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Public Health Aspects of Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis in Deer and Venison
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS OF YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS IN DEER AND VENISON A THESIS PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFlLMENT (75%) OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AT MASSEY UNIVERSITY EDWIN BOSI September, 1992 DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS (MR. RICHARD BOSI AND MRS. VICTORIA CHUAN) MY WIFE (EVELYN DEL ROZARIO) AND MY CHILDREN (AMELIA, DON AND JACQUELINE) i Abstract A study was conducted to determine the possible carriage of Yersinia pseudotuberculosisand related species from faeces of farmed Red deer presented/or slaughter and the contamination of deer carcase meat and venison products with these organisms. Experiments were conducted to study the growth patternsof !.pseudotuberculosis in vacuum packed venison storedat chilling andfreezing temperatures. The serological status of slaughtered deer in regards to l..oseudotubercu/osis serogroups 1, 2 and 3 was assessed by Microp late Agglutination Tests. Forty sera were examined comprising 19 from positive and 20 from negative intestinal carriers. Included in this study was one serum from an animal that yielded carcase meat from which l..pseudotuberculosiswas isolated. Caecal contents were collected from 360 animals, and cold-enriched for 3 weeks before being subjected to bacteriological examination for Yersinia spp. A total of 345 and 321 carcases surface samples for bacteriological examination for Yersiniae were collected at the Deer Slaughter Premises (DSP) and meat Packing House respectively. -
Table of Contents
MARCH 2013 • VOLUME 51 • NO. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PHOTO QUIZ Bacteremia in a Patient with Hepatic Encephalopathy Benjamin H. Hinrichs, Robert C. Jerris, 739 Eileen M. Burd Answer to Photo Quiz Benjamin H. Hinrichs, Robert C. Jerris, 1062–1063 Eileen M. Burd POINT-COUNTERPOINT Quantitative Cultures of Bronchoscopically Obtained Vickie Baselski, J. Stacey Klutts 740–744 Specimens Should Be Performed for Optimal Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia BACTERIOLOGY Pan-PCR, a Computational Method for Designing Bacterium- Joy Y. Yang, Shelise Brooks, Jennifer A. 752–758 Typing Assays Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Data Meyer, Robert R. Blakesley, Adrian M. Zelazny, Julia A. Segre, Evan S. Snitkin Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria by Bruker Biotyper Matrix- Bryan H. Schmitt, Scott A. 782–786 Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Cunningham, Aaron L. Dailey, Spectrometry with On-Plate Formic Acid Preparation Daniel R. Gustafson, Robin Patel Use of Universal 16S rRNA Gene PCR as a Diagnostic Tool for M. Guembe, M. Marín, P. Martín- 799–804 Venous Access Port-Related Bloodstream Infections Rabadán, A. Echenagusia, F. Camúñez, G. Rodríguez-Rosales, G. Simó, M. Echenagusia, E. Bouza, on behalf of the GEIDI Study Group Rapid Identification of Bacteria and Yeasts from Positive-Blood- Amy Fothergill, Vyjayanti Kasinathan, 805–809 Culture Bottles by Using a Lysis-Filtration Method and Matrix- Jay Hyman, John Walsh, Tim Drake, Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Yun F. (Wayne) Wang Spectrum Analysis with the SARAMIS Database Pseudo-Outbreak of Vancomycin-Resistant-Enterococcus Rita M. Gander, Dominick Cavuoti, 810–813 (VRE) Colonization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Adnan Alatoom, Paul Southern, Jr., Spectra VRE Surveillance Medium Debra Grant, Kathleen Salinas, Donna Gaffney, Jennifer MacKenzie, Linda Byrd Changes in Molecular Epidemiology of Streptococcus Bruno Pichon, Shamez N. -
A Focus on Protein Glycosylation in Lactobacillus
