DOCSLIB.ORG

Und Hausstaubproben Mittels Pcr-Sscp Und

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Und Hausstaubproben Mittels Pcr-Sscp Und TOBIAS JANKE MOLEKULARBIOLOGISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR PILZDIVERSITÄT IN STALL - UND HAUSSTAUBPROBEN MITTELS PCR-SSCP UND PARALLELSEQUENZIERUNG Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Tierhygiene Molekularbiologische Untersuchungen zur Pilzdiversität in Stall- und Hausstaubproben mittels PCR-SSCP und Parallelsequenzierung Tobias Janke Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. S. Scherer Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. J. Bauer 2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. E. von Mutius (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) Die Dissertation wurde am 22.05.2013 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernäh- rung, Landnutzung und Umwelt am 05.09.2013 angenommen. © 2014 by Tobias Janke, München, Deutschland Alle Rechte, auch die der Übersetzung und des Nachdrucks sowie jede Art der photomechanischen Wiedergabe oder der Übernahme auf Datenträger, auch auszugsweise, bleiben vorbehalten. Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Tierhygiene Weihenstephaner Berg 3 D-85354 Freising Herstellung: Hieronymus Verlag, Neuried Eine elektronische Version der Dissertation ist im Netz der Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität München veröffentlicht und unter der Internetadresse http://mediatum.ub.tum.de zu finden. Im Gedenken an meine Mutter 24.08.1949 – 21.01.2012 „Ja, das Alles auf Ehr‘, Das kann ich und noch mehr, Wenn man kann’s ungefähr, Ist’s nicht schwer – ist’s nicht schwer!“ Zigeunerbaron, Johann Strauss, 1885 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS I Inhaltsverzeichnis I Abkürzungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................. V II Tabellenverzeichnis .............................................................................................. VIII III Abbildungsverzeichnis ......................................................................................... XIII 1 Einleitung ....................................................................................................... 1 2 Literaturübersicht ........................................................................................... 3 2.1 Pilze ............................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 Biologie und systematische Klassifizierung ............................................ 3 2.1.2 Pilze in der Umwelt ................................................................................. 6 2.1.3 Pilze als Humanpathogene ..................................................................... 9 2.1.4 Zusammenhänge zwischen Pilzexposition und Asthmaprävalenz ........ 15 2.2 Qualitativer und quantitativer Nachweis von Pilzen ..................................... 17 2.2.1 Direktmikroskopie ................................................................................. 17 2.2.2 Kulturelle Nachweisverfahren ............................................................... 18 2.2.3 Kulturunabhängige Nachweisverfahren ................................................ 18 3 Material und Methoden ................................................................................ 31 3.1 Material ........................................................................................................ 31 3.1.1 Pilzspezies ............................................................................................ 31 3.1.2 Probenmaterial ...................................................................................... 33 3.1.3 Technische Geräte ................................................................................ 34 3.1.4 Verbrauchsmaterial ............................................................................... 36 3.1.5 Chemikalien .......................................................................................... 37 3.1.6 Herstellung der Gebrauchsmedien ....................................................... 39 3.2 Methoden .................................................................................................... 43 3.2.1 Allgemeine mikrobiologische Methoden ................................................ 43 3.2.2 Allgemeine molekularbiologische Methoden ......................................... 44 II INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 3.2.3 Adaption der Basismethoden an die Untersuchung von Pilzgemeinschaften in der Matrix Staub ................................................ 52 3.2.4 PCR-SSCP zur Untersuchung von Pilzgemeinschaften in Staubproben (Darstellung der validierten Endmethode) ............................................. 60 3.2.5 Untersuchung der Pilzdiversität in Stall- und Hausstaubproben ........... 62 3.2.6 Molekularepidemiologische Untersuchungen zur Assoziation zwischen Schimmelpilzexposition und Asthmarisiko bei Schulkindern (GABRIEL) .............................................................................................................. 63 4 Ergebnisse .................................................................................................. 69 4.1 Adaption der PCR-SSCP Basismethode an die Untersuchung von Pilzgemeinschaften in Stall- und Hausstaubproben .................................... 69 4.1.1 Gezielte Auswahl und Evaluierung eines geeigneten Primerpaares ..... 