DOCSLIB.ORG

Upper Limb : Muscles "Revision" Anatomy Team 434

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Upper Limb : Muscles Upper Limb : Muscles "Revision" Anatomy Team 434 Color Index: If you have any complaint or ▪ Important Points suggestion please don’t ▪ Helping notes hesitate to contact us on: [email protected] ▪ Explanation Muscles of shoulder region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Lateral 1/3 of clavicle + Deltoid tuberosity of Deltoid acromion and spine of Major abductor of the arm humerus scapula Axillary nerve Greater tuberosity of Teres minor Laterally rotates the arm humerus Lateral border of scapula Adducts at the shoulder and Teres major Bicipital groove of humerus Lower subscapular nerve medially rotates the arm Abducts the arm 0-15o, and Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa Greater tuberosity of assists deltoid for 15-90o Suprascapular nerve humerus Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa Laterally rotates the arm Lesser tuberosity of Upper and lower Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Medially rotates the arm humerus subscapular nerves All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of pectoral region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE -Sternum, -Adduct and medially rotate the Medial and Pectoralis -Upper 6 costal cartilages humerus Lateral lip of bicipital groove lateral pectoral major -Aponeurosis of external -The clavicular head also nerves oblique muscle performs flexion -Depression of shoulder Pectoralis 3rd, 4th, & 5th ribs close Medial pectoral Coracoid process -Draw the ribs upward & minor to their costal cartilages nerve outwards during deep inspiration Steadies or fixes the clavicle 1st rib at its costal Subclavian groove at the inferior Nerve to Subclavius during movement of the shoulder cartilage surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle subclavius joint -Draws the scapula forward -Rotates scapula outwards in Serratus Ventral aspect of the medial border Long thoracic Upper eight ribs raising the arm above 90 degree. anterior and inferior angle of the scapula nerve -Keep the scapula adherent to the chest wall Serratus anterior Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of arm region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE -Long Head from supraglenoid -Strong supinator of the tubercle of scapula (intracapsular) forearm (used in screwing) In the posterior part of the -Short Head from the tip of coracoid -Powerful flexor of elbow Biceps brachii radial tuberosity process of scapula -Weak flexor of shoulder, -The two heads join in the middle of produce supination the arm Musculocutaneous Middle of the medial side of Flexor & a weak adductor of Coracobrachialis Tip of the coracoid process the shaft of the humerus the arm Front of the lower half of Anterior surface of coronoid Musculocutaneous Brachialis Strong flexor of the forearm humerus process of ulna & Radial -Long head from infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula -Lateral head from the upper half of Common tendon inserted the posterior surface of the shaft of into the upper surface of the Strong extensor of the elbow Triceps brachii Radial nerve humerus above the spiral groove olecranon process of ulna joint -Medial head from the lower half of the posterior surface of the shaft of humerus below the spiral groove Biceps brachii Triceps brachii All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Coracobrachialis Brachialis All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of forearm (FLEXOR SUPERFICIAL) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Middle of lat. surface of Pronator teres Pronation & flexion of forearm radius Flexor carpi radialis Base of 2nd metacarpal bone Flexion & abduction of the hand Median nerve Common flexor origin (front of medial Into the flexor retinaculum & Flexes hand & tightens palmer Palmaris longus epicondyle) palmar aponeurosis aponeurosis Flexor carpi Pisiform, Ulnar nerve hook of Flexion and adduction of the hand Ulnar nerve ulnaris hamate 5th metacarpalbone -Common flexor origin Flexes middle and proximal Flexor digitorum Base of middle phalanges of -Coronoid process of ulna