Historical Review

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Historical Review HISTORICAL REVIEW NEW SERIES TOME XXII, NOS. 3–4 May – August 2011 CONTENTS DENOMINATIONS AND CULTURAL POLITICS LIVIU PILAT, Moldavia between the Union of Florence and the Reaction of the Council of Basel ........................................................................................................................ 207 BOGDAN-PETRU MALEON, A New Approach to the Relationship between Political Power and Ecclesiastical Authority in Moldavia (Mid-Fifteenth – Mid-Sixteenth Centuries)..................................................................................................................... 221 MARIANA LAZĂR, The Cotroceni Monastery – Organization and Management (Seventeenth–Nineteenth Centuries)............................................................................ 233 CRISTIAN VASILE, Communist Cultural Policies during the Gheorghiu-Dej Regime. Financial and Social Aspects........................................................................................ 249 FACETS OF DIPLOMACY – THE AVATARS OF WAR DANIELA BUŞĂ, Bessarabia in the Conscience of Europeans in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century ...................................................................................................... 271 RUDOLF DINU, The Diplomatic Elite of the Old Kingdom in Private Correspondence. (I) Alexandru Marghiloman (1900–1901)......................................................................... 287 CLAUDIU-LUCIAN TOPOR, Romanian Diplomats during the Great War. The Legation in Berlin and Alexandru Beldiman’s Policy................................................................. 311 TAMARA BOTEZ, Passive Defense and Evacuation Plans for the Population of Moldavia in 1944 ......................................................................................................................... 325 DEBATES AND CONTROVERSIES NEAGU DJUVARA, Again on Negru Vodă. Answer to critics............................................... 339 „Revista istorică”, tom XXII, 2011, nr. 3–4, p. 203–406 206 FAMILIES, CLANS, BOYARS OVIDIU OLAR, Aventuriers du XVIIIe siècle. Radu/Rodolphe Cantacuzène et l’Ordre constantinien ................................................................................................................ 385 MIHAI-BOGDAN ATANASIU, Marital Strategies of the Cantacuzinos ................................ 399 REVISTA ISTORICĂ SERIE NOUĂ TOMUL XXII, NR. 3–4 mai – august 2011 SUMAR CONFESIUNI ŞI POLITICI CULTURALE LIVIU PILAT, Moldova între unirea de la Florenţa şi reacţia Conciliului de la Basel............. 207 BOGDAN-PETRU MALEON, A New Approach to the Relationship between Political Power and Ecclesiastical Authority in Moldavia (Mid-Fifteenth – Mid-Sixteenth Centuries)..................................................................................................................... 221 MARIANA LAZĂR, Mănăstirea Cotroceni – organizare şi administrare (secolele XVII– XIX)............................................................................................................................. 233 CRISTIAN VASILE, Politicile culturale comuniste în anii regimului Gheorghiu-Dej. Dimensiuni financiare şi sociale................................................................................... 249 FAŢETELE DIPLOMAŢIEI – AVATARURILE RĂZBOIULUI DANIELA BUŞĂ, Basarabia în conştiinţa europenilor din prima jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea ........................................................................................................................ 271 RUDOLF DINU, Elita diplomatică a Vechiului Regat în corespondenţa privată. (I) Alexandru Marghiloman (1900–1901)......................................................................... 