Upper Limb : Muscles "Revision" Anatomy Team 434 Color Index: If you have any complaint or ▪ Important Points suggestion please don’t ▪ Helping notes hesitate to contact us on: [email protected] ▪ Explanation Muscles of shoulder region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Lateral 1/3 of clavicle + Deltoid tuberosity of Deltoid acromion and spine of Major abductor of the arm humerus scapula Axillary nerve Greater tuberosity of Teres minor Laterally rotates the arm humerus Lateral border of scapula Adducts at the shoulder and Teres major Bicipital groove of humerus Lower subscapular nerve medially rotates the arm Abducts the arm 0-15o, and Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa Greater tuberosity of assists deltoid for 15-90o Suprascapular nerve humerus Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa Laterally rotates the arm Lesser tuberosity of Upper and lower Subscapularis Subscapular fossa Medially rotates the arm humerus subscapular nerves All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of pectoral region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE -Sternum, -Adduct and medially rotate the Medial and Pectoralis -Upper 6 costal cartilages humerus Lateral lip of bicipital groove lateral pectoral major -Aponeurosis of external -The clavicular head also nerves oblique muscle performs flexion -Depression of shoulder Pectoralis 3rd, 4th, & 5th ribs close Medial pectoral Coracoid process -Draw the ribs upward & minor to their costal cartilages nerve outwards during deep inspiration Steadies or fixes the clavicle 1st rib at its costal Subclavian groove at the inferior Nerve to Subclavius during movement of the shoulder cartilage surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle subclavius joint -Draws the scapula forward -Rotates scapula outwards in Serratus Ventral aspect of the medial border Long thoracic Upper eight ribs raising the arm above 90 degree. anterior and inferior angle of the scapula nerve -Keep the scapula adherent to the chest wall Serratus anterior Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of arm region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE -Long Head from supraglenoid -Strong supinator of the tubercle of scapula (intracapsular) forearm (used in screwing) In the posterior part of the -Short Head from the tip of coracoid -Powerful flexor of elbow Biceps brachii radial tuberosity process of scapula -Weak flexor of shoulder, -The two heads join in the middle of produce supination the arm Musculocutaneous Middle of the medial side of Flexor & a weak adductor of Coracobrachialis Tip of the coracoid process the shaft of the humerus the arm Front of the lower half of Anterior surface of coronoid Musculocutaneous Brachialis Strong flexor of the forearm humerus process of ulna & Radial -Long head from infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula -Lateral head from the upper half of Common tendon inserted the posterior surface of the shaft of into the upper surface of the Strong extensor of the elbow Triceps brachii Radial nerve humerus above the spiral groove olecranon process of ulna joint -Medial head from the lower half of the posterior surface of the shaft of humerus below the spiral groove Biceps brachii Triceps brachii All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Coracobrachialis Brachialis All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of forearm (FLEXOR SUPERFICIAL) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Middle of lat. surface of Pronator teres Pronation & flexion of forearm radius Flexor carpi radialis Base of 2nd metacarpal bone Flexion & abduction of the hand Median nerve Common flexor origin (front of medial Into the flexor retinaculum & Flexes hand & tightens palmer Palmaris longus epicondyle) palmar aponeurosis aponeurosis Flexor carpi Pisiform, Ulnar nerve hook of Flexion and adduction of the hand Ulnar nerve ulnaris hamate 5th metacarpalbone -Common flexor origin Flexes middle and proximal Flexor digitorum Base of middle phalanges of -Coronoid process of ulna phalanges of medial 4 fingers, and Median nerve superficialis medial 4 finger -Anterior surface of radius the hand Muscles of forearm (FLEXOR DEEP) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Median nerve except Flexor digitorum Bases of distal phalanges of Flexes distal phalanges of medial 4 medial half are innervated Above ulna profundus medial 4 digits digits by the