phalanges of medial 4 fingers, and Median nerve superficialis medial 4 finger -Anterior surface of radius the hand Muscles of forearm (FLEXOR DEEP) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Median nerve except Flexor digitorum Bases of distal phalanges of Flexes distal phalanges of medial 4 medial half are innervated Above ulna profundus medial 4 digits digits by the ulnar nerve flexes interphalangeal, Flexor pollicis Base of distal phalanx of Above radius metacarpophalangeal & longus thumb carpometacarpal joints of thumb Median nerve Pronator Above the ulna Distal fourth of ant. surface pronates forearm (primemover), quadratus & radius of radius helps to hold the bones together All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of forearm (EXTENSOR LATERAL) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE -Flexes forearm; (elbow) Brachioradialis Base of styloid process of radius -Rotates forearm to the midprone Lateral supracondylar position Radial nerve itself ridge of humerus Extensor carpi Posterior surface of base of 2nd Extends and abducts hand at wrist radialis longus metacarpal bone joint Muscles of forearm (EXTENSOR SUPERFICIAL) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Extensor carpi Extends and abducts hand at wrist Base of 3rd metacarpal bone radialis brevis joint Posterior Extensor digitorum Extensor expansion of the Extends medial four fingers at the interosseous medial 4 fingers MCP and IP joints nerve (continuation Extensor digiti common extensor Extensor expansion of the Extends the little finger, and Deep Branch of minimi origin, (front of medial 4 fingers contributes to extension at the wrist Radial Nerve) lateral epicondyle (PURELY MOTOR of the humerus nerve) Extensor carpi Base of the 5th metacarpal bone Extension and adduction of wrist ulnaris Posterior and lateral part of the Moves the ulna during pronation and Anconeus Radial nerve itself olecrannon extends at the elbow joint Muscles of forearm (EXTENSOR DEEP) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE -Lateral epicondyle of the humerus posterior surface Supinator Supinates the forearm -Posterior surface of the ulna of the radius Abductor pollicis longus Interosseous membrane Abducts the thumb Posterior Extends at the metacarpophalangeal Extensor Posterior surface of the radius and interosseous nerve and carpometacarpal joints of the pollicis brevis interosseous membrane Thumb (continuation Deep thumb Branch of Radial Nerve) (PURELY Extends all joints of the thumb: MOTOR nerve) Extensor carpometacarpal, pollicis longus metacarpophalangeal and posterior surface of the ulna and interphalangeal interosseous membrane Extensor Index Extends the index finger indices All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of hand region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Palmar aponeurosis and flexor Corrugation of skin to Ulnar nerve Palmaris brevis Skin of palm retinaculum improve grip (Superficial branch) Abductor digiti minimi Pisiform Abduction (Hypothenar Eminence) Base of proximal phalanges of little finger Flexor digiti minimi brevis Flexor retinaculum Flexion (Hypothenar Eminence) Deep branch of Ulnar Opponens digiti minimi Medial margin of 5th Pulls the 5th metacarpal Palmar surface of 5th metacarpal (Hypothenar Eminence) metacarpal forward (Cup the palm) Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum (Scaphoid & Abduction (Thenar Eminence) Trapez) Base of proximal phalanges of the thumb Flexor pollicis brevis Flexion Median nerve (Thenar Eminence) Flexor retinaculum Oppenens pollicis Lateral part of 1st Opposition (Thenar Eminence) metacarpal Hypothenar Eminence Thenar Eminence All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of hand region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Oblique Head: Ant. bases of 2nd Medial side of base of prox.ph of Deep branch of &3rd metacarpal Adductor pollicis thumb Addiction Trans Head: 3rd metacarpal Ulnar nerve Flex metacarpophalangeal 1st & 2nd (Lateral Lumbrical muscles Extensor expansion of medial joints and extend two) : Median N. Tendons of Flex.dig. profundus (4 MUSCLES) four fingers interphalangeal joints of 3rd & 4th : Ulnar N fingers except thumb (Deep branch) First: Base of 1st metacarpal. Palmar interossei Other three: Ant. surface of Proximal phalanges of thumb , Adduction of fingers toward index, ring, & little fingers and shafts of 2nd , 4rd & 5th (4 MUSCLES) extensor expansion center of the 3rd one metacarpals Ulnar nerve Dorsal interossei Contiguous sides of shafts of Proximal phalang of index, ring , Abduction of fingers away (4 MUSCLES) metacarpals mid finger & extensor expansion from the 3rd one Lumbrical muscles All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Done by: Noha AlGwaiz & Tariq AlHassan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 14-Anatomy of Forearm
    FOREARM By : Prof.Saeed Abulmakarem. Dr. Sanaa Al-Sharawy OBJECTIVES §At the end of this lecture, the student should able to : §List the names of the Flexors Group of Forearm (superficial & deep muscles). §Identify the common flexor origin of flexor muscles and their innervation & movements. §Identify supination & poronation and list the muscles produced these 2 movements. §List the names of the Extensor Group of Forearm (superficial & deep muscles). §Identify the common extensor origin of extensor musles and their innervation & movements. n The forearm extends from elbow to wrist. n It posses two bones radius laterally & Ulna medially. n The two bones are connected together by the interosseous membrane. n This membrane allows movement of Pronation and Supination while the two bones are connected together. n Also it gives origin for the deep muscles. § The forearm is Fascial Compartments of the Forearm enclosed in a sheath of deep fascia, which is attached to the posterior border of the ulna . §This fascial sheath, together with the interosseous membrane & fibrous intermuscular septa, divides the forearm into compartments, each having its own muscles, nerves, and blood supply. These muscles: 8 FLEXOR GROUP § Act on the elbow & wrist joints and those of the fingers. § Form fleshy masses in the proximal part and become tendinous in the distal part of the forearm. •Arranged in three groups: I-Superficial: 4 Ø Pronator teres Ø Flexor carpi radialis Ø Palmaris longus III- Deep: 3 Ø Flexor carpi ulnaris Ø Flexor digitorum profundus II-Intermediate: 1 Ø Flexor pollicis longus Ø Ø Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator quadratus n Superficial Flexors: n They arise - more or less- from the common flexor origin (front of medial epicondyle).
    [Show full text]
  • Intrinsic Hand Muscles of the Japanese Monkey, Macaca Fuscata
    Anthropol.Sci. 102(Suppl.), 85-95,1994 Intrinsic Hand Muscles of the Japanese Monkey, Macaca fuscata TOSHIHIKO HOMMA AND TATSUO SAKAI Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Received December 24, 1993 •ôGH•ô Abstract•ôGS•ô Anatomy of the intrinsic hand muscles in the Japanese monkeys was studied with an improved method to dissect the muscles and nerves in water after removal of the skeletal framework. The thenar eminence contained four muscles, namely m. abductor pollicis brevis, m. opponens pollicis, m, flexor pollicis brevis, and m. adductor pollicis. The hypothenar eminence contained four muscles, namely m. palmaris brevis, m. abductor digiti minimi, m. flexor digiti minimi brevis, and m. opponens digiti minimi. Majority of the thenar muscles are fused more or less with each other, so that clear separation of these muscles was difficult. The lumbrical muscles arose from the palmar parts of four main tendons of the deep flexor muscle to the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits. The mm, contrahentes arose mainly from a medial tendinous septum attached on the palmar surface to the third metacarpus, and included three muscles destined to the second, fourth and fifth digits. The interossei were found on the radial side of the second, third, fourth and fifth finger as well as on the ulnar side of the second, third and fourth finger. The intrinsic hand muscles in the Japanese monkey received innervation either from the median or the ulnar nerve. Branching pattern of these nerves to the individual muscles was fundamentally similar to those in man except for the fact that the median and the ulnar nerve in the Japanese monkey do not communi cateto make a loop in the thenar muscles.