287 CLAUDIU-LUCIAN TOPOR, Diplomaţi români în vremea Marelui Război. Legaţia din Berlin şi politica lui Alexandru Beldiman.................................................................... 311 TAMARA BOTEZ, Apărarea Pasivă şi planuri de evacuare a populaţiei din Moldova în 1944 ............................................................................................................................. 325 DISPUTE ŞI CONTROVERSE NEAGU DJUVARA, Din nou despre Negru Vodă. Răspuns unor critici ................................ 339 „Revista istorică”, tom XXII, 2011, nr. 3–4, p. 203–406 204 FAMILII, CLANURI, BOIERI OVIDIU OLAR, Aventuriers du XVIIIe siècle. Radu/Rodolphe Cantacuzène et l’Ordre constantinien ................................................................................................................ 385 MIHAI-BOGDAN ATANASIU, Marital Strategies of the Cantacuzinos ................................ 399 CONFESIUNI ŞI POLITICI CULTURALE MOLDOVA ÎNTRE UNIREA DE LA FLORENŢA ŞI REACŢIA CONCILIULUI DE LA BASEL∗ LIVIU PILAT** Unirea de la Florenţa, unul dintre evenimentele majore ale veacului al XV-lea, a reţinut de-a lungul timpului atenţia istoricilor, fiind considerată un moment de cotitură pentru istoria Bisericii catolice, dar şi a celei răsăritene. Dacă aspectele ce privesc desfăşurarea sau costurile lucrărilor Conciliului sunt clarificate, problema impactului pe care l-a avut acesta în diferite regiuni ale Europei rămâne sub scrutinul istoricilor, prin circumstanţele multiple care au influenţat receptarea unirii. Din această perspectivă, cazul voievodatului Moldovei – ce posedă o dublă organizare ecleziastică, atât catolică, cât şi ortodoxă – este foarte interesant. Fiind într-o relaţie directă şi simultană cu Roma şi Bizanţul, ar fi de presupus că în Moldova s-au produs aprige confruntări între catolicism şi ortodoxie pe tema unirii religioase sau, dimpotrivă, că au avut loc procesiuni comune, aşa cum s-a întâmplat în Eubeea şi în alte teritorii locuite de catolici şi ortodocşi1. În ambele situaţii, ar fi trebuit să se păstreze numeroase informaţii referitoare la urmările unirii de la Florenţa în Moldova. Contrar aşteptărilor, nu avem niciun document care să înregistreze impactul evenimentului, în vreunul din sensurile deja enunţate, ceea ce lasă impresia unei totale indiferenţe. Abia peste un secol, autorul Letopiseţului de la Putna va consemna, aproape imparţial, că, în timpul domniei lui Alexăndrel, „s-au adunat împăratul grecesc şi patriarhul Ţarigradului şi mare mulţime de mitropoliţi la soborul de la Florenţa la papa Romei Vechi şi au fost înşelaţi de latini şi mulţi dintre dânşii au venit cu bărbile tunse”2. Pe lângă eroarea de ordin cronologic pe care o comite, cronicarul nu ne spune nimic despre delegaţia Moldovei participantă la sinod. Nici informaţiile oferite de Grigore Ureche nu sunt mai precise. Analiza critică a acestor surse dovedeşte că nu putem vorbi nici măcar de perpetuarea pe cale orală a unei tradiţii referitoare la unirea de la Florenţa. Dimpotrivă, amintirea mitropolitului de Kiev, Grigore Ţamblac, în calitate de reprezentant al Moldovei3 ne conduce la concluzia că activitatea Conciliului de la Konstanz a fost urmărită şi receptată în Moldova cu mai mult interes decât unirea ∗ Acest articol cuprinde rezultate obţinute în cadrul proiectului CNCSIS–UEFISCSU, PNII– IDEI 107/2008, nr. 852. ** Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, Iaşi, Facultatea de Istorie; [email protected]. 1 Joseph Gill, The Council of Florence, Cambridge, 1961, p. 303. 2 Cronicile slavo-române din sec. XV–XVI, ed. P.P. Panaitescu, Bucureşti, 1959, p. 48–49. 