Chloroceryle, 323 Chamaepetes,113 Chloroenas, 218 Chamaethlypis,558, 560 chloronotus,Arremonops, 603 Chamcepelia,225 Chlorophanes,589 chapalensis,Geothlypis, 558 Chlorophonia, 585 chapmani, Chaetura, 277, 278 Chlorophonia,Blue-crowned, 586 Charadrii, 141 Golden-browed, 586 Charadriidae, 142 Yellow-collared, 586 Charadriiformes, 141 Chloropipo, 423 Charadriinae, 142 chloroptera, Aratinga, 235 Charadrius, 144, 149 chloropterus,Ara, 237 Chasiempis, 452 chloropus,Gallinula, 137 Chat, Gray-throated,568 chlororhynchos,Thalassarche, 10 Ground, 560 Chlorospingus,570 Red-breasted, 568 chlorostephana,Amazilia, 298 Rose-breasted,568 Chlorostilbon, 291 Tres Marias, 568 Chlorothraupis,573 Yellow-breasted, 567 Chlorura, 604 Chat-Tanager,Eastern, 572 chlorurus, Pipilo, 604 Highland, 572 chocoensis,Scytalopus, 372 Lowland, 572 choliba, Otus, 256 Western, 572 Chondestes, 613 Chaulelasmus, 65, 66 Chondrohierax, 87 INDEX 779

Chordeiles, 267 Pachyramphus,418 Chordeilinae, 267 Circus, 92 Chroicocephalus,184 Ciridops, 677 chrysaetos,Aquila, 104 ciris, Passerina, 638 chrysater,Icterus, 651,654 cirrhata, Fratercula, 217 chrysauchen,Melanerpes, 333, 334 cirrocephalus,Larus, 692 Chryserpes,332, 334 Cissilopha,443 chrysia, Geotrygon, 229 Cistothorus, 482 chrysocaulosus,Colaptes, 344 cttrea, Protonotaria, 553 chrysocephalus,Myiodynastes, 409 citreola, Motacilla, 525 chrysochloros,Piculus, 343 citreolaemus,Ramphastos, 330 chrysocrotaphum,Todirostrum, 383 citreolus, Trogon, 315 chrysogaster,Pheucticus, 634 citrina, Wilsonia, 561 chrysogenys,Melanerpes, 334 citrine!la, Emberiza, 628 chrysoides,Colaptes, 344 clarnator,Pseudoscops, 265 Chrysolampis,289 C!anganas,82 Chrysolophus,401 C!angocygnus,62 chrysomelaena,Chrysothlypis, 571 C!angula, 81 chrysomelas,Chrysothlypis, 572 clangula, Bucephala, 82 chrysoparia,Dendroica, 543, 544 C!aravis, 227 chrysopeplus,Pheucticus, 634, 635 clarkii, Aechmophorus,9 chrysophrys,Tangara, 587 Otus, 256 chrysops,Sicalis, 598 clathratus, Trogon, 317 chrysoptera,Vermivora, 533, 534, 701,702 clemenciae,Lampornis, 304 Chrysoptilus,343, 344 clypeata,Anas, 71 chrysostoma,Thalassarche, 685 Cnipodectes,383 Chrysothlypis,571 coccinea, Vestiaria, 677 Chrysotrogon,315 coccineus,Loxops, 677 Chuck-will's-widow, 270 Coccothraustes, 670 Chukar, 114 coccothraustes, Coccothraustes, 670 chukar, Alectoris, 114 Coccyzinae,246 Ciccaba, 262 Coccyzus,246 Cichalopia, 522 Cochleariini, 47 Cichlherminia, 512 Cochlearius, 47 ciconia, Ciconia, 689 cochlearius, Cochlearius, 47 Ciconiae, 50 cocoi, Ardea, 40 Ciconiidae, 50 coelebs,Fringi!!a, 658 Ciconiiformes, 36 Coereba, 569 cincinnatiensis,Helminthophaga, 702 Coerebidae, 569 Cinclidae, 486 coeruleogularis,Lepidopyga, 295 Cinclocerthia, 522 coerulescens,Aphelocoma, 446 Cinclus, 486 Saltator, 631 cinctus, Poecile, 465 coeruliceps,Momotus, 321 Rhynchortyx,128 Colaptes,343 cineracea, Pyrrhula, 669 colchicus, Phasianus, 117 cinerascens,Myiarchus, 404, 405 Colibri, 286 cinerea, Ardea, 40 Colinus, 125 Motaci!!a, 526 Collared-Dove, African, 222 Proce!!aria, 687 Eurasian, 222 Scolopax,158 coilaria, Amazona, 242 Serpophaga,378 collaris, Accipiter, 93 Tringa, 158 Aythya, 75 cinereicauda, Lampornis, 305 Charadrius, 145 cinereiceps,Ortalis, 112 Ploceus, 680 cinereigulare, Oncostoma,382 Trogon, 316, 317 cinereiventris, Chaetura, 279 co!liei, Calocitta, 443 Microbates, 491 co!lurio, Lanius, 428 cinereum, Todirostrum, 383 colombianus, Neocrex, 135 Toxostorna, 519 colombica, Thalurania, 294 cinereus, Circus, 93 Colonia, 401 Contopus,392 colonus, Colonia, 401 Ptilogonys,531 coloratus,Myadestes, 500, 501 Xenus, 158 colubris, Archilochus, 309, 310 cinnamomeus,Crypturellus, 2 Columba, 218 780 CHECK-LISTOF NORTHAMERICAN BIRDS

columba, Cepphus,211 Red-faced, 33 columbarius, Falco, 109 Red-legged,688 columbiana,Nucifraga, 448 White-breasted, 33 columbianus,Crypturellus, 2 corniculata, Fratercula, 217 Cygnus, 62 cornix, Corvus, 696 Columbidae, 218 coromanda, Bulbucus, 44 Columbiformes, 218 coronata, Dendroica, 542 Columbigallina, 225, 226, 227 Paroaria, 599 Columbina, 225 Pipra, 425, 426 Colyrnbus,7 Zeledonia, 567 Comarophagus, 574 coronatus,Harpyhaliaetus, 99 Comb-Duck, African, 64 Onychorhynchus,386 American, 64 Platyrinchus, 385 concolor, Amaurolimnas, 133 corone, Corvus, 450, 696 Amaurospiza, 594 Corthylio, 488 Condor, California, 53 Corvidae, 441 Conebill, White-eared, 569 corvina, Sporophila, 592 confinis, Turdus, 511 Corvus, 449 conirostris,Arremonops, 603 Coryphotriccus,409 Conirostrum, 569 costae, Calypte, 310 Conopias, 409 costaricensis,Geotrygon, 230 conspicillatus,Forpus, 239 Ramphocelus,580, 581 constantii, Hellomaster, 306 Touit, 240 Contopus,390 Cotinga, 420 Conure, 234 Cotinga, Antonia's,422 Hoffmann's, 233 Black-tipped,421 Nanday, 693 Blue, 421 Conuropsis,234 Lovely, 420 conversii, Discosura, 291 Snowy, 422 cookii, Pterodroma, 16 Turquoise,421 cooperi, Contopus,390 Yellow-billed, 421 Otus, 255 Cotingidae,420, 426 Tringa, 699 cotta, Myiopagis, 376 cooperii, Accipiter, 94 Coturnicops, 129 Coot, 137 Coturnix, 116 American, 138 coturnix, Coturnix, 116 Caribbean, 138 couchii, Aphelocoma,447 Eurasian, 137 Tyrannus, 412 European,137 couesi, Anas, 66 Hawaiian, 138 Cowbird, Bronze-brown, 648 Coprotheres, 182 Bronzed, 648 Copsychus,497 Brown-headed, 648 Coquette,Adorable, 291 Giant, 649 Black-crested, 290 Glossy, 648 Rufous-crested,290 Red-eyed, 648 Short-crested,290 Shiny, 648 White-crested, 291 Cracidae, 112 Coraciiformes, 319 Cracoidea, 112 Coragyps, 51 Crake, Colombian, 135 Corapipo, 424 Corn, 131 corax, Corvus, 452 Gray-breasted,130 Cordonbleu, Red-cheeked, 681 Ocellated, 129 Cormorant, 33 Paint-billed, 135 Amchitka, 688 Ruddy, 130 Black, 33 Spotted,134 Brandt's, 32 Uniform, 133 Common, 33 White-throated, 130 Double-crested, 32 Yellow-breasted, 134 Great, 33 Crane, 140 Guanay,688 Common, 140 Neotropic, 32 European,140 Olivaceous, 32 Sandhill, 140 Pallas's, 688 Whooping, 141 Pelagic, 34 Crane-Hawk, Banded, 96 INDEX 781

Blackish, 96 Tyrannus, 414 Gray, 96 Cuckoo, 246 Cranioleuca, 348 Bay-breasted,249 crassirostris, Larus, 187 Black-billed, 247 Lysurus, 600 Chestnut-bellied, 249 Tyrannus, 412 Cocos, 248 Vireo, 431 Common, 246 craveri, Synthliborarnphus,213 Dark-billed, 248 Crax, 114 Dwarf, 694 Craxirex, 99 Gray-capped,694 creatopus,Puffinus, 18 Ground, see Ground-Cuckoo crecca, Anas, 73 Himalayan,246 Creeper,Brown, 470 Little, 250 Hawaii, 676, 677 Lizard, see Lizard-Cuckoo Hawaiian, 676 Mangrove, 248 Kauai, 676 Oriental, 246 Maui, 676 Pearly-breasted,247 Molokai, 676 Pheasant, 250 Oahu, 676 Squirrel, 249 Crex, 131 Striped, 250 crex, Crex, 131 Sunda, 246 crinitus, Myiarchus, 405 Yellow-billed, 247 crissale, Toxostorna, 520 Cuculidae, 246 crissalis,Pipilo, 606 Cuculiformes, 246 Verrnivora, 536 Cuculinae, 246 cristata, Cyanocitta, 442 cucullata, Carduelis, 667 Eucornetis, 574 Cyanolyca,445 Lophostrix, 257 Lonchura, 682 cristatella, Aethia, 215 Tangara, 588 cristatellus, Acridotheres, 524 cucullatus, Icterus, 651 cristatus, Colinus, 126 Lophodytes,84 Lanius, 428 Ploceus, 680 Orthorhyncus,289 Cuculus, 246 Oxyruncus,427 culicivorus, Basileuterus, 565 Pavo, 118 culik, Selenidera, 330 Crocethia, 166 cubninatus,Rarnphastos, 330 croconotus, Icterus, 652 cunicularia, Athene, 261 Crossbill, 663 cupido, Tyrnpanuchus,121, 122 Red, 662 cupreiceps, Elvira, 302 White-winged, 663 Curassow, Great, 114 Crotophaga, 252 Curlew, 162 Crotophaginae,252 Bristle-thighed,161 Crow, American, 449 Common, 162 Carrion, 696 Eskimo, 159 Common, 450 Eurasian, 161 Cuban, 450 Far Eastern, 161 Fish, 451 HudsonJan, 160 Hawaiian, 451 Little, 159 Hooded, 696 Long-billed, 162 Jamaican, 451 Slender-billed, 161 Mexican, 451 currucoides, Sialia, 499 Northwestern, 450 Curucujus, 315 Palm, 450 curvipennis, Carnpylopterus,285, 286 Sinaloa, 451 curvirostra, Loxia, 662 Tamaulipas,451 curvirostre, Toxostorna, 520 White-necked, 450 cuvieri, Rarnphastos,331 cruentatus,Melanerpes, 334 Regulus, 488, 701 Crypticus, 321 cuvierii, Phaeochroa, 285 cryptoleuca,Progne, 455 cyane, Luscinia, 496 cryptoleucus,Corvus, 452 cyanea, Passerina, 637 Crypturellus, 1 cyaneoviridis,Tachycineta, 458 cryptus, Cypseloides,275 Cyanerpes,589, 590 cubanensis,Caprirnulgus, 271 cyanescens,Galbula, 327 cubensis, Ara, 237 cyaneus, Circus, 92 782 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Cyanerpes,590 Demigretta, 41, 42 cyanifrons,Amazilia, 298 Dendragapus, 119, 120 cyanocephala,Amazilia, 298, 301,700 Dendrocincla, 355 Euphonia, 584 Dendrocolaptes,357 Starnoenas, 232 Dendrocolaptidae,354 cyanocephalus,Euphagus, 645 Dendrocolaptinae,354 Gymnorhinus,447 Dendrocopos, 338 Cyanocitta,442 Dendrocygna, 55 Cyanocompsa,636, 637 Dendrocygninae,55 Cyanocorax, 443 Dendrocygnini,55 cyanoides,Cyanocompsa, 636 Dendroica, 539 cyanoleuca,Pygochelidon, 458 Dendroplex, 358 Cyanolimnas,135 Dendrortyx, 123 Cyanolyca,445 derbianus,Oreophasis, 114 Cyanophaia,294 diadema, Amazona, 244 cyanophrys,Eupherusa, 301 dialeucos,Odontophorus, 127 cyanoptera,Anas, 70 diazi, Anas, 68 cyanopygius,Forpus, 239 Dichromanassa, 41, 43 cyanotus,Colibri, 287 Dickcissel, 639 cyanura, Amazilia, 299 dickeyi, Cyanocorax,443 cyanurus,Tarsiger, 496 dicolorus,Ramphastos, 330 Cyclarhis, 441 difficilis, Empidonax,39'7, 398 Cyclorhynchus,214, 384 Diglossa, 597 Cygnini, 61 dilectissima, Touit, 240 Cygnus,61 dimidiatus, Ramphocelus,580 cygnus,Cygnus, 63 dimorpha, Egretta, 41 Cymbilaimus,361 Diomedea, 11 Cymochorea,23 diomedea, Calonectris, 17 Cynanthus,293 Diomedeidae, 9 Cyphorhinus,486 diphone, Cettia, 489 Cypseloides,275, 276 Dipper, American, 486 Cypseloidinae,275 North American, 486 Cyrtonyx, 128 discolor, Dendroica, 548 Cyrtopelicanus,30 discors, Anas, 70 Discosura, 291 D dissita, Cranioleuca, 349 Dacnis, 589, 590 Diver, Black-throated, 4 Dacnis, Blue, 589 Great Northern, 5 Scarlet-thighed,589 White-billed, 5 Viridian, 589 Dives, 644 dactylatra, Sula, 28 dives, Dives, 644 Dactylortyx, 127 Hylopezus,371 Dafila, 65 Dixiphia, 425 daguae, Turdus, 510 dolei, Palmeria, 678 Damophila, 295 doliatus, Thamnophilus, 361 Daptrius, 106 Dolichonyx, 639 Darter, American, 34 domestica, Lithoenas, 218 dauurica, Muscicapa,495 domesticus, Passer, 679 decaocto,Streptopelia, 222 Troglodytes,480, 481 Deconychura,356 dominica, Dendroica, 546, 547, 702 decora, Arnazilia, 298 Pluvialis, 143, 144 decumanus, Psarocolius, 657 dominicanus, Larus, 692 decurtatus,Hylophilus, 440 dominicensis, Carduelis, 667 defilippiana,Pterodroma, 15, 16, 687 Icterus, 649, 650 deglandi, Melanitta, 80 Progne, 455, 456 deiroleucus, Falco, 110 Spindalis,58 delatrii, Tachyphonus,575 Tyrannus, 414 delattrei, Lophornis,290 dominicus, Anthracothorax, 288 delattrii, Basileuterus, 566 Dulus, 532 delawarensis, Larus, 188 Nomonyx,85 delicata, Gallinago, 177 Tachybaptus,6 Delichon, 463 Donacobius, 471 delphinae,Colibri, 286 Donacobius,Black-capped, 471 Deltarhynchus,407 Doricha, 307 INDEX 783 dorsale, Toxostoma, 521 Mexican, 69 dorsalis, Junco, 626 Mottled, 69 Doryfera, 284 Muscovy, 64 Dotterel, 149 Ring-necked,75 Eurasian, 149 Ruddy, 86 doubledayi,Chlorostilbon, 293 Spot-billed,69 douga!lii, Sterna, 199 Tree, see Tree-Duck douglasii, Callipepla, 124, 125, 698 Tufted, 75 Dove, Barbary, 222 Whistling, see Whistling-Duck Barred, 223 Wood, 65 Brazilian, 228 Dulidae, 532 Brown-backed, 228 Dulus, 532 Caribbean, 228 Durnetella, 515, 516 Cassin's, 229 durnicola, Hirundo, 463 Collared, see Collared-Dove Dunlin, 172 Eared, 224 dupontii,Tilrnatura, 308 Gray-chested,229 Dysitharnnus,363 Gray-fronted,228 Dysrnorodrepanis,672 Gray-headed,228 Dytes, 7 Grenada, 228 Ground, see Ground-Dove E Inca, 225 Eagle, Bald, 91 Mourning, 224 Booted, 691 Pacific, 223 Crested, 103 Peaceful, 223 Golden, 104 Plumbeous, 699 Harpy, 103 Quail, see Quail-Dove Hawk, see Hawk-Eagle Rock, 218 Sea, see Sea-Eagle Socorro, 225 Solitary, 99 Spotted,222 White-tailed, 91 Turtle, see Turtle-Dove eatoni, Anas, 72 White-bellied, 229 eburnea, Pagophila, 196 White-fronted, 228 ecaudatus,Myiornis, 381 White-tipped,227 Ectopistes,225 White-winged,223 edward, Arnazilia, 299 Zebra, 223 Egret, American,41 Zenaida, 224 Cattle, 44 Dovekie, 208 (see also Cattle-Egret) dowii, Tangara, 588, 589 Chinese, 41 Dowitcher,Long-billed, 176 Common, 41 Short-billed, 175 Great, 40 Drepanidinae,671 Intermediate, 689 Drepanis, 677 Lesser, 689 Dromococcyx,250 Little, 41 dryas, Catharus, 503 Reddish, 43 drygalskii,Anas, 72 Snowy,42 Dryobates, 339 Yellow-billed, 689 Dryocopus,345 Egretta, 41, 43 dubius, Charadrius, 148 Eider, 77 dubusii, Icterus xanthornus, 698 Eider, 78 Duck, American Black, 68 Cormnon, 78 Bahama, 71 King, 77 Black, 68 Pacific, 78 Comb, 64 Spectacled,77 (see also Comb-Duck) Steller's, 77 Falcated, 66 ekmani, Caprirnulgus,271 Ferruginous,690 E!aenia, 376 Harlequin, 79 Elaenia, Caribbean, 376 Hawaiian, 69 Chinchorro, 376 Labrador, 79 Forest, 375 Laysan, 69 Gray, 375 Long-tailed,82 Greater Antillean, 377 Mandarin, 690 Greenish, 376 Masked, 85 Jamaican, 376 784 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Jamaican Yellow-crowned, 376 Piranga, 580 Lesser, 377 erythrocephalus,Melanerpes, 333 Mountain, 377 erythrocercus,Philydor, 352 Yellow-bellied, 377 erythrogaster,Hirundo, 462 Elaeniinae, 373 erythronemius,Accipiter, 94 Elanoides, 88 erythronotus,Philydor, 352 Elanus, 89 erythrophthalmus,Pipilo, 605 elatus, Tyrannulus,375 erythrops,Cranioleuca, 348 Electron, 321 Neocrex, 135 elegans, Celeus,345, 701 Odontophorus,127 Progne,455, 456 erythropthalmus,Coccyzus, 247 Rallus, 131, 132 erythropus,Anser, 57 Sterna, 198, 199 Crypturellus, 2 Trogon, 316 Tringa, 154 elegantissima,Euphonia, 584 erythropygius,Pteroglossus, 329 Elepaio, 452 Xiphorhynchus,359, 360 elgasi,Anser albifrons,57 erythropygus,Morococcyx, 251 eliciae, Hylocharis, 295 erythrorhyncha,Urocissa, 695 elisabeth, Myadestes,500 erythrorhynchos,Pelecanus, 31 eliza, Doricha, 308 Erythrosoma,564 ellioti, Atthis, 312 erythrothorax,Synallaxis, 348 ellisiana, Akialoa, 675 erythrura, Ara, 700 ellisianus,Hemignathus, 675 erythrurus, Terenotriccus,386 Elyira, 302 Estrilda, 681 Emberiza, 628 Estrildidae, 680 Emberizidae, 591 Estrildinae, 680 Emberizoides, 599 Eubranta, 59 Emerald, Allied, 292 Eubucco, 328 Blue-tailed, 292, 694 euchrysea,Tachycineta, 458 Brace's, 292 Eucometis, 574 Canivet's, 292 Eucorystes,657 Coppery-headed,302 Eudocimus, 47 Cozumel, 292 Eudromias, 144, 149 Cuban, 292 Eugenes, 305 Fork-tailed, 292 Eulabeornis, 132, 133 Garden, 292 Eulampis, 288 Golden-crowned, 291 euleri, Coccyzus,247 Hispaniolan,293 Lathrotriccus, 388 Honduran, 297 eulophotes,Egretta, 41 Puerto Rican, 293 Eumomota, 322 Salvin's, 292 Euneornis, 596 White-bellied, 297 Eunetta, 65, 66 White-chested, 695 eunomus, Turdus, 507 White-tailed, 302 Euodice, 682 Empidonax,388, 393 euops,Aratinga, 235 Empidonomus,411 Euphagus,644 Endomychura,213 Eupherusa,301 enicura, Doricha, 307 Euphonia, 582 enucleator, Pinicola, 660 Euphonia,Antillean, 584 episcopus,Thraupis, 581 Black-tailed, 583 epops, Upupa, 319 Black-throated, 583 Erator, 420 Blue-hooded, 584 erckelii, Francolinus, 115 Bonaparte's,584 Eremophila, 453 Bronze-green,697 Ereunetes, 165 Elegant, 584 Ergaticus, 563 Fulvous-vented, 584 Erionotus, 361 Golden-romped,584 erithachorides, Dendroica, 539 Gould's, 585 Erithacus, 495, 496 Jamaican, 583 Erolia, 166 Lesson's, 583 Erythrina, 660 Olive-backed, 585 erythrinus,Carpodacus, 661 Orange-bellied,585 erythrocephala,Ara, 700 Pale-vented, 583 Pipra, 426 Scrub, 583 INDEX 785

