The loud and impressive White Bellbird, one of the many highlights on the Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 tour (Eduardo Patrial)

BRAZIL’S EASTERN AMAZONIA

8/16 – 26 AUGUST 2017

LEADER: EDUARDO PATRIAL

This second edition of Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia was absolutely a phenomenal trip with over five hundred species recorded (514). Some adjustments happily facilitated the logistics (internal flights) a bit and we also could explore some areas around Belem this time, providing some extra good birds to our list. Our time at Amazonia National Park was good and we managed to get most of the important targets, despite the quite low bird activity noticed along the trails when we were there. Carajas National Forest on the other hand was very busy and produced an overwhelming cast of fine birds (and a Giant Armadillo!). Caxias in the end came again as good as it gets, and this time with the novelty of visiting a new site, Campo Maior, a place that reminds the lowlands from Pantanal. On this amazing tour we had the chance to enjoy the special avifauna from two important interfluvium in the Brazilian Amazon, the Madeira – Tapajos and Xingu – Tocantins; and also the specialties from a poorly covered corner in the Northeast region at Maranhão and Piauí states. Check out below the highlights from this successful adventure: Horned Screamer, Masked Duck, Chestnut- headed and Buff-browed Chachalacas, White-crested Guan, Bare-faced Curassow, King Vulture, Black-and- white and Ornate Hawk-Eagles, White and White-browed Hawks, Rufous-sided and Russet-crowned Crakes, Dark-winged Trumpeter (ssp. dextralis), Long-tailed Ground Dove, Hoatzin, Pavonine Cuckoo, Silky- tailed and Blackish Nightjars, Streak-throated, Long-tailed and Cinnamon-throated (Maranhao) Hermits,

1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Crimson Topaz, Racket-tailed Coquette, Rufous-throated Sapphire, Blue-necked, Green-tailed, Paradise and Great Jacamars, Pied, Spotted, Collared, Eastern Striolated, Caatinga and Rufous-necked Puffbirds, Rusty- breasted and Rufous-capped Nunlets, the localized Brown-chested Barbet, Lettered, Red-necked and Black- necked Aracaris, Gould’s Toucanet, Bar-breasted and Spotted Piculets, White-throated, Yellow-throated, Golden-green, Waved, Chestnut, Ochre-backed, Cream-colored, Red-necked, Crimson-crested and Kaempfer’s Woodpeckers, Black and Red-throated Caracaras, Cryptic Forest Falcon, White-winged, Golden-winged and Yellow-chevroned Parakeets, the endemic Vulturine Parrot, Yellow-crowned, Orange- winged and Southern Mealy Amazons, Red-fan Parrot, Peach-fronted, Santarem and endemics Pearly and Jandaya Parakeets, Hyacinth, Scarlet, Red-and-green and Chestnut-fronted Macaws, the uncommon endemic Golden Parakeet, Ruddy, Chestnut-throated, Ochre-cheeked, Chotoy, Rusty-backed and Speckled Spinetails, Chestnut-crowned and the endemic Para Foliage-gleaners, Slender-billed Xenops, Long-billed, Cinnamon-throated, endemic Brigida’s, Strong-billed (ssp. carajaensis), rare endemic Moustached, Amazonian Barred (both subspecies concolor and retentus), endemic Hoffmann’s, Black-banded, Planalto, Elegant, endemic Spix’s, Buff-throated, Narrow-billed, Rondonia and endemic Layard’s Woodcreepers, Curve-billed and Red-billed Scythebills, endemic Glossy, Natterer’s Slaty, Planalto Slaty, Amazonian, Saturnine and Spot-winged Antshrikes, White-eyed, Ornate, Plain-throated, Amazonian Streaked, Long- winged, Ihering’s and Grey Antwrens, the uncommon Banded Antbird, Black-capped, rare endemic Pectoral, Rufous-winged, Dot-winged, Southern White-fringed and Rusty-backed Antwrens, Blackish and Manu Antbirds, endemics Spix’s Warbling and Rufous-faced Antbirds, the rare Wing-banded Antbird, the localized Harlequin Antbird, spot-backed and Xingu Scale-backed Antbirds, Black-spotted Bare-eye, Rufous-capped Antthrush, Variegated, Snethlage’s and Amazonian Antpittas, Chestnut-belted, endemics Black-bellied and Hooded Gnateaters, Rusty-belted Tapaculo, Wing-barred Piprites, Amazonian and Southern Scrub Flycatchers, Snethlage’s Tody-Tyrant, the new species ‘Maranhao-Piauí’ Pygmy Tyrant, the rare Black-and- white Tody-Flycatcher and Black-chested Tyrant, Zimmer’s Flatbill (ssp. sucunduri, proposed as new species), White-crested Spadebill, Blackish Pewee, Dusky-chested Flycatcher, Rufous and endemic Ash- throated Casiornis, Purple-breasted, Spangled and endemic White-tailed Cotingas, White and Bearded Bellbirds, Guianan Red Cotinga, Purple-throated Fruitcrow, Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin, Fiery-capped, Snow-capped, endemic Opal-crowned, Band-tailed and Red-headed Manakins, Sharpbill, White-browed Purpletuft, Pink-throated Becard, Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo, endemic White-napped Jay, White-banded and Black-collared Swallows, Coraya Wren, Eastern Slaty Thrush, Golden-sided Euphonia, Olive and Green Oropendolas, Screaming Cowbird, Campo Troupial, Pale Baywing, Red-cowled Cardinal, endemic Para Gnatcatcher, Black-faced, Red-billed Pied, Fulvous-crested, White-rumped, White-winged Shrike, Turquoise, Spotted, Bay-headed, Masked and Red (Lowland Hepatic) Tanagers, Coal-crested Finch, Grey Pileated Finch, Wing-barred, endemic White-throated and uncommon Blackish-blue Seedeaters, Rose-breasted Chat, Sooty Grassquit and Yellow-shouldered Grosbeaks.

This second edition of Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia started on August 8th with group arrival (for the pre-tour extension) at Hotel Vila Rica in Belem, the capital of Pará state. The birdwatching began in the afternoon right at the hotel grounds, with large groups of White-winged Parakeet feeding on palms in the garden, plus few other nice birds - Fork-tailed Palm Swift and Spotted Tody-Flycatcher - and some of the common species such as Black and Greater Yellow-headed Vultures, Yellow-headed Caracara, Great Kiskadee, Palm and Blue-grey Tanagers and Tropical Kingbird. Later we visited the small zoo-park Mangal das Garças near the old downtown by the large Guama River. Besides all the loose captive birds around there, we found Sulphury Flycatcher and our main target endemic species, Buff-browed Chachalaca. The chachalaca lives in a little corner of tall second growth just behind the park. After some play-back at least two birds provided long and decent views, indeed very cooperative. We also enjoyed a little the lookout by the river with some White-winged Swallows, Great Egret and more Palm Swifts. Back to Vila Rica Hotel, we had a nice meal in the evening and a good night of sleep.

August 9th. With our flight to Itaituba only in the afternoon, we had almost the whole morning to explore the surroundings of Belem. With a local help (ornithologist friend Sidnei Dantas) we visited the Gunma Ecological Park in Santa Barbara do Pará, a nice portion of forest only 45 km from the hotel. We had a good morning of birding, starting lucky with the sought-after Willis’s Antbird, a male Racket-tailed Coquette that appeared at the place, and a very obliging pair of Amazonian Scrub Flycatcher. Later at the path in the forest

2 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com we found Lettered, Black-necked and Red-necked (threatened ssp. bitorquatus) Aracaris, Paradise Jacamar, Green-backed Trogon, Golden-sided Euphonia, Southern White-fringed Antwren, Grey-chested Greenlet, Guianan Tyrannulet, Purple Honeycreeper, White-browed Purpletuft, Layard’s Woodcreeper and Black- spotted Bare-eye. We also glimpsed a pair of Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet passing over the clearing but unfortunately too fast. Forest edge on the way out still provided another sighting of Buff-browed Chachalaca and the lovely Slaty-headed Tody-Flycatcher. In the beginning of afternoon we had our flight to Itaituba with arrival around five pm. From Itaituba we drove south about an hour along the west bank of Tapajos to reach the nice front-river ground of Pousada Portal do Parque Nacional, just beside the Amazonia National Park. The climate conditions were very dry and the road very dusty. We got there just before dusk, in good time to check in. The homemade dinner was good and we could go early to bed.

Below some of the images taken in Belem and Gunma Ecological Park (Eduardo Patrial):

White-winged Parakeet Amazonian Scrub Flycatcher

The Brazilian endemic Buff-browed Chachalaca

August 10th was our first full day at Amazonia National Park (ANP). We had a very productive morning doing the nearby Tracoá Trail that margins the Igarapé (small river) Tracoá until its mouth on the large Tapajos, a nice trail of dense terra firme forest and also a stretch of igapó (floodable) when close to the Tapajos. We began the trail with splendid sightings of a Bar-breasted Piculet family and also the impressive Long-billed Woodcreeper. Deeper on the trail then we found the Brazilian endemic Glossy Antshrike, also a flock with Cinereous Antshrike, White-flanked and Grey Antwrens, Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner and Speckled Spinetail; later an Elegant Woodcreeper, White-browed Purpletuft, a couple of Amazonian Streaked Antwren, Chestnut-backed Antshrike, plenty of Black-fronted Nunbird, a pair of Band-tailed Antbird, the uncommon White-browed Hawk, a Brazilian Tinamou luckily on the trail, and few more species at the igapó stretch, including Cream-colored Woodpecker, Black-capped and Cinereous Becards, Forest Elaenia, Zimmer’s (Sucunduri) Flatbill, Olivaceous and Striped Woodcreepers and the beautiful Green-tailed Jacamar

3 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com (the last two on our way back). We also checked the bushy vegetation on the sandy Tapajos bank, where we got the smart Amazonian Tyrannulet and surprisingly a small group Giant Otters going down the river. On our walk back on the trail we had some small mixed flocks that provided good looks at Spot-winged Antshrike, better views of Speckled Spinetail, White-eyed and Dot-winged Antwrens and Saturnine Antshrike. Lunch was at the lodge with some Yellow-browed Sparrows in the garden, and some Yellow-billed and Large-billed Terns and White-banded and Black-collared Swallows flying over the Tapajos. In the afternoon we birded the Transamazonica Road that cuts the National Park, a stretch beyond the Uruá Base. There we saw Green-backed Trogon, the impressive Great Jacamar, the shy Brazilian endemic White- crested Guan, Scarlet Macaw, Santarem Parakeet, Rondonia Woodcreeper, Spix’s Warbling Antbird, a male Nattere’s Slaty Anthsrike, Great Antshrike, Plain-crowned Spinetail and some Olive Oropendolas. We finished the day spending some time at the beautiful viewpoint at Uruá Base where only large groups of White-eyed Parakeet and few Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift were spotted in the sky.

