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Yozgat) Kalsedonlarının Mineralojik, Jeokimyasal Ve Gemolojik İncelemesi

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Yozgat) Kalsedonlarının Mineralojik, Jeokimyasal Ve Gemolojik İncelemesi T.C. AHİ EVRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ Aydıncık (Yozgat) Kalsedonlarının Mineralojik, Jeokimyasal ve Gemolojik İncelemesi Proje No: PYO-MÜH.4001.15.002 Yrd. Doç. Dr. İlkay KAYDU AKBUDAK Yrd. Doç. Dr. Meltem GÜRBÜZ Yrd. Doç. Dr. Zeynel BAŞIBÜYÜK Kimya Mühendisi Ümit ULUS EKİM 2016 KIRŞEHİR ÖNSÖZ Süstaşı, takı ve süs eşyası olarak kullanılan değişik renkli taş ve minerallere denir. Yüzyıllardan beridir, insanoğlunun yaşamında, süstaşları ile onlardan yapılan takı ve aletler, önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Süs taşları doğada yaygın olarak bulunan oksijen, karbon, alüminyum, silisyum, kalsiyum ve magnezyum gibi elementler tarafından oluşturulur. Son yıllarda süstaşlarının vermiş olduğu ruhsal ve fiziksel enerjiye olan farkındalığın artması nedeniyle doğal oluşmuş süstaşlarına olan talep katlanarak artmıştır. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Proje Yönetim Ofisi tarafından desteklenen bu proje kapsamında, Yozgat-Aydıncık bölgesindeki andezitlerdeki breşik seviyeler içerisinde kırık zonları ve boşlukları dolduran ikincil mavi kalsedon + ametist oluşumlarının mineralojisi, petrografisi, jeokimyası ve gemolojisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda elde edilecek veriler neticesinde bölgedeki kalsedon ve ametist oluşumlarının dağılımları, gemolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, bu cevherleşmenin ekonomik olarak kullanılabilirliğini ortaya koymuştur. Aynı zamanda bu cevherleşmenin mineralojik, petrografik ve jeokimyasal özelliklerinin ortaya çıkarılması bölgede ileride yapılacak bilimsel çalışmalara katkılar sağlayacaktır. i İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa ÖNSÖZ............................................................................................................................................ i İÇİNDEKİLER ................................................................................................................................ ii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ......................................................................................................................... iii ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ.................................................................................................................... iv ÖZET ............................................................................................................................................... v 1. GİRİŞ.......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Amaç ve Kapsam...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. İnceleme Alanının Tanıtılması ................................................................................................. 2 1.3. Önceki Çalışmalar .................................................................................................................... 2 2. MATERYAL VE METOT ....................................................................................................... 18 2.1. Optik Mikroskop İncelemeleri ................................................................................................. 18 2.2. X-ışını Kırınımı İncelemeleri ............................................................................................... 18 2.3. Jeokimyasal İncelemeler .......................................................................................................... 19 3. JEOLOJİK KONUM VE LİTOLOJİ ..................................................................................... 20 3.1. Bölgesel Jeoloji ........................................................................................................................ 20 3.2. Litostratigrafi Birimleri ............................................................................................................ 20 4. İNCELEMELER VE BULGULAR ......................................................................................... 22 4.1. Arazi Çalışmaları ...................................................................................................................... 22 4.2. Mineraloji-Petrografi İncelemeleri ........................................................................................... 30 4.3. XRD-TK İncelemeleri .............................................................................................................. 32 4.4. Jeokimya İncelemeleri .............................................................................................................. 36 4.5. Gemolojik İncelemeler ............................................................................................................. 