Spot-crowned,584 fasciaturn, Tigrisoma, 38 Tawny-bellied, 585 fasciatus, Carnpylorhynchus,472 Tawny-capped,585 Myiophobus, 387 Thick-billed, 583 Philortyx, 125 White-vented, 585 feae, Pterodroma, 14, 686 Yellow-crowned, 583 fedoa, Lirnosa, 163 Yellow-throated, 583 felix, Thryothorus,477, 478 Euplectes,680 fernoralis, Falco, 109 Eupoda, 144, 149 ferina, Aythya, 75 Euptilotis, 318 Ferminia, 480 eurygnatha, Sterna, 198, 199 fernandinae, Colaptes,345 Eurynorhynchus,174 Teretistris, 561 Eurypyga, 139 ferox, Myiarchus, 404 Eurypygidae,139 ferruginea, Calidris, 173, 699 Euthlypis, 565 Oxyura, 86 Eutoxeres, 284 Tadorna, 690 evelynae, Calliphlox, 307 ferrugineus, Coccyzus,248 Exanthemops,58 festinus, Troglodytesochraceus, 482 excellens,Campylopterus, 285 Ficedula, 494 excubitor, Lanius, 429 Fieldfare, 508 exilipes, Carduelis, 665 Finch, Brush, see Brush-Finch exilis, lxobrychus,37 Cassin's, 661 Laterallus, 130 Cassin'sPurple, 662 eximia, Eupherusa, 301 Cocos, 597 eximius, Vireolanius, 440 Fire, see Fire-Finch exquisita,Pipra, 426 Grass, see Grass-Finch exquisitus,Coturnicops, 129 Grosbeak, 673 exsul, Myrmeciza, 367 Ground, see Ground-Finch externa, Pterodroma, 14, 15, 687 House, 662 exulans, Diomedea, 11 (see also House-Finch) exustus, Pterocles, 217 Java, 683 Large-footed, 600 F Laysan, 671 fabalis, Anser, 56, 689 Nihoa, 671 Fairy, Purple-crowned,306 Olive, 600 falcata, Anas, 66 Peg-billed, 597 falcinellus, Limicola, 174 Pelzeln's, 598 Plegadis, 48, 49 Purple, 661 Falcipennis, 119 Rosy, 659 Falco, 107 (see also Rosy-Finch) Falcon, Aplomado, 109 Saffron, 598 Barbary, 111 Seed, see Seed-Finch Bat, 110 Singing, see Singing-Finch Forest, see Forest-Falcon Slaty, 597 Gyr, 110 Sooty-faced,600 Laughing, 107 Spice, 683 Orange-breasted,110 St. Lucia Black, 596 Peregrine, 111 Strawberry, 682 Prairie, 111 Yellow, see Yellow-Finch Falcones, 105 Yellow-backed, 595 Falconidae, 105 Yellow-green, 600 Falconiformes, 51, 86 Yellow-thighed,600 Falconinae, 107 Finfoot, American, 139 Falconini, 107 finschi, Amazona, 243 falcularius, Campylorhamphus,360 Aratinga, 235 fallax, Bulweria, 17 Fire-Finch, African, 698 Elaenia, 377 Lavender, 681 familiaris, Acrocephalus,490 fischeri, Somateria, 77 Certhia, 470 Flamingo, 54 fannyi, Thalurania, 294 American, 54 farinosa, Arnazona,244 Chilean, 689 fasciata, Chamaea, 514 Greater, 54 Columba, 220 fiammea, Carduelis, 664, 665 fasciatoventris, Thryothorus,475 Paroreomyza, 676 786 CHECK-LISTOF NORTHAMERICAN BIRDS flammeolus, Otus, 254 Black-capped, 398 fiammeus, Asio, 264 Black-tailed, 387 Carduelis, 703 Boat-billed, 408 fiammigerus, Ramphocelus,580, 581 Bran-colored, 387 fiammula, Selasphorus,313, 314 Brown, 495 fiammulatus, Deltarhynchus,407 Brown-crested, 405 Flatbill, Eye-ringed,384 Brown-streaked, 495 Olivaceous, 384 Brownish, 383 fiava, Motacilla, 525 Buff-breasted, 398 Piranga, 577 Buff-rumped, 387 fiaveola, Capsiempis,375 Channel Islands, 398 Coereba, 569 Cocos, 374 Sicalis, 598 Cordilleran, 398 fiavescens, Celeus, 345 Coues's, 391 Empidonax, 398 Dark-capped,404 fiaviceps, Auriparus, 467 Dusky, 397 Rhodacanthis, 672 Dusky-capped,403 fiavicollis, Hemithraupis, 571 Euler's, 388 fiavifrons, Melanerpes, 334 Flammulated, 407 Vireo, 433, 701 Fork-tailed, 415 fiavigaster, Xiphorhynchus,358 Galapagos,401 fiavigularis, Chlorospingus,570, 571 Golden-bellied, 409 fiavipes, Hylophilus, 439 Golden-crowned, 409 Tringa, 153 Gray, 396 fiavirostris, Anas, 73 Gray-breasted,495 Chlorophonia,586 Gray-capped,408 Columba, 219, 220 Gray-spotted,495 Grallaricula, 372 Great Crested, 405 Porphyrula, 136 Grenada, 406 fiaviventer, Porzana, 134 Hammond's, 396 fiaviventris, Blacicus, 388 Kiskadee, 407 Empidonax, 393 La Sagra's, 406 Lathrotriccus, 388 Lawrence's, 388 Tyrannula, 388 Least, 395 fiavogaster, Elaenia, 377 Lesser Antillean, 406 fiavovelata, Geothlypis,559 Mugimaki, 494 fiavovirens, Phylloscartes,379 Narcissus, 494 fiavoviridis, Vireo, 438 Northern Beardless, 374 fiavus, Hemignathus,674 Nutting's, 404 Flicker, Common, 344 Ochre-bellied, 378 Cuban, 344 Olivaceous, 404 Fernandina's, 345 Olive-sided, 390 Gilded, 344 Olive-striped, 378 Guatemalan, 344 Ometepe,405 Northern, 344 Pacific-slope,397 Red-shafted, 344 Pale-throated, 405 Yellow-shafted, 344 Panama, 404 fiorenceae, Saucerottia, 700 Pileated, 389 fioresii, Selasphorus,701 Pine, 397 Florida, 41, 42 Piratic, 410 florida, Tangara, 587 Puerto Rican, 406 Florisuga, 286 Red-breasted, 494 Flowerpiercer,Cinnamon, 598 Red-throated, 494 Cinnamon-bellied, 598 Royal, 386 Rusty, 598 (see also Royal-Flycatcher) Slaty, 598 Ruddy-tailed, 386 Fluvicola, 401 Rufescent, 388 Fluvicolinae, 386 Rufous-tailed, 406 Flycatcher,Acadian, 394 Rusty-margined,408 Alder, 394 Sad, 403 Ash-throated, 404 Scissor-tailed, 414 Asian Brown, 495 Scrub, see Scrub-Flycatcher Belted, 389 Sepia-capped,378 Black-billed, 389 Siberian, 495 INDEX 787

Slaty-capped,379 franciscanus,Euplectes, 680 Small-headed, 702 Francolin, Black, 115 Social, 408 Erckel's, 115 Solitary, 410 Gray, 115 Sooty, 495 Francolinus, 115 Southern Beardless, 374 francolinus,Francolinus, 115 Stolid, 406 franklinii, Falcipennis, 119 Streaked, 410 frantzii, Catharus, 503 Sulphur-bellied,410 Elaenia, 377 Sulphur-rumped,387 Pteroglossus,329, 330 Tawny-breasted,387 Sernnornis, 329 Tawny-chested,388 Fratercula, 216 Tody, see Tody-Flycatcher Fraterculini, 216 Traill's, 395 freethii, Hirnatione,678 Tufted, 389 Fregata, 35 (see also Tufted-Flycatcher) Fregatae,35 Variegated,411 Fregatidae,35 Vermilion, 400 frenata, Chlorothraupis,573 Vermilion-crowned, 408 Frigatebird,Great, 35 Western, 398 Least, 36 White-ringed,409 Lesser, 36 White-throated, 395 Magnificent, 35 Wied's, 405 Fringilla, 658 Wied's Crested, 405 Fringillidae,658 Willow, 395 Fringillinae,658 Wright's, 397 Frog-Hawk, Blue, 93 Yellow-bellied, 393 Gray, 93 Yellow-margined,385 frontalis, Nonnula, 326 Yellow-olive, 384 frugilegus, Corvus,696 Yellow-throated, 409 frugivorus, Calyptophilus,572 Yellowish, 398 Fruitcrow,Purple-throated, 422 Yucatan, 403 fucosa, Tangara, 588 Foliage-gleaner,Buff-fronted, 352 fuertesi, lcterus, 651 Buff-throated, 352 fulgens, Eugenes,305 Dusky-winged,352 Fulica, 137 Lineated, 351 fulica, Heliornis, 139 Ruddy, 352 fulicaria, Phalaropus,180 Rufous-backed, 352 fuliginosa, Dendrocincla, 355 Rufous-rumped,352 fuliginosus,Dendragapus, 121 Scaly-throated,351 Saltator, 632 Slaty-winged,351 fuligula, Aythya, 75 Spectacled,351 Fulmar, 13 Spot-breasted,351 Giant, 685 Forest-Falcon, Barred, 105 Northern, 12 Collared, 106 Southern, 685 Slaty-backed,105 Fulrnarus, 12 forficatus, Chlorostilbon,292 fulva, Petrochelidon,461 Elanoides, 88 Pluvialis, 144 Tyrannus,414 fulvescens,Junco, 626 Formicariidae, 370 Strix, 263 Forrnicarius, 370 fulvicauda, Phaeothlypis,567 Formicivora, 366 fulvicrissa, Euphonia,584 forrnicivorus,Melanerpes, 333 fulvifrons, Ernpidonax,398 formosa, Anas, 72 fulvigula, Anas, 69 Calocitta, 443 fulviventris,Myrmotherula, 364 formosus,Oporornis, 556, 702 furnigatus,Contopus, 391 fornsi, Teretistris,561 Cypseloides,275 Forpus, 239 Turdus, 509 forsteri, Sterna, 201 Veniliornis, 342 Fox-Sparrow,Red, 620 funerea, Drepanis, 678 Slate-colored, 620 funereus,Aegolius, 265 Sooty, 620 Oryzoborus, 593 Thick-billed, 620 furcata, Oceanodroma,23 francescae,Granatellus, 568 furcatus, Antbus, 529 788 CHECK-LISTOF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Creagrus, 692 Geococcyx, 251 Furnariidae, 347, 354 geoffroyi,Neomorphus, 251 fusca, Dendroica, 545 Geopelia, 223 Melanitta, 80 georgiana, Melospiza, 622 fuscata, Sterna, 203 georgica, Anas, 72 fuscater, Catharus, 502 Geothlypis,556, 558 fuscatus,Margarops, 522 Geotrygon, 229 Phylloscopus,490 Geranospiza,95 fuscescens,Catharus, 503, 504, 505, 506 Giant-Petrel, Antarctic, 685 fuscicauda, Habia, 576, 577 Southern, 685 fuscicollis, Calidris, 170 gibsoni, Chlorostilbon,695 fuscipennis,Philydor, 351 giganteus,Macronectes, 685 fuscus, Larus, 189, 190, 191 gigas, Podilymbus,6 Margarops, 522 gilvicollis, Micrastur, 105 Pipdo, 606 gilvus, Mimus, 517 Vireo, 436, 437 G glaber, Sublegatus,381 Gadwall, 66 glabricollis,Cephalopterus, 422 Common, 66 Melanoptila, 516 Coues's, 66 glacialis, Fulmarus, 12 gairnardi, Phalacrocorax, 688 glacialoides, Fulmarus, 13, 685 Glareola, 180 gairnardii, Myiopagis, 375 galapagensis,Anas, 71 glareola, Tringa, 155 Glareolidae, 180 Galbula, 327 Glareolinae, 180 galbula, Galbula, 327 Icterus, 653, 654, 655 glaucescens,Larus, 190, 191, 192, 193 Galbuli, 324 Glaucidium, 259 Galbulidae, 327 Glaucionetta, 82 galeata, Nurnida, 123 Glaucis, 282 galericulata, Aix, 690 glaucocolpa, Thraupis, 582 Galliformes, 112 glaucoides,Larus, 190 Gallinagini,176 glaucops, Tyto, 253 Gallinago, 177 Glottis, 153 gallinago, Gallinago, 177 Glyphorhynchus,356 Gallinula, 136 Gnatcatcher,Black-capped, 493 Gallinule, Azure, 136 Black-tailed, 492 Common, 137 Blue-gray, 492 Florida, 137 California, 492 Purple, 136 Cuban, 492 (see alsoPurple-Gallinule) Maranon, 493 gallopavo, Meleagris, 122 Plumbeous,493 Gallus, 116 Slate-throated, 493 gallus, Gallus, 117 Tropical,493 garnbeli, Poecile, 464 White-browed, 493 garnbelii, Callipepla, 125, 698 White-lored, 493 garnbelli,Anser albifrons, 57 Gnatwren, Black-tailed, 491 Garnpsonyx,88 Half-collared, 491 Gannet, 30 Long-billed, 491 Northern, 30 Tawny-faced,491 Garganey,72 gnoma, Glaucidium, 259 garrula, Ortalis, 112 godefrida, Claravis, 227 Garrulax, 513 godmani, Euphonia, 583 garrulus, Bornbycilla,530 Godwit, Bar-tailed, 163 garzetta, Egretta, 41, 42 Black-tailed, 162 gaurneri, Chaetura, 278 Hudsonian, 163 Gavia, 3, 7 Marbled, 163 gavia, Puffinus, 21 goeringi, Brachygalba,327 Gaviidae, 3 Goethalsia, 296 Gaviiformes, 3 Golden-Plover,American, 143 gayaquilensis,Carnpephilus, 347 Asiatic, 144 Gelochelidon, 196, 197 Eurasian, 143 genibarbis,Myadestes, 500 European, 143 Gennaeus, 117 Greater, 143 gentdis,Accipiter, 95 Lesser, 144 INDEX 789

Pacific, 144 Gracula, 524 Goldeneye,83 graduacauda, lcterus, 652, 654 Barrow's, 83 graeca, Alectoris, 115 Common, 82 Grailaria, 371 Goldentail, Blue-throated, 295 grailaria, Fregetta, 687 Goldfinch, 668 Grallaricula, 372 American, 668 gramineus, Pooecetes,613 Arkansas, 667 grammacus,Chondestes, 613 Dark-backed, 667 grammicus,Pseudoscops, 265 European,668 granadensis,Myiozetetes, 408 Lawrence's, 667 Granatellus, 568, 573 Lesser, 667 grandior, Monasa, 327 goldmani,Geotrygon, 230 grandis, Motacilla, 526 Goldmania, 296 Nyctibius, 274 goodsoni,Columba, 221,693 $altator, 631 Goosander, 85 Grass-Finch,Wedge-tailed, 599 Goose, Aleutian, 60 Yellow, 599 Bar-headed, 689 Grass-Wren, Eastern, 483 Barnacle, 61 Western, 483 Bean, 56 Grasshopper-Warbler,Middendorff's, 489 Blue, 59 Grassquit,Black-faced, 595 Brent, 61 Blue-black, 591 Cackling,60 Cuban, 594 Canada, 59 Melodious, 595 Emperor,58 Yellow-faced, 595 Graylag,689 Yellow-shouldered, 595 Greater White-fronted, 57 gravis, Puffinus, 18 Hawaiian, 60 grayi, Hylocharis, 295 Hutchins's, 60 Turdus, 509 Lesser White-fronted, 57 graysoni,Miraodes, 518 Orinoco, 64 Parula, 538 Pink-footed, 57 Turdus, 511 Red-breasted, 689 Zenaida, 224, 225 Richardson's, 60 graysonii, lcterus, 652 Ross's, 59 Graytail, Double-banded,349 Snow, 58 Grebe, Atitlan, 6 Tule, 57 Black-necked, 8 Tundra, 60 Clark's, 9 White-fronted, 57 Eared, 8 Goshawk, 95 Giant Pied-billed, 6 American, 95 Horned, 7 Chinese, 93 Least, 6 Eurasian, 95 Pied-billed, 6 Northern, 95 Red-necked, 7 gossei,Ara, 700 Slavonian, 7 gouldi, Euphonia, 585 Western, 8 gouldii, Selenidera,330 Greenfinch, 698 graciae, Dendroica, 546, 547 Chinese, 668 gracilirostris, Catharus, 502 European,698 Vireo, 438 Oriental, 668 gracilis, Geranospiza,95 Greenlet, Golden-fronted,439 Oceanites, 687 Gray-headed,440 Grackle, 524 Lesser, 440 Boat-tailed, 646 Olivaceous, 439 Bronzed, 646 Red-fronted, 439 Carib, 647 Rufous-naped,440 Common, 646 Scrub, 439 Great-tailed, 646 Tawny-crowned,439 Greater Antillean, 647 Yellow-green, 439 Lesser Antillean, 647 Greenshank, 153 Nicaraguan, 647 Common, 153 Purple, 646 grisea, Formicivora, 366 Rice, 649 grisegena, Podiceps, 7 Slender-billed, 647 Podicepsgrisegena, 8 790 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS griseicapillus,Sittasornus, 356 grylle, Cepphus,211 griseiceps,Catharus, 502 guadeloupensis,Ara, 700 Glaucidiurn, 259, 260 Guan, Black, 113 Phyllornyias,380 Crested, 113 Piprites, 417 Highland, 114 griseisticta,Muscicapa, 495 Horned, 114 griseoventer,Phaethornis, 283 guarauna, Ararnus, 139 griseus,Baelophus, 466 guarayanus,Thryothorus, 478 Carnpylorhynchus,472 guaternalae,Otus, 256 Ernpidonax,397 guaternalensis,Carnpephilus, 347 Lirnnodromus, 175, 176 Sclerurus, 354 Nyctibius, 274 guatirnalensis,Grailaria, 371 Puffinus, 19 guatirnozinus,Psarocolius, 658 Vireo, 430, 431,432 gubernator,Agelaius, 641 Grosbeak, Abeil16's, 670 guianensis,Morphnus, 103 Black-faced, 632 Polioptila, 494 Black-headed, 635 guildingii, Arnazona,245 Black-thighed,634 Guillemot, 209 Black-throated, 632 Black, 211 Blue, 636 Brunnich's, 210 Blue-black, 636 Kuril, 211 Crimson-collared, 633 Pigeon, 211 Evening,670 Sooty, 693 Golden-bellied, 634 Spectacled,693 Green, 633 guirneti,Klais, 290 Hooded, 670 Guineafowl, Helmeted, 123 Kona, 673 Tufted, 123 Pine, 660 West African, 123 Rose-breasted,635 Guiraca, 636 Scarlet, 661 gujanensis,Cyclarhis, 441 Slate-colored, 632 Odontophorus,126 Yellow, 634 gularis, Aspatha,320 Yellow-green,633 Carnpylorhynchus,472, 473 grossus,Saltator, 632 Cuculus, 246 Ground-Cuckoo, Lesser, 251 Egretta, 41 Rufous-vented, 251 Icterus, 653 Scaled, 251 gulgula, Alauda, 453 Ground-Dove, Blue, 227 Gull, Band-tailed, 187 Common, 226 Belcher's, 187 Maroon-chested, 227 Black-headed, 185 Plain-breasted, 226 Black-tailed, 187 Ruddy, 227 Bonaparte's,186 Scaly-breasted,226 Brown-hooded, 186 Ground-Finch,Wedge-tailed, 599 California, 189 Ground-Sparrow,Prevost's, 604 Common, 188 Rusty-crowned,603 Common Black-headed, 186 White-eared, 604 Dominican, 692 White-faced, 604 Franklin's, 184 Grouse, Blue, 121 Glaucous, 193 Dusky, 121 Glaucous-winged, 192 Franklin's, 119 Gray, 187 Pinnated, 122 Gray-hooded,692 Red, 120 Great Black-backed, 193 Ruffed, 118 Heermann's, 186 Sage, 119 Herring, 189 Sharp-tailed,121 Iceland, 190 Sooty, 121 Ivory, 196 Spruce, 119 Kamchatka, 188 Willow, 120 Kelp, 692 Gruidae, 140 Kumlien's, 191 Gruiformes, 129 Laughing, 184 Gruinae, 140 Lesser Black-backed, 191 Grus, 140 Little, 185 grus, Grus, 140 Mew, 187 INDEX 791

