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Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin Library of Congress Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 Augustin Grignon (1780–1860) Enlarged from daguerreotype in possession of the Society COLLECTIONS OF THE Wisconsin STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN EDITED BY REUBEN GOLD THWAITES, LL. D. Secretary and Superintendent of the Society VOL. XX The Fur-Trade in Wisconsin—1812–1825 A Wisconsin Fur-Trader's Journal—1803–04 LC LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 514547 OCT 14 1913 SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT. MADISON PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY 1911 F576 .W81 2d set Published by Authority of Law 2,500 COPIES PRINTED LC DEMOCRAT PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTER Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress iii Contents PAGE Officers of the Society, 1911 ix Preface xi THE FUR-TRADE IN WISCONSIN, 1812–25 1812: Factory System Threatens British Control of Indians 1 1818: British Traders Versus Factory System 12 1818: Exclusion of Foreigners 16 1818: American Fur Company Unjustly Treated 17 1818: Who Constitute Foreigners 32 1818: A Trader's Preparation 34 1818: Advantages of Factory System 37 1818: Returns From Upper Mississippi 42 1818: Modification of Exclusion Orders 42 1818: Licenses May Not be Granted Beyond Agency Boundaries 47 1818: Indian Census 50 1818: News from Prairie Du Chien 51 Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress 1818: A Trader's Tribulations 52 1818: Report from Prairie Du Chien Factory 54 1818: Passport for American Fur Company's Agent 55 1818: Exclusion of Foreigners 55 1818: Prairie Du Chien Factory 58 1818: Passport for Rolette 59 1818: Defense of Factor at Prairie Du Chien 62 1818: Factors to Aid in Exclusion of Foreigners 64 1818: Advantages of the Factory System 66 1818: Licenses for Green Bay Traders 80 1818: Factories Should be Abolished 82 1818: Instructions for a Trader 87 1818: Prices for Licenses 88 1818: Complaints from Green Bay 90 1818: Profit and Loss at Factories 95 1818: History of Fur-trade Companies 96 1819: Difficulties of Transportation 99 iv Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress 1819: New Factory Established 101 1819: Plans to Leave Green Bay 102, 105 1819: Licenses must be Respected 103 1819: Factory Supplies Loaned 104 1819: License Bond 107 1819: News from Kakalin 108 1819: Wampum for Factory 109 1819: Green Bay Settlers to Remove to Red River 109 1819: Exclusion of Foreigners 115 1819: Licenses for Wisconsin Traders 118 1819: Rights of Citizenship 120, 138 1819: Winnebago Hostile 126 1819: Licenses for Foreigners 127 1819: Fur-traders En Route 129 1819: Licenses Revoked 133, 136 1819: American Clerk Employed 136 1819: Skins Tampered With 137 Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress 1820: Winnebago Hostilities 139 1820: Difficulties of Wisconsin Traders 145 1820: Wintering in Wisconsin 149 1820: Transportation Difficulties 151 1820: Wintering on the Wisconsin 153, 156 1820: News from Red River 154 1820: Influence in Congress 162 1820: News from Prairie Du Chien 164 1820: Citizenship Secured 171 1820: Transportation of Furs 172 1820: Factory at Prairie Du Chien 175 1820: Trade at Milwaukee 176 1820: Naturalization Papers 177 1820: Foreigners Still Trading 179 1820: Factory Prices 181 1820: Liquor in Indian Country 182 1820: Traders' Subterfuges 183 Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress 1820: Factory Sales 186 1821: Transportation of Factory Goods 187 1821: Drouine in Wisconsin 188 1821: Are Factories Honest? 190 1821: Wisconsin Traders' Letters 192 1821: Deterioration of Factory Goods 198 1821: Failure of Green Bay Agency 198 1821: Gunpowder Needed for Trade 200 1821: American Versus British Trade 201 v 1821: Factories Unprofitable 203 1821: Competitors United 206 1821: A Winterer's Engagement 212 1821: Economies Essential 213 1821: Damaged Goods as Presents 215 1821: Citizenship Granted 215 1821: Milwaukee Trade 216 1821: Factories Consolidated 219 Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress 1821: A Bourgeois License 220 1821: Wintering Arrangements 220 1821: Liquor Forbidden 227 1821: Proceeds of Prairie Du Chien Factory 230 1821: Word from Green Bay 232 1821: Green Bay Factor 233 1821: Augustin Grignon on the Upper Mississippi 234 1821: Census of Tribesmen 237 1822: The Green Bay Company to Aid Augustin Grignon 239 1822: Congress Investigates Factory System 239 1822: Condolence for Augustin Grignon 241 1822: Factory Goods Transferred 242 1822: Violence on the Upper Mississippi 