    [Show full text]
  • Extended Insertion of Teres Minor Muscle: a Rare Case Report
    Eur J Anat, 16 (3): 224-225 (2012) CASE REPORT Extended insertion of teres minor muscle: a rare case report Monica Jain, Lovesh Shukla, Dalbir Kaur Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha-125047, Hisar, Haryana, India SUMMARY upwards and laterally, and gets inserted on the lowest of the three impressions on the greater Teres minor is one of the muscles of the shoul- tubercle of the humerus and fuses with the der joint along with subscapularis, supraspina- capsule of the shoulder joint along with other tus and infraspinatus forming rotator cuff. muscles forming the rotator cuff. It is inner- Variations of teres minor are relatively uncom- vated by the posterior branch of the axillary mon. A unique and extended insertion of this nerve. It stabilizes the humerus by holding muscle is being reported in the present case. the humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the Knowledge of the anatomy of this muscle is scapula, a and causes lateral rotation of the important to avoid injury to the axillary nerve arm (Johnson, 2008). Variations of teres and posterior circumflex humeral vessels while minor are relatively uncommon and have been surgically approaching the shoulder joint and occasionally reported by various authors inserting portals of the arthroscope in a poste- (Bergman et al., 2006). rior approach to the shoulder joint. Key words: Teres minor – Rotator cuff – CASE REPORT Shoulder joint – Capsule of shoulder joint – Humerus – Surgical neck of humerus During routine dissection of the shoulder region of upper limb of an approximately 50 year-old male cadaver for undergraduate teach- INTRODUCTION ing and training, a unique and extended inser- tion of the teres minor muscle was found on the Teres minor is a one of the short scapular right side.
    [Show full text]
  • Tricepsterrific
    ACE-SPONSORED RESEARCH TricepsTerrific omen from all walks of life struggle to avoid the dreaded flabby, jiggly arms—and they often turn to personal trainers and fitness pros for help. “Guys always want to get rid of their bellies, while women always By Brittany Boehler,W B.S., seem to want to tone their triceps,” says John P. Porcari, Ph.D., John Porcari, Ph.D., an exercise physiologist Dennis Kline, M.S., with the University of Wisconsin and former C. Russell Hendrix, Ph.D., and personal trainer. Carl Foster, Ph.D., with Mark Anders But as with most clients, their time is constantly being gobbled up by work and family obligations, leaving little extra time for regular exercise. They want results—and fast! With that in mind, the This study was funded solely by the American Council on Exercise, the nation’s Work- American Council on Exercise (ACE). out Watchdog, sponsored comprehensive research to determine which exercises are most effec- tive—and efficient—for targeting the triceps. Armed with this new research, you’ll be able to better guide your clients in their efforts to tone and strengthen their triceps. TheTo determine Study the efficacy of the eight most common triceps exercises, ACE enlisted a team of exercise scientists from the University of Wiscon- sin/La Crosse Exercise and Health Program. Led www.acefitness.org pg. 1 ACE-SPONSORED RESEARCH by John Porcari, Ph.D., and Brittany Boehler, B.S., the exercise to ensure proper muscle recovery. Subjects lifted research team recruited 15 healthy female subjects, ages 70 percent of their previously determined 1 RM for the 20 to 24, from the local La Crosse community.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical, Clinical, and Electrodiagnostic Features of Radial Neuropathies
    Anatomical, Clinical, and Electrodiagnostic Features of Radial Neuropathies a, b Leo H. Wang, MD, PhD *, Michael D. Weiss, MD KEYWORDS Radial Posterior interosseous Neuropathy Electrodiagnostic study KEY POINTS The radial nerve subserves the extensor compartment of the arm. Radial nerve lesions are common because of the length and winding course of the nerve. The radial nerve is in direct contact with bone at the midpoint and distal third of the humerus, and therefore most vulnerable to compression or contusion from fractures. Electrodiagnostic studies are useful to localize and characterize the injury as axonal or demyelinating. Radial neuropathies at the midhumeral shaft tend to have good prognosis. INTRODUCTION The radial nerve is the principal nerve in the upper extremity that subserves the extensor compartments of the arm. It has a long and winding course rendering it vulnerable to injury. Radial neuropathies are commonly a consequence of acute trau- matic injury and only rarely caused by entrapment in the absence of such an injury. This article reviews the anatomy of the radial nerve, common sites of injury and their presentation, and the electrodiagnostic approach to localizing the lesion. ANATOMY OF THE RADIAL NERVE Course of the Radial Nerve The radial nerve subserves the extensors of the arms and fingers and the sensory nerves of the extensor surface of the arm.1–3 Because it serves the sensory and motor Disclosures: Dr Wang has no relevant disclosures. Dr Weiss is a consultant for CSL-Behring and a speaker for Grifols Inc. and Walgreens. He has research support from the Northeast ALS Consortium and ALS Therapy Alliance.
