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Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 1 Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 2 HUMAN FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 213 DORSAL and VENTRAL, UPPER & LOWER LIMBS COMPARED PREAXIAL and POSTAXIAL THIS WEEKS LAB: Limbs evolved from paddles or fins, each with The hand and Foot 1. Dorsal and ventral sides 2. Preaxial and postaxial edges. In this lecture During Dorsal and ventral, Preaxial and postaxial development, Similarities in structure – Homology? human limbs were 1. Bones the same, but 2. Muscles rotations and 3. Nerves differential Muscles of the Shoulder and Hip/Arm and Thigh growth have The hand and foot modified the Muscles of the leg/foot and forearm/hand overall shape. The preaxial border is closer to the head and therefore supplied by more cranial nerves. We can identify the preaxial and postaxial borders in adult limbs by the first and fifth digits of the hand and foot Veins and nerves Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 3 Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 4 Similarities in structure - Homology PROXIMAL MUSCLES IN THE UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS Bones and joints Shoulder & Hip – Ball and socket joints Shoulder and arm Hip and thigh Humerus & Femur – Single bone in the proximal segment. Triceps Quadruceps etc Radial nerve Femoral nerve Knee & Elbow – hinge/uniaxial joints. Biceps etc Hamstrings Leg & Forearm – Two bones in the distal segment Musculocutaneous nerve Tibial nerve Tibia & Radius – Preaxial bones. Fibula & ulna – Postaxial bones Deltoid plus Gluteals & TFL posterior axillary muscles plus 6 lateral rotators Axillary nerve and post cord Gluteal nerves Ankle & Wrist – tarsals & carpals Even in the Pectorals Adductors hand and foot we Pectoral nerves Obturator nerve can find homologies between the carpal and tarsal bones. We have already seen the pattern of similarity between the muscle groups in the arm and thigh… Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 5 HOMOLOGY OF MUSCLE GROUPS IN THE DISTAL SEGMENTS OF UPPER AND LOWER LIMB Nerve supply (T=tibial, LP=lateral plantar, MP=medial plantar, SP=superficial peroneal, DP=deep peroneal). Dorsal = black, Ventral = red UPPER LIMB LOWER LIMB EXTRINSIC FLEXORS Nerve Nerve Palmaris longus M Flexor digitorum superficialis M Flexor digitorum profundus U+M Flexor pollicis longus M Flexor carpi radialis M Flexor carpi ulnaris U INTRINSIC MUSCLES Lumbricals U+M Interossei U Adductor pollicis U Abductor digiti minimi U Flexor digiti minimi U Opponens digiti minimi U Abductor pollicis brevis M Flexor pollicis brevis M Opponens pollicis M EXTRINSIC EXTENSORS Extensor digitorum R Extensor indicis R Extensor digiti minimi R Extensor pollicis longus R Extensor pollicis brevis R Abductor pollicis longus R Extensor carpi ulnaris R Extensor carpi radialis longus R Extensor carpi radialis brevis R OTHER MUSCLES Pronator teres M Pronator quadratus M Brachioradialis R Supinator R Do you think the lateral compartment of the leg is "dorsal" or "ventral"? Are there any leg or foot muscles which you cannot pair with upper limb muscles? Radial Ulnar Median .

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