3 Grigore Ureche, Letopiseţul Ţării Moldovei, ed. P.P. Panaitescu, Bucureşti, 1955, p. 72. „Revista istorică”, tom XXII, 2011, nr. 3–4, p. 207–219 208 Liviu Pilat 2 de la Florenţa. Nici sursele provenite din cadrul Bisericii catolice nu au înregistrat vreun ecou al unirii florentine în Moldova. Deşi între 1439 şi 1452 avem mai multe documente privitoare la Moldova, ele se referă la combaterea ereziei husite şi la aspecte ce ţin de moralitatea clerului4. Din perspectiva indiferenţei manifestate faţă de acest eveniment, situaţia Moldovei nu este deloc una particulară. Într-un studiu publicat acum mai bine de o jumătate de secol, Ihor Ševčenko observa că, spre deosebire de Bizanţ, unde unirea florentină a provocat o aprigă dispută intelectuală, ortodocşii din estul Europei, aflaţi în cuprinsul regatului Poloniei, au privit unirea cu o totală nepăsare, identificând-o drept o problemă internă a Bisericii romano-catolice5. Ulterior, Ihor Mončak a ajuns la concluzia că un factor important în eşuarea unirii florentine a fost reprezentat de atitudinea ostilă a clerului catolic din zonă faţă de Biserica ruteană şi unirea acesteia cu Roma6. Din punct de vedere metodologic, această observaţie este una foarte importantă, deoarece există tendinţa de a privi unirea florentină ca pe un act unilateral, ce a depins doar de voinţa ortodocşilor. În cazul Moldovei, C. Auner a atras mai demult atenţia asupra faptului că doar Moldova ortodoxă a fost reprezentată la Florenţa, pentru clerul catolic mult mai important fiind Conciliul care se desfăşura simultan la Basel7. De fapt, dacă ţinem seama de acest aspect, putem afirma fără nicio exagerare că opoziţia cea mai înverşunată nu a provenit din rândul ortodocşilor, ci din interiorul Bisericii catolice. Reprezentând apogeul mişcării conciliare, Conciliul de la Basel a debutat în 1431, cu un obiectiv ambiţios legat de reformarea Bisericii şi refacerea unităţii acesteia. După o primă tentativă nereuşită de dizolvare a Conciliului, la finele anului 14318, papa Eugeniu al IV-lea va reuşi să găsească o modalitate tehnică de a pune capăt lucrărilor, dispunând la începutul anului 1438 transferul Conciliului la Ferrara. Acţiunea papei împotriva Conciliului, comparată de un important susţinător
Recommended publications
  • ARTES. JOURNAL of MUSICOLOGY Vol
    “GEORGE ENESCU” NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ARTS IAŞI FACULTY OF PERFORMANCE, COMPOSITION AND MUSIC THEORY STUDIES RESEARCH CENTER “THE SCIENCE OF MUSIC” DOCTORAL SCHOOL – MUSIC FIELD ARTES. JOURNAL OF MUSICOLOGY vol. 23-24 ARTES 2021 RESEARCH CENTER “THE SCIENCE OF MUSIC” ARTES. JOURNAL OF MUSICOLOGY Editor-in-chief – Prof. PhD Laura Vasiliu, “George Enescu” National University of Arts, Iași, Romania Senior editor – Prof. PhD Liliana Gherman, “George Enescu” National University of Arts, Iași, Romania SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Prof. PhD Gheorghe Duțică, “George Enescu” National University of Arts, Iași, Romania Prof. PhD Maria Alexandru, “Aristotle” University of Thessaloniki, Greece Prof. PhD Valentina Sandu-Dediu, National University of Music Bucharest, Romania Prof. PhD Pavel Pușcaș, “Gheorghe Dima” National Music Academy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Prof. PhD Mirjana Veselinović-Hofman, University of Arts in Belgrade, Serbia Prof. PhD Victoria Melnic, Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova Prof. PhD Violeta Dinescu, “Carl von Ossietzky” Universität Oldenburg, Germany Prof. PhD Nikos Maliaras, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece Lect. PhD Emmanouil Giannopoulos, “Aristotle” University of Thessaloniki, Greece EDITORS Assoc. Prof. PhD Irina Zamfira Dănilă, “George Enescu” National University of Arts, Iași, Romania Assoc. Prof. PhD Diana-Beatrice Andron, “George Enescu” National University of Arts, Iași, Romania Lect. PhD Rosina Caterina Filimon, “George Enescu” National University of Arts, Iași, Romania Assoc. Prof. PhD Gabriela Vlahopol, “George Enescu” National University of Arts, Iași, Romania Assist. Prof. PhD Mihaela-Georgiana Balan, “George Enescu” National University of Arts, Iași, Romania ISSN 2344-3871 ISSN-L 2344-3871 Translators: PhD Emanuel Vasiliu Assist. Prof. Maria Cristina Misievici DTP Ing.