    [Show full text]
  • Monday: Back, Biceps, Forearms, Traps & Abs Wednesday
    THE TOOLS YOU NEED TO BUILD THE BODY YOU WANT® Store Workouts Diet Plans Expert Guides Videos Tools BULLDOZER TRAINING 3 DAY WORKOUT SPLIT 3 day Bulldozer Training muscle building split. Combines rest-pause sets with progressive Main Goal: Build Muscle Time Per Workout: 30-45 Mins resistance. Workouts are shorter but more Training Level: Intermediate Equipment: Barbell, Bodyweight, intense. Program Duration: 8 Weeks Dumbbells, EZ Bar, Machines Link to Workout: https://www.muscleandstrength.com/ Days Per Week: 3 Days Author: Steve Shaw workouts/bulldozer-training-3-day-workout-split Monday: Back, Biceps, Forearms, Traps & Abs Exercise Mini Sets Rep Goal Rest Deadlift: Perform as many rest-paused singles as you (safely) can within 10 Mins. Use a weight you could easily perform a 10 rep set with. Rest as needed. When you can perform 15 reps, add weight the next time you deadlift. Barbell Row 5 25 30 / 30 / 45 / 45 Wide Grip Pull Up 5 35 30 / 30 / 30 / 30 Standing Dumbbell Curl 4 25 30 / 30 / 30 EZ Bar Preacher Curl 4 25 30 / 30 / 30 Seated Barbell Wrist Curl 4 35 30 / 30 / 30 Barbell Shrug 5 35 30 / 30 / 30 / 30 Preferred Abs Exercise(s): I recommend using at least one weighted exercise (e.g. Weighted Sit Ups or Cable Crunches). Rest Periods: 30 / 30 / 45 / 45 notates rest periods between each set. Take 30 Secs after the 1st set, 30 Secs after the 2nd set, 45 Secs after the 3rd set, etc. After the final set, rest, and move on to the next exercise.
    [Show full text]
  • Stretching and Positioning Regime for Upper Limb
    Information for patients and visitors Stretching and Positioning Regime for Upper Limb Physiotherapy Department This leaflet has been designed to remind you of the exercises you Community & Therapy Services have been taught, the correct techniques and who to contact with any queries. For more information about our Trust and the services we provide please visit our website: www.nlg.nhs.uk Information for patients and visitors Muscle Tone Muscle tone is an unconscious low level contraction of your muscles while they are at rest. The purpose of this is to keep your muscles primed and ready to generate movement. Several neurological causes may change a person’s muscle tone to increase or decrease resulting in a lack of movement. Over time, a lack of movement can cause stiffness, pain, and spasticity. In severe cases this may also lead to contractures. Spasticity Spasticity can be defined as a tightening or stiffness of the muscle due to increased muscle tone. It can interfere with normal functioning. It can also greatly increase fatigue. However, exercise, properly done, is vital in managing spasticity. The following tips may prove helpful: • Avoid positions that make the spasticity worse • Daily stretching of muscles to their full length will help to manage the tightness of spasticity, and allow for optimal movement • Moving a tight muscle to a new position may result in an increase in spasticity. If this happens, allow a few minutes for the muscles to relax • When exercising, try to keep head straight • Sudden changes in spasticity may
    [Show full text]
  • Bone Limb Upper
    Shoulder Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) Scapula Acromioclavicular joint proximal end of Humerus Clavicle Sternoclavicular joint Bone: Upper limb - 1 Scapula Coracoid proc. 3 angles Superior Inferior Lateral 3 borders Lateral angle Medial Lateral Superior 2 surfaces 3 processes Posterior view: Acromion Right Scapula Spine Coracoid Bone: Upper limb - 2 Scapula 2 surfaces: Costal (Anterior), Posterior Posterior view: Costal (Anterior) view: Right Scapula Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 3 Scapula Glenoid cavity: Glenohumeral joint Lateral view: Infraglenoid tubercle Right Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle posterior anterior Bone: Upper limb - 4 Scapula Supraglenoid tubercle: long head of biceps Anterior view: brachii Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 5 