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The Muscles That Act on the Upper Limb Fall Into Four Groups

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The Muscles That Act on the Upper Limb Fall Into Four Groups MUSCLES OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON UPPER LIMB The muscles that act on the upper limb fall into four groups: those that stabilize the pectoral girdle, those that move the arm, those that move the forearm, and those that move the wrist, hand, and fingers. Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle (Marieb / Hoehn – Chapter 10; Pgs. 346 – 349; Figure 1) MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: ANTERIOR THORAX: anterior surface coracoid process protracts & depresses Pectoralis minor* pectoral nerves of ribs 3 – 5 of scapula scapula medial border rotates scapula Serratus anterior* ribs 1 – 8 long thoracic nerve of scapula laterally inferior surface stabilizes / depresses Subclavius* rib 1 --------------- of clavicle pectoral girdle POSTERIOR THORAX: occipital bone / acromion / spine of stabilizes / elevates / accessory nerve Trapezius* spinous processes scapula; lateral third retracts / rotates (cranial nerve XI) of C7 – T12 of clavicle scapula transverse processes upper medial border elevates / adducts Levator scapulae* dorsal scapular nerve of C1 – C4 of scapula scapula Rhomboids* spinous processes medial border adducts / rotates dorsal scapular nerve (major / minor) of C7 – T5 of scapula scapula * Need to be familiar with on both ADAM and the human cadaver Figure 1: Muscles stabilizing pectoral girdle, posterior and anterior views 2 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Muscles Moving Arm (Marieb / Hoehn – Chapter 10; Pgs. 350 – 352; Figure 2) MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: intertubercular sulcus / sternum / clavicle / flexes / medially rotates / Pectoralis major* greater tubercle pectoral nerves ribs 1 – 6 adducts arm of humerus acromion / spine of deltoid tuberosity Deltoid* scapula; lateral third axillary nerve abducts arm of humerus of clavicle spinous processes of intertubercular groove Latissimus dorsi* T – L / ribs 9 – 12 / thoracodorsal nerve extends / adducts arm 7 5 of humerus iliac crest of os coxa subscapular fossa lesser tubercle Subscapularis* subscapular nerves rotates arm medially of scapula of humerus supraspinous fossa greater tubercle Supraspinatus* suprascapular nerve abducts arm of scapula of humerus infraspinous fossa greater tubercle Infraspinatus* suprascapular nerve rotates arm laterally of scapula of humerus lateral border greater tubercle Teres minor* subscapular nerves rotates arm laterally of scapula of humerus inferior border lesser tubercle rotates medially / Teres major* subscapular nerves of scapula of humerus adducts arm coracoid process medial shaft musculocutaneous Coracobrachialis* flexes / adducts arm of scapula of humerus nerve * Need to be familiar with on both ADAM and the human cadaver 3 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Figure 2: Muscles that move the arm, anterior and posterior views (note: subscapularis not shown) 4 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Muscles Moving Forearm (Marieb / Hoehn – Chapter 10; Pgs. 352 – 353; Figure 3) MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: POSTERIOR MUSCLES: below glenoid cavity of olecranon process Triceps brachii* scapula / posterior shaft radial nerve extends forearm of ulna of humerus lateral epicondyle olecranon process Anconeus radial nerve extends forearm of humerus of ulna ANTERIOR MUSCLES: coracoid process / radial tuberosity musculocutaneous Biceps brachii* above glenoid cavity flexes forearm of radius nerve of scapula anterior face coronoid process musculocutaneous Brachialis* flexes forearm of distal humerus of ulna nerve lateral epicondyle styloid process Brachioradialis* radial nerve flexes forearm of ulna (radius) * Need to be familiar with on both ADAM and the human cadaver 5 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Figure 3: Muscles that move the forearm, anterior and posterior views 6 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Muscles Moving Wrist, Hand, and Fingers - Anterior (Marieb / Hoehn – Chapter 10; Pgs. 354 – 356; Figure 4) MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES: medial epicondyle of Pronator teres* humerus; coronoid lateral shaft of radius median nerve pronates forearm process of ulna medial epicondyle Flexor carpi radialis* metacarpals 2 – 3 median nerve flexes / abducts wrist of humerus medial epicondyle tenses skin of palm during Palmaris longus palmar aponeurosis median nerve of humerus hand movement medial epicondyle pisiform / hamate bone Flexor carpi ulnaris* of humerus; olecranon ulnar nerve flexes / adducts wrist of carpals process of ulna Flexor digitorum medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process middle phalanges 2 – 5 median nerve flexes wrist / fingers superficialis* of ulna ; shaft of radius DEEP MUSCLES: coronoid process / Flexor digitorum anteriomedial surface distal phalanges 2 – 5 ulnar / median nerves flexes wrist / fingers profundus* of ulna anterior surface distal phalanx Flexor pollicis longus median nerve flexes thumb of radius of thumb distal surface of distal surface of Pronator quadratus median nerve pronates forearm anterior ulna anterior radius * Need to be familiar with on both ADAM and the human cadaver 7 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Figure 4: Anterior muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers 8 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Muscles Moving the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers - Posterior (Marieb / Hoehn – Chapter 10; Pgs. 356 – 357; Figure 5) MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES: Extensor carpi lateral epicondyle radialis* metacarpals 2 – 3 radial nerve extends / abducts wrist of humerus (longus / brevis) lateral epicondyle Extensor digitorum* distal phalanges 2 – 5 radial nerve extends fingers of humerus Extensor carpi lateral epicondyle metacarpal 5 radial nerve extends / adducts wrist ulnaris* of humerus DEEP MUSCLES: lateral epicondyle of proximal end Supinator humerus; proximal end radial nerve supinates forearm of radius of ulna Abductor pollicis posterior surface metacarpal 1 / trapezium abducts / extends radial nerve longus* of radius and ulna of carpals thumb Extensor pollicis* dorsal shaft proximal / distal radial nerve extends thumb (longus / brevis) of radius / ulna ends of phalange 1 posterior surface Extensor indicis phalange 2 radial nerve extends index finger of distal ulna * Need to be familiar with on both ADAM and the human cadaver 9 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Figure 5: Posterior muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers 10 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Out-of-Class Assignment: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand Intrinsic muscles are found only in the palm of the hand (none on the dorsal surface). These small, relatively weak muscles control the precise movements of the metacarpals and the fingers, leaving the powerful movements of the fingers (e.g., power grip) to the forearm muscles. The intrinsic muscles of the palm are divided into three groups: those in the thenar eminence (ball of thumb), the hypothenar eminence (ball of the little finger), and the midpalm. The thenar and hypothenar eminence groups are responsible for flexing, abducting, and opposing the respective digits. The midpalm muscles extend the fingers at the interphalangeal joints. Below is a table listing the individual muscles in each functional group. For each muscle, fill in the appropriate origin, insertion, innervation, and action and then correctly label the muscle on the associated figure(s). This exercise is to introduce you to these muscles; you will not be responsible for these groups of muscles for the practical exam. MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: THENAR MUSCLES: Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Adductor pollicis 11 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES: Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi MIDPALMAR MUSCLES: Lumbricals Palmar interossei Dorsal interossei 12 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University 13 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University .
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