    [Show full text]
  • Raport De Activitate 2018
    ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ - FILIALA IAŞI CENTRUL DE ISTORIE ŞI CIVILIZAŢIE EUROPEANĂ Aleea M. Sadoveanu nr. 3 - IAŞI Tel./Fax: 0232/212441; 0727390820 [email protected] Nr. 193/12. 11. 2018 ANEXA 1 RAPORT privind activitatea Centrului de Istorie şi Civilizaţie Europeană – Iaşi pe anul 2018 • Domenii de cercetare: Istorie, Arheologie. • Resurse umane: - Cercetători - 7 - Nr. doctori - 6 - Nr. conducători de doctorat – 1 • Formare de tineri cercetători Doctorand 1 • Mijloace de cercetare. Realizate/completate în 2018 S-a completat biblioteca cu 12 volume; Nu s-au făcut achiziții de aparatură. • Rezultate obţinute în cercetare în anul 2018- Vezi Anexa 2. • Realizări pe care le considerăm de interes naţional: 1. Florian Bichir, Cruciada Diviziei de Cremene. Cu tricolorul în Caucaz. Viaţa şi memoriile generalului Ion Dumitrache, Cavaler al Crucii de Fier, București, Editura Militară, 2018, 388 p. 2. Alin L. Mărginean, Silviu B. Moldovan, editori, Constantin Bellu şi redeşteptarea Supremului Consiliu în exil (1969). Percepţii ale Securităţii, Bucureşti, Editura Eikon, 2018, 196 p. 3. „Analele Putnei”, XIII, 2017, 1, 312 p., Ștefan S. Gorovei, redactor șef, Maria Magdalena Székely, redactor executiv, revistă indexată IC și CEEOL 4. „Analele Putnei”, XIII, 2016, 2, 88 p., Ștefan S. Gorovei, redactor șef, Maria Magdalena Székely, redactor executiv, revistă indexată IC și CEEOL • Cooperări ştiinţifice naţionale şi internaţionale: 1. cooperări ştiinţifice naţionale cu Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza, Iaşi; Institutul de Istorie „N. Iorga" Bucureşti; Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane Sibiu; Universitatea „Ovidius” Constanţa; Universitatea din Craiova; Universitatea „Ştefan cel Mare” Suceava; Univeersitatea „Dunărea de Jos” Galați, Complexul Muzeal Naţional „Moldova” Iaşi; Institutul de Chimie Macromoleculară „Petru Poni” Iaşi; Consiliul Național pentru Studierea Arhivelor Securității (CNSAS); Academia Română – Centrul de Biologie Iaşi; Ministerul Culturii Bucureşti.
    [Show full text]
  • The Romanian Colony in Constantinople at the End of the 19Th Century
    Silvana Rachieru ISSN 0353-295X (Tisak) 1849-0344 (Online) UDK 94(560.118=135.1)“18“(091) Radovi - Zavod za hrvatsku povijest Izvorni znanstveni rad Vol. 51, br. 1, Zagreb 2019 Primljeno: 20. 11. 2019. Prihvaćeno: 21. 12. 2019. DOI: 10.17234/RadoviZHP.51.4 Between the King and the Sultan: the Romanian Colony in Constantinople at the End of the 19th Century The article focuses on certain results of a long-term research project which addresses a very specific aspect concerning Romanian-Ottoman relations after 1878: Romanian subjects, residents of the Ottoman Empire, perceived as a community under the pro- tection of the diplomatic and consular missions of Romania. The present contribution accords particular attention to the definition of this community and the legal status of the members of the colony registered with Romanian consulates in the imperial capital. A brief discussion of their ethno-religious profile and socio-economic char- acteristics is also included in the analysis. This is the first attempt to analyse several aspects concerning the Romanian multiethnic colony in Constantinople from different perspectives, such as occupations, nationality papers or the major problems which in- fluenced their status as foreign residents in the Ottoman Empire. The primary sources of data are the consular registers and correspondence between representatives of the Romanian state and the Ministry of the Foreign Affairs, with a special focus on the analysis of an unpublished volume of documents, no. 422, “Registration,” and dated 1867-1916, from the Romanian Diplomatic Archives, Constantinople fonds. Other alternative sources were also used, such as censuses, newspapers and memoirs, in order to reconstruct an image of the Romanian colony in Constantinople up to 1900.