Nelson's, 699 Harpyhaliaetus,98 Olrog's, 187 harpyja, Harpia, 103 Ring-billed, 188 Harrier, American, 93 Ross's, 195 Hen, 93 Sabine's, 194 Northern, 92 Short-billed, 188 hasitata, Pterodroma, 14, 15 Slaty-backed,191 hauxwelli, Turdus, 509 Southern Black-backed, 692 hawaiiensis, Corvus, 451 Swallow-tailed, 692 Hawfinch, 670 Thayer's, 190 Hawk, Barred, 96 Western, 192 Bay-winged,98 Yellow-footed, 192 Bicolored, 94 Yellow-legged, 190 Black, 97 gundlachi,Accipiter, 94 (see also Black-Hawk) gundlachii, Buteogallus,97 Black-collared, 92 Chordeiles, 268 Broad-winged,100 Mimus, 517 Chilean, 94 Vireo, 431,432 Cooper's,94 gustavi,Anthus, 527 Crane, 95 guttata, Tangara, 574, 587 Crane, see Crane-Hawk guttatum, Toxostoma,519 Ferruginous,102 guttatus,Catharus, 505 Frog, see Frog-Hawk Odontophorus,127 Gray, 97 Xiphorhynchus,358 Gray-lined, 97 guttifer, Accipiter, 94 Gundlach's, 94 gutturalis,Atlapetes, 601 Harlan's, 102 Cinclocerthia, 523 Harris's, 98 Corapipo, 424 Hawaiian, 102 Habia, 576 Marsh, 93 Parula, 537 Pigeon, 109 guy, Phaethornis,283 Plumbeous, 96 Gygis, 207 Red-backed, 691 Gymnasio,253 Red-shouldered, 99 Gymnocichla,367 Red-tailed, 102 Gymnoglaux,254, 257 Ridgway's, 100 Gymnogyps,53 Roadside, 99 Gymnopithys,369 Rough-legged,103 Gymnorhinus,447 Rufous-thighed,94 Gymnostinops,658 Savanna, 98 Gyrfalcon, 110 Semiplumbeous,96 gyrola, Tangara, 587 Sharp-shinned,93 gyroloides,Tangara, 587 Short-tailed, 100 Sparrow,108 H Spotted,94 Habia, 576 Swainson's, 101 haernastica, Limosa, 163 Tiny, 93 haematogaster,Campephilus, 346 White, 96 Haematopodidae,149 White-breasted, 94 Haernatopus, 149 White-tailed, 101 haematotis, Pionopsitta, 241 Zone-tailed, 101 Haliaeetus, 91 Hawk-Eagle, Black, 104 haliaetus, Pandion, 87 Black-and-white, 104 halli, Macronectes, 685 Ornate, 105 Halocyptena,23, 26 Hedymeles,634 hamatus, Rostrhamus, 90 heermanni, Larus, 186 hammondii,Empidonax, 396 helenae, Lophornis,290, 291 handleyi,Amazilia, 300 Mellisuga, 310 Haplophaedia,306 helias, Eurypyga, 139 Haplospiza, 597 Helicolestes, 89 hardyi, Glaucidium,259 heliodor, Acestrura, 695 harlani, Buteo, 102 Heliodoxa, 305 Harlequin, 79 Heliomaster, 306 Harpagus, 90 Heliornis, 139 Harpia, 103 Heliornithidae, 139 792 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Heliothryx, 306 Heterorhina, 484 hellmayri, Catharus, 502 Heterorhynchus,673 Helminthophaga, 533 Heteroscelus, 156 Helminthophila, 533 Heterospingus,575 Helrnitheros, 553, 554 Heterospizias,97, 98 heloisa, Atthis, 311, 312 hiaticula, Charadrius, 146, 147 Helospiza, 621 hiemalis, Troglodytes,482 hernichrysus,Myiodynastes, 409, 410 Hierofalco, 108 Hernignathus, 673 Hill-Myna, Eastern,524 hernileucurus,Carnpylopterus, 286 Southern, 524 hernileucus,Larnpornis, 304 Hillrobin, Japanese,514 Hernipuffinus,18 himalayensis,Tetraogallus, 116 Hernistephania,284 Himantopus, 150 Hernithraupis, 571 himantopus,Calidris, 173 Hernitriccus, 381 Himantopus, 150, 151 Hen, Heath, 122 Himatione, 678 Henicorhina, 484 hirsuta, Glaucis, 282 henslowii, Arnrnodrarnus, 617 Hirundapus, 279 hepatica, Piranga, 577 hirundinacea, Euphonia, 583 heraldica, Pterodrorna, 13 Tanagra, 584 herbicola, Ernberizoides, 599 Hirundinidae, 454 herrninieri, Melanerpes, 333 Hirundininae, 454 Hermit, Baron's, 283 Hirundo, 462 Boucard's, 284 hirundo, Sterna, 199, 693 Bronzy, 282 hispaniolensis,Contopus, 393 Green, 283 Histrionicus, 78 Hartert's, 283 histrionicus, Histrionicus, 79 Jalisco, 283 Hobby, Eurasian, 109 Little, 284 hoboellii, Podicepsgrisegena, 8 Long-tailed, 283 hodgsoni,Anthus, 527 Pale-bellied, 283 hoffmanni, Formicarius, 370 Rufous-breasted, 282 Pyrrhura, 233 Rusty-breasted,283 hoffmannii,Melanerpes, 335, 336 herodias, Ardea, 39, 40 holerythra,Rhytipterna, 403 Heron, 40 holochlora, Aratinga, 234 Agami, 45 Chloropipo,423 Boat-billed, 47 Holoquiscalus,645, 647 Buff-backed, 44 holosericeus,Arnblycercus, 656 Capped,46 Eulampis, 289 Chestnut-bellied, 45 homochroa, Dendrocincla, 355 Cocoi, 40 Oceanodroma, 24 Gray, 40 homochrous,Pachyramphus, 419 Great Blue, 39 hondae, lcterus, 652 Great White, 39, 41 Honeycreeper,Black-faced, 679 Green, 44 Crested, 678 Green-backed, 45 Green, 589 Little, 45 Laysan, 678 Little Blue, 42 Purple, 590 Louisiana, 43 Red-legged,590 Night, see Night-Heron Shining, 590 Northern Boat-billed, 47 Hookbill, Lanai, 672 Reef, see Reef-Heron Hoopoe, Eurasian,319 Southern Boat-billed, 47 hopkei, Carpodectes,421,422 Striated, 45 hornbyi, Oceanodroma,688 Tiger, see Tiger-Heron hornemanni, Carduelis, 664 Tricolored, 43 Hortulanus, 604 White-necked, 40 House-Finch, Common, 662 Herpetotheres, 107 Guadalupe,662 Herpetotherini,107 McGregor's, 662 Herpsilochrnus,365 House-Martin, Common, 463 Hesperiphona, 670 House-Wren, Antillean, 481 Hesperocichla, 513 Northern, 480 Heterocnus, 38, 39 Southern, 481 Heteropelrna, 416 hudsonicus, Numenius, 160 INDEX 793

Poecile, 465 Rivoli's, 306 hudsonius, Circus, 92 Robert's, 285 huhula, Ciccaba, 262 Rose-throated, 313 humeralis,Agelaius, 641, 642 Ruby-throated,309 Aimophila, 607 Ruby-topaz,289 Terenura, 366 Rufous, 312 humilis, Campylorhynchus,472 Rufous-cheeked, 296 Hummingbird,Admirable, 306 Rufous-tailed, 300 Allen's, 313 Salvin's, 701 Amethyst-throated,303 Sapphire-throated,295 Anna's, 310 Scaly-breasted,285 Antillean Crested, 289 Scintillant, 314 Azure-crowned, 298 Snowy-bellied,299 Bangs's,700 Snowy-breasted,299 Beautiful, 308 Sparkling-tailed,308 Bee, 310 Steely-vented,299 Berylline, 299 Stripe-tailed,301 Black-bellied, 302 Tooth-billed, 284 Black-chinned, 309 Vervain, 310 Blue-capped,301 Violet-bellied, 295 Blue-chested, 297 Violet-capped,296 Blue-fronted, 298 Violet-crowned, 300 Blue-headed, 294 Violet-headed, 290 Blue-tailed, 299 •iolet-throated,701 Blue-throated, 304 Volcano, 313 Blue-vented, 299 White-eared, 296 Boucard's, 298 White-tailed, 301 Broad-billed, 293 Wine-throated, 312 Broad-tailed, 312 Xantus's, 296 Buff-bellied, 300 Yucatan, 300 Bumblebee, 311 hutchinsii, Branta, 60 Calliope, 311 huttoni, Puffinus, 21 Cerise-throated, 313 Vireo, 435 Charming,298 Hwa-mei, 514 Chisos, 701 Hwamei, 514 Cinnamon, 300 hybridus, Chlidonias, 205 Cinnamon-sided, 301 Hydranassa, 41, 43 Copper-rumped,695 Hydrobates,23 Costa's, 310 Hydrobatidae,22 Cuvier's, 285 Hydrochelidon,204 d'Oca's, 700 Hydrocoloeus, 184 Doubleday's,293 Hydroprogne, 196, 197 Dusky, 293 hyernalis,Clangula, 81 Edward's, 299 Junco, 625 Emerald-chinned, 290 Hyetornis, 249 Emerald-throated, 289 Hylatornus, 345 Escudo, 300 Hylocharis, 295 Fawn-breasted, 300 Hylocichla, 502, 504, 506, 507 Fiery-throated,295 Hyloctistes,350, 351 Florence's, 700 Hylomanes, 320 Floresi's, 701 Hylonax, 403 Garnet-throated, 289, 305 Hylopezus, 371 Glow-throated, 314 Hylophilus, 439 Green-fronted, 301 Hylophylax, 368 Heliotrope-throated,313 Hylorchilus, 474, 485 Heloise's, 312 hyperborea, Chen, 59 Indigo-capped,298 hyperboreus,Larus, 190, 193, 699 Lucifer, 308 Plectrophenax,630 Magnificent, 305 hypochlora, Thalurania, 294 Mangrove, 298 hypochryseus,Vireo, 436 Margaret's, 304 hypoleuca,Pterodroma, 15, 16 Mosquitia, 298 hypoleucos,Actitis, 157, 158 Pirre, 296 hypoleucus,Melanotis, 521, 522 Rieffer's, 300 Synthliborarnphus,213 794 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Hypomorphnus,97 Emberiza, 630 hypophaeus,Chlorospingus, 571 Mesophoyx, 689 hypopolius,Melanerpes, 334, 335 internigrans, Perisoreus, 442 hypopyrra, Laniocera, 417 interpres, Arenaria, 164 Hypotriorchis, 108 Io, 102 hypoxantha,Sporophila, 593 iridescens, Anthracothorax, 287 lridoprocne, 457 irrorata, Phoebastria, 685 isabellinus, Lanius, 428 ibis, Bubulcus, 44 lschnosceles, 95 Ibis, Buff-necked, 50 islandica, Bucephala, 83 Glossy,48 Green, 49 lxobrychus,37 lxoreus, 512, 513 Scarlet, 48 White, 47 J White-faced, 49 Wood, 51 Jabiru, 50 lbycter, 106 Jabiru, 51 lcteria, 567 Jacamar, Black-chinned, 327 Icteridae, 639 Dusky-backed,327 icterocephala, Tangara, 587 Great, 328 icteronotus,Ramphocelus, 581 Rufous-tailed, 327 lcterus, 649 Jacamerops,327 icterus, lcterus, 652 Jacana, 152 lctinia, 90 jacana, Jacana, 152 idoneus, Crypturellus, 2 Jacana, Northern, 152 ignota, Myrmotherula, 364 Wattled, 152 ignotus, Basileuterus, 566 Jacanidae, 152 Iiwi, 677 jacarina, Volatinia, 591 iliaca, Passerella, 620 Jackdaw, 449 iliacus, Turdus, 508 Eurasian, 449 imberbe,Camptostoma, 373 Jacobin, White-necked, 286 tmitans, Euphonia, 584 jacula, Heliodoxa, 305 immaculata, Myrmeciza, 368 Jaeger,Long-tailed, 183 immaculatus, Celeus, 701 Parasitic, 182 trainer, Gavia, 4, 5 Pomarine, 182 immutabilis, Phoebastria, 11, 12 jamacaii, lcterus, 652 tmparatus, Corvus, 451 jamaica, Euphonia, 583 tmpennis, Pinguinus, 210 jamaicensis, Buteo, 102 tmperialis, Amazona, 245 Corvus, 450, 451 Campephilus,347 Laterallus, 130 improbus,Zimmerius, 380 Leptotila, 228 inca, Columbina, 225 Nyctibius, 274 Larosterna, 206 Oxyura, 86 incanus, Heteroscelus, 156, 157 Turdus, 510 inda, Chloroceryle, 324 japonica, Alauda, 453 indica, Gracula, 524 Coturnix, 116 indicus, Anser, 689 japonicus, Zosterops,515 Caprimulgus, 273 jardinii, Glaucidium, 259 inexpectata,Pterodroma, 14 javanicus, Acridotheres, 697 Torreornis, 610 Jay, Arizona, 447 infaustus,Perisoreus, 442 Azure-hooded, 445 infuscata, Muscicapa, 495 Beechey's,445 infuscatus,Turdus, 508 Black-and-blue, 444 inornata, Columba, 220 Black-chested, 443 Pinaroloxias, 597 Black-throated, 445 Tangara, 586 Blue, 442 inornatus, Baeolophus,466 Brown, 444 Chlorospingus,570 (see also Brown-Jay) inquisitor, Tityra, 420 Bushy-crested,444 insignis,Panterpe, 295 Canada, 442 insularis, Aphelocoma,446 Couch's, 447 Junco, 625 Dwarf, 445 insulicola, Empidonax, 397 Gray, 441 intermedia, Chalybura, 303 Gray-breasted,447 INDEX 795

Green, 443 Eurasian, 108 Hartlaub's, 444 European, 108 Inca, 444 kieneri, Melozone, 603, 604 Magpie, 443 Killdeer, 148 (seealso Magpie-Jay) Kingbird, Cassin's,412 Mexican, 447 Couch's, 412 Omiltemi, 446 Eastern, 413 Oregon, 442 Giant, 414 Pinyon,447 Gray, 414 Purplish-backed,445 Loggerhead,414 San Blas, 444 Thick-billed, 412 Santa Cruz, 446 Tropical, 411 Scrub, 446 West Mexican, 412 (see also Scrub-Jay) Western, 413 Siberian, 442 Kingfisher,Amazon, 323 Sichuan, 442 AmericanPygmy, 324 Silvery-throated,445 Belted, 323 Steller's, 442 Green, 324 Strickland's, 445 Green-and-rufous, 324 Tufted, 443 Ringed, 323 Ultramarine, 447 kingi, Acrocephalus,490 Unicolored, 447 Kinglet, Cuvier's, 701 White-throated, 446 Golden-crowned, 487 Yucatan, 444 Ruby-crowned,488 jocosus, Carnpylorhynchus,473 Kioea, 428 Pycnonotus,487 kirkii, Veniliornis, 342 johnsoni,Pseudocolaptes, 350 kirtlandii, Dendroica, 547 jubata, Neochen, 64 Kiskadee, Great, 407 jugger, Falco, 110 Lesser, 407 jugularis, Brotogeris,239 Kite, Cuban, 88 Eulampis,288 Double-toothed, 90 julie, Damophila, 295 Everglade, 89 julienL Coccyzus,248 Gray-headed,87 Junco, 624 Hook-billed, 87 Junco, Baird's, 626 Mississippi,90 Chiapas,626 Pearl, 88 Dark-eyed,625 Plumbeous, 91 Gray-headed,626 Slender-billed, 90 Guadalupe,626 Snail, 89 Guatemala, 626 Swallow-tailed, 88 Mexican, 626 White-tailed, 89 Oregon, 626 Kittiwake, Black-legged,194 Pink-sided, 626 Red-legged,195 Red-backed, 626 K!ais, 289 Slate-colored, 626 Knot, Great, 166 Volcano, 624 Red, 166 White-winged,626 knudseni,Himantopus, 151 Yellow-eyed, 626 Koa-Finch, Greater, 672 Junglefowl,Red, 117 Lesser, 672 Jynginae,331 Orange, 672 Jynx, 331 Yellow-headed, 672 Koloa, 69 K kona, Chloridops,673 Kakawahie, 676 krameri, Psittacula, 232 kakelik, Tetrao, 115 kreuperi, Sitta, 469 Kalochelidon, 457 kreyenborgi,Falco, 111 Kamao, 501 kurnlieni, Larus, 191 kamtschatschensis,Larus, 188 kauaiensis,Hemignathus, 674 L kennicottii, Otus, 254, 255 !abati, Conurus, 699 kenyoni, Phalacrocorax, 688 !abradorius,Camptorhynchus, 79 kerriae, Crypture!!us,2 !achryrnosa,Euthlypis, 565 Kestrel, 108 lachrymosus,Xiphorhynchus, 359 American, 108 !acrymiger,Lepidocolaptes, 360 796 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS lactea, Polioptila, 493 Pseudocolaptes,350 laemosticta,Myrmeciza, 368 Vermivora, 534, 701 Lagopus, 119 laysanensis,Anas, 69 lagopus, Buteo, 103 Leafscraper,353 Lagopus, 119 Leaftosser,Gray-throated, 354 Lampornis, 303 Scaly-throated,354 Lamprochelidon,457 Tawny-throated,354 Lamprocygna,55 leclancherii, Passerina, 638 Lamprolaima, 305 lecontei, Toxostoma, 521 Lampronetta, 77 leconteii, Ammodramus, 618 lanaiensis, Akialoa, 675 Ammospiza,618 Hemignathus,675 ledanti, Sitta, 469 Myadestes,501 Legatus, 410 Lancebill, Green-fronted, 285 Leiothrix, 514 lanceolata, Chiroxiphia, 425 Leiothrix, Red-billed, 514 Locustella, 489 Leistes, 642 Micromonacha, 326 lembeyei,Polioptila, 492 Laniidae, 428 lemosi, Cypseloides,275 laniirostris, Euphonia, 583 lentiginosus,Botaurus, 36 Lanio, 574 Lepidocolaptes, 359 Laniocera, 416, 417 Lepidoenas, 218 Lanius, 428 Lepidopyga, 295 Lanivireo, 430 Lepidothrix, 425, 426 lansbergi, Coccyzus,694 lepidus, Cuculus, 246 lapponica, Limosa, 163 Leptodon, 87 lapponicus,Calcarius, 627 Leptopelicanus, 30 Lapwing, 142 Leptopogon, 378 Cayenne, 142 Leptoptilini, 50 Northern, 142 Leptotila, 227 Pied, 691 Leptuas, 318 Southern, 142 lepturus,Phaethon, 26 Spur-winged,142 lerdi, Thaumatias, 700 Laridae, 181 lessonii, Momotus, 321 Larinae, 184 leucaspis,Gymnopithys, 369 Lark, Calandra, 696 Leucoblepharon,59 Horned, 454 leucobronchialis, Vermivora, 534, 702 Przewalski's, 454 Leucocarboninae, 32 Shore, 454 leucocephala,Amazona, 242 Sky, 453 Columba, 219 (see also Skylark) Emberiza, 628 Temminck's, 454 leucocephalos,Emberiza, 628 Larosterna, 205 leucocephalus,Haliaeetus, 91, 92 Larus, 184, 194 Leucochelidon, 457 larvata, Tangara, 588 leucogaster,Lepidocolaptes, 359 Laterallus, 129 Sula, 29 Lathrotriccus, 388 leucogastra, Ortalis, 112, 113 latimeri, Vireo, 432 Uropsila, 484 latirostris, Contopus,393 leucogenys,Conirostrum, 569 Cynanthus,293, 701 Phyllomyias, 380 Muscicapa, 495 Pycnonotus,487 $ayornis, 399 leucognaphalus, Corvus, 450 laudabilis, Icterus, 650 leucolaemus,Odontophorus, 127 Laughing-thrush,Gray-sided, 697 Piculus, 342 Black-gorgeted,514 leucomelanos,Lophura, 117 Greater Necklaced, 514 leucomelas, Calonectris, 17 Hwamei, 514 Leucopareia, 59 Melodious, 514 leucopareia, Branta, 60 Spectacled,514 Leucopeza,561 lauta, Tanagra, 584 leucophaius, Legatus, 410, 411 lavinia, Tangara, 588 Leucophoyx,41, 42 lawrencei, Carduelis, 667 leucophrys,Dendrortyx, 124 Lathrotriccus, 388 Henicorhina, 485 lawrencii, Geotrygon, 230, 231 Vireo, 436 Otus, 257 Zonotrichia, 623,624 INDEX 797 leucophthalrnus,Aratinga, 235 Lobipes, 179 leucopogon,Colinus, 126 Lochmias, 354 Thryothorus,476 Lochmias, Streamside, 354 Leucopolius, 144 Locustella, 489 leucoprosopon,Lophortyx, 698 lornvia, Uria, 209 leucopsis,Branta, 61 Lonchura, 682 Sitta, 469 longicauda,Bartrarnia, 159 leucoptera, Loxia, 663 Deconychura, 356 Piranga, 579 longicaudus,Stercorarius, 183 Pterodrorna, 16 longipes,Myrrneciza, 367 Leucopternis, 96 longirostre, Toxostorna,519 leucopterus,Chlidonias, 204 longirostris,Heliornaster, 306 leucopteryx,lcterus, 653 Phaethornis, 283 leucopygos,Lanius, 429 Pterodrorna, 16 leucorhoa, Oceanodrorna, 24, 25 Railus, 131, 132 leucorodia, Platalea, 689 Saurothera, 249 leucorrhoa, Corapipo, 424 Thryothorus, 478 leucosticta, Henicorhina, 484, 485 Longspur,Chestnut-collared, 627 Leucosticte, 659 Lapland, 627 leucothorax, Lanio, 574 McCown's, 626 leucotis,Hylocharis, 296 Smith's, 627 Melozone, 604 longuernareus,Phaethornis, 284 Pyrrhura, 233 lonnbergi, Catharacta, 181, 692 Thryothorus,478 Loornelania, 23 leucurus, Elanus, 89 Loon, Arctic, 3 Lagopus, 120 Black-throated, 4 Threnetes, 283 Common, 4 lewis, Melanerpes, 332 Green-throated, 4 lherrninieri, Cichlherrninia, 512 Pacific, 4 Puffinus,21, 22 Red-throated, 3 lictor, Pitangus, 407 Yellow-billed, 5 Ligea, 560 Lophodytes,83 Ligia, 560 Lophornis, 290 lilianae, Sturnella, 643 Lophortyx, 124, 125 Lirnicola, 174 Lophostrix, 257 lirnicola, Rallus, 132 Lophotriccus,381 Limnodromini, 175 Lophura, 117 Lirnnodromus, 175 lorata, Sterna, 202 Lirnnodytes,5 loricatus, Celeus, 345 Lirnnogeranus,140 Loxia, 662 Lirnnothlypis,553, 554 Loxigilla, 595 Lirnosa, 162 Loxirnitris, 665, 667 lirnosa, Lirnosa, 162 Loxioides, 672 Limosini, 162 Loxipasser, 595 Limpkin, 139 Loxops, 674, 676 lincolnii, Melospiza, 621 Lucar, 515 linearis, Chiroxiphia, 425 luciae, Arnazilia, 297 Geotrygon, 230 Verrnivora, 537 lineaturn, Tigrisorna, 38 lucida, Hirundo, 463 lineatus, Buteo, 99, 100 Strix, 263 Cyrnbilairnus,361 lucidus, Cyanerpes,590 Dryocopus,345, 346 Hernignathus,675 lineola, Bolborhynchus,238 Phalacrocorax, 33 Sporophila, 697 lucifer, Calothorax, 308, 309 Linnet, Brewster's, 703 luctuosus,Tachyphonus, 575 Lipaugus, 416, 417 ludovicae,Doryfera, 285 Lithoenas, 218 ludoviciana,Piranga, 579 livens, Larus, 192 ludovicianus, Lanius, 428 livia, Colurnba, 218 Pheucticus, 635, 636 Lizard-Cuckoo, Great, 248 Thryothorus, 478 Hispaniolan,249 lugens,Motacilla, 526, 527 Jamaican, 249 lugubris,Brachygalba, 327 Puerto Rican, 249 Celeus, 345 lobatus, Phalaropus, 179, 180 Contopus,391 798 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Quiscalus, 647 madaraspatensis,Motaci!!a, 526 !unata, Sterna, 202 madeira, Pterodroma, 14, 686 Lunda, 216, 217 mage!!anica,Carduelis, 698 Lurocalis, 267 magister, Myiarchus, 405 Luscinia, 495 Vireo, 438, 439 !uscinia, Microcerculus, 485 magna,Sturne!!a, 642, 643 !utea, Dendroica, 541 magnificens,Fregata, 35 Leiothrix, 514 magnirostris,Buteo, 99, 100 Piranga, 577 Mimus, 517 !uteicapi!!a,Euphonia, 583 magnolia, Dendroica, 540 !uteiventris,Myiodynastes, 410 Magpie, 449 Sicalis, 599 Black-billed, 448 !uteola, Sicalis, 598 Blue, see Blue-Magpie !uteoviridis,Pse!!iophorus, 600 Yellow-billed, 449 !utescens, Anthus, 529 Magpie-Jay,Black-throated, 443 !utosus, Caracara, 106 White-throated, 443 !uxuosus,Cyanocorax, 444 maior, Polioptila, 493 Lymnocryptes,176 major, Crotophaga,252 Lysurus, 600 Dendrocopos,338 Pachyramphus,419 M Parus, 696 Quiscalus, 646 macao, Ara, 237 Taraba, 361 Macaw, Blue-and-yellow,238 Tinamus, 1 Buffon's, 237 malabarica, Lonchura, 682 Chestnut-fronted, 236 malabaricus,Copsychus, 497 Cuban, 237 malacca, Lonchura, 683 Dominican, 699 Malacoptila, 325 Great Green, 237 maldivarum, G!areola, 181 Green, 237 Mallard, 68 Green-winged,237 Mamo, 678 Guadeloupe,700 Black, 678 GuadeloupeViolet, 699 Hawaii, 678 Martinique, 699 Perkins's, 678 Military, 236 Red-and-green,237 mana, Oreomystis,676 Red-blue-and-green,237 Manacus, 423 Red-headed Green, 700 manacus, Manacus, 424 Red-tailed, 700 Manakin, Almirante, 424 Scarlet, 237 Bearded, 424 Yellow-headed, 700 Blue-backed, 425 maccormicki, Catharacta, 181, 182, 692 Blue-crowned, 426 Machetes, 175 Broad-billed, 416 Machetornis, 401 Collared, 424 macrodactyla,Oceanodroma, 25 Exquisite,426 macrorhynchos,Notharchus, 325 Golden-collared, 424 macroura, Dendrortyx, 123 Golden-headed, 426 Trogon, 317 Green, 423 Vidua, 684 Greenish-bellied, 424 Zenaida, 224, 225 Lance-tailed, 425 macularia, Actitis, 157, 158 Long-tailed,425 maculata, Paroreomyza,676 Orange-collared,424 maculatus,Myiodynastes, 410 Red-capped,426 Pardira!!us, 135 Red-headed, 426 Pipilo, 605, 606 Velvety, 426 maculialatus, lcterus, 650 White-bibbed, 424 maculicaudus,Caprimulgus, 273 White-collared, 423 maculicoronatus,Capito, 328 White-crowned, 425 maculifer,Myrmeciza, 368 White-ruffed, 424 maculifrons,Veniliornis, 342 White-throated, 424 maculipectus,Thryothorus, 477, 478 Yellow-thighed,426 maculipennis,Larus, 186 Yungas,425 maculirostris, Selenidera, 330 Zeledon's, 425 Turdus, 510 mango,Anthracothorax, 288 madagascariensis,Numenius, 161 Mango, Antillean, 288 INDEX 799