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review How Sweet Are Our Gut Beneficial Bacteria? A Focus on Protein Glycosylation in Lactobacillus Dimitrios Latousakis and Nathalie Juge * Quadram Institute Bioscience, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-(0)-160-325-5068; Fax: +44-(0)-160-350-7723 Received: 22 November 2017; Accepted: 27 December 2017; Published: 3 January 2018 Abstract: Protein glycosylation is emerging as an important feature in bacteria. Protein glycosylation systems have been reported and studied in many pathogenic bacteria, revealing an important diversity of glycan structures and pathways within and between bacterial species. These systems play key roles in virulence and pathogenicity. More recently, a large number of bacterial proteins have been found to be glycosylated in gut commensal bacteria. We present an overview of bacterial protein glycosylation systems (O- and N-glycosylation) in bacteria, with a focus on glycoproteins from gut commensal bacteria, particularly Lactobacilli. These emerging studies underscore the importance of bacterial protein glycosylation in the interaction of the gut microbiota with the host. Keywords: protein glycosylation; gut commensal bacteria; Lactobacillus; glycoproteins; adhesins; lectins; O-glycosylation; N-glycosylation; probiotics 1. Introduction Protein glycosylation, i.e., the covalent attachment of a carbohydrate moiety onto a protein, is a highly ubiquitous protein modification in nature, and considered to be one of the post-translational modifications (PTM) targeting the most diverse group of proteins [1]. Although it was originally believed to be restricted to eukaryotic systems and later to archaea, it has become apparent nowadays that protein glycosylation is a common feature in all three domains of life. -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY Volume 45 September 2007 No. 9 MINIREVIEW 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in J. Michael Janda and Sharon L. 2761–2764 the Diagnostic Laboratory: Pluses, Perils, and Pitfalls Abbott BACTERIOLOGY Is the Volume of Blood Cultured Still a Significant Factor in Emilio Bouza, Dolores Sousa, 2765–2769 the Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections? Marta Rodrı´guez-Cre´ixems, Juan Garcı´a Lechuz, and Patricia Mun˜oz Reclassification of Phenotypically Identified Staphylococcus Takashi Sasaki, Ken Kikuchi, 2770–2778 intermedius Strains Yoshikazu Tanaka, Namiko Takahashi, Shinichi Kamata, and Keiichi Hiramatsu Evaluation of Gen-Probe APTIMA-Based Neisseria Erik Munson, Vivian Boyd, Jolanta 2793–2797 gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis Confirmatory Testing Czarnecka, Judy Griep, Brian Lund, in a Metropolitan Setting of High Disease Prevalence Nancy Schaal, and Jeanne E. Hryciuk Convenient Test Using a Combination of Chelating Agents Soo-Young Kim, Seong Geun Hong, 2798–2801 for Detection of Metallo--Lactamases in the Clinical Ellen S. Moland, and Kenneth S. Laboratory Thomson Molecular Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Bo Zheng, Haruyoshi Tomita, Yong 2813–2818 Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Mainland China Hong Xiao, Shan Wang, Yun Li, and Yasuyoshi Ike Bacteriology of Moderate-to-Severe Diabetic Foot Infections Diane M. Citron, Ellie J. C. 2819–2828 and In Vitro Activity of Antimicrobial Agents Goldstein, C. Vreni Merriam, Benjamin A. Lipsky, and Murray A. Abramson Outbreak of Pseudomonas -
Westchester County Restaurants
RESTAURANTS THAT ARE ENOUGH TO MAKE YOU SICK: AN ANALYSIS OF UNSANITARY CONDITIONS AT NEW YORK CITY AND WESTCHESTER COUNTY RESTAURANTS STATE SENATOR JEFF KLEIN RANKING MINORITY MEMBER CONSUMER PROTECTION COMMITTEE RESTAURANTS ENOUGH TO MAKE YOU SICK: AN ANALYSIS OF UNSANITARY CONDITIONS AT NEW YORK CITY AND WESTCHESTER COUNTY RESTAURANT S How Consumers Are At Risk There is little reason why eating a meal in a restaurant should be any more dangerous than eating a meal in your own home. The volume and variety of foods prepared in a restaurant kitchen makes sanitation more critical, but the basic rules of cleanliness, temperature control and pest control are universal. The major difference is that the restaurant patron cannot usually see the kitchen where his or her meal is prepared. These unseen risks are present and they can pose a serious threat to the public. Worse, they may go undetected and unaddressed for extended periods of time. Although inspections are the first step toward catching these problems before they become public health hazards, many problems linger long after they have been cited by inspectors because restaurants can continue to operate with ongoing violations, with no warning to consumers. Many of the violations we have looked at, and many of the most common violations, are easily correctable, and if eradicated, greatly reduce the probability of an outbreak of food borne illness. By simply ensuring that potentially hazardous foods are properly stored, that they do not come into contact with other ready-to-eat foods, and ensuring that employees wash their hand or change their gloves after handling such foods would almost eliminate the risks posed by these foods. -