    [Show full text]
  • 1Daskalov R Tchavdar M Ed En
    Entangled Histories of the Balkans Balkan Studies Library Editor-in-Chief Zoran Milutinović, University College London Editorial Board Gordon N. Bardos, Columbia University Alex Drace-Francis, University of Amsterdam Jasna Dragović-Soso, Goldsmiths, University of London Christian Voss, Humboldt University, Berlin Advisory Board Marie-Janine Calic, University of Munich Lenard J. Cohen, Simon Fraser University Radmila Gorup, Columbia University Robert M. Hayden, University of Pittsburgh Robert Hodel, Hamburg University Anna Krasteva, New Bulgarian University Galin Tihanov, Queen Mary, University of London Maria Todorova, University of Illinois Andrew Wachtel, Northwestern University VOLUME 9 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsl Entangled Histories of the Balkans Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies Edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Cover Illustration: Top left: Krste Misirkov (1874–1926), philologist and publicist, founder of Macedo- nian national ideology and the Macedonian standard language. Photographer unknown. Top right: Rigas Feraios (1757–1798), Greek political thinker and revolutionary, ideologist of the Greek Enlightenment. Portrait by Andreas Kriezis (1816–1880), Benaki Museum, Athens. Bottom left: Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864), philologist, ethnographer and linguist, reformer of the Serbian language and founder of Serbo-Croatian. 1865, lithography by Josef Kriehuber. Bottom right: Şemseddin Sami Frashëri (1850–1904), Albanian writer and scholar, ideologist of Albanian and of modern Turkish nationalism, with his wife Emine. Photo around 1900, photo- grapher unknown. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Entangled histories of the Balkans / edited by Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov. pages cm — (Balkan studies library ; Volume 9) Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Romanian Items and Testimonies, Currentl Y Held In
    ROMANIAN ITEMS AND TESTIMONIES, CURRENTLY HELD IN THE ARCHIVES OF ST. CATHERINE MONASTERY, MOUNT SINAI* ADRIAN MARINESCU A number of objects of Romanian origin or containing information conceming the Romanians, can be currently found at Mount Sinai. They testifyto the relations maintained by the Romanians with this major monastic centre of the Orient, within the broader context of political and religious links of the Romanian Principalities with the Orthodox East. The Romanian Principalities thus prove to have been a reliable, faithful supporter of the Christians in the first lands to hear the preaching of Christ's gospel. Beside objects donated by Romanian rulers, who maintained relationships with the Holy Mountain, Sinai also holds items brought by Sinaite monks having spent a while in the Romanian Principalities, as well as important catalogues of documents and records. The Romanian foundations at Mount Sinai are also beautiful architecture monuments, certainly benefitting from the material support ofthe above-mentioned princes. All these items - liturgica! objects, manuscripts, rare books, art and architecture vestiges, etc. - enrich the vast treasury that belongs both to Sinai and Romania, albeit outside the country's boundaries. • The present study is the English translation of the slightly modified original text of the chapter (pp. 477-530) bearing the same title in our work, St. Catherine Monasteryof Mt. Sinai and its relationships with the Romanian Principalities. A historical-patristic approach, published in the year 2009 by Sophia Publishing House in Bucharest. In researching and writing it, we referred to: V. CÂNDEA, Mărturii româneşti peste hotare. Mică enciclopedie, voi. I (Bucharest, 1991) and II (Bucharest, 1998), issued by the Publishing House Ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Silks and Stones: Fountains, Painted Kaftans, and Ottomans in Early Modern Moldavia and Wallachia*
    SILKS AND STONES: FOUNTAINS, PAINTED KAFTANS, AND OTTOMANS IN EARLY MODERN MOLDAVIA AND WALLACHIA* MICHAŁ WASIUCIONEK** Buildings are arguably the last thing that comes to our mind when we talk about circulation of luxury goods and diffusion of consumption practices. Their sheer size and mass explain their tendency to remain in one place throughout their existence and bestow upon them an aura of immutability. This “spatial fix” of the built environment, both in terms of individual buildings and architectural landscapes, means that while they may change hand, they are unable to move across space. This immobility is by no means absolute, as shown by the well-known relocation of the Pergamon altar from western Anatolia to the Museum Island in Berlin, or shorter distances covered by dozens of churches in Bucharest, displaced from their