Black-throated, 287 Lilian's, 643 Ecuadorian, 287 Western, 643 Green, 288 mearnsi, Junco, 626 Green-breasted, 287 media, Gallinago, 692 Green-throated, 694 Megaceryle, 322 Jamaican, 288 Megalestris, 181 Prevost's, 287 Megalopterus, 206 Veraguan,288 megalopterus,Campylorhynchus, 472 Mannikin, Black-headed, 683 megalura, Leptotila, 228 Bronze, 682 megarhyncha,Passerella, 620 Chestnut, 683 Megarynchus, 407 Nutmeg, 683 melacoryphus,Coccyzus, 248 Scaly-breasted,683 Melamprosops,678 Mareca, 65, 66, 67 melanauris,Ergaticus, 563 margaritae, Lampornis, 304 melancholicus,Tyrannus, 411,412 Margarops, 522 Melanerpes, 332 Margarornis, 349 melania, Oceanodroma, 25 marginatus, Charadrius, 146 melanicterus, Cacicus, 657 Microcerculus, 485 Melanitta, 79 marila, Aythya, 76 melanocephala,Arenaria, 165 marina, Pelagodroma,23 melanocephalus,Pheucticus, 635 marinus, Larus, 190, 193 Trogon, 315 maritima, Calidris, 171, 172 melanochloros,Colaptes, 344 maritimus, Ammodramus, 618, 619 melanocorys,Calamospiza, 615 markhami, Oceanodroma,25, 26 melanocyaneus,Cyanocorax, 444, 445 marmoratum, Trigrisoma, 38 melanogaster,Anhinga, 34 marmoratus,Brachyramphus, 212 Ramphocelus,580 Marsh-Wren, Eastern, 483 melanogenia, Galbula, 327 Long-billed, 483 melanogenys,Basileuterus, 566 Short-billed, 483 melanoleuca,Tringa, 153 Western, 483 melanoleucos,Campephilus, 346, 347 martii, Baryphthengus,321 melanoleucus,Spizastur, 104 Martin, Brown-chested, 456 melanophaius,Laterallus, 130 Caribbean, 455 melanophris,Thalassarche, 10 Cuban, 455 melanophrys,Diomedea, 10 Gray-breasted,456 melanopis, Theristicus,50 House, 463 melanops,Myadestes, 500, 501 (see also House-Martin) Melanoptila, 516 Purple, 454 melanorrhoa, Chalybura, 303 Sand, 461 Melanospiza, 596 Sinaloa, 455 Melanotis, 521 Snowy-bellied,455 melanotis,Odontophorus, 127 Southern, 455, 456 Psaltriparus, 468 martinica, Chaetura, 279 melanotos, Calidris, 171,699 Elaenia, 376 Sarkidiornis, 64 Geotrygon, 231 melanoxantha,Phainoptila, 531 Porphyrula, 136 melanura, Euphonia, 583 martinicensis,Troglodytes, 480 Polioptila, 492 martinicus,Anodorhynchus, 699 melanurus,Himantopus, 151 masafuerae,Pterodroma leucoptera, 16 Ramphocaenus,491 massena, Trogon, 317 Trogon, 317 matsudairae, Oceanodroma, 25 melba, Apus, 280 maugaeus, Chlorostilbon, 293 Meleagrididae,122 maugeus,Geopelia, 223 Meleagridinae, 122 maura, Saxicola, 498 Meleagris, 122 mauri, Calidris, 168 meleagris, Numida, 123 maxima, Sterna, 197, 198, 199 Meliphagidae,427 maximiliani, Oryzoborus,593 melitophrys, Vireolanius, 440 maximus, Saltator, 631 Mellisuga, 310 mccownii, Calcarius, 626 mellisugus, Chlorostilbon, 292, 694 mcgregori, Carpodacus,662 mellivora, Florisuga, 286 mcleannani, Phaenostictus,369 meloda, Zenaida, 223 mcleodii,Nyctiphrynus, 270 melodia,Melospiza, 621 Meadowlark, Eastern, 642 Melodivireo, 430 800 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS melodus, Charadrius, 147 Micropallas, 261 Melopelia, 223 Micropygia, 129 Melopsittacus,232 Microrhopias, 365 Melopyrrha, 594 microrhyncha,Amazilia, 298 Melospiza, 621 Gygis, 207 Melozone, 603 microrhynchus,Cacicus, 656 melpoda, Estrilda, 681 microsoma, Oceanodroma, 26 mendiculus,Spheniscus, 688 Microtriccus, 373 menstruus, Pionus, 241 Microtrogon, 315 mentalis, Dysithamnus, 363 migratorius,Ectopistes, 225 Pipra, 426 Turdus, 511 menzbieri, Anthus, 528 militaris, Ara, 236, 237 merganser, Mergus, 84 Sturnella, 642 Merganser,Common, 84 Millerbird, 490 Hooded, 84 Laysan, 490 Red-breasted, 85 Nihoa, 490 Mergellus, 83, 84 Milvago, 106, 107 Mergini, 77 Mimidae, 515 Mergus, 84 Mimocichla, 507, 512 meridae, Cistothorus, 483 Mimodes, 518 meridionalis, Buteogallus, 98 Mimus, 516 Chaetura, 278 miniams, Myioborus, 564 Chaetura andrei, 278 minima, Branta, 60 Lanius, 429 Mellisuga, 310 Merlin, 109 minimus, Caprimulgus, 271 merlini, Saurothera, 248 Catharus, 504, 505 merula, Turdus, 507 Empidonax, 395 meruloides, Dendrocincla, 355 Lymnocryptes,176 Mesembrinibis, 49 Psaltriparus,467 mesochrysa,Euphonia, 697 minlosi, Xenerpestes,349 mesomelas, lcterus, 652 minor, Chordeiles, 268 Mesoscolopax,159 Coccyzus,248 mexicana, Sialia, 498 Fregata, 35 mexicanoides, Colaptes, 344 Hylophilus, 440 mexicanurn,Tigrisoma, 38 Pachyramphus,419 mexicanus,Carpodacus, 662 Scolopax, 178 Catharus, 474, 503 minuta, Calidris, 168 Cinclus, 486 Columbina, 226 Cyanocorax,444 Euphonia, 585 Falco, 110, 111 Piaya, 250 Himantopus, 151 Sporophila,593 Momotus, 320 minutilla, Calidris, 169 Onychorhynchus,386 minutissimum, Glaucidium, 259 Phaethornis, 283 minutus, Anous, 206 Quiscalus, 646 lxobrychus,38 Sclerurus, 354 Larus, 185 Todus, 320 Numenius, 159, 160 Trogon, 316 Xenops,353 Xenotriccus, 389 Mionectes, 378 meyerianus,Accipiter, 95 mirabilis, Ammodramus, 619 michleri, Pittasoma, 371 Cyanolyca, 446 Micrastur, 105 mirandollei, Micrastur, 105 Micrasturinae, 105 mississippiensis,lctinia, 90, 91 Micrathene, 261 mitchelli, Calliphlox, 695 Microbates, 491 mitchellii, Calliphlox, 307 microcephala, Sylvania, 702 mitrata, Numida, 123 Microcerculus, 485 Mitrephanes, 389 Microchelidon, 459 Mitrephorus, 389 Microchera, 302 Mitrospingus, 573 Microlarus, 184 Mniotilta, 551 Microligea, 560, 568 mocinno, Pharomachrus, 318 micromegas, Nesoctites, 332 Mockingbird, 517 Micromonacha, 326 Bahama, 517 Micropalama, 166, 173, 174 Blue, 521 INDEX 801

Blue-and-white, 522 Highland, 321 Common, 517 Keel-billed, 322 Northern, 516 Lesson's, 321 Socorro, 518 Plain-tailed, 322 St. Andrew, 517 Rufous, 321 Tropical, 517 Rufous-capped,321 Mockingthrush,Black-capped, 471 Russet-crowned, 320 modesta,Progne, 455, 456 Tawny-bellied, 321 modestus, Larus, 187 Tody, 320 Sublegatus,381 Turquoise-browed,322 Thryothorus,479 Mountain-gem,Gray-tailed, 305 Vireo, 431 Green-breasted, 303 Moho, 427 Green-throated, 303 mollis, Pterodroma, 14, 687 Purple-throated,304 mollissima, Somateria, 78 White-bellied, 304 Molothrus, 647, 649 White-throated, 304 momota, Momotus, 321 Mourner, Cinereous, 417 Momotidae, 320 Rufous, 403 momotula,Hylomanes, 320 Speckled,417 Momotus, 320 mozambicus, Serinus, 669 monachus,Myiopsitta, 233 mugimaki,Ficedula, 494 Tyrannussavana, 415 multicolor, Todus, 319 Monarchidae, 452 multistriatus,Thamnophilus, 695 Monasa, 326 multistrigatus,Dendrocolaptes, 358 mondetoura, Claravis, 227 Munia, Black-headed, 683 monedula, Corvus, 449 Bronze, 683 mongolus,Charadrius, 145 Chestnut, 683 moniliger, Formicarius,370 Indian Black-headed, 683 Monklet, Lanceolated, 326 Red, 682 monocerata, Cerorhinca, 216 Southern Black-headed, 683 monorhis, Oceanodroma, 24 Spotted,683 montana, Geotrygon,231 munroi,Dysmorodrepanis, 672 Microligea, 560 Hemignathus,675 Paroreomyza,676 murina, Phaeomyias, 374 Sylvia, 702 Pyrrhula, 669 Xenoligea, 568 murphyi,Progne, 456 montanella, Prunella, 525 Murre, Brunnich's, 210 montanus, Charadrius, 148 Common, 209 Oreoscoptes,517 Thick-billed, 209 Passer, 679 Thin-billed, 209 Poecile, 464 Murrelet, Ancient, 214 montezuma, Psarocolius, 658 Asiatic, 212 montezurnae,Cyrtonyx, 128 Craveri's, 213 monticola, Troglodytes,481 Japanese,214 montifringilla, Fringilla, 658 Kittlitz's, 212 Moorhen, 137 Long-billed, 212 Common, 137 Marbled, 212 morelleti, $porophila, 592 Scripps's,213 morinellus, Charadrius, 149 Temminck's, 214 toorio, Cyanocorax,444 Xantus's, 213 Morococcyx,250 Muscicapa, 494 Morphnus, 103 Muscicapidae,494 morphoeus,Monasa, 326 Muscivora, 411,415 Morus, 30 Muscovy, 65 moschata, Cairina, 64 musculus,Troglodytes, 480 mosquitus,Chrysolampis, 289 musica, Euphonia, 584 Motacilla, 525 Tyrannula, 391 motacilla, $eiurus, 555 musicus,Contopus, 391 Motacillidae, 525 Turdus, 508 motmot, Ortalis, 113 mustelina,Hylocichla, 506 Motmot, Blue-crowned, 321 mutus,Lagopus, 120 Blue-diademed, 321 Myadestes,499 Blue-throated, 320 myadestinus,Myadestes, 501,502 Broad-billed, 322 Mycteria, 51 802 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS mycteria, Jabiru, 51 Neochelidon, 459 Mycteriini, 51 Neochen, 64 Myiarchus, 402, 403, 407 Neochloe, 430 Myiobius, 386, 387 Neocrex, 135 Myioborus, 564 Neoglottis, 153 Myiochanes,390 Neognathae,3 Myiodynastes,409 Neomorphinae,250 Myiopagis, 375 Neomorphus,251 Myiophobus,387 Neonectris, 18 Myiopsitta,233 Neorhopias,366 Myiornis, 381 Neornithes, 1 Myiozetetes,408 neoxena, Hirundo, 463 Myna, Common,524 lxobrychus,38 Crested, 524 neoxenus,Euptilotis, 318 Hill, 524 Nephoecetes,275 (see also Hill-Myna) nereis, Sterna, 202, 207 House, 524 Nesoceleus, 343 Indian, 524 Nesochen, 59, 60 Indian Hill, 524 Nesoctites, 332 Talking, 524 Nesoctitini, 332 White-vented, 697 Nesocygna, 55 Myrmeciza, 367 Nesopsar,642 Myrmopagis, 364 Nesospingus,569 Myrmornis, 368 Nesotriccus, 374 Myrmotherula, 364 Nettion, 65 mystacalis,Aimophila, 607 nevadensis,Amphispiza, 614 mystacea,Geotrygon, 229 newelli, Puffinus,21 mystaceus,Platyrinchus, 385 nicaraguensis,Quiscalus, 647 mystica, Phasmornis,701 nicefori, Thryothorus,477 niger, Chlidonias, 205 N Cypseloides,275 naevia, Hylophylax,368 Pachyramphus,419, 420 Tapera, 250 Quiscalus, 647 naevioides,Hylophylax, 368 Rynchops,208 naevius, lxoreus, 513 nigerrimus,Nesopsar, 642 nana, Aratinga, 235 Night-Heron, Black-crowned,46 Cyanolyca, 445 Yellow-crowned, 46 Nannus, 480 Nighthawk, Antillean, 268 nanum, Glaucidium, 260 Booming, 268 nanus,Pyrocephalus, 400 Chestnut-banded, 267 Vireo, 432 Common, 268 narcissina, Ficedula, 494 Lesser, 267 nasicus, Corvus, 450, 451 Rufous-bellied, 267 nativitatis, Puffinus,20 Semicollared, 267 nattereri, Lurocalis, 267 Short-tailed, 267 Selenidera, 330 Trilling, 268 nattererii, Cotinga, 421 Nightingale,Pekin, 514 naumanni, Turdus, 507 Nightingale-Thrush,Black-backed, 502 navai, Hylorchilus, 475 Black-billed, 502 nebouxii, Sula, 28 Black-headed, 503 nebulaHa, Tringa, 153 Gray-headed,502 nebulosa, Strix, 263 Orange-billed,502 Needletail, White-throated, 279 Ruddy-capped,503 neglecta, Pterodroma, 13 Russet, 503 Sturnella, 643 Slaty-backed,502 nelsoni, Ammodramus, 618 Spotted,503 Campylorhynchusmegalopterus, 472 Nightingale-Wren,Dark-throated, 485 Geothlypis,559 Northern, 485 Larus, 699 Scaly, 485 Vireo, 433 Southern, 485 nernatura, Lochmias, 354 Nightjar, Buff-collared, 272 Nemospiza,616 Cuban, 271 nenday, Nandayus, 693 Dusky, 273 Nene, 60 Gray, 273 INDEX 803