243 1822: Intercourse with British to be Broken Off 248 1822: Passport for British Trader 254 1822: The Green Bay Company 254 1822: Factories are Abolished 256 Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress 1822: Charges Against Rolette 257 1822: Mackinac Indians Withdrawn from British Influence 261 1822: Continuance of Green Bay Company 261 1822: New Arrangements for Indian Agents 263 1822: Misdeeds to be Punished 264 1822: Closing the Factories 265, 278 1822: Distress at Prairie Du Chien 266 1822: Green Bay Company Arrangements 268 1822: Liquor at Milwaukee 270 1822: Restitution for Augustin Grignon 274 1822: Milwaukee Trader Violates the Law 275 1822: American Fur Company Unjust 277 1822: Instructions for Lake Superior Trader 279 1822: An Indian Creditor 280 1822: A License 281 1822: Fur-traders' Transportation 282 1822: Wintering Arrangements 283 Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress 1822: Disposal of Factory Goods 285 vi 1822: Instructions Concerning Licenses 289 1822: American Fur Company to Green Bay Company 290 1822: Liquor in the Indian Country 291 1823: British Influence Ceases 298 1823: Wintering Partners 299, 325 1823: Closing the Factories 300 1823: Death of Pierre Grignon 301 1823: Seizure of Liquor 305 1823: Permission to Introduce Liquor on Lake Superior 306 1823: Green Bay Partners at Mackinac 307 1823: Arrangements of Green Bay Company 311 1823: News from Green Bay 318 1823: The Green Bay Agent 326 1824: Fur Prices Fall 329 1824: Wintering in Wisconsin 330 1824: Astor to Crooks 335 Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress 1824: Trade at Green Bay 336 1824: Regulations Concerning Trading Stations 339 1824: Affidavits and Contracts 340 1824: An Illegal Trader 345 1824: Census of Wisconsin Indians 349 1824: Hard Times at Green Bay 351 1824: Necessity of Credits 353 1824: A Trader's Contract 355 1824: Licenses at Rock Island 356 1824: The Menominee River Posts 358 1824: Milwaukee Traders 360 1824: Post at Sheboygan 362 1824: Sauk and Fox Traders 363 1824: Trading House Sites 365 1824: Milwaukee in Chicago Agency 367 1825: Explanations of Agent 368 1825: The Post at Fond Du Lac 371 Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress 1825: Prices for Furs 372 1825: Licenses Conflict 374 1825: The Spring Credits 375 1825: Trading Sites 377 1825: The Green Bay Company 378 1825: Trader among Foxes 380 1825: Opposition Traders 381 1825: Evils of Use of Liquor in Fur-trade 382 1825: Fox River Trade 387 1825: The Affair of 1817 389 vii 1825: Fond Du Lac 390 1825: Typical Invoices 392 1825–26: Specimen Credits 393 A WISCONSIN FUR-TRADER'S JOURNAL, 1803–04 By Michel Curot, July 28, 1803 to June 16, 1804 396 Index 473 viii Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress Illustrations PAGE Augustin Grignon (1780–1860). Enlarged from daguerreotype in possession of the Society Frontispiece Old American Fur Company Warehouse, Prairie Du Chien. From photograph taken in recent years 42 Fur-trading House at Kaukauna. From photograph taken in 1890 42 The Original Fort Crawford, Prairie Du Chien. From Missouri Historical Society Collections, iii, p. 118 58 Joseph Jourdain. From a photograph in possession of the Society 100 Tsi-zun-hau-kau, A Winnebago Warrior. From colored lithograph in McKenney and Hall, History of the Indian Tribes (Philadelphia, 1854), i, p. 195 140 Old Fur-trade House of American Fur Company, Mackinac. From photograph taken about 1910 168 What Remains of Old Fort Snelling 168 Daniel Whitney (1795–1862). From oil portrait by unknown artist, in possession of the Society 221 Steamboat “Walk-in-the-water” at Detroit, 1820. From contemporary lithograph 245 Naw-kaw (Caramaunee), A Winnebago Chief. From colored lithograph in McKenney and Hall, Indian Tribes i, p. 315 267 Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 20 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689i Library of Congress Hercules L. Dousman (1800–1868). From oil portrait by Conrad W. Heyd, in possession of the Society 304 Albert G. Ellis (1800–1885). From oil portrait by his daughter, in possession of the Society 317 Kee-o-tuck, or the Watching Fox, Chief of the Sauk. As he appeared at Prairie du Chien treaty, 1825. From contemporary colored lithograph, by J. O. Lewis 366 Part of a Page of Curot's Journal 396 Ojibwa Indian Women Gathering Wild Rice. From oil painting by Seth Eastman, in room of House Committee on Military Affairs, Washington, D. C. 404 ix Officers, 1911 President Lucius Charles Colman, B. A. La Crosse Vice-Presidents Hon. Emil Baensch Manitowoc Hon. Burr W. Jones, M. A. Madison Hon.
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