August 11th. We had a nice early start by the road in front of Açaizal trail close to the Uruá Base. Good views of pair of Spotted Puffbird, another responsive White-browed Hawk and Southern Tamandua crossing the road. Entering the trail we detected a couple of Brown-chested Barbet feeding at low canopy. We couldn’t ask for better views of this localized endemic. But after that the rest of the trail unfortunately showed itself very quiet that morning. Our expectation was high and we played tapes of several species, but few were seen. We found a Helmeted Pygmy Tyrant, a female Gould’s Toucanet, a shy Rufous-necked Puffbird that only offered a brief view, and a female Black-faced Antbird. We even did part of the trail again, mainly in search of ant swarms but the forest was just too quiet. In the afternoon we walked the trail (Twin Trees) in the Uruá Base and as expected, the bird activity continued slowly. Besides some Black-fronted and White- fronted Nunbirds, we luckily got a Rusty-breasted Nunlet that provided very decent views, but that was it. To finish the day we walked a little part of Açaizal trail again. After some play-back we got a response of the endemic Hoffmanns’s Woodcreeper but it didn’t come in. It was a quite slow day indeed.

August 12th. The morning of this day was spent at the famous Capelinha trail. Again there was a nice start at trail’s entrance, this time with great looks at the Brazilian endemic Hoffmanns’s Woodcreeper. At the beginning we also had a stunning male Snow-capped Manakin and nice looks at Red-throated Piping Guan. But activity dropped after that just like the day before. We heard good targets distantly (like Golden Parakeet and Vulturine and Red-fan Parrots), but in general forest was quiet and disappointing. We had a quite long walk and few more sightings on our way back, including a nice couple Ihering’s Antwren, Red-necked Woodpecker, Greyish Mourner and Fasciated Antshrike, but that was all. Happily after a not very good morning we had a much better session in the afternoon doing the Piçarreira trail. Still on the road, just before the trail, we had a gorgeous male White-tailed Cotinga at a usual stakeout. Later on the trail we spotted a juvenile Ornate Hawk-Eagle perched very low, an amazing sighting. And then a little further we finally found one of the most wanted birds at Amazonia NP, the extravagant endemic Harlequin Antbird. There was a pair and we had to work quite hard to achieve good views, there was no sign of ant swarm around. But in the end we all got fantastic looks at this stunning species. A little further it was already getting dark in the forest when we surprisingly heard a Pale-faced Bare-eye, another fascinating endemic ant swarm follower, and this one a very rare bird at ANP. Some play-back approached the bird a little but it was already too dark and bird unfortunately lost interest. A real pity, it is still a Birdquest life bird. More was heard at dusk but nothing else was spotted, end of the day.

August 13th. On our last full day at ANP we decided to repeat the Piçarreira trail in the morning, especially for being the trail where we recorded the specialist Antbirds (Harlequin and the Bare-eye). No signs of both unfortunately, but we had good quality on the trail on the other hand, with great views of the lovely Banded Antbird, the odd endemic Vulturine Parrot (a couple perched low in the forest) and the classic but uncommon Collared Puffbird. We finished the Piçarreira around nine thirty am and decided to give another chance to Capelinha until lunch time. There this time, besides the common roadside species, we managed to see Yellow-throated Woodpecker, another Ihering’s Antwren, Long-billed, Long-tailed and Wedge-billed Woodcreepers, Saturnine Antshrike, Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin, Plain-throated Antwren and a very fine Rusty- belted Tapaculo that behaved beautifully over a log. Outside the Capelinha trail we still spotted some White- thighed Swallows before heading for lunch. Break time at the lodge is always nice with some Yellow-billed

4 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Tern, White-banded and Black-collared Swallows, Yellow-browed Sparrow and this time a Long-billed Woodcreeper too. For the afternoon, basically our last birding session in the park, we decided to take a quite long drive to the Kilometre 115 on the Transamazonica road, a place in the continuous forest with a big marsh and some dead trees, known as roosting site of the Brazilian endemic Golden Parakeet. It was hot when we got there. At the marsh we spotted Horned Screamer, Rufescent Tiger Heron, Striated Heron and Wattled Jacana. The forest edge around provided some more birds including Black-crowned Tityra, Red- stained Woodpecker, Epaulet Oriole, Blackish Antbird (a couple), a distant couple Red-fan Parrot (scoped) and surprisingly a stunning male Crimson Topaz. We stayed there until the last ray of daylight and for our luck that worked. In the last minute we heard a flying group of Golden Parakeet coming toward us, a very exciting end of day experience. There were about eleven birds on the group and we gladly managed decent views of them in flight and perched on the dead trees, a real treat for our last day at ANP.

August 14th. We had a mid-morning flight back to Belem, so we just had a little time at the lodge before our departure from ANP. In the garden there was some Chestnut-bellied Seedeater, tame Long-billed Woodcreeper and some Short-tailed and Fork-tailed Palm Swifts. We still had a quick stop on the road by a narrow riverine forest which yielded great looks at Streak-throated Hermit and a nice Laughing Falcon. The experience this time at ANP was certainly well-worth it but I guess we all were expecting a little more from it. After our flight departing from Itaituba we reached Hotel Vila Rica in Belem after lunch. Welcomed by White- winged Parakeets, we decided for having an afternoon off at the hotel and get fully recovered for a next morning of birding in Belem.

The beauty of Tapajos, the wilderness of Amazonia National Park and the exclusive Amazonian endemics definitely put this place as a fantastic birding destination. Below some of images taken there (Eduardo Patrial):

Glossy Antshrike Green-tailed Jacamar

Brown-chested Barbet Spotted Puffbird

5 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com

The sighting of odd-looking endemic Vulturine Parrot was for sure one of the best moments at Amazonia National Park

Collared Puffbird Long-billed Woodcreeper

Crimson Topaz View of Tapajos from the Uruá Base at ANP

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Two pretty cool species of poison dart frogs at Amazonia National Park were highlights too - Allobates femoralis or Ameerega hahleni on the left and Ameerega trivittata on the right

August 15th. On this day we had a full morning of birding in Belem. With our friend Sidnei we visited two different sites, first a place at Acará called Menino Jesus community, a nice area of forest near the Acará River; then later in the morning we spent few hour at Gunma Ecological Park again. In summary the early session at Acará was responsible for simply breath-taking views of perhaps the best Amazonian Tyrannidae, the smart Black-chested Tyrant. The cast at Acará that morning included Grey-headed Tanager, Willis’s Antbird, Layard’s Woodcreeper, Lettered and Black-necked Aracaris, Black-throated Mango, Long-billed Starthroat, Blue-headed Parrot and Purple-throated Fruitcrow. Late morning at Gunma the activity had dropped considerably but we had fun at fruiting tree with Black-faced and Blue Dacnis, Purple Honeycreeper, Fulvous-crested and Bay-headed Tanagers, Red-necked Aracari (ssp. bitorquatus) and Green-backed Trogon. White-winged Becard and more Purple-throated Fruitcrow were seen around too. With some persistence we found the endemic Opal-crowned Manakin to finish our morning, which only provided a very brief look. Lunch was entering Belem and we also had some time to pack and shower before our afternoon flight to Carajás. Arrival at Carajás was in the late afternoon. From the airport of Carajás National Forest, where we saw some Bare-faced Curassow in the garden, we drove about half an hour to our stay at the town of Parauapebas, the comfortable Hotel Vales dos Carajás.

The star of our morning near Belem, the amazing Black-chested Tyrant

August 16th was the first of six full days covering the impressive Carajás National Forest at Serra dos Carajás in eastern Pará (Xingu – Tocantins interfluvium). We started our birding activity there doing in the morning the good terra firme forest trail called Lagoa da Mata, located on the hilltop plateau. We had a productive time, starting with Bare-faced Curassow, Santarem Parakeet and Guianan Tyrannulet at trail’s entrance. Few steps in the still dark and dense tall forest we managed nice looks at stunning male Chestnut- belted Gnateater. Next there was a mixed flock that we could spot some of the present species such as Grey and Long-winged Antwrens, Spix’s and Layard’s Woodcreepers, Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner, Cinereous Antshrike, White-winged Shrike-Tanager and Slate-colored Grosbeak. Continuing the trail it was time to work on the stunning Black-bellied Gnateater, but very shy we only got brief views of a gorgeous adult male. Not

7 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com far ahead, near the seasonal lake we came across with another mixed flock. This time we saw Pink-throated Becard, Rufous-winged Antwren, Violaceous Euphonia, female Guira Tanager, Silver-beaked Tanaget, Black-eared Fairy, Versicolored Emerald, Fork-tailed Woodnymph, Rusty-margined Flycatcher and a lovely male Fiery-capped Manakin, to mention most of what we saw in the flock. The lake was just a bit of water surrounded by tall grasses, where from a boardwalk we spotted Least Grebe and also two Russet-crowned Crakes that offered perfect views through the scope. Back to the tall forest, the last stretch done before lunch provided two mega target species, first the endemic Brigida’s Woodcreeper, a pair, and later the peculiar sought-after and uncommon Wing-banded Antbird, a male which provided simply outstanding looks. Lunch was at Carajás neighbourhood in the National Forest. Pale-rumped and Short-tailed Swifts, Swallow-tailed and Plumbeous Kites were spotted there. In the beginning of afternoon we decided to walk part of Lagoa da Mata again, yielding us much better views of males Black-bellied and Chestnut-belted Gnateaters and also the lovely Blue-necked Jacamar (B-cheeked J). For the rest of afternoon we went down the hills to the Parauapebas River track very close to the town. And it wasn’t bad at all; there we had Glossy Antshrike, Yellow-crowned Amazon, the striking Red-fan Parrot, Crested Oropendola, Red-and-green Macaw, Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper (Xingu W – ssp. retentus) and simply amazing views of the Brazilian endemic Snethlage’s Antpitta (recent split from Spotted Antpitta) finishing our day.