original sites during the urban reconstruction of the 1980s. However, these instances do not change the fact that while both buildings and smaller luxury items constitute vehicles conveying their owners’ wealth and social status, they seemingly belong to two different realms, with little overlap between them. However, as scholarship produced in recent decades has shown, approaching these two spheres of human activity as a dynamic and interactive whole can produce valuable insights into how architecture and luxury commodities construed and expressed social and political identity. As Alina Payne pointed out, buildings and whole sites could become portable and travel by proxy, in the form of drawings, descriptions, and fragments of buildings.1 At the same time, the architectural environment provides the spatial frame for the social and cultural life of humans and objects alike: the spatial distribution of luxury items within the household allows us to reconstruct the topography of conspicuous display and everyday * This study was supported by the ERC-2014-CoG no.
    [Show full text]
  • Violence in the Subcultures of Contemporary Romanian Youth
    LINGUACULTURE, 2, 2011 DOI: 10.2478/v10318-012-0014-6 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE BODY: VIOLENCE IN THE SUBCULTURES OF CONTEMPORARY ROMANIAN YOUTH DANIELA DOBOș Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi Abstract: For a long time, with few exceptions, Romanian linguistics took no interest in native slang, but after 1990 this has made a dramatic comeback in more than one way. One of the crudest versions of new slang, with touches of violence and licentiousness, turning the unsayable into sayable, is that currently used by young Romanians. It has been justly argued that such linguistic outlet came as a logical consequence, after the demise of communism, of the former censorship and wooden tongue. The paper sets out to put this oft-deplored linguistic phenomenon into perspective and analyse the main linguistic means employed in shaping it up. Keywords: slang; subculture; violence; licentiousness. While in the case of English and other European languages such as Spanish or German research on youth language has been growing steadily ever since William Labov’s epoch-making 1972 study of Black English Vernacular in New York City, in the case of Romanian such research, with few exceptions, is all but absent, despite the fact that youth speech is becoming ever more ‘visible’, thanks to the media and to what Rodica Zafiu (2010) has termed “the democratization of writing: anyone may now write and be read in the public space”. Generally speaking, interest in youth language may be related to the fact that, as Eckert (52) has noted, “adolescents are the linguistic movers and shakers […] and as such a prime source of information about linguistic change”; other researchers too argue that it is in the language of the young that linguistic innovations first appear (Stenström et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics and Education During Charles I
    Annals of the „Constantin Brâncuși” University of Târgu Jiu, Letter and Social Science Series, Supplement 2/2016 POLITICS AND EDUCATION DURING CHARLES I Iulian PÎNIŞOARĂ ABSTRACT: This study does not aim to analize the evolution of educational system in Romania late XIX-th century and early XX-th century, instead the study aims to examine the way in which the political elite was formed intellectually speaking. My personal point of view, puts it that the period I mentioned above is the only when the colocation ”political elite” can be properly used. KEYWORDS: prime minister, Catargiu, politics, government, king, Charles, university, law school. În urmă cu peste o sută de ani, membrii elitei intelectuale erau participanţi activi în viaţa politică, aceştia considerând prezenţa lor în spaţiul public drept o datorie faţă de restul populaţiei ţării. Titu Maiorescu, Nicolae Ionescu, Spiru Haret, Constantin Dissescu, Vasile Alecsandri, Nicolae Iorga, Duiliu Zamfirescu, Barbu Ştefănescu-Delavrancea, sunt doar câteva dintre personalităţile care au deţinut unele dintre cele mai importante funcţii în politica românească1. În afara acestor, să zicem, intelectuali de carieră, majoritatea oamenilor politici de la noi aveau studii universitare atestate de diplome emise de cele mai prestigioase universităţi ale Europei. Chiar dacă, aparent, studiile superioare erau o condiţie sine-qua-nonă pentru accederea la cele mai înalte demnităţi ale ţării, legislaţia electorală din acea vreme nu impunea decât condiţii minimale pentru dobândirea şi exercitarea drepturilor politice (erau excluşi doar cei care nu plăteau nici un fel de impozit precum şi analfabeţii), aproape toţi oamenii politici de mai mare sau mai mica anvergură aveau studii universitare.