Greater Antillean, 271 Nothocercus, 1 Hispaniolan,271 Notiochelidon, 459 Jungle, 273 notosticta,Aimophila, 609 Puerto Rican, 272 novaehollandiae,Anhinga, 34 Ruddy, 271 novaezelandiae,lxobrychus, 38 Rufous, 271 noveboracensis,Coturnicops, 129 Silky-tailed, 271,272 Seiurus, 555 Spot-tailed,273 nuchalis, Carnpylorhynchus,472 St. Lucia, 271 Sphyrapicus,337 Tawny-collared,271 Nucifraga, 448 White-tailed, 273 nudiceps,Gyrnnocichla, 367 Yucatan, 271 nudigenis,Turdus, 510 nigra, Geranospiza,95 nudipes,Bubo, 256 Melanitta, 81 Otus, 256, 257 Melopyrrha, 594 Strix, 256 Penelopina, 114 nugator,Myiarchus, 405, 406 nigrescens,Arnrnodrarnus, 619 Nukupuu, 675 Dendroica, 543, 545 Numeniini, 158 Turdus, 508, 509, 510, 511 Nurnenius, 159 nigricans,Branta, 60 Nurnida, 123 Cercornacra, 367 Numidinae, 123 Sayornis, 399 Nun, Black-headed, 683 nigricapillus, Forrnicarius,370 Nunbird, Costa Rican, 327 Thryothorus,476 Pale-winged,327 nigricauda,Myrrneciza, 368 White-fronted, 326 nigricephala,Spindalis, 581 Nunlet, Gray-cheeked,326 nigriceps,Ploceus, 680 Rufous-capped,326 Polioptila, 493 Nutcracker, Clark's, 448 Tharnnophilus,362 Nuthatch, Brown-headed, 469 Todirostrurn, 383 Corsican, 469 nigricollis,Anthracothorax, 287 Kabylie, 469 Busarellus, 92 Krueper's,469 Podiceps, 8 Pygmy, 469 Sporophila,592 Red-breasted, 468 nigripennis,Gallinago, 177 Snowy-browed,468 Pterodrorna, 15 White-breasted, 469 nigripes,Phoebastria, 11 Yunnan, 469 nigrirostris, Colurnba,221 nuttalli, Pica, 449 nigriventris,Eupherusa, 302 nuttallii, Phalaenoptilus,269 nigrocincta,Tangara, 588 Picoides, 339 nigrogularis,Colinus, 126 Nuttallornis, 390 lcterus, 698 nuttingi,Myiarchus, 404 nigrolineata,Ciccaba, 262 Oryzoborus,593 nilotica, Sterna, 196 Nyctagreus, 270 nisus, Accipiter, 690 Nyctanassa,46, 47 nitens, Phainopepla, 531 Nyctea, 258 nitida, Asturina, 97 Nyctibiidae,273 nitidus, Carpodectes,421,422 Nyctibius, 273 nivalis, Plectrophenax,630 Nycticoracini,36, 46 niveoventer, Arnazilia, 299 Nycticorax, 46, 47 nivosus, Charadrius, 146 nycticorax,Nycticorax, 46 nobilis, Moho, 427, 428 Nyctidrornus,268 noctis,Loxigilla, 596 Nyctiphrynus,269 noctitherus,Caprirnulgus, 272 Nyroca, 74 Noddy, Black, 206 nyroca, Aythya, 690 Blue-gray, 207 Nystalus, 324, 325 Brown, 206 O Common, 206 White, 207 oahensis,Myadestes, 501 White-capped,207 Oberholseria, 604 Nornonyx, 85 oberholseri, Ernpidonax,,397 Nonnula, 326 oberi, lcterus, 650 notata, Carduelis, 666 Myiarchus, 406 Notharchus, 325 obscura, Akialoa, 675 804 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Myrmotherula, 364 Mionectes, 378 obscurior,Sublegatus, 381 Mitrephanes, 389 obscurus,Dendragapus, 121 Phalacrocorax, 32 Empidonax, 397 Picumnus, 331 Hemignathus,674 Rhynchocyclus,384 Myadestes, 500, 501 Vireo, 437, 438, 439 Perisoreus, 441 olivascens, Catharus, 503 Phaeornis, 501 Olomao, 501 Turdus, 507 Olor, 61 obsoletum,Camptostoma, 374 olor, Cygnus,62 obsoletus,Dendrocopos, 340 Omao, 501 Salpinctes,473 Oncostoma, 382 Turdus, 509 Onychorhynchus,386 ocai, Amazilia, 700 Oo, Bishop's,427 Pipilo, 605 Hawaii, 428 occidentalis,Aechmophorus, 8, 9 Kauai, 427 Ardea, 39 Molokai, 428 Catharus, 503 Oahu, 427 Charadrius, 146 Ooaa, 427 Dendroica, 543, 544, 545 ophthalmicus,Chlorospingus, 570, 571 Empidonax, 398 opisthomelas,Puffinus, 21 Larus, 192 Oporornis, 556, 558 Myadestes,500 Orangequit,596 Onychorhynchus,386 oratrix, Amazona, 244, 245 Pelecanus, 31 Orchilus, 487 Strix, 262, 263 oreganus, Junco, 625 Tyrannus, 412 orenocensis,Xiphocolaptes, 357 occipitalis, Chlorophonia,586 Oreomystis,675 Podiceps, 8 Oreomyza, 675 oceanicus, Oceanites, 22 Oreopeleia, 229 Oceanites, 22 Oreophasis, 114 Oceanodroma, 23 Oreortyx, 124 ocellata, Meleagris, 122 Oreoscoptes,517 ocellatum, Toxostoma, 520 Oreospiza, 604 ocellatus, Cyrtonyx, 128 Oreothlypis,537 Nyctiphrynus,270 orientalis, Branta, 61 ochotensis, Locustella, 489 Streptopelia,221 ochraceiceps,Hylophilus, 439 Oriole, Abeil16's, 655 ochraceus, Contopus,391 Altamira, 653 Loxops,677 Audubon's, 654 Troglodytes,481 Baltimore, 654 ochrocephala,Amazona, 244, 245 Bar-winged,650 Cyclarhis, 441 Black-backed, 655 ochrolaemus, Automolus, 352 Black-cowled, 649 ochropus, Tringa, 155 Black-headed, 654 Ochthodromus, 144 Black-throated, 653 ocrophus,Tringa, 155 Black-vented, 650 ocularis, Aratinga, 236 Bullock's, 655 Odontophoridae,123 Campo, 652 Odontophorus,126 Fuertes's, 651 Oenanthe, 497 Greater Antillean, 650 oenanthe, Oenanthe, 497 Honda, 652 Oenoenas, 218 Hooded, 651 Oidemia, 79 Jamaican, 653 Oilbird, 274 Lichtenstein's, 653 Oldsquaw,81 Martinique, 650 oleagineus,Mionectes, 378 Montserrat, 650 olivacea, Chlorothraupis,573, 574 Northern, 654, 655 Euphonia, 585 Ochre, 651 Piranga, 578, 579 Orange, 653 Tiaris, 595 Orange-backed,652 olivaceiceps,Chlorospingus, 571 Orange-crowned,652 olivaceum, Oncostoma, 382 Orchard, 650 olivaceus,Hylophilus, 439 Scarlet-headed, 653 •nl•x 805

Scott's, 655 Saw-whet, 266 Spot-breasted,653 Scops,see Scops-Owl St. Lucia, 650 Screech, 255 Streak-backed, 652 (see also Screech-Owl) Tres Mafias, 653 Short-eared, 264 Wagler's, 650 Snowy, 258 Yellow, 698 Spectacled,257 Yellow-backed, 651 Spotted,262 Yellow-tailed, 652 (see also Spotted-Owl) Oriolus, 654 Striped, 265 Oriturus, 609 Stygian, 264 orix, Euplectes,680 Tengmalm's,266 ornatus, Calcarius, 627 UnspottedSaw-whet, 266 Cephalopterus,422 Whiskered, 256 Spizaetus, 105 Wood, see Wood-Owl Ornithion, 373 Oxyechus,144 Oropendola,Black, 658 Oxyruncidae,426 Chestnut-headed, 657 Oxyruncus,427 Chestnut-mantled, 658 Oxyura, 86 Crested, 657 Oxyurini, 85 Montezuma, 658 Oystercatcher,American, 150 Olive, 658 American Black, 150 Wagler's, 657 Black, 150 Ortalis, 112 Eurasian, 149 Orthorhyncus,289 oryzivora,Padda, 683 P Scaphidura,649 Pachyramphus,416, 417 oryzivorus,Dolichonyx, 640 pachyrhyncha,Rhynchopsitta, 238 Oryzoborus,591,593 pacifica, Drepanis, 678 osberti, Chlorostilbon, 292 Gavia, 4 osburni, Vireo, 433 Myrrnotherula,364 Osprey,87 pacificus,Apus, 280 ossifragus,Corvus, 451 Cacicus, 656 ostralegus,Haematopus, 149, 150 Puffinus, 19 otiosus,Caprimulgus, 271 Rhynchocyclus,384 Otocoris, 454 Padda, 683 Otophanes,270 Pagolla, 145 Otus, 253 Pagophila, 195 otus, Asio, 264 Paleognathae,1 Ou, 671 Palila, 672 Ovenbird, 554 pallasi, Emberiza,629 Owl, Ashy-faced,253 pallens, Vireo, 431 Bare-legged,257 pallescens,Dendrocolaptes, 358 Barn, 253 Monasa, 327 (see also Barn-Owl) palliatus,Haematopus, 150 Barred, 263 pallida, Petrochelidon,462 Black-and-white, 262 Spizella, 611 Boreal, 265 pallidicinctus,Tympanuchus, 122 Burrowing, 261 pallidus, Contopus,393 Crested, 257 Palm-Swift, Antillean, 282 Elf, 261 Palm-Tanager,Black-crowned, 572 Ferruginous,260 Gray-crowned,572 Flammulated, 254 palmarum,Corvus, 450, 451 Fulvous, 263 Dendroica, 548 Great Horned, 257 Glaucidium, 259, 260 Great Gray, 263 Phaenicophilus,572 Hawk, 259 Thraupis, 582 Jamaican, 265 Palmchat, 532 Long-eared,264 palmeri, Myadestes,502 Mottled, 262 Porzana, 133 Northern Hawk, 258 Rhodacanthis, 672 Northern Saw-whet, 266 Tangara, 587 Puerto Rican Bare-legged,257 Palmeria, 678 Pygmy, see Pygmy-Owl l•alpebrata, Phoebetria,10 806 CHECK-LISTOF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

palpebrosus,Zosterops, 515 Diademed, 244 paludicola, Cistothorus,483 Green-cheeked, 243 palustris, Cistothorus, 483 Hispaniolan, 242 Microligea, 560 Imperial, 245 Quiscalus, 647 Lilac-crowned, 243 Pampa, 285 Maroon-fronted, 238 pampa, Campylopterus,285 Mealy, 244 Pan, 329 Orange-winged,694 panamensis,Malacoptila, 326 Puerto Rican, 243 Myiarchus, 404 Red-crowned, 243 Scytalopus,372 Red-lored, 243 Pandion, 86 Red-necked, 245 Pandioninae, 86 Saffron-headed, 240 Panterpe, 294 Salvin's, 244 Panyptila, 281 St. Lucia, 245 ß papa, Sarcoramphus,53 St. Vincent, 245 Paphosia,290, 291 Thick-billed, 238 Parabuteo, 98 White-crowned, 241 paradisaea, Sterna, 200 White-fronted, 242 paraguaiae, Gallinago, 177 Yellow-billed, 242 Parakeet, Aztec, 235 Yellow-cheeked, 244 Barred, 238 Yellow-crowned, 245 Black-hooded, 693 Yellow-headed, 244 Brown-throated, 236 Yellow-lored, 242 Caribbean, 236 Yellow-naped,244 Carolina, 234 Parrotbill, Maui, 673 Crimson-fronted,235 Parrotlet, Blue-fronted, 240 Cuban, 235 Blue-rumped,239 Green, 234 Blue-winged,693 Guadeloupe,699 Green-rumped,239 Hispaniolan,235 Guianan, 239 Jamaican, 235 Mexican, 239 Monk, 233 Red-fronted, 240 Nanday, 693 Spectacled,239 Olive-throated, 235 Partridge, 116 Orange-chinned,239 Common, 116 Orange-fronted,235 Gray, 116 Pacific, 234 Hungarian, 116 Painted, 233 Wood, see Wood-Partridge Parula, 533, 537 Red-throated, 234 Parula, Northern, 538 Rose-ringed,232 Shell, 232 Tropical, 538 Parulidae, 532 Socorro, 234 parva, Conopias,409 Sulphur-winged,233 Ficedula, 494 Tovi, 240 parvus, Hemignathus,674 Veraguas,236 Zimmerius, 380 White-winged, 240, 694 Passer, 679 Yellow-chevroned, 240, 694 Passerculus, 615 paramelanotos, Calidris, 699 Passerella, 620, 621,622, 624 parasiticus, Stercorarius, 182 Passerherbulus, 616, 618 Pardirallus, 135 Passeri, 427 parellina, Cyanocompsa,636 Passeridae, 679 pareola, Chiroxiphia, 425 Passeriformes,347 Paridae, 463 Passerina, 636, 637 parisorum, lcterus, 655 passerina, Columbina, 226 parkeri, Glaucidium, 259 Spizella,610 parkinsonL Procellaria, 17 passerinii, Ramphocelus,580, 581 Paroaria, 599 passerinus,Forpus, 239, 694 Paroreomyza,676 pastazae, Galbula, 327 Parrot, Black-billed, 243 Patagioenas, 218 Blue-crowned, 244 patagonica, Pygochelidon,458 Blue-headed, 241 Pauraque,Common, 268 Brown-hooded, 241 Jamaican, 269 Cuban, 242 Least, 269 INDEX 807

Pavo, 118 Contopus,390, 391 pavoninus,Pharomachrus, 318 peruanum, Glaucidium, 260 Peafowl, Common, 118 petechia, Dendroica, 539 pectoralis,Garrulax, 514 petenica,Aimophila, 608 lcterus, 653 Petrel, Bermuda, 14 Notharchus, 325 Black, 17 pecuarius,Charadrius, 691 Black-capped,14 Pedetaithya, 7 Black-winged, 15 Pedioecetes, 121 Blue-footed, 16 pekinensis,Alauda arvensis,453 Bonin, 15 pelagica, Chaetura, 277, 278 Bulwer's, 16 pelagicus,Haliaeetus, 92 Cape, 686 Hydrobates, 23 Cook's, 16 Phalacrocorax, 34 Dark-rumped, 15 Pelagodroma, 22 Defilippe's,687 Pelecani, 28 Fea's, 686 Pelecanidae, 30 Galapagos,15 Pelecaniformes, 26 Giant, see Giant-Petrel Pelecanus, 30 Gray, 687 pelegrinoides,Falco, 111 Hawaiian, 15 Pelican, American White, 31 Herald, 13 Brown, 31 Jamaican, 14 Peruvian, 31 Jouanin's, 17 White, 31 Juan Fernandez, 14 Pelidna, 166 Kermadec, 13 Pelionetta, 79 Madeira, 686 pelodoma,Petrochelidon, 461 Mottled, 14 pelzelni, Granatellus, 568 Murphy's, 13 Pseudotriccus, 381 Parkinson's, 17 Sicalis, 598 Phoenix, 686 penduliger,Cephalopterus, 422 Pintado, 686 Pendulinus, 649 Providence, 686 Penelope, 113 Scaled, 14 penelope,Anas, 66, 67 Soft-plumaged,687 Penelopina,114 Solander's, 686 Penguin,Galapagos, 688 South Trinidad, 13 penicillata, Eucometis,574 Stejneger's,16 penicillatus,Phalacrocorax, 32 Storm, see Storm-Petrel pennatus,Hieraaetus, 691 Tahiti, 686 Pennula, 133 Trindade, 13 pensylvanica,Dendroica, 540 Variable, 13 Peppershrike,Chaco, 441 White-chinned, 687 Ochre-crowned, 441 White-necked, 15 Rufous-browed, 441 Petrochelidon, 461 Yellow-backed, 441 Peucedramidae, 532 percussus,Xiphidiopicus, 338 Peucedramus, 532 Perdix, 116 Pewee, Cuban, 392 perdix, Brachyramphus,212 Dark, 391 Perdix, 116 Greater, 390 peregrina, Vermivora, 534 Greater Antillean, 393 Peregrine, 111 Hispaniolan,393 peregrinus,Falco, 110, 111 Jamaican, 393 Perisoreus, 441 Lesser Antillean, 393 Perissonetta, 74 Ochraceous, 391 Perissotriccus, 381 Short-legged,392 Peristera, 227 Tropical, 392 perquisitor, Vireo, 430 Western, 392 personata,Motacilla, 526 Wood, see Wood-Pewee personus,Turdus, 509 Pezopetes,600, 601 perspicillata, Melanitta, 79 Phaenicophilus,572 Pulsatrix, 257 Phaenostictus, 369 perspicillatus,Hylopezus, 371 phaeocephalus,Cyphorhinus, 486 Phalacrocorax, 688 phaeocercus,Mitrephanes, 389 pertinax, Aratinga, 236 Phaeochroa, 285 808 CHECK-LISTOF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Phaeomyias,374 Phoebetria, 10 phaeonotus,Junco, 625, 626 phoeniceus,Agelaius, 640, 641 Phaeoprogne,454, 456 Cardinalis, 634 phaeopus,Numenius, 160 phoenicobia, Tachornis,282 phaeopygia,Pterodroma, 14, 15 Phoenicopteridae,54 Phaeornis, 499 Phoenicopteriformes,54 phaeosoma,Melamprosops, 678 Phoenicopterus,54 Phaeothlypis,551,565, 567 Phrenopicus,339 Phaethon, 26 Phyllomyias,379 Phaethontes, 26 Phylloscartes,379 Phaethontidae, 26 Phylloscopus,490 Phaethornis, 283 Piaya, 249 Phaethornithinae, 282 Pica, 448 Phaetusa, 204 pica, Fluvicola, 401 Phainopepla, 531 Pica, 448, 449 Phainopepla,531 Pici, 328 Phainoptila, 531 Picidae, 331 Phalacrocoracidae, 32 Piciformes, 324 Phalacrocoracinae,32 Picinae, 332 Phalacrocorax, 32 Picoides, 338, 339 Phalaenoptilus,269 picta, Pyrrhura, 233 Phalarope,Red, 180 pictus, Calcarius, 627 Red-necked, 179 Myioborus, 564 Wilson's, 179 Oreortyx, 124 Phalaropodinae,179 Piculet, Antillean, 332 Phalaropus, 179 Olivaceous, 331 pharetra, Dendroica, 551 Piculus, 342 Pharomachrus, 318 Picumninae, 331 phasianellus,Dromococcyx, 250 Picumnini, 331 Tympanuchus,121, 122 Picumnus, 331 Phasianidae, 114, 123 picumnus,Dendrocolaptes, 357 Phasianinae, 114 picus, Xiphorhynchus,358 Phasianoidea, 114 Pigeon, Band-tailed,220 Phasianus, 117 Bedepsch's,221 Phceoptila,293 Cape, 686 Phceopus,159 Common, 218 Pheasant, 117 Domestic, 218 Common, 117, 118 Dusky, 693 English, 118 Feral, 218 Green, 117 Pale-vented, 218 Japanese,117 Passenger,225 Kalij, 117 Plain, 220 Ring-necked,117 Red-billed, 219 Pheucticus, 634 Red-necked, 219 Philacte, 58 Ring-tailed, 220 philadelphia, Larus, 186 Rock, 218 Oporornis, 557, 558 Ruddy, 220 philadelphicus,Vireo, 437 Rufous, 219 philippi, Pterodroma, 13 Scaled, 219 Philodice, 307, 308 Scaly-naped,219 Philohela, 178 Short-billed, 221 Philohydor,407 White-crowned, 219 Philomachus, 175 White-necked, 220 philomela, Microcerculus,485 Piha, Rufous, 417 Philortyx, 125 pilaris, Lophotriccus,382 Philydor, 350, 351 Turdus, 508 Phlceoceastes,346 pileata, Notiochelidon, 459 Phlogothraupis,580 pileatus, Atlapetes, 601 Phoebastria, 11 Chlorospingus,570 phoebe, Sayornis,392, 399 Dryocopus,346 Phoebe, Black, 399 Lophotriccus,382 Eastern, 399 Pilherodius, 46 Say's, 400 Pilherodius, 45 White-winged, 399 Pinaroloxias, 597 INDEX 809