Genomics of Helicobacter Species 91
Genomics of Helicobacter Species 91 6 Genomics of Helicobacter Species Zhongming Ge and David B. Schauer Summary Helicobacter pylori was the first bacterial species to have the genome of two independent strains completely sequenced. Infection with this pathogen, which may be the most frequent bacterial infec- tion of humanity, causes peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Other Helicobacter species are emerging as causes of infection, inflammation, and cancer in the intestine, liver, and biliary tract, although the true prevalence of these enterohepatic Helicobacter species in humans is not yet known. The murine pathogen Helicobacter hepaticus was the first enterohepatic Helicobacter species to have its genome completely sequenced. Here, we consider functional genomics of the genus Helico- bacter, the comparative genomics of the genus Helicobacter, and the related genera Campylobacter and Wolinella. Key Words: Cytotoxin-associated gene; H-Proteobacteria; gastric cancer; genomic evolution; genomic island; hepatobiliary; peptic ulcer disease; type IV secretion system. 1. Introduction The genus Helicobacter belongs to the family Helicobacteriaceae, order Campylo- bacterales, and class H-Proteobacteria, which is also known as the H subdivision of the phylum Proteobacteria. The H-Proteobacteria comprise of a relatively small and recently recognized line of descent within this extremely large and phenotypically diverse phy- lum. Other genera that colonize and/or infect humans and animals include Campylobac- ter, Arcobacter, and Wolinella. These organisms are all microaerophilic, chemoorgano- trophic, nonsaccharolytic, spiral shaped or curved, and motile with a corkscrew-like motion by means of polar flagella. Increasingly, free living H-Proteobacteria are being recognized in a wide range of environmental niches, including seawater, marine sedi- ments, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and even as symbionts of shrimp and tubeworms in these environments. -
Co-Infection Associated with Diarrhea in a Colony of <I>Scid
Laboratory Animal Science Vol 48, No 5 Copyright 1998 October 1998 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Helicobacter bilis/Helicobacter rodentium Co-Infection Associated with Diarrhea in a Colony of scid Mice Nirah H. Shomer,* Charles A. Dangler, Robert P. Marini, and James G. Fox† Abstract _ An outbreak of diarrhea spanning 3 months occurred in a breeding colony of scid/Trp53 knockout mice. Approximately a third of the 150 mice were clinically affected, with signs ranging from mucoid or watery diarrhea to severe hemorrhagic diarrhea with mortality. Helicobacter bilis and the newly recognized urease-negative organ- ism H. rodentium were isolated from microaerobic culture of feces or cecal specimens from affected mice. Dual infection with H. bilis and H. rodentium were confirmed by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in several animals. Both Helicobacter species rapidly colonized immunocompetent sentinel mice exposed to bedding from cages containing affected mice, but the sentinel remained asymptomatic. Mice with diarrhea had multifocal to segmental proliferative typhlitis, colitis, and proctitis. Several affected mice had multifocal mucosal necrosis with a few focal ulcers in the cecum, colon, and rectum. Mice with diarrhea were treated with antibiotic food wafers (1.5 mg of amoxicillin, 0.69 mg of metronidazole, and 0.185 mg of bismuth/mouse per day) previously shown to eradi- cate H. hepaticus in immunocompetent mice. Antibiotic treatment resulted in resolution of diarrhea, but not eradication of H. bilis and H. rodentium; mice continued to have positive PCR results after a 2-week treatment regimen, and clinical signs of diarrhea returned in some mice when treatment was suspended. -
Genome Characteristics of a Generalist Marine Bacterial Lineage