August 17th. On this day we did the very good lowland bamboo forest at Pojuca area, about an hour and a quarter of drive from our hotel. At the narrow track (known as Grota Funda) in the forest we began watching a Grey Antwren, Blue-headed Parrot and Santarem Parakeet before we got to the bamboo clumps. We heard the rarities Peruvian Recurvebill and Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher, but they didn’t cooperate in showing up. Further the track produced nice looks at a nesting Blackish Nightjar, Snethlage’s Tody-Tyrant, the endemic Para Foliage-gleaner, the uncommon bamboo specialist Chestnut-throated Spinetail, for our first time at Carajás, the coveted and stunning endemic Kaempfer’s Woodpecker (last year only seen at Caxias in Maranhão state) and a cooperative amazing Amazonian Antpitta which provided eye-level views. Lunch was a sandwich at site on the bank of Itacaiunas River, a nice place to catch up some other cool birds while having our meal. There we enjoyed fantastic views of a pair Manu Antbird, also the endemic Ash- throated Casiornis, Slaty-headed Tody-Flycatcher, Glossy Antshrike, nice male White-browed Antbird, female Blackish Antbird and some Golden-bellied Euphonia (White-lored E). In the afternoon we took a dirt road uphill called the ‘cut seven’ where a brief roadside stop yielded two Yellow-shouldered Grosbeaks up in the canopy. Further up we visited the amazing stakeout perch of White Bellbird (ssp. wallacei). A male was right at the spot, what a bird and what a fantastic call. We stayed at least half an hour watching this fascinating species. A short walk later at this place offered some other nice birds like Waved Woodpecker, a female White-tailed Cotinga, Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo, Rufous-browed Peppershrike and Spotted Tanager. The rest of day was roadside birded along the good stretch of forest between the two ‘Canga’ outcrops N1 and N2 on the Carajás plateau. There we saw a passing flock with Spotted, Guira, White-shouldered and Flame-crested Tanagers and White-winged Becard. Further we spotted a Red-throated Piping Guan, Slate- colored Grosbeak and to finish brilliantly the day, a male Purple-breasted Cotinga.

August 18th. We spent the whole day at the lovely Aguas Claras road deep in the National Forest. We got to the spot we wanted in good time and first thing we did was working on the stunning and not common Guianan Red Cotinga at its known territory. We rapidly got a response, but to get a view it wasn’t that easy. Only after we step in the forest to the right place is that the male showed itself nicely for us in the sub- canopy. What a cracking bird! After getting a decent view we worked on a pair Rufous-faced Antbird that was calling at the same place. They behaved very well offering superb close views through the forest undergrowth. Then later we walked the nice trail that follows up the Aguas Claras stream to a small waterfall. There were loads of Red-rumped and Yellow-rumped Caciques by the trail’s entrance. On the trail we start with a very obliging Plain-throated Antwren and a Para Foliage-gleaner, followed by a Variegated Antpitta feeding right in the middle of the path, an unbelievable sighting. We also saw a Bare-faced Curassow and a Black-banded Woodcreeper that showed up nice and close. But the unreal was just about to happen when a Giant Armadillo simply appeared in the middle of the path coming towards us, a real shocking moment. We just couldn’t believe what we were watching so close, certainly the hardest thing we saw in the whole tour, wow!! After that we still had on the trail a nice male Spot-backed Antbird and a Buff-rumped Warbler by the stream. Finishing the trail we took the main road to spend a few time before we go for lunch. There we just

8 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com made sure we checked the famous Harpy Eagle nest, unfortunately not active this time. Few more birds were spotted around, such as Slate-colored Grosbeak, Red-eyed Vireo, Spotted Tanager, Ochre-bellied Flycatcher and Violaceous, Rufous-bellied and White-vented Euphonias. On our way to lunch we still had a quick stop where we managed to find a pair Dusky-chested Flycatcher and a White-browed Purpletuft. Lunch was at the Carajas neighbourhood. Back to Aguas Claras in the afternoon, we concentrated our efforts with stops along the main road. We saw Snethlage’s Tody-Tyrant, Natterer’s Slaty Antshrike, Grey Antbird, Magpie Tanager, Yellow-bellied Seedeater, Buff-throated Woodcreeper, Flame-crested and Guira Tanagers, both Caciques again, luckily a couple of Hyacinth Macaw nicely perched, a soaring Black-and-white Hawk- Eagle, more Spotted Tanager, White-lined Tanager, Pink-throated Becard, Fork-tailed Woodnymph, Long- billed Starthroat, Red-and-green Macaw and a Dusky Leaftosser just before dusk. We stayed at Aguas Claras until gets dark to try the uncommon Silky-tailed Nightjar at its usual place. The bird was there but this time it only provided some flight views. Mottled Owl called as well but it never came to play-back tapes. It was a long but excellent day.

August 19th was a less tiring day. We visited in the morning the close Parauapebas River track near the town. The bird activity wasn’t that high but we track actually provided a very pleasant morning of birding with good target species. There we got the endemics Glossy Antshrike and Spix’s Woodcreeper again, a very brief sighting of the rare endemic Pearly Parakeet, lovely Eastern Striolated Puffbird and Gould’s Toucanet, amazing view of Cryptic Forest Falcon (at last!), Strong-billed Woodcreeper (the uncommon Carajas Woodcreeper ssp. carajaensis), Red-necked Woodpecker, a female Xingu Scale-backed Antbird, a surprising Slender-billed Kite at the river bank, some White-banded Swallows, White-throated and Channel- billed Toucans, Grey-crowned Flatbill, Lettered Aracari, Grey, Long-winged and Ornate Antwrens, Layard’s Woodcreeper, Plain-winged and Cinereous Antshrikes and Plain Xenops. After a relaxed midday at the hotel, we went uphill about three thirty pm to walk part of Lagoa da Mata trail again. The forest was really quiet and we only heard few times a quite close Slaty-backed Forest Falcon which didn’t cooperate. Later we visited some second growth by a warehouse area near the iron mines, a good stakeout for the endemic (recent split) Chestnut-headed Chachalaca. As usual responsive but shy we got decent views of two just before the sunset. At the same place we saw plenty of Scaled Pigeons, White-tipped Dove, Ruddy Ground Doves, a Greyish Saltator, Yellow-bellied and Chestnut-bellied Seedeaters and a Greater Ani to finish the day.

August 20th. On this day we repeated in the morning the always good Pojuca area. First in the dense bamboo clumps at Grota Funda, where this time produced lovely views of Plain-throated Antwren, the shy Curve-billed Scythebill (ssp. multostriatus), Scarlet and Chestnut-fronted Macaws, the usually tough Pavonine Cuckoo, White-backed Fire-eye, Chestnut-throated Spinetail and Blackish Nightjar again, Rufous- breasted Hermit, the smart and uncommon Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher and a Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner. We had Peruvian Recurvebill calling very close again, but extremely shy not even its own calls recorded were able to bring it in. From Grota Funda we went to the parallel and original road of Pojuca, where we spent the rest of morning with a good walk. There we added at least two good ones to our list: Ruddy Spinetail and Rufous-capped Nunlet (the last after a long search). Some other birds spotted include Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper, White-throated Woodpecker, Forest Elaenia, Plain-winged Antshrike, White-flanked Antwren and Long-tailed Hermit. Lunch was by the Itacaiunas River like the other day, accompanied by the usual suspects at the place – Swallow-winged Puffbirds, Glossy Antshrike, Manu Antbird – plus some Greater Ani, females Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch and also a male Wing-barred Seedeater that was spotted only by one of us. In the afternoon we covered the nearby hills at the ‘cut seven’ for a little while. Not the best time of day and we only spotted few things like Guira, Flame-crested and White-shouldered Tanagers, Grey Antbird and a distant White-browed Purpletuft. From there we took the National Forest’s gate near Pojuca and did some birding outside at a few marshes and second growth along the paved road until the sunset. It was fun and some amazing birds were spotted – a family of Horned Screamer; Rufous-tailed Jacamar, a nesting Black-necked Aracari, Yellow-tufted Woodpeckers, Social Flycatcher, Black Caracara, Chestnut-bellied Seedeater, Black-capped Donacobius, amazingly cooperatives four Rufous-sided Crakes, a nice group of the odd Hoatzin, Rufescent Tiger Heron, Limpkin and luckily to finish the day, a feeding group of the localised endemic Pearly Parakeet that provided long and very good scope views.

9 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com August 21st. The final full day at Carajás counted on a very enjoyable morning at Aguas Claras, with the birding mainly along the downhill part of the road overlooking the valley. The first treat was a roadside fruiting tree being visited by cotingas and tanagers, what a perfect option. We got simply splendid views of male and female Purple-breasted and Spangled Cotingas, plus Red-billed Pied, Guira and Spotted Tanagers. Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper (Xingu W) and Para Foliage-gleaner showed up too at the same spot. Continuing by foot down the road we found a discreet pair of Brazilian endemic Opal-crowned Manakin, the uncommon Blackish Pewee, White-throated Kingbird, Crowned Slaty Flycatcher and Green-backed Becard. Good Inga trees and some other flowering trees in the area provided few hummers – Long-billed Starthroat, Grey-breasted Sabrewing, Fork-tailed Woodnymph and Rufous-throated Sapphire. We were also lucky to spot a group of Dark-winged Trumpeter (ssp. dextralis) crossing the road ahead of us. With a little patience we could approach and finally enjoy an encounter with this singular species. We still had a little walk on the Aguas Claras trail before lunch, having seen a Short-tailed Pygmy Tyrant and stunning adult male Opal- crowned Manakin. In the afternoon we covered some second growth and forest edge inside the Carajas neighbourhood and later the entrance of Carajas airport, which together yielded a fun easy time with some cracking birds such as few males Wing-barred Seedeaters and tame White-crested Guans. Other species around were Rusty-margined Guan, Bare-faced Curassow, Blue-black Grassquit, Silver-beaked and Blue- grey Tanagers, Red-stained Woodpecker, Cliff Flycatcher, Rufous-collared Sparrow, few Red-rumped Agoutis and a close family of Red-handed Howler.

August 22nd. We had a whole morning of birding on this day. We finished our time at Carajas doing the unique ‘Canga’ habitat (metallophile savanna) on the hilltop (site known as Canga N2) and its good terra firme surrounding forest. The ‘Canga’ provided a nice mix of open country and dense forest edge species – Pale-breasted Spinetail, Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant, Ochre-lored Flatbill, the Brazilian endemics White- naped Jay and Jandaya Parakeet, Black-faced Tanager, Yellow-bellied, Lesser and Plain-crested Elaenias, Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin, a fast silhouette view of a Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet, Ochre-cheeked Spinetail and a beautiful male Blue-backed Manakin. Later at the tall forest we came across with a mixed flock containing at least Screaming Piha, White-winged Becard, White-winged Shrike-Tanager, Guira Tanager, Dusky-capped Greenlet, Layard’s Woodcreeper and Plain Xenops. A nice pair of White Hawk mating was also spotted when we went few steps in the forest. Lastly we saw a Snethlage’s Tody-Tyrant and luckily found a pair of the rare Brazilian endemic (recent split) Para Gnatcatcher which actually provided very good views. In the afternoon we said goodbye to fascinating Carajas National Forest with our flight from Carajas airport to Confins (Belo Horizonte) in Minas Gerais state this time, for an overnight and an early next day connecting flight to Teresina in the Northeast Brazil.