Pinguinus, 210 Plautus, 208, 210 Pinicola, 660 plebejus, Turdus, 509 pinicola, Ridgwayia, 513 Plectrophenax,630 pinnatus,Botaurus, 36, 37 Plectropterini,64 Pintail, 72 Plegadis, 48 Bahama, 71 pleskei,Locustella, 489 Common, 72 pleuricinctus,Pteroglossus, 330 Eaton's, 72 pleurostictus,Thryothorus, 477 Galapagos,71 Ploceidae, 679 Northern, 71 Ploceinae, 679 White-cheeked, 71 Ploceus, 679 pinus, Carduelis,665, 666, 667, 703 Plover, Black-bellied, 143 Dendroica, 547 Collared, 145 Vermivora, 533, 534, 701,702 Common Ringed, 146 Pionopsitta, 240 Golden, 143 Pionus, 241 (see also Golden-Plover) Pipdo, 604 Gray, 143 Pipit, American,528 Kentish, 146 Meadow, 697 Kittlitz's, 691 Menzbier's, 528 Little Ringed, 148 Olive-backed, 527 Mongolian, 145 Pechora, 527 Mountain, 148 Red-throated, 528 Oriental, 692 Spotted,527 Peruvian, 146 Sprague's,529 Piping, 147 Tree, 527 Ringed, 147 (see also Tree-Pipit) Semipalmated,147 Water, 529 Snowy, 145 Yellowish, 529 Thick-billed, 146 pipixcan, Larus, 184 Upland, 159 Pipra, 423, 425 Wilson's, 146 pipra, Pipra, 425 plumbea, Dendroica, 551 Pipridae,423 Diglossa, 598 Piprites, 416, 417 lctinia, 90, 91 Piprites,Gray-headed, 417 Leucopternis,96 Wing-barred,417 Polioptila, 493 Pipromorpha,378 Zenaida, 699 Pipromorphinae,373 plumbeiceps,Leptotila, 228 Piranga, 577 plumbeus,Turdus, 512 Pisobia, 166 Vireo, 434, 435 pitangua, Megarynchus,408 Plumeleteer, Black-vented, 303 Pitangus, 407 Blue-bellied, 303 pitiayumi, Parula, 538 Bronze-tailed, 303 Pittasoma, 370 Ecuadorian, 303 pittieri, Heterorhina, 484 White-vented, 302 Pitylus, 631 Pluvialis, 142 pityophila, Dendroica,546, 547 pluvialis, Hyetornis,249 placida, Geopelia, 223 Pochard, 75 plagiata, Asturina, 97 Baer's, 690 plancus, Caracara, 106 Common, 75 Planofalco, 108 Red-crested, 690 Platalea, 50 Podasocys,144 Plataleinae, 50 Podiceps,7 platensis, Cistothorus,482 podiceps,Podilymbus, 6 Platurornis, 312 Podicipedidae,5 Platycercinae,232 Podicipediformes,5 platycercus,Selasphorus, 312 Podilymbus,6 Platypsaris,418, 419 Poecile, 463 platypterus,Buteo, 99, 100 poecilochrous,Buteo, 691 platyrhynchos,Anas, 68, 69, 698 poecilorhyncha,Anas, 69 platyrhynchum,Electron, 322 Poecilotriccus, 382 Platyrinchinae,381 poliocephala, Geothlypis,560 Platyrinchus, 385 Ortalis, 113 platyrostris,Dendrocolaptes, 358 poliocephalus,Phaenicophilus, 572 810 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS poliocerca, Eupherusa, 301 Prosopocygna,55 poliogaster, Caryothraustes,632, 633 prostheleuca,Heterorhina, 484 polionota, Leucopternis,96 prosthemelas,lcterus, 649 Polioptila, 491 Protonotaria, 552 Polioptilinae,491 Prunella, 524 Polioptilini, 491 Prunellidae, 524 Polyborini, 106 psaltria, Carduelis, 667 Polyborus, 106 Psaltriparus, 467 polychopterus,Pachyramphus, 418, 419 Psarocolius, 657 Polyerata, 297 Pselliophorus,600, 601 polyglottos,Mimus, 516 Pseudocolaptes,350 polyglottus,Cistothorus, 483 Pseudonestor, 673 polyosoma, Buteo, 691 Pseudonestor, 673 Polysticta, 77 Pseudoscops,265 polytmus, Trochilus, 297 Pseudotriccus, 381 pomarinus, Stercorarius, 182 Psilorhinus, 443 pondicerianus,Francolinus, 115 psittacea, Psittirostra, 671,672 Poo-uli, 678 Psittacidae, 232 Pooecetes, 613 Psittaciformes, 232 Poorwill, Common, 269 Psittacinae, 232 Eared, 270 Psittacula, 232 Jamaican, 269 psittacula, Aethia, 215 Least, 269 Psittirostra, 671 Ocellated, 270 Psomocolax, 649 Yucatan, 270 Ptarmigan, 120 Popelairia, 291 Rock, 120 Porphyrio, 136 White-tailed, 120 porphyrio, Porphyrio, 691 Willow, 119 Porphyrula, 136 Pternistis, 115 portoricensis,Loxigilla, 596 Pterocles, 217 Melanerpes, 333 Pteroclididae, 217 Porzana, 133, 135 Pterodroma, 13 porzana, Porzana, 134 Pteroglossus,329 Porzanula, 133 ptilocnemis, Calidris, 172 potomac, Dendroica, 702 Ptilogonatidae,530 Potoo, Common, 274 Ptilogonys,531 Great, 274 Ptiloleptis, 249 Northern, 274 Ptiloxena, 644 praecox, Thamnophilus,362 Ptychoramphus,214 Prairie-Chicken, Greater, 121 Puaiohi, 502 Lesser, 122 pubescens,Picoides, 339 prasinus, Aulacorhynchus,329 pucherani, Melanerpes, 334 pratensis, Anthus, 697 puella, Trogon, 316 Pratincole, Oriental, 181 Puffbird, Barred, 324 Prcedo, 388 Black-breasted, 325 Premnoplex, 349 Buff-bellied, 325 pretiosa, Claravis, 227 Pied, 325 pretrei, Amazona, 243 White-necked, 325 prevostii, Anthracothorax, 287, 288 White-whiskered, 326 princeps, Leucopternis,96 Puffin, 217 Passerculus, 615 Atlantic, 216 principalis, Campephilus,347 Common, 217 Priocella, 12 Horn-billed, 216 Priotelus, 314 Horned, 217 Procellaria, 17 Tufted, 217 Procellariidae, 12 Puffinus, 17, 18 Procellariiformes, 9 puffinus, Puffinus, 20, 21 Procelsterna, 207 Puffleg, Greenish,306 procerus, Hemignathus,675 pugnax, Philomachus,175 Procnias, 422 pulchellus, Vireolanius, 440, 441 Proctopus, 7 pulcher, Calothorax, 308 Progne, 454 Melanerpes, 334 promeropirhynchus,Xiphocolaptes, 357 pulchra, Cyanolyca,445 propinqua, Vireosylva, 701 Pionopsitta, 241 INDEX 81 1

Pulsatrix, 257 Douglas, 125 pumilo, Cyanolyca,445 Elegant, 124 pumilus, Coccyzus,694 Gambel's, 125 punctatus,Thamnophilus, 362 Harlequin, 128 puncticeps,Dysithamnus, 363 Japanese,116 punctigula, Colaptes, 343 Mearns's, 128 punctulata, Lonchura, 683 Montezuma, 128 punctulatus, Chlorospingus,570 Mountain, 124 Purple-Gallinule,American, 136 Ocellated, 128 purpurascens,Anodorhynchus, 699 Salle's, 128 Penelope, 113 Scaled, 124 purpurata, Querula, 422 Singing, 128 purpureus, Carpodacus,661 Tawny-faced,128 pusilia, Aethia, 215 Wood, see Wood-Quail Calidris, 167 Quail-Dove, Blue-headed, 232 Emberiza, 628 Bridled, 229 Sitta, 469 Buff-fronted, 230 Spizella, 612 Chiriqui, 230 Wilsonia, 562 Costa Rican, 230 pusillus, Campylorhamphus,360 Crested, 231 Empidonax, 396 Goldman's, 231 pustulatus,Icterus, 652, 655 Gray-headed,231 Pycnonotidae,486 Key West, 229 Pycnonotus,487 Martinique, 231 pygmaea, Aethia, 215 Moustached, 231 Sitta, 469 Olive-backed, 229 pygmaeus,Melanerpes, 335 Purplish-backed,230 pygmeus,Eurynorhynchus, 174 Ruddy, 231 Pygmornis, 283, 284 Russet-crowned, 230 Pygmy-Owl, Andean, 259 Tuxtla, 230 Austral, 260 Veraguas,229 Central American, 259 Violaceous, 231 Colima, 260 White-faced, 230 Cuban, 260 Querquedula, 65 Ferruginous,260 querquedula,Anas, 72 Least, 259 Querula, 422 Mexican, 259 querula, Zonotrichia, 623 Mountain, 259 Quetzal, Eared, 318 Northern, 259 Golden-headed, 318 Peruvian, 260 Resplendent,318 Tamaulipas,260 quinquestriata,Aimophila, 609 Yungas, 259 Quiscalus, 644, 645 Pygmy-Tyrant,Black-capped, 381 quiscula, Quiscalus,646 Bronze-olive, 381 quixensis,Microrhopias, 365 Pale-eyed, 382 Scale-crested, 382 R Pygochelidon,458 radiatus, Nystalus, 324 pyrilia, Pionopsitta,240 radiolatus, Melanerpes, 334, 335, 336 Pyrocephalus,400 Rail, Black, 130 pyrrhodes,Philydor, 352 Clapper, 131 pyrrholaemum, Electron, 322 Hawaiian, 134 pyrrhonota, Petrochelidon,461,462 King, 132 Pyrrhula, 669 Laysan, 133 pyrrhula, Pyrrhula, 669 Mexican, 132 pyrrhuloides, Emberiza, 630 Spotted, 135 Pyrrhuloxia, 633, 634 Virginia, 132 Pyrrhuloxia, 634 Water, 691 Pyrrhuphonia,583 Wood, see Wood-Rail Pyrrhura, 233 Yellow, 129 Zapata, 135 Q Rallidae, 129 Quail, Banded, 125 ralloides, Myadestes,500 Barred, 125 Railus, 131 California, 125 Ramphastidae,328 812 CHECK-LISTOF NORTH AMERICANBIRDS

Ramphastinae,329 richardsoni,Melanospiza, 596 Rarnphastos,330 richardsonii,Contopus, 392 Ramphocaenini,491 Tyrannula, 392 Rarnphocaenus,491 Richrnondena, 633 Rarnphocelus,580 richrnondi, Chaetura, 278 Rarnphocinclus,521 ricordii, Chlorostilbon, 292 Raven, 452 ridgwayi, Aegolius, 266 Brown-necked, 452 Buteo, 99, 100 Chihuahuan, 452 Caprirnulgus,272 Common, 452 Cotinga, 421 Holarctic, 452 Myiobius, 387 Northern, 452 Nesotriccus, 374 White-necked, 452 Stelgidopteryx,460 ravidus, Turdus, 512 Thalurania, 294 Razorbill, 210 Ridgwayia, 513 Recurvirostra, 151 ridibundus, Larus, 185 Recurvirostridae, 150 Riparia, 460 Redhead, 74 riparia, Riparia, 460 redivivurn, Toxostorna, 520 risoria, Streptopelia,221 Redpoll, 664 Rissa, 194 Arctic, 665 rivularis, Phaeothlypis,567 Common, 664 rixosus, Machetornis, 401 Greater, 665 Roadrunner, 251 Hoary, 664 Greater, 251 Hornemann's, 665 Lesser, 251 Redshank, 154 roberti, Phaeochroa, 285 Common, 154 Robin, 511 Spotted, 154 American, 511 Redstart, American, 552 Bare-eyed,510 Collared, 564 Black, 508 Painted, 564 Bush, see Bush-Robin Slate-throated, 564 Clay-colored,509 Redwing, 508 Ecuadorian, 510 Reed-Bunting,Dark, 630 Grayson's, 511 Northern, 630 Magpie, 696 Pale, 630 Mountain, 509 Reef-Heron, Indian, 42 Pekin, 514 Western, 41 Rufous-backed, 51 ! regalis, Buteo, 102 Rufous-collared, 511 Regulidae, 487 San Lucas, 511 Regulus, 487 Siberian Blue, 496 reinwardtii, Selenidera, 330 Sooty, 508 reiseri, Sittasornus, 356 White-throated, 510 relicta, Arnaurospiza,594 Rook, 696 religiosa, Gracula, 524 Eurasian, 696 Remizidae, 467 rosea, Rhodinocichla, 573 rharni, Larnprolairna,289, 305 Rhodostethia, 195 Rhinocryptidae,372 Rosefinch, Common, 661 Rhinoptynx,265 roseigaster,Priotelus, 314 Rhodacanthis, 672 roseogrisea,Streptopelia, 222 Rhodinocichla, 573 roseogularis,Piranga, 577 Rhodostethia, 195 roseus,Phoenicopterus, 54 Rhodothraupis,632, 633 rositae, Passerina, 637 Rhopoctites,353 rossii, Chen, 59 Rhopoterpe,369 rostrata, Carduelis, 665 Rhynchocyclus,384 Geothlypis,559 Rhynchodon, 108 Pterodrorna, 686 Rhynchofalco, 108 rostratus, Passerculus, 616 Rhynchophanes,626, 627 Rostrharnus, 89 Rhynchopsitta,238 Rosy-Finch,American, 659 Rhynchortyx, 128 Black, 659 Rhytipterna,402 Brown-capped,660 Riccordia, 291 Gray-crowned,659 Ricebird, 683 Royal-Flycatcher,Amazonian, 386 INDEX 813

Northern, 386 ruffventris,Lurocalis, 267 Swainson's, 386 Ramphocaenus,491 Western, 386 rufivirgatus,Arremonops, 602 ruber, Ergaticus,563, 564 rufobrunneus,Thripadectes, 353 Eudocimus, 48 rufociliatus,Troglodytes, 481 Laterallus, 130 rufocollaris,Petrochelidon, 462 Phoenicopterus,54 rufopalliatus,Turdus, 511 Sphyrapicus,338 rufulus, Troglodytes,481 rubescens,Anthus, 528 rufum, Toxostoma,518, 519 rubetra, Saxicola, 697 rufus, Campylopterus,286 rubica, Habia, 576 Caprimulgus,271 rubiginosus,Automolus, 352 Loxops, 677 Margarornis, 350 Pachyramphus,418, 419 Piculus, 343 Philydor, 352 rubinus,Pyrocephalus, 400 Selasphorus,312, 313 rubra, Crax, 114 Tachyphonus,576 Piranga, 578 Trogon, 317 rubricapillus,Melanerpes, 335 rustica, Emberiza, 628 rubricata, Lagonosticta,698 Haplospiza, 597 rubricauda, Phaethon, 27 Hirundo, 462 rubriceps,Piranga, 697 rusticola, Scolopax, 178 rubrifrons, Cardellina, 563 rusticolus, Falco, 110, 111 Heterospingus,575 ruticilla, Setophaga,552 Hylophilus, 439 rutila, Amazilia, 300, 700 rubripes,Anas, 68, 69 Streptoprocne,276 rubritorquis,Aratinga, 234 rutilans, Xenops, 353 rubrocapilla, Pipra, 426 rutilus, Pipilo, 606 Rubythroat,Siberian, 495 Thryothorus,476, 477 ruckeri, Threnetes, 283 Rynchopinae,208 tufa, Anhinga, 34 Rynchops,208 Fringilla, 677 rufalbus, Thryothorus,477 S rufaxilla, Leptotila, 228, 229 sabini, Xema, 194 rufescens,Aimophila, 609 Sabrewing,Curve-winged, 285 Egretta, 43 Long-tailed,285 Laniocera, 417 Rufous, 286 Myiophobus,388 Violet, 286 Poecile, 465 Wedge-tailed,285 Thamnistes, 363 sagittirostris,Hemignathus, 674 Ruff, 175 sagrae,Myiarchus, 406 ruficapilla, Nonnula, 326 sallaei, Cyrtonyx, 128 Vermivora, 535, 537 Granatellus, 568 ruficapillus,Baryphthengus, 321 salmoni, Brachygalba, 327 Charadrius, 146 Tigrisoma, 38 ruficauda,Aimophila, 607 Salpinctes,473, 474 Cinclocerthia, 522 Saltator, 631 Galbula, 327 Saltator, Black-headed, 632 Ortalis, 112 Buff-throated, 631 ruficeps,Aimophila, 608 Grayish,631 ruficollis, Branta, 689 Lesser Antillean, 631 Calidris, 168 Middle American, 631 Corvus, 452 Streaked, 631 Micrastur, 105 salvini, Amazona, 244 Stelgidopteryx,460 Basileuterus, 566 ruficrissa,Ortalis, 112 Caprimulgus,271,272 rufffrons,Basileuterus, 565 Chlorostilbon, 292 rufigula, Gymnopithys,369 Cyanomyia,701 ruffgularis,Falco, 110 Habia, 576 Hyetornis, 249 sanblasianus,Cyanocorax, 444 rufimarginatus,Herpsilochmus, 365 sanchezi, Glaucidium, 259, 260 ruffna, Netta, 690 sanctaemartae,Tyrannus savana, 415 rufinucha,Campylorhynchus, 472 sanctihieronymi,Panyptila, 281 ruffpectus,Forrnicarius, 370 sanctithomae,Dendrocolaptes, 357 rufftorques,Turdus, 511 Sanderling,167 814 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Sandgrouse,Chestnut-bellied, 217 scandiaca, Nyctea, 258 Sandpiper,Baird's, 170 Scaphidura, 648, 649 Bartram's, 159 Scardafella, 225, 226 Broad-billed, 174 Scaup, 76 Buff-breasted, 174 Greater, 76 Common, 157 Lesser, 76 Cooper's,699 Schiffornis, 416 Cox's, 699 Schiffornis, Brown, 416 Curlew, 173, 699 Thrush-like, 416 Green, 155 schistacea,Egretta, 41 Least, 169 Leucopternis,96 Marsh, 154 Passerella, 620 Pectoral, 171,699 Sporophila, 592 Purple, 171 schistaceigula,Polioptila, 493 Rock, 172 schisticolor,Myrrnotherula, 365 Rufous-necked, 168 schistisagus,Larus, 191, 193 Semipalmated,167 schoeniclus, Emberiza, 629 Sharp-tailed,171 schomburgkii,Micropygia, 129 Solitary, 155 schulzi,Dryocopus, 346 Spoonbill, 174 scintilla, Selasphorus,314 Spotted, 158 scitulus, Trochilus, 297 Stilt, 173 sclateri, Chaetura, 279 Terek, 158 Icterus, 653 Upland, 159 Poecile, 464 Western, 168 Thryothorus,477 White-rumped, 170 $clerurus, 353 Wood, 155 scolopaceus,Lirnnodrornus, 176 sandvicensis, Branta, 60 Scolopaci, 152 $terna, 198 Scolopacidae,152 sandwichensis,Chasiernpis, 452 Scolopacinae,152 Passerculus, 615 Scolopacini,178 Porzana, 134 Scolopax, 178 Pterodrorna, 15 scops, Otus, 254 sanguinea,Hirnatione, 678 Scops-Owl, Oriental, 254 sanguineus,Pteroglossus, 330 Pallid, 254 sanguinolentus,Rarnphocelus, 580 Scoter, American, 81 Sapayoa,416 Asiatic, 80 Sapayoa,416 Black, 81 Broad-billed, 416 Common, 81 Sapphire,Blue-headed, 295 Surf, 79 Sapsucker,Red-breasted, 338 Velvet, 80 Red-naped,337, 338 White-winged, 80 Williamson's, 336 scoticus,Lagopus, 120 Yellow-bellied, 337 $cotothorus, 416 Sarcorarnphus,53 Screech-Owl, Balsas, 255 Sarkidiornis, 64 Bare-legged,256 sasin, $elasphorus,313, 701 Bare-shanked, 256 satrapa, Regulus,487, 488, 701 Bearded, 256 saturatus, Caprirnulgus,273 Bridled, 256 Cuculus, 246 Common, 255 Saucerottia, 297 Cooper's, 255 saucerrottei, Arnazilia, 299 Cuban, 257 saularis, Copsychus,696 Eastern, 255 saundersi, $terna, 202 Flammulated, 254 $aurothera, 248 Kennicott's, 254 savana, Tyrannus, 415 Middle American, 256 Tyrannussavana, 415 Pacific, 255 savannarum, Arnrnodrarnus, 616 Puerto Rican, 257 saxatalis, Aeronautes, 281 Santa Barbara, 256 Saxicola, 497 Spotted, 256 saya, $ayornis, 400 Tropical, 256 sayaca, Thraupis,582 Vermiculated, 256 $ayornis, 399 Vinaceous, 254 scalaris, Picoides, 339 Western, 254 INDEX 815