    [Show full text]
  • Romania's Role in Achieving Regional Order in the Black
    Bulletin of “Carol I” National Defence University 10.12753/2284-9378-19-02 ROMANIA’S ROLE IN ACHIEVING REGIONAL ORDER IN THE BLACK SEA AREA Radm. (LH) Eng. Fleet Commander Mihai PANAIT, PhD* Captain Professor (N) Professor Ioan CRĂCIUN, PhD** Romania as a European maritime state, a member of the most important organizations in the Euro-Atlantic area, NATO and the European Union, is now asserting itself, as a state-recognized in terms of its status, in a period with challenges but also with multiple opportunities. The role of Romania in the realization of the regional order in the Black Sea area is important and it is achieved by intensifying the political, economic or diplomatic measures, but also by intensifying the efforts to strengthen the interoperability at NATO or EU level, in support of the efficiency of the Allied deterrence and defense mechanisms. 15 years after Romania’s accession to NATO, it is in a favorable position to strengthen the national defense capacity, which includes the realization of the capabilities necessary to make our response to symmetrical and asymmetrical threats more efficient. Thus, starting with 2017, Romania has fulfilled its commitment to NATO regarding the allocation of 2% of GDP for defense, in order to continue the transformation and modernization process. Keywords: regional order; security; cooperation; military dimension; risks and threats; the Black Sea region. Introduction vital importance, and the military dimension is one Broadly speaking, security, prosperity, of the main pillars of the state’s stability. and peace are concepts of value to the citizens It is well-known that, as a major player, the of any state.
    [Show full text]
  • New Europe College Ştefan Odobleja Program Yearbook 2009-2010
    New Europe College Ştefan Odobleja Program Yearbook 2009-2010 RAFAEL-DORIAN G. CHELARU ATTILA KIM PUIU LÃÞEA ANDREI MURARU ALINA SILIAN ANDREI FLORIN SORA ÁRON ZSOLT TELEGDI-CSETRI AURELIA VASILE Editor: Irina Vainovski-Mihai Copyright – New Europe College ISSN 1584-0298 New Europe College Str. Plantelor 21 023971 Bucharest Romania www.nec.ro; e-mail: [email protected] Tel. (+4) 021.307.99.10, Fax (+4) 021. 327.07.74 RAFAEL-DORIAN G. CHELARU Born in 1976, in Câmpina Ph.D. in History, Faculty of History, University of Bucharest (2009) Assistant Professor, Faculty of Archival Sciences, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Police Academy, Bucharest Research grants and travels to Hungary, France and Italy Participation in conferences and symposia in Romania, Hungary, Czech Republic, Italy and United Kingdom Articles and studies on the history of Catholicism and Catholic missionarism in Medieval and Early Modern Moldavia (16th – 19th cc.) Book: Colecţia Microfilme “Vatican”. Ghid arhivistic, Arhivele Naţionale, Bucharest, 2007 CUTTING RELIGIOUS BOUNDARIES: “CONFESSIONAL” DISCOURSE AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES OF THE CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES IN MOLDAVIA (18TH CENTURY) Introduction Sempre sono stati zelanti in promovere anche i vantaggi temporali de’ Serenissimi principi con predicare a loro parrocchiani la dipendenza, ubbidienza, fedeltà e tributo al loro principe, richiamandoli a riconducendoli nel di lui Stato quando fuggivano per li troppi aggravij; facendo a gara i padri per più multiplicare e rendere fruttuoso al principe il suo villaggio, con condurvi novi abitatori
    [Show full text]
