Towards an Integrated Marine Good Environmental Status (GES)
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Towards an Integrated Marine Good Environmental Status (GES) Assessment for Montenegro Assessment of the MarineLogos Environment en anglais, avec versions courtes des and the Sustainabilitylogos ONU Environnem ent et PAM of Ecosystem Values La version longue des logos ONU Environnem ent et PAM doit être utilisée dans les docum ents ou juridiques. L a v ersion cour te des logos est destin e tous les produits de com m unication tourn s vers le public. Compiled and edited: Ana Štrbenac (lead) Marina Marković, Carlos Guitart, Anis Zarrouk, Ivan Sekovski Authors: EO1 and EO2: Ana Štrbenac – lead author Vesna Mačić, Slavica Petović; Mirko Đurović, Dragana Drakulović, Branka Pestorić, Darko Saveljić, Ivana Stojanović, Milena Bataković, Anis Zarrouk EO5: Robert Precali – lead author Danijela Šuković EO7: Branka Grbec EO8: Željka Čurović EO9: Carlos Guitart – lead author Danijela Šuković, Aleksandra Ivanović, Darinka Joksimović, Ivana Stojanović, Ivan Sekovski, Marina Marković EO10: Milica Mandić – lead expert Editing: Cover design: swim2birds.co.uk Graphic design: Old School S.P. Proofreading: N. Yonow Cover photograph: Ghost nets in Montenegro; M. Mandić The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This study was prepared by PAP/RAC, SPA/RAC, UNEP/MAP, and the Ministry of Ecology, Spatial Planning and Urbanism of Montenegro within the GEF Adriatic Project and supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Document citation: UNEP/MAP-PAP/RAC-SPA/RAC and MESPU (2021). Towards an Integrated Marine Good Environmental Status (GES) Assessment for Montenegro. Assessment of the marine environment and the sustainability of the ecosystem values. By (alphabet order): Željka Čurović, Dragana Drakulović, Mirko Đurović, Carlos Guitart, Aleksandra Ivanović, Christos Ioakemidis, Darinka Joksimović, Vesna Mačić, Milica Mandić, Marina Marković, Branka Pestorić, Slavica Petović, Robert Precali, Darko Saveljić, Ivana Stojanović, Ivan Sekovski, Ana Štrbenac, Danijela Šuković, Anis Zarrouk. Eds: PAP/RAC, GEF Adriatic project. pp 110 + Annex Assessment of the Marine Environment and the Sustainability of Ecosystem Values – Montenegro Table of contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 GES assessment policy context ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Mediterranean Sea level .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 European level ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 The Adriatic Sea ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Approach to integrated GES assessment preparation .................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Socio-economic drivers, pressures, and impacts existing in the marine and coastal environment of Montenegro ................................. 10 2.1 Socio-economic drivers relevant for the state of the marine environment in Montenegro .......................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Pressures and impacts in the marine and coastal environment ................................................................................................................................................................... 13 3 Towards an integrated GES assessment ........................................................................................................................................ 18 3.1 Overview of GES assessment ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.1.a Biodiversity – (EO1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 GES criteria and definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 EO1 GES assessment ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 3.1.b Non-indigenous species (NIS) – EO2 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 GES criteria and definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 EO2 GES assessment ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 3.1.c Hydrography – EO7 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44 GES criteria and definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45 EO7 GES assessment ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45 3.1.d Coastal ecosystems and landscapes – EO8 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 48 GES criteria and definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49 EO8 GES assessment ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 3.1.e Pollution – EO9 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 GES criteria and definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 EO9 GES assessment ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55 3.1.f Marine litter – EO10 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61 GES criteria and