Carajas National Forest really proves to be a remarkable birding spot in the Brazilian Amazon, certainly one of the most interesting in the country. Bellow some images from Carajas (Eduardo Patrial):

White-crested Guan Bare-faced Curassow

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Wing-banded Antbird Chestnut-throated Spinetail

Red-fan Parrot Blackish Nightjar

White Bellbird

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Snethlage’s Antpitta White-browed Antbird

Hyacinth Macaw Pavonine Cuckoo

Ruddy Spinetail Rufous-capped Nunlet

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King Vulture Black-necked Aracari

Kaempfer’s Woodpecker Guianan Red Cotinga

Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher Purple-breasted Cotinga

August 23rd. It took a morning to get to Teresina in Piauí flying from Confins in Minas Gerais, not so bad. There we met our good local Thiago and after lunch in Teresina we crossed the Parnaíba River (also the state border) and took our way to Caxias, not far north in Maranhão state. We actually went straight for birding before the town near and at Redenção Farm, a good area of ‘Cerradão’ (tall Cerrado forest habitat) with bamboo that guards important regional endemics. It was hot but our starting session in the afternoon was pretty good with cracking sightings of Brazilian endemics Planalto Slaty Antshrike, Spotted Piculet, the local race of Cinnamon-throated Hermit (Maranhao H), a nice pair of the rare Pectoral Antwren, obliging Hooded Gnateaters (one of the most wanted there); plus Sooty Grassquit, Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin, Black-capped Antwren and Short-crested and Brown-crested Flycatchers. We also heard Kaempfer’s

13 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Woodpecker and Crescent-chested Puffbird (local ssp. minor) at Redenção, but they didn’t show up this time. Then we drove to Caxias and made our check in at Hotel Alecrim.

August 24th. We started the day in Caxias covering a nice open Cerrado habitat found on the way to Aldeia Alta, about twenty minutes of drive. This is the site where we saw the rare Moustached Woodcreeper last year, but despite all the effort we just couldn’t find it this time. However the place, usually good for several targets species, didn’t let us down at all. We had a nice early morning there with plenty of Coal-crested Finch, Narrow-billed Woodcreeper, Campo Flicker, Southern Scrub, Suiriri and Crowned Slaty Flycatchers, one White-rumped Tanager, White-naped Xenopsaris, a lovely couple of Red Tanager (Lowland Hepatic T), Grey Pileated Finch, the smart Caatinga Puffbird, Mouse-colored Tyrannulet, Plain-crested Elaenia and Burnished-buff Tanager. The area got already pretty warm by eight am so this time we decided to investigate a new area east of Teresina back in Piauí state, mainly in search of Moustached Woodcreeper. We went specifically around the little town called Campo Maior, arriving there precisely for lunch in a restaurant surrounded by a nice lake and marsh where undoubtedly we spent some time scanning. Some expected species were spotted such as Least and Pied-billed Grebes, Purple and Common Gallinules, Neotropic Cormorant, Striated Heron, Snail Kite, Masked and Black-backed Water Tyrants, White-headed Marsh Tyrant, Yellow-chinned Spinetail and surprisingly some females Masked Duck, always an uncommon bird to find. The surroundings of Campo Maior are characterized by vast areas of ‘carnaubal’, which usually means an interesting variation of semi-open habitat where the palm tree Carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera) predominates. The area reminds a lot the Pantanal lowland, interspacing bushy areas, gallery forests and native grasslands, gathering typical birds from the biomes Cerrado, Caatinga and Pantanal. Unfortunately the intensive search of Moustached Woodcreeper didn’t bring anything around here either, but as a new site we added several good birds to our list covering the respective habitats at a very nice area near the Surubim River for the rest of the day. The site provided typical Caatinga endemics Campo Troupial, Red-cowled Cardinal, Caatinga Cacholote, White-throated Seedeater and Pale Baywing; an impressive number of White- naped Xenopsaris; also Pale-legged and Band-tailed Horneros, Rusty-backed Spinetail, several Red-billed Scythebill, Narrow-billed Woodcreeper, Scaled Dove, Picui Ground Dove and an impressive number of quite uncommon Long-tailed Ground Dove, the amazing Chotoy Spinetail, Tawny-crowned Pygmy Tyrant, Blue- winged Parrotlet, Barred and Great Antshrikes, Savanna Hawk, Peach-fronted Parakeet, Grassland Sparrow, Rufous-tailed Jacamar, Swallow-tailed Hummingbird, Glittering-throated and Glittering-bellied Emeralds, the endemic Ash-throated Casiornis, Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant, Fuscous Flycatcher, Tropical Gnatcatcher, Hooded and Orange-headed Tanagers, Little and Crimson-crested Woodpeckers and Ferruginous Pygmy Owl. Certainly a place worth it to keep investigating in future trips.

August 25th. On this day we had an early morning at a nice protected gallery forest in Caxias. Our main goal was the fascinating male Bearded Bellbird, and our local friend Thiago was the one responsible for taking us to this very good stakeout. We waited few minutes for the bird to start its loud metallic calls. Definitely approaching after few calls, the impressive male suddenly perched on the expected dry canopy, simply a perfect view for our group. We saw it calling and shaking that weird beard, just a fantastic moment. Few other species were seen in the gallery forest, such as Grey-headed Kite, Blue-crowned Trogon and the endemics Ochre-backed Woodpecker and White-naped Jay. We heard Pheasant Cuckoo and worked on it for a while but it just didn’t cooperate. From there we spent the rest of morning at a private Cerrado forest (‘Cerradão’) near the town, a site where we got two of the still undescribed Myiornis ‘Maranhao-Piaui’ Pygmy Tyrant, and few other species including Black-tailed Myiobius, females Blue-backed and White-bearded Manakins, Grey-headed Tanager, Planalto Woodcreeper (ssp. intermedius) and a beautiful good-size Red- tailed Boa in a tree. In the afternoon in Caxias we visited two sites in a same area, first a little walk at an interesting arboreal Cerrado. It was very sunny and hot but we could attract some birds by mimicking the Pygmy Owl such as Forest Elanenia, Red-eyed Vireo, Mouse-colored Tyrannulet, Rufous Casiornis, Southern Scrub Flycatcher and a brief Southern White-fringed Antwren. Rest of daylight was spent by a close lake in a private land and birding was very relaxed. There we enjoyed another female Masked Duck, some Striated Herons, Horned Screamer, Band-tailed Hornero, Mask Water Tyrant, White-headed Marsh Tyrant, Social Flycatcher, Lesser Kiskadee, Yellow-chinned Spinetail, Giant Cowbird, Bare-faced Ibis, Snail Kite and Yellow-chevroned Parakeet. We waited and searched for the endemic Buff-browed Chachalaca, but unsuccessfully this time. At dusk we saw Least Nighthawk and Pauraque and Rufous Nightjar was heard.

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August 26th was our final day on this extremely productive tour. We had a very happy end with the intensively sought Moustached Woodcreeper in the early morning at a ‘carnaubal’ forest near Caxias. One bird finally came wary in to play-back after so many attempts. We concluded the species was probably in breading period after having seen such a reluctant behaviour for a Woodcreeper. Later a bamboo site near Redenção Farm still provided the uncommon Blackish-blue Seedeater, a lovely male. We left Caxias by mid- morning toward Teresina once one in group had his connecting flight at noon. Leader and rest of group had their flights only in the late afternoon, so until there we were able to make a quick visit to a different area near Campo Maior again. The tour was pleasantly finished with a nice group of Screaming Cowbird, a beautiful pair of Rusty-backed Antwren and White-rumped Tanager.

The little visited Caxias and Campo Maior put a very nice array of quality birds to finish this successful second edition of Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia. Below some photos (Eduardo Patrial):

Hooded Gnateater Coal-crested Finch

Masked Duck – female White-naped Xenopsaris

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Long-tailed Ground Dove Ash-throated Casiornis

Red-billed Scythebill Chotoy Spinetail

‘Maranhao-Piaui’ Pygmy Tyrant Red-tailed Boa

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Bearded Bellbird (by tour participant Edwin Wilson)

‘Carnaubal’ near Caxias, home of Moustached Woodcreeper

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE TOUR

The species names and taxonomy used in the report mostly follows Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). IOC World Bird Names. This list is updated several times annually and is available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org.

Species which were heard but not seen are indicated by the symbol (H). Species which were not personally recorded by the leader are indicated by the symbol (NL).

17 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Species marked with the diamond symbol (◊) are either endemic to the country or local region or considered ‘special’ birds for some other reason (e.g. it is only seen on one or two Birdquest tours; it is difficult to see across all or most of its range; the local form is endemic or restricted-range and may in future be treated as a full species).

Grey Tinamou Tinamus tao Two flushed at Capelinha Trail, Amazonia NP. White-throated Tinamou Tinamus guttatus (H) Heard at Carajás NF. Cinereous Tinamou Crypturellus cinereus (H) Heard at Amazonia NP and at Carajas NF. Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. Brazilian Tinamou ◊ Crypturellus strigulosus A nice lucky view at Amazonia NP. Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus (H) Heard at Amazonia NP and at Carajas NF. Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris (H) Heard at Carajas and at Caxias. Horned Screamer Anhima cornuta Great views at Carajas NF, also seen at Caxias. Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata Seen at Amazonia NP. Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus Amazing views of females at Campo Maior and also one at Caxias. Chestnut-headed Chachalaca ◊ Ortalis ruficeps Nice views at Carajas NF. See note. Buff-browed Chachalaca ◊ Ortalis superciliaris Great views this at Mangal das Garças in Belem. Rusty-margined Guan Penelope superciliaris Seen at Carajas NF. White-crested Guan ◊ Penelope pileata Seen at Amazonia NP, better views at Carajas NF. Razor-billed Curassow ◊ Mitu tuberosum (H) Heard at Carajás NF. Bare-faced Curassow ◊ Crax fasciolata Several seen at Carajas NF, quite common. Marbled Wood Quail Odontophorus gujanensis (H) Heard at Amazonia NP and at Carajas NF. Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus Seen at Carajas NF. Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps Seen at Campo Maior, east of Teresina. Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus Seen at Caxias. Rufescent Tiger Heron Tigrisoma lineatum Spotted at Amazonia NP and at Carajás. Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax One in Belem.

