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The Year in Helicobacter 2020

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The Year in Helicobacter 2020 EDITOR: David Y. Graham, M.D. The Year in Helicobacter 2020 Guest Editors: Francis Mégraud & Peter Malfertheiner Online only from 2011 The Year in Helicobacter XXXIIIrd Internaঞ onal Workshop on Helicobacter & Microbiota in Infl ammaঞ on & Cancer Virtual Conference September 12, 2020 Guest editors: Francis Mégraud & Peter Malfertheiner This publicaঞ on has been supported by European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group Helicobacter VOLUME 25 SUPPLEMENT 1 SEPTEMBER 2020 CONTENTS REVIEW ARTICLES e12734 Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori Linda Mezmale, Luiz Gonzaga Coelho, Dmitry Bordin and Marcis Leja e12735 Review: Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infecঞ on Gauri Godbole, Francis Mégraud and Emilie Bessède e12736 Review: Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infecঞ on Milica Denic, Elie e Touaࢼ and Hilde De Reuse e12737 Review - Helicobacter, infl ammaঞ on, immunology and vaccines Karen Robinson and Philippe Lehours e12738 Review - Helicobacter pylori and non-malignant upper gastro-intesঞ nal diseases Chrisࢼ an Schulz and Juozas Kupcˇinskas e12739 Review: Gastric cancer: Basic aspects Carlos Resende, Carla Pereira Gomes and Jose Carlos Machado e12740 Review: Prevenঞ on and management of gastric cancer Marino Venerito, Alexander C. Ford, Theodoros Rokkas and Peter Malfertheiner e12741 Review: Extragastric diseases and Helicobacter pylori Rinaldo Pellicano, Gianluca Ianiro, Sharmila Fagoonee, Carlo R. Se anni and Antonio Gasbarrini e12742 Review: Helicobacter pylori infecঞ on in children Ji-Hyun Seo, Kristen Bortolin and Nicola L. Jones e12743 Review – Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infecঞ on 2020 Anthony O’Connor, Takahisa Furuta, Javier P. Gisbert and Colm O’Morain e12744 Review: Other Helicobacter species Annemieke Smet and Armelle Menard e12745 Abstracts e12746 Author Index e12747 Keywords Index Helicobacter Test INFAI® One of the most used 13C-urea breath tests for the diagnosis of Hp-infections worldwide • New line of INFAI packaging and serialization according the EU’s Falsified Medicines Directive • More than 6.8 million Helicobacter Test INFAI performed worldwide • Registered in more than 40 countries worldwide • First approved Hp test for children from the ages of 3 to 11 • Modified Hp test for patients taking PPIs (REFEX) • Cost-effective CliniPac Basic for hospital and GPs use INFAI GmbH Phone: +49 221 880 44-3 Riehler Str. 36 Fax: +49 221 880 44-55 50668 Cologne Email: [email protected], [email protected] Germany Web: www.infai.de, www.infai.co.uk New Instruments Generations in Breath Test Analysis TIME FOR CHANGE IR-FORCE 200 Android IR-FORCE 200 Fancy IR-FORCE 300 Plus Beijing Richen - force Science & Technology Co. Ltd European Subsidiary: Richen Europe S.r.l., 4/A, Dian Tong Creative Square, Via San Cristoforo, 78 - 20090 Trezzano Sul Naviglio, Milano, Italy No.7 Jiuxianqiao North Street Chaoyang District, Beijing, China DOI: 10.1111/hel.12734 REVIEW ARTICLE Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori Linda Mezmale1 | Luiz Gonzaga Coelho2,3 | Dmitry Bordin4,5,6 | Marcis Leja1,7 1Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Abstract Latvia, Riga, Latvia This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the epidemiology of Helicobacter 2 Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Clinics pylori and the potential modes of transmission. In addition to English language publica- Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil tions, the authors have included original full-text publications from Russia and Latin 3Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of America published in the original languages. High H pylori prevalence has been re- Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil ported in Russia, Jordan, Iran, China, and Latin American countries as well as in Arctic 4A. S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia populations in Canada. Indigenous inhabitants in the Arctic were found to be infected 5Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia substantially more frequently than non-indigenous inhabitants. In Amsterdam, the 6 A.I. Yevdokimov, Moscow State University Netherlands, the ethnic minority groups were at a significantly higher risk of being H of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia pylori seropositive compared to the Dutch population. For the first time, data on the 7Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia prevalence from Armenia have been published indicating 41.5% H pylori prevalence. Convincing evidence on the decline of H pylori prevalence in Southeast Hungary and Correspondence Marcis Leja, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Taiwan was published. A study from Chile suggested high infection rates in newborns Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University during the first month after birth. Two meta-analyses covered the potential correlation of Latvia, 1 Gailezera, Riga LV1079, Latvia. Email: [email protected] between H pylori and periodontal diseases, therefore addressing the potential oro-oral transmission rates. Periodontal disease was found to be more prevalent in H pylori-in- Funding