Scapula Infraglenoid tubercle: long head of triceps brachii Anterior view: Right Scapula (with biceps brachii removed) Bone: Upper limb - 6 Posterior surface of Scapula, Right Acromion; Spine; Spinoglenoid notch Suprspinatous fossa, Infraspinatous fossa Bone: Upper limb - 7 Costal (Anterior) surface of Scapula, Right Subscapular fossa: Shallow concave surface for subscapularis Bone: Upper limb - 8 Superior border Coracoid process Suprascapular notch Suprascapular nerve Posterior view: Right Scapula Bone: Upper limb - 9 Acromial Clavicle end Sternal end S-shaped Acromial end: smaller, oval facet Sternal end: larger,quadrangular facet, with manubrium, 1st rib Conoid tubercle Trapezoid line Right Clavicle Bone: Upper limb - 10 Clavicle Conoid tubercle: inferior
    [Show full text]
  • Design of a Working Model of an Upper Limb Prosthesis: Wrist Mechanism
    DESIGN OF A WORKING MODEL OF AN UPPER LIMB PROSTHESIS: WRIST MECHANISM BY SAHIL VIKAS DANGE A thesis submitted to the Graduate School|New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Graduate Program in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Written under the direction of Professor William Craelius and Professor Noshir A. Langrana and approved by New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Design of a working model of an upper limb prosthesis: Wrist Mechanism by Sahil Vikas Dange Thesis Directors: Professor William Craelius and Professor Noshir A. Langrana This thesis demonstrates a new design for an upper limb prosthetic wrist that gives 3 independent degrees of freedom (DOFs) through individual mechanisms. A human wrist has 3 degrees of freedom i.e. Flexion-Extension, Radial- Ulnar deviation and Pronation-Supination. The upper limb prostheses that are currently available in the market generally provide 1 (usually Pronation- Supination) or at most 2 degrees of freedom, which is not sufficient for daily life. For this thesis, a new wrist having all the 3 DOFs was designed in the SolidWorks software, a prototype was 3D printed and a basic analysis of the mechanical properties of the model through SolidWorks simulation was carried out. The prototype mechanisms were then connected to servo motors, with potentiometers as their inputs, that were programmed through an arduino and were tested to see if they work as expected. Faithful recreation of the wrist motions was achieved and the range of motion (ROM) of this prosthesis was similar to the ROM of an actual human wrist.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Functional Anatomy 213 Upper & Lower Limbs Compared
    Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 1 Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 2 HUMAN FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 213 DORSAL and VENTRAL, UPPER & LOWER LIMBS COMPARED PREAXIAL and POSTAXIAL THIS WEEKS LAB: Limbs evolved from paddles or fins, each with The hand and Foot 1. Dorsal and ventral sides 2. Preaxial and postaxial edges. In this lecture During Dorsal and ventral, Preaxial and postaxial development, Similarities in structure – Homology? human limbs were 1. Bones the same, but 2. Muscles rotations and 3. Nerves differential Muscles of the Shoulder and Hip/Arm and Thigh growth have The hand and foot modified the Muscles of the leg/foot and forearm/hand overall shape. The preaxial border is closer to the head and therefore supplied by more cranial nerves. We can identify the preaxial and postaxial borders in adult limbs by the first and fifth digits of the hand and foot Veins and nerves Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 3 Human Functional Anatomy 213 week 6 4 Similarities in structure - Homology PROXIMAL MUSCLES IN THE UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS Bones and joints Shoulder & Hip – Ball and socket joints Shoulder and arm Hip and thigh Humerus & Femur – Single bone in the proximal segment. Triceps Quadruceps etc Radial nerve Femoral nerve Knee & Elbow – hinge/uniaxial joints. Biceps etc Hamstrings Leg & Forearm – Two bones in the distal segment Musculocutaneous nerve Tibial nerve Tibia & Radius – Preaxial bones. Fibula & ulna – Postaxial bones Deltoid plus Gluteals & TFL posterior axillary muscles plus 6 lateral rotators Axillary nerve and post cord Gluteal nerves Ankle & Wrist – tarsals & carpals Even in the Pectorals Adductors hand and foot we Pectoral nerves Obturator nerve can find homologies between the carpal and tarsal bones.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Shoulder Muscles