Vulturine Parrot (Eduardo Patrial)

Striated Heron Butorides striata One at Amazonia NP; more at Campo Maior and Caxias. Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Noticed in open disturbed areas throughout the tour. See note. Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi Seen in Belem. Great Egret Ardea alba Some spotted throughout the tour. Snowy Egret Egretta thula Some at Belem and at Caxias. Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus At Belem, Amazonia NP and Caxias.

18 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Only seen in Belem. Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Noticed in Caxias. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus One seen at Caxias. Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus Common at Amazonia NP and Carajas NF. Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Huge numbers everywhere. King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa Amazing view at Carajas NF. Grey-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis Seen perched, gallery forest in Caxias. Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Lovely sightings at Carajas NF. Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus melanoleucus One soaring at Carajas NF. Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus A juvenile perched low in the forest at Amazonia NP. Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Seen at Amazonia NP and at Carajas NF. Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis Spotted near Amazonia NP and at Caxias. Slender-billed Kite Helicolestes hamatus A nice surprise at Parauapebas River trail, Carajás NF. Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis Seen near at Campo Maior near Teresina. Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris Common throughout the tour. White Hawk Pseudastur albicollis Nice views of a couple mating at Carajas NF. White-browed Hawk ◊ Leucopternis kuhli Two fantastic sightings this year at Amazonia NP. Grey-lined Hawk Buteo nitidus Seen near Belem and at Carajas NF. See note. Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata (H) Heard at Caxias. Russet-crowned Crake Laterallus viridis Great views at Carajas NF, heard at more places. Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius At least four birds seen at a marsh outside Carajas NF. Grey-breasted Crake Laterallus exilis (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. Ash-throated Crake Porzana albicollis (H) Heard at Carajas. Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinicus Plenty seen at Campo Maior near Teresina. Common Gallinule Gallinula galeata Seen at Campo Maior. Dark-winged Trumpeter ◊ (Brown-w T) Psophia viridis dextralis Decent views at Carajas NF. See note. Limpkin Aramus guarauna Seen at Carajas and at Campo Maior. Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Commonly seen in open areas. Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana Sparsely recorded on the tour. Black Skimmer Rynchops niger Seen at Rio Tapajos, Amazonia NP. Yellow-billed Tern Sternula superciliaris Same as above. Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex Same as above. Rock Dove Columba livia Noticed. Scaled Pigeon Patagioenas speciosa Close looks at Carajas NF. Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea Seen near Belem; heard at Amazonia NP. Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea Seen at Carajas NF. Scaled Dove Columbina squammata Quite common in Caxias; common at Campo Maior. Common Ground Dove Columbina passerina Frequently spotted on the tour. Ruddy Ground Dove Columbina talpacoti Same as above. Picui Ground Dove Columbina picui Seen at Campo Maior. Blue Ground Dove Claravis pretiosa (H) Only heard at Carajas. Long-tailed Ground Dove ◊ Uropelia campestris Amazingly abundant at Campo Maior, a nice one for this tour. Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Seen at most places. Grey-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla Seen at Carajas, but heard at several places. Hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin Great views at Carajas NF. Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Not many recorded, seen in Belem. Greater Ani Crotophaga major At Amazonia NP and at Carajas NF. Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Commonly recorded throughout the tour. Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia (H) Heard at few places. Pheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus (H) A ghost closely heard in Caxias. Pavonine Cuckoo Dromococcyx pavoninus Breath-taking views at Carajás NF. Little Cuckoo Coccycua minuta (H) Heard near Amazonia NP. Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Quite common in forested areas.

19 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Black-bellied Cuckoo Piaya melanogaster (H) Heard at Carajás NF. Tropical Screech Owl Megascops choliba (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. Mottled Owl Strix virgata (H) Heard at Carajás NF. Amazonian Pygmy Owl ◊ Glaucidium hardyi (H) Heard at Carajás NF. Ferruginous Pygmy Owl Glaucidium brasilianum Seen at Campo Maior, Piauí. Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia Seen at Itaituba and at Campo Maior. Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. Least Nighthawk Chordeiles pusillus Seen at dusk in Caxias. Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus Seen at Carajas NF. Blackish Nightjar Nyctipolus nigrescens Great views in Carajás NF. Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Seen at Carajas NF. Rufous Nightjar Antrostomus rufus (H) Heard at Caxias. Silky-tailed Nightjar ◊ Antrostomus sericocaudatus Views in flight at Águas Claras, Carajas NF. Band-rumped Swift Chaetura spinicaudus Seen at Belem, Amazonia NP and Carajas. Pale-rumped Swift Chaetura egregia Seen at Carajas NF. Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura Common at Amazonia NP and Carajas NF. Neotropical Palm Swift Tachornis squamata Commonly recorded on the tour.

Brown-chested Barbet (Eduardo Patrial)

Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis Seen near Belem and at Amazonia NP. Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsutus Spotted at Carajas NF. Long-tailed Hermit Phaethornis superciliosus Good views at Carajas NF. Great-billed Hermit Phaethornis malaris Seen at Amazonia NP. Planalto Hermit ◊ Phaethornis pretrei (H) Heard at Campo Maior. Streak-throated Hermit Phaethornis rupurumii Amazing views outside Amazonia NP. Cinnamon-throated Hermit ◊ (Maranhao H) Phaethornis nattereri Seen well at Caxias. See note. Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber Several sightings on the tour. Grey-breasted Sabrewing Campylopterus largipennis At Belem, ANP and at Carajas. Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura Spotted at Campo Maior. White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora Seen near Belem (Gunma Reserve). Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Seen at near Belem (Acará). Crimson Topaz ◊ Topaza pella A gorgeous male spotted at Amazonia NP.

20 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Ruby-topaz Hummingbird Chrysolampis mosquitus (H) Heard at Caxias. Racket-tailed Coquette Discosura longicaudus A surprising male near Belem at Gunma Reserve. Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata Common in the Amazon forest. Rufous-throated Sapphire Hylocharis sapphirina Nice view at Carajas NF. Versicolored Emerald Amazilia versicolor Seen at Amazonia NP and at Carajas. Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata Seen at Campo Maior and at Caxias. Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx auritus Close views at Carajas NF. Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris Same as above. Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina A female spotted at Acará near Belem. Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus Seen at Carajas NF, heard at more places. Green-backed Trogon Trogon viridis Seen at Amazonia NP and at Carajas. See note. Amazonian Trogon Trogon ramonianus (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. See note. Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui Seen at Amazonia NP and at Caxias. Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus (H) Heard at Gunma Reserve and at Amazonia NP. Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona Few records along the tour. Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Same as above. Amazonian Motmot Momotus momota (H) Heard at Amazonia NP and at Carajas NF. See note. Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. Blue-necked Jacamar ◊ Galbula cyanicollis Great looks at Carajas NF. Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda Seen at Carajas NF and at Campo Maior. Green-tailed Jacamar Galbula galbula Lovely views at Tracoá Trail, ANP. Paradise Jacamar Galbula dea Seen well at Gunma Reserve near Belem. Great Jacamar Jacamerops aureus Good scope views at Amazonia NP. White-necked Puffbird Notharchus hyperrhynchus (H) Heard at ANP, Carajas and at Caxias. Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus Seen at Acará near Belem and also at Carajas. Chestnut-capped Puffbird Bucco macrodactylus (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. Spotted Puffbird Bucco tamatia Fantastic views at Amazonia NP. Collared Puffbird Bucco capensis Fantastic sighting at Amazonia NP. Eastern Striolated Puffbird ◊ (Natterer’s P) Nystalus striolatus torridus Nice views at Carajas. See note. Caatinga Puffbird ◊ Nystalus maculatus Seen at Caxias. Crescent-chested Puffbird ◊ Malacoptila striata minor (H) This time only heard at Caxias. Rufous-necked Puffbird ◊ Malacoptila rufa This year only one spotted at Amazonia NP. Rusty-breasted Nunlet Nonnula rubecula Great view at Amazonia NP. Rufous-capped Nunlet ◊ Nonnula ruficapilla Amazing sighting at Carajas NF. Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons Very common in forested areas. White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus Several at Amazonia NP and at Carajas NF. Swallow-winged Puffbird Chelidoptera tenebrosa Abundant in the Amazon. Brown-chested Barbet ◊ Capito brunneipectus A localized one at Amazonia NP, seen really well. Lettered Aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus At Gunma Reserve, Acarará and at Carajas. Red-necked Aracari ◊ Pteroglossus bitorquatus Great views at Gunma Reserve, ANP and at Acará. Black-necked Aracari Pteroglossus aracari Several spotted on the tour. Gould's Toucanet ◊ Selenidera gouldii Seen at Amazonia NP and at Carajas NF. Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus ariel Common in the Amazon forest. White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus cuvieri Same as above. See note. Bar-breasted Piculet Picumnus aurifrons Splendid views at ANP, also seen at Carajas. Spotted Piculet ◊ Picumnus pygmaeus Great looks in Caxias. Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus Noticed at ANP and at Carajas. Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Seen at Campo Maior. Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis Seen at ANP and at Carajas. White-throated Woodpecker Piculus leucolaemus Seen well at Carajas, mixed flocks. Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula Seen twice at Amazonia NP. Golden-green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochloros Seen at Carajas. Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris Seen at Caxias. Waved Woodpecker Celeus undatus Nice view at Carajas NF.

21 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Chestnut Woodpecker Celeus elegans Seen well at Carajas NF. Ochre-backed Woodpecker ◊ Celeus ochraceus Good looks at this endemic in Caxias. Cream-colored Woodpecker Celeus flavus Seen at Amazonia NP. Kaempfer's Woodpecker ◊ Celeus obrieni Seen this time at Carajas NF (nice surprise); also heard at Caxias. Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Seen at ANP and at Carajas. Red-necked Woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis Amazing views at ANP and at Carajas. Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos At Carajas and at Campo Maior. Black Caracara Daptrius ater Seen few times at Carajas. Red-throated Caracara Ibycter americanus A noisy group at Carajas NF. Southern Crested Caracara Caracara plancus Only few spotted in Caxias. See note. Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Seen in Belem, at Amazonia NP and at Caxias. Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans One seen perched at Amazonia NP. Barred Forest Falcon Micrastur ruficollis (H) Heard at Caxias. Cryptic Forest Falcon ◊ Micrastur mintoni This year only seen at Carajas NF. See note. Slaty-backed Forest Falcon Micrastur mirandollei (H) Heard at Carajas. Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis Seen at Amazonia NP. Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet ◊ Touit huetii Distant and quick flight view in Carajas NF. Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet ◊ Touit purpuratus A brief but low silhouette view at Gunma Reserve near Belem. White-winged Parakeet Brotogeris versicolurus Common in Belem; also seen at Gunma and Acará. Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Seen at Caxias. See note. Golden-winged Parakeet Brotogeris chrysoptera Nice views at ANP and at Carajas. Vulturine Parrot ◊ Pyrilia vulturina Amazing sighting at Amazonia NP. Dusky Parrot Pionus fuscus (H) Heard at Gunma Reserve near Belem.