Whiskered, 255 Sericotes, 288, 289 scrippsi,Synthliboramphus, 213 Serinus, 669 Scrub-Flycatcher,Amazonian, 381 Serpophaga,377 Northern, 380 serranus, Turdus, 509 Smooth, 381 serrator, Mergus, 85 Southern, 381 Morus, 30 Scrub-Jay,California, 447 serripennis,Stelgidopteryx, 459, 460 Florida, 446 setifrons,Xenornis, 362 Island, 446 Setochalcis, 270 Sumichrast's,447 Setophaga,552 Western, 446 severa, Ara, 236 Woodhouse's, 447 Shama, White-rumped, 497 Scytalopus,372 Sharpbill, 427 Scythebill,Brown-billed, 360 sharpei, Terenura, 366 Red-billed, 360 Sheartail, Mexican, 308 Sea-Eagle,Gray, 92 Slender, 307 Steller's, 92 Shearwater, Allied, 22 White-tailed, 92 Audubon's, 21 Seaside-Sparrow,Cape Sable, 619 Black-tailed, 687 Common, 619 Black-vented, 21 Dusky, 619 Buller's, 19 seductus, Otus, 255 Christmas, 20 seebohrni, Oenanthe, 497 Cory's, 17 Seed-Finch, Chestnut-bellied, 593 Flesh-footed, 18 Great-billed, 583 Gray-backed,19 Lesser, 594 Great, 19 Nicaraguan,593 Greater, 18 Pink-billed, 593 Little, 22 Thick-billed, 593 Manx, 20 Seedeater, Black, 592 New Zealand, 19 Blue, 594 Newell's, 21 Cinnamon-rumped,592 Pale-footed, 18 Lesson's, 697 Pink-footed, 18 Lined, 697 Short-tailed, 20 Morellet's, 592 Slender-billed, 20 Ruddy-breasted,593 Sooty, 19 Slate-blue, 594 Streaked, 17 Slate-colored, 592 Townsend's, 21 Tawny-bellied,593 Wedge-tailed, 19 Variable, 592 Shelduck, 690 White-collared, 592 Common, 690 Wing-barred,592 Ruddy, 690 Yellow-bellied, 592 Shoveler, 71 Seiurus, 554 Northern, 71 Selasphorus,311,312 Shrike, Brown, 428 Selenidera, 330 Chinese Gray, 429 semibadius,Thryothorus, 476 Great Gray, 429 sernibrunneus,Hylophilus, 440 Loggerhead,428 sernicollaris,Streptoprocne, 277 Northern, 429 Sernicollurn, 276 Red-backed, 428 sernifasciata,Tityra, 420 Red-tailed, 428 sernifiava,Geothlypis, 559 Rufous-tailed, 428 sernifiavurn,Ornithion, 373 Saharan, 429 sernifiavus,Vireo, 431 SouthernGray, 429 semipalmatus,Catoptrophorus, 156 Shrike-Tanager,Black-throated, 574 Charadrius, 147 White-throated, 574 semiplumbea,Leucopternis, 96 Shrike-Vireo, Chestnut-sided, 440 sernitorquatus,Lurocalis, 267 Green, 440 Micrastur, 106 Yellow-browed, 440 Semnornis, 328 Sialia, 498 Semnornithinae, 328 sialis, Sialia, 498 sentperi,Leucopeza, 561 sibilans, Myadestes,500 senilis, Pionus, 241 sibilator, Sirystes,402 sericocaudatus,Caprimulgus, 271, 272 sibilatrix, Phylloscopus,490 816 CHECK-LISTOF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS sibirica, Muscicapa, 495 Snipe, 177 Sicalis, 598 Common, 177 Sicklebill,White-tipped, 284 Great, 692 Sieberocitta, 446 Jack, 176 siju, Glaucidium, 260 Pin-tailed, 177 Silky-flycatcher,Black-and-yellow, 531 Wilson's, 177 Gray, 531 Snowcap,302 Long-tailed, 531 Snowcock,Himalayan, 116 Silverbill, 682 snowi, Cepphus,211 African, 682 sociabilis, Rostrhamus, 89 Warbling,682 socorroensis, Oceanodroma, 24 White-throated, 682 Pipilo, 605 similis, Myiozetetes,408 Softtail, Double-banded, 349 simillimus, Turdus, 507 solandri, Pterodroma, 686 simoni, Selasphorus,313 Solitaire, Andean, 500 simplex,Phaetusa, 204 Black-faced, 500 Piculus, 342 Brown-backed, 500 sinaloa, Thryothorus,477 Cuban, 500 sinaloae, Corvus, 450, 451 Rufous-throated, 500 Progne, 455 Slate-colored, 501 sinensis,lxobrychus, 37, 38 St. Vincent, 500 Singing-Finch,Green, 669 Townsend's, 499 sinica, Carduelis, 668 Varied, 501 sinuatus, Cardinalis, 634 solitaria, Tringa, 155 Siphonorhis,269 solitarius, Buteo, 102 Sirystes,402, 403 Harpyhaliaetus, 99 Sirystes, 402 Myiodynastes,410 Sibilant, 402 Vireo, 434, 435, 701 White-rumped,402 $olivireo, 430 Siskin, Antillean, 667 soloensis,Accipiter, 93 Black-capped,666 solstitialis, Troglodytes,481 Black-headed, 666 Somateria, 77 Eurasian, 665 Sooty-Albatross,Light-mantled, 11 Hooded, 698 Sora, 134 Pine, 665 sordidulus,Contopus, 391,392 Red, 667 sordidus,Cynanthus, 293 Yellow-bellied, 666 soui, Crypturellus,2 sissonii,Thryomanes, 479 souleyetii,Lepidocolaptes, 359 Sitta, 468 Spadebill,Golden-crowned, 385 Sittasomus, 355 Stub-tailed, 385 Sittidae, 468 White-throated, 385 Sittinae, 468 Yellow-crested, 385 sittoides,Diglossa, 598 spadiceus,Attila, 402 Skimmer, Black, 208 spadix, Thryothorus,475 skua, Catharacta, 181, 182 Sparrow,American Tree, 610 Skua, Arctic, 183 Andean, 622 Brown, 181 Bachman's, 608 Chilean, 692 Baird's, 617 Falkland, 181 Belding's,616 Great, 181 Bell's, 615 Long-tailed, 183 Black-chested, 607 Northern, 181 Black-chinned, 612 Pomarine, 182 Black-striped,603 Pomatorhine, 182 Black-throated, 614 South Polar, 182 Botteri's, 608 Southern, 181 Brewer's, 611 Skylark, 453 Bridled, 607 Common, 453 Cape Sable,619 Eurasian, 453 Cassin's, 607 European,453 Chipping,610 Japanese,453 Cinnamon-tailed, 607 Slaty-Antshrike,Western, 362 Clay-colored,611 Smaragdolanius,440 Eurasian Tree, 679 Smew, 83 EuropeanTree, 679 INDEX 817

Field, 612 Spindalis, 581 Five-striped,609 Spinetail,Coiba, 349 Fox, 620 Pale-breasted, 348 (see also Fox-Sparrow) Red-faced, 348 Golden-crowned, 624 Rufous-breasted,348 Grasshopper,616 Rusty-backed,349 Green-backed, 603 Slaty, 348 Ground, see Ground-Sparrow spinicauda,Chaetura, 278 Harris's, 623 spinoletta,Anthus, 529 Henslow's, 617 spinosa,Jacana, 152 House, 679 Spinus, 665 Ipswich, 616 spinus, Carduelis, 665 Java, 683 spirurus,Glyphorynchus, 356 Large-billed, 616 Spiza, 639 Lark, 613 spiza, Chlorophanes,589 Le Conte's, 618 Spizaetus,104 Lincoln's, 621 Spizastur, 104 Nelson'sSharp-tailed, 618 Spizella, 610 Oaxaca, 609 splendens,Campephilus, 346 Olive, 602 spodioptila, Terenura, 366 Orange-billed,602 Spodiornis,597 Pacific, 603 spodiurus,Pachyramphus, 418 Peten, 608 sponsa,Aix, 65 Pine-woods, 608 Spoonbill,689 Rufous-collared, 622 Common, 689 Rufous-crowned, 608 Eurasian, 689 Rufous-winged,607 European, 689 Russet-tailed, 607 Roseate, 50 Rusty, 609 White, 689 Sage, 614 Sporophila,591 SaltmarshSharp-tailed, 619 Spotted-Owl,California, 263 Savannah, 615 Mexican, 263 Seaside, 619 spragueii,Anthus, 529 (see also Seaside-Sparrow) spurius, Icterus, 650 Sierra Madre, 619 squamata,Callipepla, 124, 125 Song, 621 squamatus,Capito, 328 Stripe-headed,607 squamiger,Margarornis, 350 Striped, 610 Neomorphus,251 Sumichrast's,607 squammata,Columbina, 226 Swamp,622 squamosa,Columba, 219 Timberline, 612 Squatarola,142 Tocuyo, 603 squatarola, Pluvialis, 143 Tree, 610, 679 stagnatilis, Tringa, 154 Vesper,613 Starling,523 White-crowned, 623 Common, 523 White-throated, 622 European, 523 Worthen's, 612 Spotless,523 Zapata, 610 Starnoenas, 231 Sparrowhawk,Eurasian, 690 Starthroat, Constant's, 307 sparverius,Falco, 108 Long-billed, 306 Spatula, 65 Plain-capped,306 speciosa,Columba, 219 Steatornis, 274 Geothlypis,559 Steatornithidae, 274 spectabilis,Eugene& 306 Steganopus,179 Selenidera, 330 stejnegeri,Akialoa, 675 Sornateria, 77 Hemignathus,675 speculiferus,Nesospingus, 570 Himatione, 674 spengeli,Forpus passerinus,693 Melanitta, 80 Speotyto,261 Stelgidopteryx,459 Spermagra,577 stellaris, Cistothorus, 483 Spermestes,682, 683 stellata, Gavia, 3 Spermophila,591 stelleri, Cyanocitta,442 sphenocercus,Lanius, 429 Polysticta,77 Sphyrapicus,336 Stellula, 311 818 CHECK-LISTOF NORTHAMERICAN BIRDS

Stenorhynchus,522 striatipectus, Saltator, 631 stenura, Gallinago, 177 striatipictus, Saltator, 631 Stercorariinae, 181 striatus, Accipiter, 93 Stercorarius, 182 Butorides, 45 Sterna, 196 Melanerpes, 334 Sterninae, 196 stricklandi, Picoides, 340 Sternula, 196 Strigidae, 253 stictoptera, Myrmornis, 369 Strigiformes,253 Stilt, Black-necked, 151 $trix, 262 Black-winged, 150 $turnella, 642 Hawaiian, 151 Sturnidae, 523 White-backed, 151 Sturnus, 523 Stint, Little, 168 stygius, Asio, 264 Long-toed, 169 subalaris,Syndactyla, 351 Red-necked, 168 subbrunneus,Cnipodectes, 383 Rufous-necked, 168 subbuteo, Falco, 109 Temminck's, 169 subis, Progne, 454, 455,456 stolidus, Anous, 206 $ublegatus, 380 Myiarchus, 406 subrninuta, Calidris, 169 Stonechat, 498 subpersonata,Motacilla, 526 Common, 498 subrubra, Ficedula, 494 Siberian, 498 subrufescens,Mornotus, 321 storeri, Cypseloides,275, 276 subruficollis, Tryngites, 174 Stork, White, 689 subtilis, Buteogallus,97 Wood, 51 subulatus, Hyloctistes, 350 Storm-Petrel, Ashy, 24 Todus, 319 Band-rumped,25 subvinacea, Colurnba, 220, 221 Black, 25 $ula, 28 Black-bellied, 687 sula, $ula, 29 British, 23 sulcirostris,Crotophaga, 252 Dusky-rumped, 24 sulfuratus,Rarnphastos, 330 European,23 Sulidae, 28 Fork-tailed, 23 sulphuratus,Pitangus, 407 Galapagos,25 sulphureipygius,Myiobius, 387 Guadalupe,25 sulphurescens,Tolrnornyias, 384 Harcourt's, 25 surnatrana, Sterna, 693 Leach's, 23 surnichrasti,Airnophila, 607 Least, 26 Arnazilia, 299 Madeira, 25 Aphelocorna,446 Markham's, 25 Hylorchilus, 474, 475 Ringed, 688 Sunbittern, 139 Sooty, 26 sundevalli, Butorides, 45 Tristram's, 26 Sungrebe,139 Wedge-rumped,25 sunia, Otus, 254 White-bellied, 687 superciliaris,Leptopogon, 379 White-faced, 23 Melanerpes, 336 White-vented, 687 Phylloscartes,379 Wilson's, 22 $terna, 202 Streaked-Antwren, Amazonian, 364 $turnella, 642 Pacific, 364 Thryothorus,478 Streamcreeper,Sharp-tailed, 354 superciliosa, Eurnornota,322 Streamertail, 297 Parula, 537 Eastern, 297 superciliosus,Accipiter, 93 Western, 297 Arrernonops, 603 strenua, Aratinga, 234 Oriturus, 610 strepera, Anas, 66, 698 Phaethornis, 283 Streptoceryle,322 Surfbird, 165 Streptopelia, 221 surinarnensis,Myrmotherula, 364 Streptoprocne,276 $urnia, 258 striata, Dendroica, 549 susurrans,Xiphorhynchus, 358 Geopelia, 223 svecica, Luscinia, 496 striaticeps, Dysitharnnus,363 swainsoni, Buteo, 101,691 striaticollis, Anabacerthia, 351 Catharus, 505 striatigularis,Xiphorhynchus, 358 Onychorhynchus,386 819 swainsonii, Chlorostilbon, 293 White-naped, 277 Gampsonyx,88 White-rumped, 280 Lirnnothlypis,554 White-throated, 281 Notharchus, 325 White-throated Needle-tailed, 279 Rarnphastos,331 Yucatan, 278 Vireo, 436 Swiftlet, Guam, 280 swalesi, Turdus, 512 sybillae, Larnpornis,303 Swallow, Bahama, 458 sylvia, Poecilotriccus, 383 Bank, 460 sylvicola, Sarkidiornis, 64 Barn, 462 sylviellus, Sittasornus,356 Black-capped,459 Sylviidae, 489 Blue-and-white, 458 Sylviinae, 489 Cave, 461 Synallaxis, 348 Chestnut-collared, 462 Syndactyla, 351 Cinnamon-throated, 462 Synthliboramphini,213 Cliff, 461 Synthliborarnphus,213 Coban, 459 Syrichta, 390 European, 462 Syrichtha, 390 Golden, 458 Mangrove, 457 T Northern Rough-winged,459 tacarcunae, Chlorospingus,570 Patagonian,459 Tachornis, 282 Ridgway's Rough-winged,460 Tachybaptus,5 Rough-winged,460 Tachycineta,457 SouthernRough-winged, 460 Tachyrnarptis,280, 281 Tree, 457 Tachyphonus,575 Violet-green, 458 Tachytriorchis, 99 White-thighed,459 taczanowskii,Podiceps, 8 Swamphen,Purple, 691 tadorna, Tadorna, 690 Swan, Bewick's, 63 Tadorninae, 64 Mute, 62 Tadomni, 64 Trumpeter, 62 taeniatus, Microcerculus, 485 Tundra, 62 Peucedrarnus, 532 Whistling, 63 taha, Euplectes, 680 Whooper, 63 tahitica, Hirundo, 463 Swift, 280 tahitiensis, Nurnenius, 161 Alpine, 280 talpacoti, Colurnbina,227 Andre's, 278 Tanager,Abbot's, 582 Antillean Cloud, 276 Ant, see Ant-Tanager Ash-rumped,279 Azure-rumped,586 Ashy-tailed, 278 Bay-and-blue,587 Band-rumped, 278 Bay-and-green, 588 Black, 275 Bay-headed, 587 Cayenne, 281 Black-and-yellow,571 Chapman's, 278 Blue-and-gold,582 Chestnut-collared, 276 Blue-gray, 581 Chimney, 277 Brazilian, 580 Common, 280 Bush, see Bush-Tanager Dark-breasted, 278 Cabanis's, 586 Dusky-backed, 278 Chat, see Chat-Tanager Fork-tailed, 280 Cherrie's, 581 Geronimo, 281 Crimson-backed, 580 Gray-rumped,279 Crimson-collared, 580 Great Swallow-tailed, 281 Dusky-faced,573 Lesser Antillean, 279 Emerald, 587 Lesser Swallow-tailed, 281 Flame-colored, 579 Palm, see Palm-Swift Flame-rumped,581 Short-tailed, 278 Glaucous, 582 Sick's, 278 Golden-hooded, 588 Spot-fronted,276 Golden-masked, 588 Vaux's, 277 Gray's, 697 White-chinned, 275 Gray-and-gold,587 White-collared, 276 Gray-crested,574 White-fronted, 275 Gray-headed,574 820 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Green-naped,588 Teal, 73 Hepatic, 577 Baikal, 72 Hispaniolan,581 Blue-winged, 70 Hooded, 588 Cinnamon, 70 Huallaga, 580 Common, 73 Jamaican, 581 Falcated, 66 Lemon-browed, 574 Green-winged,73 Lemon-spectacled,574 Laysan,69 Lesser Antillean, 588 rectus, Notharchus, 325 Masked, 588 teleschowi,Erernophila, 454 Olive, 573 Telespiza,671,672, 673 Palm, 582 Telespyza,671 Palm, see Palm-Tanager Telrnatodytes,482 Passerini's, 580 temminckii, Calidris, 169 Pirre, 589 Ternnotrogon,314 Plain-colored, 586 Temnurus, 314 Puerto Rican, 570 ternnurus, Priotelus, 314 Red, 578 temporalis,Anabacerthia, 351 Red-headed, 580 tenuirostris, Anous, 207 Red-hooded, 697 Calidris, 166 Rose-throated,577 Numenius, 161 Rufous-winged,588 Puffinus,20 Sayaca,582 Railus, 132 Scarlet, 578, 579 tephrocotis,Leucosticte, 659, 660 Scarlet-browed, 575 tephronotus,Turdus, 510 Shrike, see Shrike-Tanager Terenotriccus, 386 Silver-beaked, 580 Terenura, 366 Silver-throated, 587 Teretistris, 560 Spangle-cheeked,588 Tern, Aleutian, 202 Speckled, 587 Arctic, 200 Streak-backed, 579 Black, 205 Stripe-headed,581 Black-naped,693 Sulphur-rumped,575 Bridled, 203 Summer, 578 Cabot's, 199 Swallow, 591 Caspian, 197 Tawny-crested,575 Cayenne, 199 Thrush, see Thrush-Tanager Common, 199 Tooth-billed, 578 Elegant, 198 Western, 579 Fairy, 207 White-lined, 576 Forster's, 201 White-shouldered, 575 Gray-backed,202 White-winged,579 Great Crested, 198 Yellow-backed, 571 Gull-billed, 196 Yellow-browed, 574 Inca, 206 Yellow-lored, 573 Large-billed,204 Yellow-rumped,581 Least, 201 Yellow-winged, 582 Little, 201 Tanagra, 583, 584 Marsh, 205 Tangara, 586, 589 Noddy, 206 Tangavius,648 Roseate, 199 tanneri, Troglodytes,481 Royal, 197 Tapaculo,Chiriqui, 372 Sandwich, 198, 199 Choco, 372 Snowy-crowned,693 Silvery-fronted,372 Sooty,203 Tacarcuna, 372 Trudeau's, 693 Tapera, 250 Whiskered, 205 tapera, Progne, 456 White, 207 Taraba, 361 (see also White-Tern) Tarsiger, 496 White-winged,204 tatei, Prernnoplex,349 White-wingedBlack, 205 Tattler,Gray-tailed, 157 Yellow-billed, 202 Polynesian,157 Ternlet, Gray, 207 Wandering, 156 terrisi, Rhynchopsitta,238 taverneri, Spizella, 611 Tersina, 591 INDEX 821

Tersinidae, 591 Forest, 512 tertius, Calyptophilus,572 Garden, 510 tethys,Oceanodroma, 25 Glossy-black, 509 Tetragonops, 328 Grand Cayman, 512 Tetraogallus, 115 Gray-cheeked, 504 Tetraonidae, 118 Gray's, 510 Tetraoninae, 118 Hauxwell's, 509 texensis, Myiozetetes, 408 Hawaiian, 501 thagus, Pelecanus, 31 Hermit, 505 Thalassarche, 10 La Selle, 512 Thalasseus, 196, 198 Lesser Antillean, 509 thalassina,Tachycineta, 458 Mountain, 509 thalassinus, Colibri, 287 Naked-eyed, 510 Thalobata, 23 Naumann's, 508 Thalurania, 294 Olive-backed, 505 Thamnistes, 363 Pale-vented, 509 Thamnomanes, 362 Red-legged,512 Thamnophilidae,361 Rufous-backed, 511 Thamnophilus,361 Russet-backed, 505 thayeri, Larus, 190, 191 Shama, 497 Theristicus, 50 Small Kauai, 502 Thick-knee,Double-striped, 141 Sooty, 508 thoracicus,Cyphorhinus, 486 Swainson's, 505 Dactylortyx, 128 Varied, 513 Thryothorus,476 WesternRed-legged, 512 Thorntail, Green, 291 White-chinned, 512 Thrasher, Bendire's, 519 White-eyed, 510 Brown, 518 White-necked, 510 California, 520 White-throated, 510 Cozumel, 519 Wood, 506 Crissal, 520 Yellow-eyed, 510 Curve-billed, 520 Thrush-Tanager,Rose-breasted, 573 Gray, 519 Rosy, 573 Le Conte's, 521 Thryomanes,479 Long-billed, 519 Thryorchilus, 484 Ocellated, 520 Thryospiza,616 Pearly-eyed,522 Thryothorus,475 Rosalia, 521 thula, Egretta, 41, 42 Sage, 517 Thyellodroma,18 San Lucas, 519 thyroideus,Sphyrapicus, 336 Scaly-breasted,522 Tiaris, 594 Socorro, 518 tibialis, Neochelidon, 459 White-breasted, 521 Pheucticus, 634 Thraupidae, 569 Pselliophorus,600 Thraupis, 581 Tiger-Bittern, 38 Threnetes, 282 Tiger-Heron, Banded, 38 ß Threskiornithes, 47 Bare-throated, 38 Threskiornithidae, 47 Fasciated, 38 Threskiornithinae, 47 Lineated, 38 Thripadectes,353 Rufescent, 38 Thrush, American Mountain, 509 tigrina, Dendroica, 541,702 American Bare-eyed,510 Tigrisoma, 38 Aztec, 513 Tigrisomatini, 38 Bare-eyed, 510 Tilmatura, 308 Bicknell's, 505 Timaliidae, 513 Black, 509 Tinamidae, 1 Chinese, 514 Tinamiformes, 1 Clay-colored,510 Tinamou, Boucard's, 2 Cocoa, 509 Choco, 2 Dagua, 510 Great, 1 Dusky, 507 Highland, 1 EasternRed-legged, 512 Little, 2 Eye-browed, 507 Rufescent, 2 Eyebrowed, 507 Slaty-breasted,2 822 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Thicket, 2 Rufous-sided, 606 Tinamus, 1 Socorro, 605 Tinnunculus, 107 Spotted,605 tinnunculus, Falco, 108, 109 White-throated, 606 Tit, Great, 696 townsendi, Dendroica, 543, 544, 545 Siberian, 465 Myadestes,499 Varied, 696 Thalurania, 294 Willow, 464 townsendii, Emberiza, 702 Titmouse, Black-crested, 467 Toxostoma, 518 Bridled, 466 traillii, Empidonax,394, 395 Juniper,466 transfasciatus,Dendrocolaptes, 358 Oak, 466 Tree-Duck, 55 Plain, 466 Tree-Pipit, Brown, 527 Tufted, 466 Hodgson's,527 Tityra, 416, 420 Indian, 527 Tityra, Black-crowned,420 Olive, 527 Masked, 420 Oriental, 527 tobaci, Amazilia, 695 Treehunter, Streak-breasted, 353 tocuyensis,Arremonops, 603 Treerunner, Beautiful, 350 Todidae, 319 Pearled, 350 Todirostrum, 383 Ruddy, 350 Todoidea, 319 Trembler, 523 Todus, 319 Brown, 522 todus, Todus, 320 Gray, 523 Tody, Broad-billed,319 triangularis, Xiphorhynchus,359, 360 Cuban, 319 tricarunculata, Procnias, 423 Hispaniolan,319 Trichas, 558 Jamaican, 320 trichas, Geothlypis,558, 559 Narrow-billed, 319 trichopsis,Otus, 255 Puerto Rican, 320 tricolor, Agelaius, 641 Tody-Flycatcher,Black-headed, 383 Ara, 237 Common, 383 Egretta, 43 Slate-headed, 383 Phalaropus, 179, 180 Yellow-browed, 383 tridactyla,Rissa, 194 Tolmarchus, 411,414 tridactylus,Picoides, 341 tolrniei, Oporornis,557 Tringa, 152, 156, 157, 158 Tolmomyias, 384 Tringini, 152 tombacea, Galbula, 327 Tripsurus, 332, 334 torda, Alca, 210 tristis, Acridotheres, 524 torquata, Ceryle, 323 Carduelis, 668 Myrmornis, 369 tristrami, Oceanodroma, 26 Saxicola, 498 tristriatus, Basileuterus, 566 torquatus,Buarremon, 602 trivialis, Anthus, 527 Myioborus,564 Trochilidae, 282 Phasianus, 118 Trochilinae, 284 Pteroglossus,329, 330 torqueola,Sporophila, 592 trochilirostris,Campylorhamphus, 360 Trochilus, 297 torquilla, Jynx, 331 Torreornis, 610 trochilus,Phylloscopus, 696 torridus, Selasphorus,313 Troglodytes,479, 480, 484 Totanus, 153 troglodytes,Estrilda, 681 totanus, Tringa, 154 Troglodytes,482 Toucan, Chestnut-mandibled, 331 Troglodytidae,471 Choco, 695 Trogon, 314 Keel-billed, 330 Trogon,Baird's, 315 Yellow-breasted, 331 Bar-tailed, 316 Toucanet, Emerald, 329 Black-headed, 315 Yellow-eared, 330 Black-tailed, 317 Touit, 240 Black-throated, 317 Towhee, Abert's, 606 Chapman's,317 California, 606 Citreoline, 315 Canyon,606 Collared, 316 Collared, 605 Coppery-tailed,316 Eastern, 605 Cuban, 314 Green-tailed, 604 Eared, 318 INDEX 823