information FLPP (Fundamental and Applied Research fected subjects. Other studies addressed the potential role of drinking water and food Projects) Programme in Latvia products as well as socioeconomic factors in transmitting the infection. Several studies in Asia addressed annual reinfection rates of H pylori, ranging from 1.5% in China to 3.1% in Korea. Finally, a review was published on the current evidence and future per- spective of analysing H pylori in ancient human remains by a metagenomic approach. KEYWORDS acquisition, ancient remains, epidemiology, H pylori, prevalence, reinfection, risk factors, transmission 1 | HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE Netherlands (2011-2015), explored the prevalence of H pylori and WORLDWIDE CagA seropositivity among 4683 adults. H pylori seroprevalence was highest in the Ghanaian (84%), followed by Moroccan (81%), Turkish Several studies on H pylori prevalence were published during the last (66%), African Surinamese (51%), South-Asian Surinamese (48%), year. The key results of selected studies and reviews are briefly sum- and Dutch (17%) participants. All ethnic minority groups had a sig- marised below. nificantly higher risk of being H pylori seropositive compared to the Dutch group. All groups, except the Moroccans, had a significantly higher proportion of individuals with CagA + H pylori strains com- 1.1 | Europe pared to the Dutch participants.1 The epidemiological study in Southeast Hungary that inves- The HELIUS study (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting) having enrolled tigated H pylori infection in 1001 healthy blood donors by H py- a random sample of the largest ethnic groups in Amsterdam, The lori IgG serology reported a prevalence of 32%.2 A higher H pylori Helicobacter. 2020;25(Suppl. 1):e12734. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/hel © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd | 1 of 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.12734 2 of 5 | MEZMALE ET al. 8 prevalence was found among males (34.9% vs 29.2%, P = .052) was reported. The authors claim that this rate which is lower than and in rural areas (36.2% vs 27.9%, P = .005). Additionally, agri- in Linqu city and the rural region in Shandong Province as well as cultural/industrial workers were more likely to be positive than Shanghai city reflects the level of urbanisation, sanitation, and ac- office workers (38.3% vs 30.1%, P = .0095). Authors concluded cess to clean water as well as the socioeconomic status. No convinc- that the prevalence of H pylori infection decreased in recent de- ing increase in the prevalence with age was observed, yet a decline cades in Southeast Hungary (eg previous serological studies in in the infection was observed in individuals born between 1980 and blood donors conducted in 1993 and 1999 reported 63.3% and 2004.8 62.3% seroprevalence, respectively); however, it remains high in A small study from Taiwan reported 21.2% H pylori prevalence middle-aged rural populations.2 in asymptomatic adults and 37.9% prevalence in patients with dys- Results from a few recently published studies in Russian lan- pepsia. Older age and presence of dyspeptic symptoms were inde- guage on the prevalence of H pylori in Russia have also been in- pendently associated with a higher prevalence of H pylori infection. cluded. The prevalence of H pylori among medical employees was The authors claimed a decrease in the prevalence that was 54.4% in assessed in two cities in Russia – Moscow and Kazan (in Southwest 1992 in Taiwan.9 of Russia, capital of the Republic of Tatarstan) using the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) HELICARB (Russia) and locally validated method- ology.3,4 The overall H pylori prevalence was 53% (52.6% men, 57.6% 1.3 | Middle East women) among 286 subjects. Higher prevalence was observed with increasing age: 44.1% were found to be infected in the age group Two studies reported high seroprevalence in the general population 18-24 years, and 66.6% in the group above 60 years. The prevalence of the Middle East region. of the infection in Moscow was substantially lower (49.8%) than in A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan (2015-2016) Kazan (67%). by enrolling asymptomatic individuals, relatives of health-seeking A serology-based study that conducted on healthy volunteers in individuals in randomly selected healthcare centres covering every Ryazan in central Russia (2017-2018) revealed IgG positivity (using governorate of the country. Altogether 88.6% of 460 study sub- IMMULITE 2000, Germany) in 65.6% of the adults and 20.8% of the jects were positive with an ELISA test (Enzygnost® anti-H pylori children not treated previously for H pylori.5 II IgG, Siemens, Munich, Germany). The factors associated with H The first study on the prevalence of H pylori in Armenia was pub- pylori positivity were: increased age (the highest prevalence was in lished in 2019. H pylori seropositivity was revealed in 41.5% (39.6% age ≥ 50 years (93.4%)), consumption of raw milk compared to those men, 42.0% women) of symptomatic health check-up attendees who did not consume milk, and location of residence. Drinking water based on an ELISA test (Enzygnost anti-H pylori II IgG, Siemens, sources, consumption of undercooked meat, and consumption of Munich, Germany).
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