Red-fan Parrot (Eduardo Patrial)

Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Common in the Amazon forest. Yellow-crowned Amazon Amazona ochrocephala Seen at Amazonia NP and at Carajas NF. Southern Mealy Amazon Amazona farinose (NL) Spotted at Amazonia NP (also heard there). Orange-winged Amazon Amazona amazonica Seen near Belem, at ANP and at Acará. Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius Seen at Campo Maior near Teresina. Red-fan Parrot Deroptyus accipitrinus Best views at Carajas NF.

22 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Santarem Parakeet Pyrrhura amazonum Quite common in Carajas NF, also seen at ANP. See note. Hyacinth Macaw ◊ Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Again a couple seen at Águas Claras, Carajas NF. Peach-fronted Parakeet Eupsittula aurea Some groups at Campo Maior and Caxias. Jandaya Parakeet ◊ Aratinga jandaya Beautiful views at Carajas NF. Scarlet Macaw Ara macao Few seen at Amazonia NP and fewer at Carajas. Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloropterus Quite common at Carajas. Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara severus Few seen at ANP and at Carajas. Golden Parakeet ◊ Guaruba guarouba A relieving group coming to roost in the last evening at Amazonia MN. Red-shouldered Macaw Diopsittaca nobilis (H) Heard in Caxias. White-eyed Parakeet Psittacara leucophthalmus Seen at ANP and at Carajas. Band-tailed Hornero ◊ Furnarius figulus Seen at Campo Maior and at Caxias. Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus Same as above. Chotoy Spinetail ◊ Schoeniophylax phryganophilus A very nice addition at Campo Maior. Ochre-cheeked Spinetail ◊ Synallaxis scutata Superb views at Carajas NF. Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis Seen at Campo Maior. Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens Seen at Carajas. Ruddy Spinetail Synallaxis rutilans Great views at Carajas NF. Chestnut-throated Spinetail ◊ Synallaxis cherriei Very obliging this time at Pojuca, Carajas NF. Plain-crowned Spinetail Synallaxis gujanensis Seen at Amazonia NP. Rusty-backed Spinetail Cranioleuca vulpina Great sightings in gallery forest at Campo Maior. Speckled Spinetail ◊ Cranioleuca gutturata Seen again at Tracoá Trail, Amazonia NP, a reliable spot. Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus Seen at Campo Maior and at Caxias. Caatinga Cacholote ◊ Pseudoseisura cristata A nice NE endemic at Campo Maior. Point-tailed Palmcreeper Berlepschia rikeri (H) Heard at Carajas. Peruvian Recurvebill ◊ Simoxenops ucayalae (H) A very shy bird at Carajas, unfortunately only heard. Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner Philydor ruficaudatum Seen in mixed flock at Tracoá trail, Amazonia NP. Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner Philydor erythrocercum Seen at Carajas. Para Foliage-gleaner ◊ Automolus paraensis Great sightings at Carajas NF. Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner Automolus rufipileatus A shy one, seen at Carajas NF, Pojuca area. Dusky Leaftosser Sclerurus obscurior Seen at Aguas Claras road at Carajas NF just before dusk. Slender-billed Xenops ◊ Xenops tenuirostris Good views at Amazonia NP. Plain Xenops Xenops minutus Seen at Carajas NF. Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans Seen at ANP. Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. White-chinned Woodcreeper ◊ Dendrocincla merula (H) Heard at Amazonia NP. Long-tailed Woodcreeper Deconychura longicauda One spotted at Amazonia NP. Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus Seen at ANP. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus Seen at ANP and at Belem. Long-billed Woodcreeper Nasica longirostris Amazing sightings at Amazonia NP, including at the lodge. Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper Dendrexetastes rufigula Seen well at Carajas NF. Brigida's Woodcreeper ◊ Hylexetastes brigidai Great views of a pair at Carajas NF. Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus The ◊ ssp. carajaensis at Carajás NF. Moustached Woodcreeper ◊ Xiphocolaptes falcirostris Seen in the last morning at Caxias. Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor Seen twice at ANP. Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper ◊ (Xingu W) Dendrocolaptes certhia retentus Great views at Carajas. See note. Hoffmanns's Woodcreeper ◊ Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi Responsive but shy, great views at ANP. Black-banded Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes picumnus Close looks at Aguas Claras, Carajas NF. Planalto Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris Seen in Caxias, mixed flock. Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus Seen at ANP and at Carajas. Striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus Seen at Amazonia NP. Elegant Woodcreeper ◊ Xiphorhynchus elegans Same as above. See note. Spix's Woodcreeper ◊ Xiphorhynchus spixii Nice views at Carajas NF. Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus Commonly heard. Seen at ANP, Carajas.. Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris Seen in Caxias and Campo Maior.

23 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Rondonia Woodcreeper ◊ Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus Few seen at Amazonia NP. See note. Layard’s Woodcreeper ◊ Lepidocolaptes layardi Plenty at Carajas NF. See note. Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris A nice addition at Campo Maior; amazing sightings. Curve-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus procurvoides A brief good sighting at Pojuca, Carajas NF. Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus Seen at Amazonia NP, also heard in Carajas. Great Antshrike Taraba major At Amazonia NP, Carajas and Campo Maior. Glossy Antshrike ◊ Sakesphorus luctuosus Good views at ANP and even better at Carajas NF. Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Seen at Campo Maior. Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus Seen at Amazonia NP. See note. White-shouldered Antshrike Thamnophilus aethiops One at Gunma Reserve near Belem. Plain-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus schistaceus At Carajas NF, also heard at ANP. Natterer's Slaty Antshrike ◊ Thamnophilus stictocephalus Good views at ANP and at Carajas. See note. Planalto Slaty Antshrike ◊ Thamnophilus pelzelni Seen well at Caxias. See note. Amazonian Antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus Seen at Gunma Reserve near Belem. Saturnine Antshrike ◊ Thamnomanes saturninus Several sightings at Amazonia NP. Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius Common in mixed flocks at ANP and at Carajas. Spot-winged Antshrike Pygiptila stellaris Seen at ANP. White-eyed Antwren Epinecrophylla leucophthalma At Amazonia NP. Ornate Antwren Epinecrophylla ornata At Carajas NF. Plain-throated Antwren Isleria hauxwelli Nice views at Carajas NF. Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyura (H) Heard at ANP and Carajas NF. Amazonian Streaked Antwren Myrmotherula multostriata Seen at Amazonia NP and Carajas.

Wing-banded Antbird (Eduardo Patrial)

Sclater's Antwren ◊ Myrmotherula sclateri (H) Only heard at Amazonia NP. White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris Sites near Belem and Carajas. Long-winged Antwren Myrmotherula longipennis At Carajas NF. Ihering's Antwren ◊ Myrmotherula iheringi Good views at Amazonia NP. Grey Antwren Myrmotherula menetriesii Several sightings at Carajas, also seen at ANP. Banded Antbird Dichrozona cincta Amazing views at Piçarreira trail, Amazonia NP. Black-capped Antwren Herpsilochmus atricapillus Seen in Caxias. Pectoral Antwren ◊ Herpsilochmus pectoralis Beautiful pair in Caxias, a rare endemic species. Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus Seen at Carajas NF.

24 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis Frequent in mixed flocks at ANP. Southern White-fringed Antwren Formicivora grisea Seen near Belem and later at Caxias. Grey Antbird Cercomacra cinerascens Spotted at Carajas. Willis’s Antbird ◊ Cercomacra laeta Very cooperative at Gunma Reserve and Acará near Belem. Blackish Antbird Cercomacra nigrescens Seen at Amazonia NP. Manu Antbird ◊ Cercomacra manu A special place by the Itacaiunas River, Carajas NF. White-backed Fire-Eye Pyriglena leuconota Seen at Carajas NF. White-browed Antbird Myrmoborus leucophrys Superb views at Carajas NF. Black-faced Antbird Myrmoborus myotherinus Seen at ANP. Spix's Warbling Antbird ◊ Hypocnemis striata Seen at ANP and at Carajas. See note. Band-tailed Antbird Hypocnemoides maculicauda At Tracoá Trail, Amazonia NP. Rufous-faced Antbird ◊ Schistocichla rufifacies A pair seen very well at Aguas Claras road, Carajas. See note. Wing-banded Antbird ◊ Myrmornis torquata Impressive views at Carajas NF. Harlequin Antbird ◊ Rhegmatorhina berlepschi Provided good views, but hard to find this time at ANP. Spot-backed Antbird Hylophylax naevius Great views at Aguas Claras road, Carajas NF. Xingu Scale-backed Antbird ◊ Willisornis vidua A female at Carajas NF. See note. Black-spotted Bare-Eye Phlegopsis nigromaculata Seen at Gunma Reserve and a brief sighting at Carajas. Pale-faced Bare-eye ◊ Phlegopsis borbae (H) Unfortunately only heard at ANP, Piçarreira trail. Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma Good view at Carajas NF Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis (H) Heard at ANP and at Carajas NF. Variegated Antpitta Grallaria varia Amazingly feeding on the trail at Aguas Claras, Carajas NF. Snethlage’s Antpitta ◊ Hylopezus paraensis Fantastic views at Carajas NF. See note. Amazonian Antpitta Hylopezus berlepschi Lovely views at Pojuca, Carajas NF. Chestnut-belted Gnateater ◊ Conopophaga aurita Amazing views at Carajas NF. Hooded Gnateater ◊ Conopophaga roberti A very cooperative one at Caxias. Black-bellied Gnateater ◊ Conopophaga melanogaster Shy but great views in the end at Carajas NF. Rusty-belted Tapaculo Liosceles thoracicus A very nice one at Capelinha trail, ANP. Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris Seen at Carajas NF. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus (H) Heard at ANP, Belem and at Carajas. Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii At ANP, Carajas and Caxias. Grey Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps (H) Heard at Carajas. Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Seen at several places on the tour. Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata Seen at Carajas and Caxias. Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis Seen at Carajas NF. White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme (H) Heard near Belem, ANP and at Carajas NF. Southern Beardless Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum Noticed at several places, seen in Belem and Caxias. Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri Seen at Campo Maior, east of Teresina. Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina Seen at Campo Maior and Caxias. Tawny-crowned Pygmy Tyrant Euscarthmus meloryhpus One at Campo Maior. Guianan Tyrannulet Zimmerius acer Great views at Gunma Reserve and at Carajas NF. See note. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus Seen at Carajas NF. Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus Seen at Caxias. Amazonian Scrub Flycatcher ◊ Sublegatus obscurior Incredible sighting at Gunma Reserve near Belem. Southern Scrub Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus Nice view at Caxias. See note. Amazonian Inezia Inezia subflava Good views at Amazonia NP. Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus (H) Heard at Carajas. Snethlage's Tody-Tyrant ◊ Hemitriccus minor Great views at Carajas NF. Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus striaticollis Great looks at Campo Maior. Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer Seen at Carajas and at Caxias. Short-tailed Pygmy Tyrant Myiornis ecaudatus Seen well at Carajas NF, heard elsewhere. ‘Maranhao-Piaui’ Pygmy Tyrant ◊ Myiornis sp. nov. Great views in deciduous forest in Caxias. See note. Helmeted Pygmy Tyrant Lophotriccus galeatus Seen at ANP and near Belem. Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher ◊ Poecilotriccus capitalis Fantastic views at Pojuca area, Carajas NF. Slaty-headed Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus sylvia First near Belem, latter at Carajas NF.