The ISME Journal (2010), 1–15 & 2010 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/10 $32.00 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE Genome characteristics of a generalist marine bacterial lineage Ryan J Newton1, Laura E Griffin1, Kathy M Bowles1, Christof Meile1, Scott Gifford1, Carrie E Givens1, Erinn C Howard1, Eric King1, Clinton A Oakley2, Chris R Reisch3, Johanna M Rinta-Kanto1, Shalabh Sharma1, Shulei Sun1, Vanessa Varaljay3, Maria Vila-Costa1,4, Jason R Westrich5 and Mary Ann Moran1 1Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; 2Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; 3Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; 4Group of Limnology-Department of Continental Ecology, Centre d’Estudis Avanc¸ats de Blanes-CSIS, Catalunya, Spain and 5Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Members of the marine Roseobacter lineage have been characterized as ecological generalists, suggesting that there will be challenges in assigning well-delineated ecological roles and biogeochemical functions to the taxon. To address this issue, genome sequences of 32 Roseobacter isolates were analyzed for patterns in genome characteristics, gene inventory, and individual gene/ pathway distribution using three predictive frameworks: phylogenetic relatedness, lifestyle strategy and environmental origin of the isolate. For the first framework, a phylogeny containing five deeply branching clades was obtained from a concatenation of 70 conserved single-copy genes. Somewhat surprisingly, phylogenetic tree topology was not the best model for organizing genome characteristics or distribution patterns of individual genes/pathways, although it provided some predictive power. The lifestyle framework, established by grouping isolates according to evidence for heterotrophy, photoheterotrophy or autotrophy, explained more of the gene repertoire in this lineage. -
Enterohepatic Lesions in SCID Mice Infected with Helicobacter Bilis
Laboratory Animal Science Vol 48, No 4 Copyright 1998 August 1998 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Enterohepatic Lesions in SCID Mice Infected with Helicobacter bilis Craig L. Franklin, Lela K. Riley, Robert S. Livingston, Catherine S. Beckwith, Cynthia L. Besch-Williford, and Reuel R. Hook, Jr. Abstract _ Helicobacter bilis is a recently identified species that colonizes the intestine and liver of mice. In immunocompetent mice, infections have been associated with mild hepatitis, and in immunocompromised mice, inflammatory bowel disease has been induced by intraperitoneal inoculation of the organism. We re- port inoculation of 6-week-old C.B-17 scid/scid mice by gastric gavage with approximately 107 H. bilis colony- forming units. Groups of mice were euthanized and necropsied 12, 24, and 36 weeks after inoculation. Mild to moderate proliferative typhlitis was evident in all mice at 12 and 36 weeks after inoculation and in most mice 24 weeks after inoculation. Mild to severe chronic active hepatitis was detected in 10 of 10 male mice and 3 of 10 female mice. These results indicate that H. bilis can cause moderate to severe enterohepatic disease in immunocompromised mice. The genus Helicobacter is a rapidly expanding genus volved in lesion development. Culture of specimens from currently containing 17 named species. Members of this mice confirmed intestinal colonization with H. hepaticus. Fox genus are microaerophilic, have curved to spiral rod mor- et al. reported enteric lesions in immunocompetent germ- phology, and are motile by flagella that vary in number free Swiss Webster mice infected with H. hepaticus (15), and and location among various species (1). -
Excess Labile Carbon Promotes the Expression of Virulence Factors in Coral Reef Bacterioplankton
OPEN The ISME Journal (2018) 12, 59–76 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE Excess labile carbon promotes the expression of virulence factors in coral reef bacterioplankton Anny Cárdenas1,2,3, Matthew J Neave3, Mohamed Fauzi Haroon3,4, Claudia Pogoreutz1,3,5, Nils Rädecker3,5, Christian Wild5, Astrid Gärdes1 and Christian R Voolstra3 1Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Bremen, Germany; 2Max Plank Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; 3Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA and 5Marine Ecology Group, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Germany Coastal pollution and algal cover are increasing on many coral reefs, resulting in higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. High DOC concentrations strongly affect microbial activity in reef waters and select for copiotrophic, often potentially virulent microbial populations. High DOC concentrations on coral reefs are also hypothesized to be a determinant for switching microbial lifestyles from commensal to pathogenic, thereby contributing