Elegant, 316 Paltry, 380 Gartered, 316 Rough-legged,379 Graceful, 317 Rufous-browed, 379 Hispaniolan, 314 Sooty-headed,380 Large-tailed, 317 Torrent, 378 Lattice-tailed, 317 Venezuelan, 380 Massena, 317 White-fronted, 380 Mexican, 316 Yellow, 375 Mountain, 316 Yellow-bellied, 373 Orange-bellied,317 Yellow-crowned, 375 Slaty-tailed, 317 Yellow-green,379 Violaceous, 315 Tyrannulus, 375 White-tailed, 315 tyrannulus, Myiarchus, 405, 406 Trogonidae,314 Tyrannus, 411 Trogoniformes,314 tyrannus,Muscivora, 415 Trogoninae,314 Spizaetus, 104 Trogonurus,315 Tyrannus, 413 tropica, Fregetta, 687 Tyrant, Cattle, 401 Tropicbird,Red-billed, 27 Long-tailed, 401 Red-tailed, 27 Water, see Water-Tyrant White-tailed, 26 Tyto, 253 Yellow-billed, 27 Tytonidae,253 Troupial,652 tzacatl, Amazilia, 300, 700 trudeaui, Sterna, 693 Tryngites, 174 U tschutschensis,Motacilla, 525 tuberculifer, Myiarchus, 403 Ula-ai-hawane, 677 tucanus,Ramphastos, 331 ultima, Pterodroma, 13, 14, 686 tucumana, Amazona, 243 Telespiza, 671 Tufted-Flycatcher,Common, 390 ultramarina, Aphelocoma, 447 Olive, 390 ulula, Surnia, 258 umbellus, Bonasa, 118 Tuftedcheek,Buffy, 350 Pacific, 350 Umbrellabird, Amazonian, 422 Bare-necked, 422 Turdidae, 495 turdina, Dendrocincla, 355 Long-wattled,422 unalaschensis, Passerella, 620 turdinus, Campylorhynchus,471 uncinatus, Chondrohierax, 87 Schiffornis,416 Turdus, 506, 507 undulatus,Melopsittacus, 232 unicinctus, Parabuteo, 98 Turkey, Ocellated, 122 Wild, 122 unicolor,Aphelocoma, 447 Chamaepetes,113 Turnstone, 165 Myadestes,501 Black, 165 Sturnus, 523 Ruddy, 164 unirufus, Lipaugus, 417 Turtle-Dove, European,222 Upupa, 319 Oriental, 221 Upupidae, 319 Ringed, 221 Upupiformes, 319 Rufous, 221 Uraeginthus, 680 turtur, Streptopelia,222 urbica, Delichon, 463 Twistwing, Brownish, 384 Uria, 209 Tympanuchus,121 urile, Phalacrocorax, 33, 34 typica, Deconychura,356 urochrysia,Chalybura, 303 Tyranni, 347 urophasianus,Centrocercus, 119 Tyrannidae, 373 Uropsila, 484 tyrannina, Cercomacra, 366 uropygialis, Cacicus, 656 Tyranninae,402 Melanerpes, 335, 336 Tyranniscus,379, 380 Urubitinga, 97 Tyrannoidea,373 urubitinga, Buteogallus,98 Tyrannula, 387 Urubitornis, 99 Tyrannulet,Beardless, see Beardless- ustulatus, Catharus, 505 Tyrannulet Brown-capped,373 V Crested, 380 Mistletoe, 380 v-nigrum, Somateria, 78 Mouse-colored, 374 validus, Myiarchus, 406 824 CHECK-LISTOF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Pachyramphus,419 violajugulum, Trochilus, 701 valisineria, Aythya, 74, 75 Violet-ear, Brown, 286 Vanellinae, 142 Green, 287 Vanellus, 142 Mountain, 287 vanellus, Vanellus, 142 violiceps,Amazilia, 300, 301,701 vanikorensis, Aerodramus, 280 Goldmania, 296 varia, Mniotilta, 551 virens, Contopus,392 Strix, 263 Dendroica, 543, 544 variabilis, Emberiza, 629 Hemignathus,673, 674 variegata, Sula, 29 lcteria, 567 variegaticeps,Anabacerthia, 351 Thraupis, 582 varius, Empidonomus,411 virenticeps, Buarremon, 602 Parus, 696 Cyclarhis, 441 Sphyrapicus,337, 338 Vireo, 430 vauxi, Chaetura, 277, 278 Vireo, Belize, 439 Veery, 503 Bell's, 432 velox, Geococcyx,251 Black-capped,432 velutina, Pipra, 426 Black-whiskered, 438 venezuelana, Terenura, 366 Blue Mountain, 433 Veniliornis, 341 Blue-headed, 435 ventralis, Amazona, 242 Brown-capped,436 venusta, Dacnis, 589 Carmiol's, 435 venustus, Granatellus, 568 Cassin's, 434 veraepacis, Schiffornis,416 Chivi, 438 veraguensis,Anthracothorax, 287, 288 Cozumel, 431 Geotrygon, 229 Cuban, 432 Verdin, 467 Dwarf, 433 veredus, Charadrius, 149, 692 Flat-billed, 432 vermiculatus, Otus, 256 Golden, 436 Vermivora, 532, 537, 538, 539 Gray, 433 vermivorus, Helmitheros, 553 Hutton's, 435 verreauxi, Leptotila, 227 Jamaican, 431 versicolor, Amazona, 245 JamaicanWhite-eyed, 431 Ergaticus, 563 Mangrove, 431 Geotrygon, 231 Maya, 431 Pachyramphus,418 Old Providence, 431 Passerina, 638 Philadelphia,437 Phasianus, 117 Plumbeous, 434 Quiscalus, 647 Puerto Rican, 432 versicolurus,Brotogeris, 240, 694 Red-eyed,437 verticalis, Amazilia, 301 Slaty, 430 Tyrannus, 413 Solitary, 434 vespertinus, Coccothraustes,670 St. Andrew, 431 Vestiaria, 677 Thick-billed, 431 Vetola, 162 Vera Paz, 701 vetula, Ortalis, 112, 113 Veracruz, 430 Saurothera, 249 Warbling, 436 vicinior, Scytalopus,372 (see alsoWarbling-Vireo) Scytalopuspanamensis, 372 White-eyed, 430 Vireo, 433 Yellow-green,438 Vidua, 684 Yellow-throated, 433 viduata, Dendrocygna,55 Yellow-winged,435 Viduinae, 684 Yucatan, 439 vieilloti, Saurothera, 249 Vireolanius, 440 viguieri, Dacnis, 589 Vireonidae, 429 vilissimus, Zimmerius, 380 Vireosylva, 430 villosa, Sitta, 468 virescens, Butorides, 44, 45 villosus, Myiobius, 387 Empidonax, 394 Picoides, 339 Schiffornis,417 vinaceus, Otus, 254 virgata, Aphriza, 165 violacea, Geotrygon,231 Ciccaba, 262 Loxigilla, 596 virginiae, Vermivora, 536, 537 Nyctanassa, 46 virginianus, Bubo, 257 violaceus, Trogon, 315 Colinus, 125, 126 INDEX 825 viridanum, Todirostrum, 383 Blackburnian, 545 viridicata, Myiopagis, 376 Blackpoll, 549 viridifiavus,Hylophilus, 439 Blue Mountain, 702 viridifrons,Arnazilia, 301 Blue-winged, 533 viridigenalis,Amazona, 243 Brewster's, 702 viridigula, Anthracothorax,694 Buff-rumped,567 viridigularis, Gavia, 4 Bush, see Bush-Warbler viridipallens,Lampornis, 303 Cabanis's, 565 viridis, Anthracothorax, 288 Canada, 562 Cyclarhis, 441 Cape May, 541 Tersina, 591 Carbonated, 702 Trogon, 315 Cerulean, 550 viridissima, Tangara, 587 Chestnut-capped,566 viridiventris, Manacus, 424 Chestnut-sided, 540 Viridonia, 673, 674 Cincinnati, 702 vitellina, Dendroica, 548 Colima, 536 vitellinus, Cacicus, 657 Connecticut, 556 Manacus, 424 Crescent-chested, 537 Ramphastos,330 Dusky, 490 vittata, Amazona, 243 Elfin-woods, 551 vociferans,Tyrannus, 412 Fan-tailed, 565 vociferus,Caprimulgus, 272 Flame-throated, 537 Charadrius, 148 Golden, 539 Volatinia, 591 Golden-browed, 566 vulcani, Junco, 624, 626 Golden-cheeked, 543 vulgaris, Sturnus,523 Golden-crowned, 565 vulpina, Cranioleuca, 349 Golden-winged,534 Vulture, Black, 52 Grace's, 546 King, 53 Grasshopper,see Grasshopper-Warbler Lesser Yellow-headed, 52 Gray-breastedGround, 560 Turkey, 52 Green-tailed, 560 Green-tailed Ground, 560 W Hartlaub's, 538 wagleri, lcterus, 650 Hermit, 545 Ortalis, 112, 113 Hooded, 561 Psarocolius, 657 Kentucky, 556 wagneri, Amazilia, 301 Kirtland's, 547 Wagtail, African Pied, 526 Lanceolated, 489 Black-backed, 527 Lawrence's, 701 British Pied, 526 Lucy's, 537 Citrine, 525 MacGillivray's, 557 Gray, 526 Magnolia, 540 Japanese,526 Mangrove, 539 Masked, 526 Middendorff's, 489 Moroccan, 526 Mourning, 557 Pied, 526 Myrtle, 542 White, 526 Nashville, 535 White-browed, 526 Olive, 532 Yellow, 525 Olive-backed, 539 (see also Yellow-Wagtail) Olive-capped,547 Warbler, Adelaide's, 546 Orange-crowned,535 Arctic, 490 Oriente, 561 Arrowhead, 551 Pallas's, 489 Audubon's, 542 Palm, 548 Bachman's, 533 Parula, 538 Bay-breasted,549 Pileolated, 562 Bell's, 566 Pine, 547 Black-and-white, 551 Pink-headed, 563 Black-capped,562 Pirre, 566 Black-cheeked, 566 Pleske's, 489 Black-eared, 563 Plumbeous, 551 Black-throated Blue, 541 Prairie, 548 Black-throatedGray, 543 Prothonotary,553 Black-throated Green, 543 Red, 563 826 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Red-faced, 563 Whistling-Duck, Black-bellied, 55 Rufous-capped,565 Fulvous, 56 Salvin's, 566 West Indian, 55 Semper's,561 White-faced, 55 Small-headed, 702 White-eye, Chinese, 515 Socorro, 539 Japanese,515 Spot-breasted,538 White-Tern, Atlantic, 207 Stripe-crowned,565 Common, 207 Sutton's, 702 Little, 207 Swainson's, 554 Pacific, 207 Tennessee, 534 whiteheadi, Sitta, 469 Three-striped,566 whitneyi, Micrathene, 261 Townsend's, 544 Whydah, Pin-tailed, 684 Virginia's, 536 Wigeon, 67 Vitelline, 548 American, 67 Whistling, 551 Eurasian, 66 White-winged,568 European,67 White-winged Ground, 569 Willet, 156 Willow, 696 williarnsoni,Muscicapa, 495 (see also Willow-Warbler) Willow-Warbler, Arctic, 491 Wilson's, 562 wilsoni, Hemignathus,674, 675 Wood, 490 Wilsonia, 561 Worm-eating,553 wilsonia, Charadrius, 146 Yellow, 539 wilsonii, Chondrohierax, 88 Yellow-headed, 561 woahensis,Myadestes, 501 Yellow-rumped,542 wollweberi, Baeolophus,466, 467 Yellow-throated, 546 wolstenholrnei,Loxops, 677 Warbling-Vireo, Eastern,436 Wood-Owl, Mottled, 262 Western, 436 Wood-Partridge,Bearded, 123 warszewiczi, Dives, 644 Buffy-crowned, 124 Water-Tyrant,Black-backed, 401 Long-tailed, 123 Pied, 401 Wood-Pewee, Eastern, 392 Waterthrush, Louisiana, 555 Western, 391 Northern, 555 Wood-Quail, Black-breasted,127 Waxbill, 682 Black-eared, 127 Black-rumped,681 Marbled, 126 Common, 681 Spotted, 127 Lavender, 681 Tacarcuna, 127 Orange-cheeked,681 White-throated, 127 Red-eared, 681 Wood-Rail, Gray-necked,133 Red-tailed Lavender, 681 Rufous-necked, 133 Waxwing, 530 Wood-Wren, Black-capped,485 Bohemian, 530 Cherrie's, 485 Cedar, 530 Gray-breasted,485 Greater, 530 Sclater's, 485 Weaver, Black-headed, 680 White-breasted, 484 Hooded, 683 Woodcock, 178 Layard's, 680 American, 178 Mottled, 680 Eurasian, 178 Napoleon,680 European, 178 Village, 680 Woodcreeper,Barred, see Barred- wellsi, Leptotila, 228 Woodcreeper westlandica, Procellaria, 17 Black-banded, 357 Wheatear, 497 Black-striped,359 Black-throated, 497 Buff-throated, 358 Northern, 497 Cherrie's, 356 Whimbrel, 160 Cocoa, 358 Little, 159 Cordilleran, 358 Whinchat, 697 Cross-barred, 358 Whip-poor-will,272 d' Orbigny's,355 Eastern, 272 Grayish, 356 Puerto Rican, 272 Great-billed, 357 Ridgway's, 272 Ivory-billed, 358 Western, 272 Line-throated, 355 INDEX 827

Long-tailed, 356 Ivory-billed, 347 Montane, 360 Jamaican, 334 Olivaceous, 356 Ladder-backed, 339 Pacific, 356 Lewis's, 332 Pale-billed, 358 Lineated, 345 Plain-brown, 355 Northern Ivory-billed, 347 Plain-winged, 355 Northern Three-toed, 341 Reiser's, 356 Nuttall's, 339 Ruddy, 355 Pale-billed, 347 Spot-crowned,360 Pileated, 346 Spot-throated,359 Pucheran's, 334 Spotted, 359 Puerto Rican, 333 Straight-billed,358 Red-bellied, 336 Streak-headed, 359 Red-cockaded, 340 Stripe-throated,358 Red-crowned, 335 Strong-billed,357 Red-headed, 333 Tawny-winged,355 Red-rumped,342 Wedge-billed,356 Red-vented, 335 White-striped,359 Rufous-winged,342 Woodhaunter,Striped, 350 Smoky-brown,342 woodhouseii,Aphelocorna, 446 Splendid, 346 Woodnymph,Colombian, 294 Spot-breasted,343 Emerald-bellied, 294 Strickland's, 340 Green-crowned, 294 Stripe-cheeked,342 Mexican, 294 Three-toed, 341 Violet-crowned, 294 West Indian, 336 Woodpecker,Acorn, 333 West Indian Red-bellied, 336 Arctic, 341 White-headed, 340 Arctic Three-toed, 341 Yucatan, 335 Arizona, 340 Woodstar, Bahama, 307 Bahama, 336 Costa Rican, 307 Beautiful, 334 Gorgeted,695 Black-backed, 341 Magenta-throated,307 Black-backed Three-toed, 341 Purple-throated,307 Black-cheeked, 334 wortheni, Spizella, 612 Bronze-winged,343 Wren, 482 Brown-backed, 340 Apolinar's,483 Cayman, 336 Band-backed, 471 Chestnut, 701 Banded, 477 Chestnut-colored, 345 Bar-vented, 477 Cinnamon, 345 Bay, 476 Crimson-bellied, 346 Bewick's, 479 Crimson-crested, 346 Black-bellied, 475 Cuban Green, 338 Black-capped,476 Cuban Ivory-billed, 347 Black-throated, 475 Downy, 339 Boucard's, 473 Fernandina's, 345 Brown-throated, 481 Flint-billed, 347 Buff-breasted, 478 Gila, 335 Cabot's, 478 Golden-cheeked, 334 Cactus, 473 Golden-fronted, 335 (see also Cactus-Wren) Golden-green,343 Canebrake, 479 Golden-naped,333 Canyon, 474 Golden-olive, 343 Carolina, 478 Gray-breasted,334 Chiapas,472 Gray-crowned, 343 Clarion, 481 Great Red-bellied, 336 Cozumel, 481 Great Spotted,338 Crossin's, 475 Guadeloupe,333 Fasciated, 472 Hairy, 339 Fawn-breasted, 478 Hispaniolan, 334 Giant, 472 Hoffmann's, 335 Grass, see Grass-Wren Immaculate, 701 Gray, 478 Imperial, 347 Gray-barred,472 828 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

Happy, 478 xantholora, Arnazona, 242 House, 480 xanthornus,Agelaius, 641 (see also House-Wren) xanthophrys,Pseudonestor, 673 Irazfi, 484 xanthopterygius,Forpus, 239, 693 Marsh, 483 xanthopygius,Heterospingus, 575 (see also Marsh-Wren) Xanthoura, 443 Merida, 483 xantusi, Otus kennicottii, 255 Mountain, 481 xantusii, Hylocharis, 296 Musician, 486 Xerna, 194 Nava's, 475 Xenerpestes,349 Niceforo's, 477 Xenicopsis,351 Nightingale, 485 Xenicopsoides,351 (see also Nightingale-Wren) Xenoctistes, 351 Northern, 482 Xenoligea, 560, 568 Ochraceous, 481 Xenopicus,339 Pararno, 483 Xenopipo,423 Plain, 479 Xenops, 353 Riverside, 476 Xenops, Plain, 353 Rock, 473 Streaked, 353 Rufous-and-white, 477 Xenornis, 362 Rufous-backed, 472 Xenospiza, 619 Rufous-breasted, 476 Xenotriccus, 389 Rufous-browed, 481 Xenus, 158 Rufous-naped,472 Xiphidiopicus,338 Salvin's, 476 Xiphocolaptes,357 Santa Marta, 481 Xiphorhynchus,358 Scaly-breasted,485 Sclater's, 472 Y Sedge, 482 Sinaloa, 477 yarrelli, Motacilla, 526 Slender-billed, 475 yelkouan,Puffinus, 21 Socorro, 479 Yellow-Finch, Grassland, 598 Song, 486 Misto, 599 Sooty-headed,475 Montane, 599 Speckle-breasted,477 Northern, 599 Speckled,477 Yellow-Wagtail, Alaska, 525 Spot-breasted,477 Yellowhammer, 628 Spotted,472 Yellowlegs,Greater, 153 Stripe-backed,472 Lesser, 153 Stripe-breasted,476 Yellowthroat, Altamira, 559 Stripe-throated,476 Bahama, 559 Sumichrast's, 474 Belding's, 558 Superciliated,478 Black-lored, 560 Tepui, 481 Black-polled, 559 Timberline, 484 Chapala, 558 Whistling, 485 Chiriqui, 560 White-bellied, 484 Common, 558 White-headed, 471 Gray-crowned,560 Winter, 482 Hooded, 559 Yucatan, 473 Masked, 559 Zapata, 480 Olive-crowned, 559 Wrenthrush, 567 Peninsular, 559 Wrentit, 514 Yellow-crowned, 559 wrightii, Ernpidonax,396, 397 yncas, Cyanocorax,443 Wryneck, 331 yucatanensis,Arnazilia, 300 Eurasian, 331 Myiarchus, 403 wurnizusurne,Synthliborarnphus, 214 yucatanicus,Carnpylorhynchus, 473 wyvilliana,Anas, 69 Cyanocorax,444 Nyctiphrynus,270 X yunnanensis,Sitta, 469

Xanthocephalus,643 Z xanthocephalus,Xanthocephalus, 643 xanthogaster,Euphonia, 585 Zarhynchus,657 xanthogastra, Carduelis, 666 zarurnae,Tharnnophilus, 362 INDEX 829 zeledoni, Chlorospingus,571 Zimmerius, 380 Cochlearis, 47 zonaris, Streptoprocne,276 Phyllomyias, 380 zonatus,Campylorhynchus, 471,472 Thryothorus, 479 Zonotrichia, 622 Zeledonia, 567 Zoothera, 513 zena, Spindalis, 581 Zosteropidae,515 Zenaida, 223 Zosterops, 515 Zenaidura, 223