25 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Black-chested Tyrant ◊ Taeniotriccus andrei A fascinating tyrant! Seen really well this time at Acará near Belem. Spotted Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum maculatum Seen at hotel in Belem. Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum Seen at Campo Maior. Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum (H) Heard at ANP, Belem and Carajas. Yellow-olive Flatbill Tolmomyias sulphurescens (H) Heard at Carajas NF. Zimmer's Flatbill ◊ (Sucunduri F) Tolmomyias assimilis sucunduri Seen again at Tracoá Trail, ANP. See note. Grey-crowned Flatbill Tolmomyias poliocephalus Seen at Carajas. Ochre-lored Flatbill Tolmomyias flaviventris Seen at Carajas and at Campo Maior. White-crested Spadebill Platyrinchus platyrhynchos Nice views at ANP. Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea Seen at Carajas NF. Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri (H) Heard in Carajas. Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus Seen at Campo Maior. Blackish Pewee ◊ Contopus nigrescens Good scope views at Carajas NF. White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velatus Seen at Campo Maior. Black-backed Water Tyrant Fluvicola albiventer Seen at Caxias and Campo Maior. See note. Masked Water Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta Same as above. White-headed Marsh Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala Same as above. Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus (H) Only heard at Carajas NF. Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa Few at Caxias and Campo Maior. Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius Frequent along the tour. Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis Same as above. Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Seen at Carajas and Caxias. Dusky-chested Flycatcher Myiozetetes luteiventris Good views at Carajas NF. Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Common throughout the tour. Lesser Kiskadee Philohydor lictor Seen at Carajas NF and at Caxias. Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus At Carajas and Caxias. Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Seen at ANP. Sulphury Flycatcher Tyrannopsis sulphurea Seen in Belem and at ANP.

Black-chested Tyrant (Eduardo Patrial)

Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius Seen at Carajas NF.

26 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus Seen at Carajas NF and at Caxias. White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis Spotted at Carajas NF. Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Common on the tour. Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana Only spotted in Belem. Greyish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex At ANP and at Carajas. Rufous Casiornis Casiornis rufus Seen at Caxias. Ash-throated Casiornis ◊ Casiornis fuscus Seen at Carajas and at Campo Maior. Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer Seen at Carajas NF. Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Commonly recorded on the tour. Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus Seen at Caxias and Campo Maior. Rufous-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda (H) Heard at ANP and Carajas. Cinnamon Attila Attila cinnamomeus (H) Same as above. Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus Eye level views of two birds at Gunma Reserve near Belem. Guianan Red Cotinga ◊ Phoenicircus carnifex Amazing looks at Aguas Claras, Carajas NF. Purple-breasted Cotinga ◊ Cotinga cotinga Breath-taking views at Carajas NF, fruiting tree. Spangled Cotinga Cotinga cayana A nice male at the same tree at Carajas NF. White Bellbird ◊ Procnias albus wallacei Remarkable views at Carajas NF. Bearded Bellbird ◊ Procnias averano A spectacular male at stakeout at Caxias, gallery forest. Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans Plenty heard, few seen at Carajas NF. White-tailed Cotinga ◊ Xipholena lamellipennis Splendid sightings at ANP and at Carajas NF. Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus One at ANP. Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata Seen well at sites near Belem, also heard at Carajas. Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin Tyranneutes stolzmanni Seen at ANP, commonly heard in forest. Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin ◊ Neopelma pallescens Great views at Carajas and at Caxias. Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola Good looks at Carajas and at Caxias. Snow-capped Manakin ◊ Lepidothrix nattereri Great views at ANP. Opal-crowned Manakin ◊ Lepidothrix iris First at Gunma Reserve; better views later at Carajas NF. White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus A female at Caxias. Band-tailed Manakin Pipra fasciicauda (H) Heard at Carajas NF. Fiery-capped Manakin Machaeropterus pyrocephalus Seen at Lagoa da Mata trail, Carajas NF. Red-headed Manakin Dixiphia rubrocapilla Seen near Belem, at ANP and at Carajas. Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus Nice views at Carajas NF. Amazonian Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus Seen at Pojuca, Carajas NF. See note. Black-tailed Myiobius Myiobius atricaudus Seen at Caxias. Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus Seen at ANP. Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor Few at ANP. Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata Several at Carajas. Brown-winged Schiffornis Schiffornis turdina Seen at Carajas. Cinereous Mourner Laniocera hypopyrra One seen at ANP. White-browed Purpletuft Iodopleura isabellae Nice sightings at Gunma, ANP and at Carajas NF. White-naped Xenopsaris Xenopsaris albinucha First at Caxias, abundant latter at Campo Maior. Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis Good view at Carajas NF. Cinereous Becard Pachyramphus rufus Spotted at Tracoá trail, ANP. White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Seen near Belem and at ANP and Carajas. Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus Seen well at ANP. Pink-throated Becard Pachyramphus minor Good sightings at Carajas. Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis Seen at a number of places. Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius leucotis Nice views at Carajas NF. Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Sightings at Carajas and Caxias. See note. Grey-chested Greenlet ◊ Hylophilus semicinereus Seen well at Gunma Reserve, heard at more places. Dusky-capped Greenlet Hylophilus hypoxanthus Seen at Carajas NF. Buff-cheeked Greenlet Hylophilus muscicapinus (H) Heard at ANP. Tawny-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus ochraceiceps (H) Heard at Carajas NF. White-naped Jay ◊ Cyanocorax cyanopogon Nice views at Carajas and at Caxias.

27 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer Common along rivers. White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa Seen at Campo Maior. Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Commonly recorded along the tour. Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera Some at ANP and at Carajas. White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata Seen at ANP and at Carajas. Black-collared Swallow Atticora melanoleuca Some seen at ANP. White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis Close looks at few birds at ANP. Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Very common throughout the tour. Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla Seen at ANP and Carajas NF. See note. Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus Seen at Carajas NF. Moustached Wren Pheugopedius genibarbis Seen at Caxias. Coraya Wren Pheugopedius coraya Seen well at Carajas NF. Buff-breasted Wren Cantorchilus leucotis Seen at Carajas. House Wren Troglodytes aedon Some noticed on the tour. See note. Southern Nightingale-Wren Microcerculus marginatus (H) Heard at Carajas NF. Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus Seen at ANP and at Carajas NF. Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea Nice views at Caxias and Campo Maior. Para Gnatcatcher ◊ Polioptila paraensis Pretty good views of a pair at Carajas NF. See note.

White Bellbird (Eduardo Patrial)

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus Some at Caxias and Campo Maior. Eastern Slaty Thrush ◊ Turdus subalaris A great surprise at Carajas NF. Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris Seen at Campo Maior. Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas Common throughout the tour. House Sparrow Passer domesticus Noticed few times. Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica (H) Heard at Carajas. Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea Seen at Gunma and at Carajas NF. White-lored Euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta Seen at Carajas NF. White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta Few sightings at Carajas NF. Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris Also at Carajas. Golden-sided Euphonia Euphonia cayennensis Seen at Gunma Reserve near Belem.

28 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Flavescent Warbler Myiothlypis flaveola (H) Heard at Caxias. Buff-rumped Warbler Myiothlypis fulvicauda Seen at Carajas NF, Aguas Claras. Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus (H) Heard at Carajas NF. Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Seen at Carajas, Campo Maior and Caxias. Green Oropendola Psarocolius viridis Nice views at Gunma Reserve and at Carajas NF. Olive Oropendola Psarocolius bifasciatus At ANP. Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela Plenty on the tour. Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous A good number at Carajas NF. Campo Troupial ◊ Icterus jamacaii A nice one at Campo Maior. Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis At ANP. Screaming Cowbird ◊ Molothrus rufoaxillaris A nice surprise at Campo Maior on tour’s last day. Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus Near Belem, ANP, Carajas and Caxias. Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Few sightings on the tour. Pale Baywing ◊ Agelaioides fringillarius A nice NE endemic present at Campo Maior. Bananaquit Coereba flaveola At most places.

Purple-breasted Cotinga (Eduardo Patrial)

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis Seen at Carajas. Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis Seen at Caxias and Campo Maior. Yellow-browed Sparrow Ammodramus aurifrons Common at the lodge at ANP. Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus Seen at Caxias. Red Tanager (Lowland Hepatic T) Piranga flava A lovely couple at Caxias. Rose-breasted Chat ◊ Granatellus pelzelni Seen at Carajas NF. Yellow-green Grosbeak Caryothraustes Canadensis (H) Heard at Gunma Reserve. Blackish-blue Seedeater ◊ Amaurospiza moesta Great views of a male at Caxias; an uncommon bird. Rothschild’s Grosbeak Cyanocompsa rothschildii (H) Heard near Belem and at Carajas. Red-cowled Cardinal ◊ Paroaria dominicana Frequent at Campo Maior. Red-capped Cardinal Paroaria gularis One sighting at ANP. Black-faced Tanager Schistochlamys melanopis Seen in the ‘canga’habitat, Carajas NF. Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus Also at Carajas NF. Red-billed Pied Tanager ◊ Lamprospiza melanoleuca At ANP and at Carajas NF. Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata Seen at Campo Maior.

