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Yozgat Ili Şefaatli Ilçesi Karanlıkdere Vadisi Arazilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

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Yozgat Ili Şefaatli Ilçesi Karanlıkdere Vadisi Arazilerinin Değerlendirilmesi YOZGAT İLİ ŞEFAATLİ İLÇESİ KARANLIKDERE VADİSİ ARAZİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE KULLANIM PLANLAMASI Bu çalışma, T.C. Orta Anadolu Kalkınma Ajansı tarafından yürütülen 2016 Yılı Doğrudan Faaliyet Desteği Programı çerçevesinde “Şefaatli Köylere Hizmet Götürme Birliği” tarafından uygulanan “Karanlıkdere Vadisi Ayva ve Üzüm Fizibilite Projesi” kapsamında hazırlanmıştır. “Orta Anadolu Kalkınma Ajansı Mali Destek Programları kapsamında hazırlanan bu yayının içeriği Orta Anadolu Kalkınma Ajansı ve/veya Kalkınma Bakanlığının görüşlerini yansıtmamakta olup, içerik ile ilgili tek sorumluluk Şefaatli Köylere Hizmet Götürme Birliğine aittir. 2017 İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................ II ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ .................................................................................................. VI ÇİZELGELER LİSTESİ ........................................................................................... VII ÖNSÖZ ........................................................................................................................ 1 1. GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................ 2 2. RAPORUN KONUSU VE AMACI ......................................................................... 4 3. MATERYAL VE METOD ...................................................................................... 5 3.1.Materyal .................................................................................................................. 5 3.1.1.Coğrafi Konum .................................................................................................... 5 3.1.2.İklim ..................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.3.Jeoloji ve Jeomorfoloji ........................................................................................ 7 3.1.4.Hidroloji ve Yeraltı Suları ................................................................................... 8 3.1.5.Bitki Örtüsü ......................................................................................................... 8 3.2.Metod ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.2.1.Toprak Etütte Takip Edilen Metodoloji ............................................................... 9 3.2.1.1.Foto yorum haritasının hazırlanması ................................................................ 9 3.2.1.2.Arazi çalışmaları ............................................................................................... 9 3.2.1.3.Toprak haritalarının hazırlanması ................................................................... 10 3.2.2.Morfolojik Analizler .......................................................................................... 10 3.2.3.Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Analizler .......................................................................... 11 3.2.4.Toprakların Sınıflandırılması ............................................................................ 11 3.2.5.Arazi Değerlendirme ve Potansiyel Kullanımların Belirlenmesi ...................... 11 4.ÇALIŞMA ALANI TOPRAK KAYNAKLARI ..................................................... 12 4.1.Çalışma Alanında Saptanan Toprak Serilerinin Morfolojik Özellikleri, Önemli Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri ................................................................................ 13 4.1.1.Genç Alüviyaller ................................................................................................ 13 4.1.1.1.Delice Serisi .................................................................................................... 13 4.1.1.2.Karanlık Serisi ................................................................................................ 17 4.1.1.3.Yerköy Serisi .................................................................................................. 20 4.1.2.Dağ Etekleri ....................................................................................................... 23 4.1.2.1.Şefaatli Serisi .................................................................................................. 23 4.1.2.2.Kale Serisi ....................................................................................................... 26 4.2.Çalışma Alanı Topraklarının Genel Dağılımları .................................................. 29 4.2.1.Çalışma Alanının Eğim Özelliği ........................................................................ 29 4.2.2.Çalışma Alanının Toprak Derinliği Özelliği ..................................................... 29 II 4.2.3.Çalışma Alanının Üst Toprak Tekstürü ............................................................. 30 4.2.4.Çalışma Alanının Erozyon Durumu .................................................................. 31 4.3.Toprak Su Karakteristikleri .................................................................................. 32 4.4.Çalışma Alanı Topraklarının Sınıflandırılması .................................................... 32 5.ÇALIŞMA ALANI TOPRAKLARININ VERİMLİLİK DURUMU ..................... 33 5.1.Makro Besin Elementleri ...................................................................................... 34 5.2.Mikro Besin Elementleri ...................................................................................... 35 6.ALANIN ARAZİ YETENEK SINIFLARI ............................................................. 37 7.ŞİMDİKİ (MEVCUT) ARAZİ KULLANIMI ........................................................ 41 7.1.Ayva ve Bağlardaki sorunlar ................................................................................ 45 8.ARAZİ DEĞERLENDİRMESİ VE POTANSİYEL KULLANIMLARI ............... 50 8.1.Arazi Kullanım Türleri (AKT) ve Grupları .......................................................... 50 8.2.Haritalama Birimleri (HB) ve Arazi Karakteristikleri .......................................... 50 8.3.Arazi Kullanım Türlerinin (AKT) Oransal Beklenilen Ürün (OBÜ) Değerleri ve Karlılık Endeks (KE) Değerleri ...................................................................... 50 8.4.Haritalama Birimlerinin (HB) Arazi Kullanım Türlerine (AKT) Uygunluğu ...... 51 8.5.Potansiyel Arazi Kullanım(POTKUL) Planlaması ............................................... 51 9.BAĞ YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ DEĞERLENDİRMESİ .................................................. 53 9.1.Üzüm ve Fizyolojisi .............................................................................................. 53 9.2. Meyve .................................................................................................................. 54 9.3.Anaç ve Çeşitlerinin Seçimi ................................................................................. 55 9.3.1.Ülkemizde Yaygın Asma Anaçları .................................................................... 55 9.3.1.1.Rupestris Du Lot ............................................................................................. 55 9.3.1.2.Berlandieri X Riparia Melezleri ..................................................................... 55 9.3.1.3.Vinifera X Amerikan Melezleri ...................................................................... 56 9.3.1.4.Bazı Türlerin Doğal Seleksiyonu Veya Değişik Melezlerinden Elde Edilen Çeşitleri ........................................................................................................... 56 9.3.2.Ülkemizde Yaygın Olarak Yetiştirilen Asma Çeşitleri ..................................... 57 9.3.3.Asmalarda Anaç ve Çeşitlerin İklim İstekleri ................................................... 60 9.3.4.Etkili Sıcaklık Toplamı ...................................................................................... 62 9.4.Çalışma Alanı Bağ Yetiştiriciliği Potansiyeli ....................................................... 63 10.AYVA YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ .................................................................................... 64 10.1.Ayva ve Fizyolojisi ............................................................................................. 64 10.2.Meyve ................................................................................................................. 65 10.3.Ayva Anaç ve Çeşit Seçimi ................................................................................ 65 10.3.1.Yaygın Ayva Anaçları ..................................................................................... 66 III 10.3.2.Ayva Çeşitleri .................................................................................................. 66 10.3.2.1.Yerli Çeşitler ................................................................................................. 66 10.3.2.2.Yabancı Çeşitler ........................................................................................... 68 10.3.3.Ayvalarda Anaç ve Çeşitlerin İklim İstekleri .................................................. 68 10.3.4.Toprak İstekleri ................................................................................................ 69 10.4.Çalışma Alanı Ayva Yetiştiriciliği Potansiyeli .................................................. 69 11.EKONOMİK ANALİZLER VE PAZAR BOYUTUNUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ............................................................................. 70 11.1. Yatırım Maliyetleri Analizi ............................................................................... 71 11.1.1. Bağ Tesisi
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