to coral reef degradation, but evidence is missing. In this study, we conducted ex situ incubations to assess gene expression of planktonic microbial populations under elevated concentrations of naturally abundant monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose) in algal exudates and sewage inflows. We assembled 27 near-complete (470%) microbial genomes through metagenomic sequencing and determined associated expression patterns through metatranscriptomic sequencing. Differential gene expres- sion analysis revealed a shift in the central carbohydrate metabolism and the induction of metalloproteases, siderophores, and toxins in Alteromonas, Erythrobacter, Oceanicola, and Alcanivorax populations. -
Biliary Tract Microbiota: a New Kid on the Block of Liver Diseases?
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2020; 24: 2750-2775 Biliary tract microbiota: a new kid on the block of liver diseases? A. NICOLETTI1, F.R. PONZIANI2, E. NARDELLA1, G. IANIRO2, A. GASBARRINI1, L. ZILERI DAL VERME2 1Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy 2Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy Abstract. – The microbiome plays a crucial man body1,2. Indeed, a resident microbiota has recent- role in maintaining the homeostasis of the or- ly been described in several human environments ganism. Recent evidence has provided novel previously described as devoid of microorganisms, insights for understanding the interaction be- such as the urinary tract and the stomach3-9. Even tween the microbiota and the host. However, the 10 vast majority of such studies have analyzed the healthy placenta hosts microbial communities . interactions taking place in the intestinal tract. Bile has traditionally been considered sterile The biliary tree has traditionally been consid- under normal conditions11-14. ered sterile under normal conditions. However, The physical and chemical features of bile and the advent of metagenomic techniques has re- its antimicrobial activity were supposed to create vealed an unexpectedly rich bacterial communi- a hostile environment for bacteria. Moreover, the ty in the biliary tract. Associations between specific microbiolog- difficulty in collecting bile samples, coupled with ical patterns and inflammatory biliary diseases the lack of sensibility of culture techniques in and cancer have been recently described. Hence, detecting microbes in low-charge samples, sus- biliary dysbiosis may be a primary trigger in the tained this hypothesis for a long time. -
Nor Hawani Salikin
Characterisation of a novel antinematode agent produced by the marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata and its impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Nor Hawani Salikin A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science August 2020 Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname/Family Name : Salikin Given Name/s : Nor Hawani Abbreviation for degree as give in the University : Ph.D. calendar Faculty : UNSW Faculty of Science School : School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Characterisation of a novel antinematode agent produced Thesis Title : by the marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata and its impact on Caenorhabditis elegans Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) Drug resistance among parasitic nematodes has resulted in an urgent need for the development of new therapies. However, the high re-discovery rate of antinematode compounds from terrestrial environments necessitates a new repository for future drug research. Marine epiphytic bacteria are hypothesised to produce nematicidal compounds as a defence against bacterivorous predators, thus representing a promising, yet underexplored source for antinematode drug discovery. The marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata is known to produce a number of bioactive compounds. Screening genomic libraries of P. tunicata against the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identified a clone (HG8) showing fast-killing activity. However, the molecular, chemical and biological properties of HG8 remain undetermined. A novel Nematode killing protein-1 (Nkp-1) encoded by an uncharacterised gene of HG8 annotated as hp1 was successfully discovered through this project. The Nkp-1 toxicity appears to be nematode-specific, with the protein being highly toxic to nematode larvae but having no impact on nematode eggs.