    Eovaldi BJ, Varacallo M. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Shoulder Muscles. [Updated 2018 Dec 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2018 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534836/ Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Shoulder Muscles Authors Benjamin J. Eovaldi1; Matthew Varacallo2. Affilations 1 University of Tennessee HSC 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kentucky School of Medicine Last Update: December 3, 2018. Introduction The shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) is a ball and socket joint with the most extensive range of motion in the human body. The muscles of the shoulder dynamically function in performing a wide range of motion, specifically the rotator cuff muscles which function to move the shoulder and arm as well as provide structural integrity to the shoulder joint. The different movements of the shoulder are: abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation, and external rotation.[1] The central bony structure of the shoulder is the scapula. All the muscles of the shoulder joint interact with the scapula. At the lateral aspect of the scapula is the articular surface of the glenohumeral joint, the glenoid cavity. The glenoid cavity is peripherally surrounded and reinforced by the glenoid labrum, shoulder joint capsule, supporting ligaments, and the myotendinous attachments of the rotator cuff muscles. The muscles of the shoulder play a critical role in providing stability to the shoulder joint. The primary muscle group that supports the shoulder joint is the rotator cuff muscles. The four rotator cuff muscles include:[2] • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres minor • Subscapularis. Structure and Function The upper extremity is attached to the appendicular skeleton by way of the sternoclavicular joint.
    [Show full text]
  • The Muscles That Act on the Upper Limb Fall Into Four Groups
    MUSCLES OF THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON UPPER LIMB The muscles that act on the upper limb fall into four groups: those that stabilize the pectoral girdle, those that move the arm, those that move the forearm, and those that move the wrist, hand, and fingers. Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle (Marieb / Hoehn – Chapter 10; Pgs. 346 – 349; Figure 1) MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: ANTERIOR THORAX: anterior surface coracoid process protracts & depresses Pectoralis minor* pectoral nerves of ribs 3 – 5 of scapula scapula medial border rotates scapula Serratus anterior* ribs 1 – 8 long thoracic nerve of scapula laterally inferior surface stabilizes / depresses Subclavius* rib 1 --------------- of clavicle pectoral girdle POSTERIOR THORAX: occipital bone / acromion / spine of stabilizes / elevates / accessory nerve Trapezius* spinous processes scapula; lateral third retracts / rotates (cranial nerve XI) of C7 – T12 of clavicle scapula transverse processes upper medial border elevates / adducts Levator scapulae* dorsal scapular nerve of C1 – C4 of scapula scapula Rhomboids* spinous processes medial border adducts / rotates dorsal scapular nerve (major / minor) of C7 – T5 of scapula scapula * Need to be familiar with on both ADAM and the human cadaver Figure 1: Muscles stabilizing pectoral girdle, posterior and anterior views 2 BI 334 – Advanced Human Anatomy and Physiology Western Oregon University Muscles Moving Arm (Marieb / Hoehn – Chapter 10; Pgs. 350 – 352; Figure 2) MUSCLE: ORIGIN: INSERTION: INNERVATION: ACTION: intertubercular
    [Show full text]