29 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida A nice one at Campo Maior. White-rumped Tanager ◊ Cypsnagra hirundinacea A Cerrado specialty, one at Caxias. Grey-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata Seen at Acará and at Caxias. Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus At ANP and CNF. Fulvous-crested Tanager Tachyphonus surinamus AT Gunma and at ANP. White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus At Carajas. White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Same as above. White-winged Shrike-Tanager Lanio versicolor Several sightings at Carajas NF. Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo Very common on the tour. Blue-grey Tanager Thraupis episcopus Common in the Amazonian part. Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Very common on the tour. Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana In belem, at ANP and at Carajas. Spotted Tanager Tangara punctata Quite common at Carajas. Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola Seen near Belem and at Carajas. Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana Seen at Caxias. Masked Tanager Tangara nigrocincta Few seen well at Carajas.

Hooded Gnateater (Eduardo Patrial)

Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia At ANP and CNF. Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata Seen at Gunma and at Carajas. Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Few spotted on the tour. Purple Honeycreeper Cyanerpes caeruleus At Gunma and at ANP. Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza Seen at Gunma and at Carajas. Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira At Carajas NF. Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum (H) Heard at Carajas. Coal-crested Finch ◊ Charitospiza eucosma Amazing views of large group in Caxias. Grey Pileated Finch Coryphospingus pileatus Seen at Caxias and at Campo Maior. Orange-fronted Yellow Finch Sicalis columbiana Briefly at Teresina. Slate-colored Grosbeak Saltator grossus Good sightings at Carajas NF. Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus Seen at several places. Greyish Saltator Saltator coerulescens Seen at Carajas NF. Black-throated Saltator Saltator atricollis Seen at Campo Maior. Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Commonly spotted at disturbed areas. Wing-barred Seedeater Sporophila americana Lovely males at the neighbourhood at Carajas NF.

30 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis At ANP, Carajas and Caxias. White-throated Seedeater ◊ Sporophila albogularis A nice endemic at Campo Maior. Chestnut-bellied Seedeater Sporophila castaneiventris At ANP and at Carajas NF. Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch Oryzoborus angolensis Seen at Carajas NF. Sooty Grassquit Tiaris fuliginosus A male seen at Caxias. Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak ◊ Parkerthraustes humeralis Two at Carajas NF.

MAMMALS Giant Armadillo ◊ Priodontes maximus Certainly the most unexpected highlight on the tour. Southern Tamandua Tamandua tetradactyla One crossing the road at ANP. Black Tamarin ◊ Saguinus niger Nice views at Aguas Claras road, Carajas NF. Tufted Capuchin (Brown C Monkey) Sapajus apella Seen at ANP. Red-handed Howler ◊ Alouatta belzebul Great views at Carajas NF. Also seen at ANP (ssp. nigerrima). Red-bellied (Dusky) Titi ◊ Callicebus moloch (H) Heard at ANP and at Carajas NF. White-nosed (W-n Bearded) Saki ◊ Chiropotes albinasus A nice group at ANP. Red-rumped Agouti Dasyprocta leporina Spotted at Carajas NF. Crab-eating Fox Cerdocyon thous Seen at Carajas NF. South American Coati Nasua nasua Spotted at Carajas. Giant Otter Pteronura brasiliensis Three seen on Tapajos from the Tracoá trail, ANP.

Giant Armadillo (Eduardo Patrial)

TAXONOMIC NOTES

Chestnut-headed Chachalaca Ortalis ruficeps Ortalis ruficeps is a recent split from Little Chachalaca O. motmot.

Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis The SACC uses the name Cattle Egret for this species, but it has been renamed following the splitting off of Eastern Cattle Egret B. coromandus as a separate species.

31 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Grey-lined Hawk Buteo nitidus North/Middle American birds are sometimes split off as a separate species B. plagiata, keeping the same English name, with southern Central American/South American birds being renamed Grey-lined Hawk. However, no evidence for such a split has yet been published.

Dark-winged (Brown-w) Trumpeter Psophia viridis dextralis The subspecies of Dark-winged Trumpeter may deserve species status. P. v. dextralis occurs in Tapajós – Tocantins interfluvium.

Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl Megascops watsonii The form concerned is sometimes split off as a separate species: Southern Tawny-bellied (or Austral) Screech-Owl Megascops usta.

Cinnamon-throated (Maranhao) Hermit Phaethornis nattereri (maranhaoensis) There is quite some confusion about the taxonomic status of birds called Maranhao hermit. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the cinnamon-throated hermit, but at present most follow the analysis by Hinkelmann where it merely is considered the male plumage of P. nattereri. But as it seems, the Maranhao hermit only occurs in the northern part of the range of P. nattereri, and as the two have different voices they seem to warrant recognition as distinct species P. maranhaoensis. It is pending of confirmation by molecular work.

Green-backed Trogon Trogon viridis The SACC lumps White-tailed Trogon T. chionurus from Central America and South America west of the Andes in this species using the name White-tailed Trogon for the enlarged species.

Amazonian Trogon Trogon ramonianus Acording recent studies Amazonian Trogon T. ramonianus is split from Guianan Trogon T. violaceus. Change English name of Trogon violaceus to Guianan Trogon to reflect limited range after split of T. ramonianus and to avoid misapplication of historical 'group' name.

Amazonian Motmot Momotus momota This species was formerly known as Blue-crowned Motmot, but it has been re-named following the splitting off of several related forms.

Eastern Striolated Puffbird Nystalus striolatus torridus Natterer’s Puffbird Nystalus torridus is a proposed split from Striolated Puffbird (N. striolatus) but not yet accepted by SACC; IOC treats as subspecies.

White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus cuvieri The form concerned cuvieri was formerly often split off as a separate species: Cuvier’s Toucan.

Southern Crested Caracara Caracara plancus Northern Caracara (or Northern Crested Caracara) C. cheriway is often lumped in this species, with the name Crested Caracara being used for the enlarged species.

Cryptic Forest-Falcon Micrastur mintoni This species was only recently described (in 2003).

Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri This form is sometimes lumped in White-winged Parakeet B. versicolurus.

Santarem Parakeet Pyrrhura amazonum The SACC lumps this form in Painted Parakeet P. picta.

Amazonian Barred (Xingu) Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes certhia retentus Newly described taxon proposed as a species, Xingu Woodcreeper. Not accepted as such by SACC, treated as a subspecies by IOC. It occurs in the Xingu – Tocantins interfluvium.

32 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Elegant Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus elegans This form was formerly lumped in Spix’s Woodcreeper X. spixii.

Rondonia Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus Rondonia Woodcreeper is split from Lineated Woodcreeper L. Albolineatus. Includes madeirae as a synonym. It occurs in the Madeira – Tapajós interfluvium.

Layard’s Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes layardi Layard’s Woodcreeper is a recent split from Lineated Woodcreeper L. albolineatus, occurring east of Tapajós River, endemic to Brazil.

Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus Lined Antshrike T. tenuepunctatus was formerly lumped in this species, with the name Lined Antshrike being used for the enlarged species.

Natterer’s Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus stictocephalus This is a recent split in the Slaty Antshrike complex. Formerly, all forms were lumped together as Slaty Antshrike T. punctatus. This form is found in Bolivia and southwestern Brazil.

Planalto Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus pelzelni This is a recent split in the Slaty Antshrike complex. Formerly, all forms were lumped together as Slaty Antshrike T. punctatus. This form is found in the interior plateau of Brazil.

Spix’s Warbling-Antbird Hypocnemis striata Recent studies have shown that the original Warbling Antbird H. cantator consists of six different species. The form concerned on this tour is Spix’s Warbling-Antbird H. striata, endemic to Brazil.

Rufous-faced Antbird Schistocichla rufifacies Rufous-faced Antbird is recent split from Spot-winged Antbird S. leucostigma. It’s endemic to Brazil and occurs from the east bank of Rio Madeira to the west bank of Rio Tocantins.

Xingu Scaled-backed Antbird Willisornis vidua Recent studies classify this species, including subspecies vidua and nigrigula, a split from Common Scale-backed Antbird Willisornis poecilinotus. Endemic to Brazil.

Snethlage’s Antpitta Hylopezus paraensis Snethlage's Antpitta is recent split from Spotted Antpitta H. Macularius (Carneiro et al. 2012).

Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri Change English name of Suiriri suiriri from Chaco Suiriri to Suiriri Flycatcher.

Guianan Tyrannulet Zimmerius acer Zimmerius acer is a recent split from Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes.

Southern Scrub-Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus This form was previously called Scrub Flycatcher (or Short-billed Flycatcher), but it is now known as Southern Scrub- Flycatcher to differentiate it from Northern Scrub-Flycatcher S. arenarum and Amazonian Scrub-Flycatcher S. obscurior which have been split off as separate species.

‘Maranhao-Piaui’ Pygmy Tyrant Myiornis sp. nov. An undescribed species from central-north Brazil noticed only recently, with first observations in 2012 in Caxias, east of Maranhão state. Other documented records come from eastern Pará and Piaui states.

Zimmer’s (Sucuduri) Flatbill Tolmomyias assimilis sucunduri Described as a species in 2013 (Whitney et al, 2013. HBW Special Volume). IOC treat as a subspecies of T. assimils pending further clarification of the T. assimilis species complex.

Black-backed Water-Tyrant Fluvicola albiventer This form is sometimes lumped in Pied Water-Tyrant F. pica.

33 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com Sibilant Sirystes Sirystes sibilator Rename Eastern Sirystes (S. sibilator) to Sibilant Sirystes following splits of White-rumped Sirystes and Todd's Sirystes.

Amazonian Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus The SACC lumps the two (or three) forms that have recently been split off as separate species (Northern Royal Flycatcher O. mexicanus (Mexico to Venezuela), Pacific Royal Flycatcher O. occidentalis (western Ecuador & Peru) and also the Atlantic Royal Flycatcher O. swainsoni (southeastern Brazil) in this form using the name Royal Flycatcher for the enlarged species.

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus This form is often (including by the SACC) lumped in Chivi Vireo V. chivi.

Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla Donacobius is related to the Old World warblers, not wrens (Troglodytidae). Treated for now as a monotypic family Donacobiidae pending resolution of relationships to Megaluridae vs Bernieridae.

House Wren Troglodytes aedon The form concerned is sometimes split off as a separate species Southern House Wren T. musculus.

Para Gnatcatcher Polioptila paraensis This form was formerly lumped in Guianan Gnatcatcher P. guianensis, but has recently been split off as a separate species.

Red Tanager (Lowland Hepatic T) Piranga flava The SACC lumps Highland Hepatic Tanager P. lutea and Northern Hepatic Tanager P. hepatica in this species using the name Hepatic Tanager for the enlarged species.

Top five birds voted by the group 1. Wing-banded Antbird 2. Bearded Bellbird 3. Black-bellied Gnateater 4. Guianan Red-Cotinga 5. Moustached Woodcreeper

34 BirdQuest Tour Report: Brazil’s Eastern Amazonia 2017 www.birdquest-tours.com