36 5. SONUÇLAR .............................................................................................................................. 43 6. KAYNAKLAR ........................................................................................................................... 45 ii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ Sayfa Şekil 3.1. İnceleme alanının jeoloji haritası ................................................................................... 10 Şekil 4.1. Aydıncık batısı Keşlik mevkiinde içerisinde mavi kalsedon oluşumları içeren altere volkaniklerden (Andezit) genel görünüm. ....................................................................................... 23 Şekil 4.2. Aydıncık batısı Keşlik mevkiinde altere volkanikler içerisindeki breşik seviye ......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Şekil 4.3. Aydıncık batısı Keşlik mevkiinde altere volkaniklerdeki breşik seviye içerisinde gelişen mavi kalsedon oluşumları………………………………………..…….………………..……...24 Şekil 4.4. Aydıncık batısı Keşlik mevkiinde altere volkaniklerdeki breşik seviye içerisinde gelişen mavi kalsedon oluşumları ................................................................................................... 24 Şekil 4.5. Aydıncık batısı Keşlik mevkiinde altere volkaniklerdeki breşik seviye içerisinde gelişen mavi kalsedon oluşumları ................................................................................................... 25 Şekil 4.6. Aydıncık batısı Keşlik mevkiinde mavi kalsedon oluşumlarından yapılan düzensiz üretim .............................................................................................................................................. 25 Şekil 4.7. Hacıilyas güneybatı bölgesindeki altere volkaniklerden (Andezit) genel görünüm .. 26 Şekil 4.8. Hacıilyas güneybatı bölgesindeki faklı renk ve dokuya sahip kalsedonlar ................ 27 Şekil 4.9. Hacıilyas güneybatısı altere volkaniklerdeki breşik seviye içerisinde gelişen mavi kalsedon oluşumları ......................................................................................................................... 27 Şekil 4.10. Hacıilyas güneybatısı altere volkaniklerdeki breşik seviye içerisinde gelişen kalsit damarları ve içerisinde oluşmuş mavi kalsedon oluşumları ............................................................ 28 Şekil 4.11. Hacıilyas güneybatısı altere volkaniklerdeki breşik seviye içerisinde gelişen mavi kalsedon oluşumları ......................................................................................................................... 28 Şekil 4.12. Hacıilyas güneybatısı altere volkaniklerdeki breşik seviye içerisinde gelişen mavi kalsedon oluşumları ......................................................................................................................... 29 Şekil 4.13. Hacıilyas güneybatısı altere volkaniklerdeki breşik seviye içerisinde gelişmiş ametistler ......................................................................................................................................... 29 Şekil 4.14. Hacıilyas güneybatısı altere volkaniklerdeki breşik seviye içerisinde gelişmiş ametistler ......................................................................................................................................... 30 Şekil 4.15. Aydıncık batısı Keşlik mevkiinden alınan yan kayaç örneklerinde tamamıyla altere olmuş özşekilli amfibollerin tek nikol (solda) ve çift nikol (sağda) görüntüleri ........................................................................................................................... 31 Şekil 4.16. Hacıilyas güneybatısından alınan yan kayaç örneklerindeki özşekilli plajiyoklaz minerallerinin tek nikol (solda) ve çift nikol (sağda) görüntüleri .................... 31 iii Şekil 4.17. Aydıncık batısı Keşlik mevkiinden alınan cevherli örneklerde kenarlarda mikrokristalli ve merkezde makrokristalli kuvarsın tek nikol (solda) ve çift nikol (sağda) görüntüleri ....................................................................................................................................... 32 Şekil 4.18. Hacıilyas güneybatısından alınan cevherli örneklerde kalsit - kuvars dokanağının tek nikol (solda) ve çift nikol (sağda) görüntüleri ........................................................................... 32 Şekil 4.19. İnceleme sahasında bulunan farklı renk, kristal tane boyu ve mineral içeriğine sahip kalsedon+ametist+kuvars örnekleri. (A: YK-10 ametist+kuvars, B: YK-1 mavi- kahvemsikızıl kalsedon+kuvars, C: YK-2 mavi kalsedon+kuvars, D: YK-13 mavi kalsedon, E: YK-25 beyaz kalsedon+kuvars) ...................................................................................................... 33 Şekil 4.20. Ametist örneğinin (Şekil 4.17-A) XRD-TK çekimi ..................................................... 34 Şekil 4.21. Mavi-kahvemsikızıl kalsedon+kuvars (Şekil
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