  • Viaţa Naţiunii Şi Fapte Medicale În România La Sfârşitul Secolului Al Xix-Lea (După Însemnările Lui Constantin Bacalba
    EDITORIAL 1 VIAŢA NAŢIUNII ŞI FAPTE MEDICALE ÎN ROMÂNIA LA SFÂRŞITUL SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA (DUPĂ ÎNSEMNĂRILE LUI CONSTANTIN BACALBAŞA) Life of the nation and the medical facts in Romania in the late nineteenth century Dr. Grigore Buşoi Motto: Nu-mi cerceta obârşa, ci ţine-n seamă soiul, Guşti fructul, nu tulpina, chiar aur de-ar părea... V. Voiculescu Demersul de faţă pleacă de la citirea cărţii lui Apoi o altă conectare mirobolantă: V. Voiculescu Constantin Bacalbaşa, „Bucureştii de altădată“, vo- a devenit din Voicu, Voiculescu. În editorialul meu lumul II, 1885-1900, pe care dorim să-l înscriem în Istoria specialităţii de medicină generală/medicina tema generoasă Apă (fl uid vital), Viaţă (stea din familiei prin efi gia faptelor din „Revista Medicală Calea Lactee), Medicină (mantaua lui Hipocrate) a Română“ nr. 2/2014, scriam, la subcapitolul „Nota- Consfătuirii de la Buzău, din 5-7 septembrie 2014. ţii fi nale“: „Ca fi u al pământului strămoşesc eu în- Constantin Bacalbaşa a fost un vivace ziarist, cerc să fi u un ROMÂN-ESCU (în care E = educaţie, frate cu Anton şi Ion Bacalbaşa. S = sufl et, C = creaţie, U = unire; aceste repere de- Iar motto-ul l-am ales pentru că se întâlneşte cu vin pilonii românismului)“. o zburătură spirituală proprie: „Omul ca pom în Într-o imersie în limba lui Shakespeare, V.V. fi ind gră dină are timpul rădăcinii şi drumul tulpinii, iar very, very român, decompoziţia ESCU – educaţie, măsura vieţii lui rodul fl orilor şi perenitatea se min- sănătate, credinţă, umanism – reprezintă chiar for- ţelor“. mula lui de viaţă.
    [Show full text]
  • Images of Town Life in the Writings of Ion Călugăru, Isac Peltz and Ury Benador
    Romanica Cracoviensia 12 / 2012 10.4467/20843917RC.12.020.0737 Gabriela Gavril-Antonesei Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Iaşi IMAGES OF TOWN LIFE IN THE WRITINGS OF ION CĂLUGĂRU, ISAC PELTZ AND URY BENADOR. ASPECTS OF THEIR RECEPTION1 CONTEXT Isac Peltz, Ion Călugăru, Ury Benador – and other important writers, particularly M. Sebastian, who will not be discussed in this paper, though – published their most representative work in the fourth decade of the last century. At the time, Romania faced a strong surge of nationalistic political movements, which led to multiplied and intensified anti-Semitic acts. More and more voices of the time2 – among them some public figures of a rather liberal line, and representatives of the church – were requesting the “cleansing” of Romania of its Jews and even the review and annulment of the citizenship granted to them in 1923. Under the party name of “Totul pentru Ţară” (“Everything for the Country”), the Garda de Fier (Iron Guard) obtained in the 1937 elections 16.5% of the votes of the electorate, thus becoming the third political power in the country. When the PNC (Goga-Cuza) government came to power in 1937, they imposed an anti-Semitic legislation that deprived more than 200 000 Jews of their civil rights.3 The media campaigns for a “Romanisation” of society – as pursued by Pamfil Şeicaru in Curentul, Nicolae Iorga in Cuget clar and Neamul Românesc – are proof that the anti-Semitic ideas and language were common in many circles.4 In December 1 A version of this paper was presented at the Conference “I Am a Romanian: the Bucharest – Tel Aviv Route”, organized by The Romanian Cultural Institute in Tel Aviv, in partnership with the “Ben Gurion” University in Beer Sheva, 29.03–1.04.2011.
    [Show full text]