ulnar nerve flexes interphalangeal, Flexor pollicis Base of distal phalanx of Above radius metacarpophalangeal & longus thumb carpometacarpal joints of thumb Median nerve Pronator Above the ulna Distal fourth of ant. surface pronates forearm (primemover), quadratus & radius of radius helps to hold the bones together All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of forearm (EXTENSOR LATERAL) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE -Flexes forearm; (elbow) Brachioradialis Base of styloid process of radius -Rotates forearm to the midprone Lateral supracondylar position Radial nerve itself ridge of humerus Extensor carpi Posterior surface of base of 2nd Extends and abducts hand at wrist radialis longus metacarpal bone joint Muscles of forearm (EXTENSOR SUPERFICIAL) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Extensor carpi Extends and abducts hand at wrist Base of 3rd metacarpal bone radialis brevis joint Posterior Extensor digitorum Extensor expansion of the Extends medial four fingers at the interosseous medial 4 fingers MCP and IP joints nerve (continuation Extensor digiti common extensor Extensor expansion of the Extends the little finger, and Deep Branch of minimi origin, (front of medial 4 fingers contributes to extension at the wrist Radial Nerve) lateral epicondyle (PURELY MOTOR of the humerus nerve) Extensor carpi Base of the 5th metacarpal bone Extension and adduction of wrist ulnaris Posterior and lateral part of the Moves the ulna during pronation and Anconeus Radial nerve itself olecrannon extends at the elbow joint Muscles of forearm (EXTENSOR DEEP) region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE -Lateral epicondyle of the humerus posterior surface Supinator Supinates the forearm -Posterior surface of the ulna of the radius Abductor pollicis longus Interosseous membrane Abducts the thumb Posterior Extends at the metacarpophalangeal Extensor Posterior surface of the radius and interosseous nerve and carpometacarpal joints of the pollicis brevis interosseous membrane Thumb (continuation Deep thumb Branch of Radial Nerve) (PURELY Extends all joints of the thumb: MOTOR nerve) Extensor carpometacarpal, pollicis longus metacarpophalangeal and posterior surface of the ulna and interphalangeal interosseous membrane Extensor Index Extends the index finger indices All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of hand region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Palmar aponeurosis and flexor Corrugation of skin to Ulnar nerve Palmaris brevis Skin of palm retinaculum improve grip (Superficial branch) Abductor digiti minimi Pisiform Abduction (Hypothenar Eminence) Base of proximal phalanges of little finger Flexor digiti minimi brevis Flexor retinaculum Flexion (Hypothenar Eminence) Deep branch of Ulnar Opponens digiti minimi Medial margin of 5th Pulls the 5th metacarpal Palmar surface of 5th metacarpal (Hypothenar Eminence) metacarpal forward (Cup the palm) Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum (Scaphoid & Abduction (Thenar Eminence) Trapez) Base of proximal phalanges of the thumb Flexor pollicis brevis Flexion Median nerve (Thenar Eminence) Flexor retinaculum Oppenens pollicis Lateral part of 1st Opposition (Thenar Eminence) metacarpal Hypothenar Eminence Thenar Eminence All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Muscles of hand region Muscle ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE Oblique Head: Ant. bases of 2nd Medial side of base of prox.ph of Deep branch of &3rd metacarpal Adductor pollicis thumb Addiction Trans Head: 3rd metacarpal Ulnar nerve Flex metacarpophalangeal 1st & 2nd (Lateral Lumbrical muscles Extensor expansion of medial joints and extend two) : Median N. Tendons of Flex.dig. profundus (4 MUSCLES) four fingers interphalangeal joints of 3rd & 4th : Ulnar N fingers except thumb (Deep branch) First: Base of 1st metacarpal. Palmar interossei Other three: Ant. surface of Proximal phalanges of thumb , Adduction of fingers toward index, ring, & little fingers and shafts of 2nd , 4rd & 5th (4 MUSCLES) extensor expansion center of the 3rd one metacarpals Ulnar nerve Dorsal interossei Contiguous sides of shafts of Proximal phalang of index, ring , Abduction of fingers away (4 MUSCLES) metacarpals mid finger & extensor expansion from the 3rd one Lumbrical muscles All the pictures are taken from [ http://teachmeanatomy.info/ ] .. Done by: Noha AlGwaiz & Tariq AlHassan.