69 4.1.2 Auswahl eines geeigneten DNA-Extraktionsverfahrens ........................ 78 4.1.3 Entwicklung eines PCR-SSCP-Pilz-Speziesstandards („Spec“) ........... 81 4.1.4 Reproduzierbarkeit der entwickelten PCR-SSCP-Methode .................. 82 4.2 Untersuchung der Pilzdiversität in Stall- und Hausstaubproben .................. 86 4.2.1 PCR-SSCP-Analyse ............................................................................. 86 4.2.2 Kulturelle Untersuchungen .................................................................... 88 4.2.3 Parallelsequenzierung .......................................................................... 89 4.2.4 Vergleich von PCR-SSCP-Analyse, Parallelsequenzierung und kulturellen Untersuchungen von Stall- und Hausstaubproben .............. 93 4.3 Molekularepidemiologische Untersuchungen zur Feststellung von Assoziationen zwischen Schimmelpilzexposition und Asthmarisiko bei Schulkindern (GABRIEL) ............................................................................. 94 4.3.1 PCR-SSCP-Analyse von Matratzenstaubproben (GABRIEL) ............... 94 4.3.2 Parallelsequenzierung von Matratzenstaubproben (GABRIEL) – Pilotversuch ........................................................................................ 123 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS III 5 Diskussion ................................................................................................. 131 5.1 Adaption der PCR-SSCP-Analysemethode und der Parallelsequenzierungstechnologie an die Untersuchung von Stall- und Hausstaubproben ...................................................................................... 131 5.1.1 DNA-Extraktionsverfahren .................................................................. 131 5.1.2 Primerauswahl .................................................................................... 133 5.1.3 Kulturunabhängige Untersuchungen von Pilzgemeinschaften mittels PCR-SSCP ......................................................................................... 138 5.1.4 Quantitative Bestimmung der Pilzexposition ....................................... 142 5.2 Untersuchungen zur Pilzdiversität in Stall- und Hausstaubproben ............ 143 5.2.1 Kultivierungsversuche ......................................................................... 143 5.2.2 PCR-SSCP-Analyse und Sanger-Sequenzierung ............................... 144 5.2.3 Parallelsequenzierung zur Bestimmung der Pilzdiversität in Stall- und Hausstaubproben ................................................................................ 146 5.3 Molekularepidemiologische Untersuchungen zur Feststellung von Assoziationen zwischen Schimmelpilzexposition und Asthmarisiko bei Schulkindern (GABRIEL) ........................................................................... 150 5.3.1 PCR-SSCP-Analyse und Sequenzierung ........................................... 151 5.3.2 Parallelsequenzierung von Matratzenstaubproben zur Ermittlung der Diversität und der Assoziation spezifischer Sequenzen bezüglich Asthma ............................................................................................................ 162 6 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick .............................................................. 167 7 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................... 169 8 Summary ................................................................................................... 171 9 Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................................... 173 IV INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 10 Anhang ...................................................................................................... 207 10.1 Anhang A: Tabellen ................................................................................... 207 10.1.1 Anhang A1: Bestimmung der Ähnlichkeiten von SSCP-Bandenprofilen (Pearson Korrelations-Koeffizient (%)) von jeweils einer Staubprobe unterschiedlicher Herkunft) ................................................................. 207 10.1.2 Anhang A2: Darstellung
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Paenibacillus Elgii Kocuria Rosea Bacillus Horikoshii Curtobacterium
    9/25/2016 Kocuria rosea Paenibacillus elgii Where we found it: Where we found it: On a Mars Exploration On a Mars Exploration Rover Rover before launch before launch (2004) at the Jet (2004) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL- Propulsion Laboratory NASA, Pasadena, CA) (JPL-NASA, Pasadena, CA) Why it’s awesome: Why it’s awesome: This microbe is being studied This microbe produces for its ability to degrade (currently unknown) feathers which would have (photo from JPL) antimicrobials effective (photo by Alex Alexiev) applications in industrial waste (photo from JPL) against a wide range of management Fun Fact: fungi and bacteria Fun Fact: When applied to soil this microbe has been shown to This microbe is so commonly found on microbiology plates enhance growth of both tobacco and peanut at UC Davis that the students have nicknamed it “Henry” Regular Season Stats Regular Season Stats Time to saturation: 83 hrs Time to saturation: 67 hrs Time to exponential growth: 50 hrs Time to exponential growth: 9 hrs Growth Growth density: 52% Growth Growth density: 100% Description: Gram variable, faculative Description: Gram-positive, coccoid, Days Days anaerobe, rod-shaped, spore forming anaerobic Originally isolated: In Germany as “Micrococcus Originally isolated from: Shiso roots in roseus” in 1889 Korea (2004) Bacillus horikoshii Curtobacterium pusillum Where we found it: On a football field sample Where we found it: collected by the Pop Warner On the outside of Aggie Saints cheerleaders (Port Stadium, UC Davis, CA. Reading, NJ) Why it’s awesome:
    [Show full text]
  • Príloha Č. 1. Králová S. (2017) Role of Fatty Acids in Cold Adaptation Of
    Príloha č. 1. Králová S. (2017) Role of fatty acids in cold adaptation of Antarctic psychrophilic Flavobacterium spp. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 40(6): 329-333. Doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.06.001 Systematic and Applied Microbiology 40 (2017) 329–333 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Systematic and Applied Microbiology j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.de/syapm Role of fatty acids in cold adaptation of Antarctic psychrophilic Flavobacterium spp. Stanislava Králová Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Cold-loving microorganisms developed numerous adaptation mechanisms allowing them to survive in Received 9 May 2017 extremely cold habitats, such as adaptation of the cell membrane. The focus of this study was on the Received in revised form 8 June 2017 membrane fatty acids of Antarctic Flavobacterium spp., and their adaptation response to cold-stress. Fatty Accepted 12 June 2017 acids and cold-response of Antarctic flavobacteria was also compared to mesophilic and thermophilic members of the genus Flavobacterium. The results showed that the psychrophiles produced more types Keywords: of major fatty acids than meso- and thermophilic members of this genus, namely C15:1 iso G, C15:0 iso, Flavobacterium C15:0 anteiso, C15:1 ω6c, C15:0 iso 3OH, C17:1 ω6c, C16:0 iso 3OH and C17:0 iso 3OH, summed features 3 Antarctic bacteria ω ω ω Adaptation (C16:1 7cand/or C16:1 6c) and 9 (C16:0 10-methyl and/or C17:1 iso 9c).
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    Final Report Study of glutamate decarboxylase gene from GABA-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kung-Som, the traditional Thai fermented shrimp Investigator Suppasil Maneerat Department of Industrial Biotechnology Faculty of Agro-Industry Prince of Songkla University This research project was supported by Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, for the fiscal year of 2013-2014 (Grant No. AGR560008S) 2015 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was financially supported by Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, for the fiscal year of 2013-2014 (Grant No. AGR560008S). Suppasil Maneerat ii ABSTRACT Kung-Som is one of several traditional Thai fermented shrimp products, especially popular in the southern part of Thailand. This is the first report to reveal the bacterial communities in the finished product of Kung-Som. Ten Kung-Som samples were evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) methodology combined with appropriated primers to study the dynamics of the bacterial population. Two primers sets (V3; 341f(GC)-518r and rpoB; rpoB1698f(GC)-rpoB2014r primers) were considered as a possible tool for study the communities of bacteria. PCR- DGGE analysis of both the V3-region and rpoB amplicon was successfully applied to discriminate between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and other Gram positive strains in the bacterial communities of Kung-Som products. These preliminary results concluded that the main microbiology of finished product of Kung-Som was LAB and coagulase negative cocci (CNC). Kung-Som presents a high glutamic acid which is a major substrate for biosynthesis of natural γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by LAB. The GABA-producing LAB from Kung- Som products were isolated, screened and identified.
    [Show full text]
  • The Novel Macrolide Resistance Genes Mef(F) and Msr(G)
    J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76: 48–54 doi:10.1093/jac/dkaa405 Advance Access publication 29 October 2020 The novel macrolide resistance genes mef(F) and msr(G) are located on a plasmid in Macrococcus canis and a transposon in Macrococcus caseolyticus Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/76/1/48/5942709 by Universitaetsbibliothek Bern user on 01 March 2021 Javier Eduardo Fernandez, Vincent Perreten* and Sybille Schwendener Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Received 18 May 2020; accepted 1 September 2020 Objectives: To analyse macrolide resistance in a Macrococcus canis strain isolated from a dog with an ear infec- tion, and determine whether the resistance mechanism is also present in other bacteria, and associated with mobile genetic elements. Methods: The whole genome of M. canis Epi0082 was sequenced using PacBio and Illumina technologies. Novel macrolide resistance determinants were identified through bioinformatic analysis, and functionality was dem- onstrated by expression in Staphylococcus aureus. Mobile genetic elements containing the novel genes were analysed in silico for strain Epi0082 as well as in other bacterial strains deposited in GenBank. Results: M. canis Epi0082 contained a 3212 bp operon with the novel macrolide resistance genes mef(F) and msr(G) encoding a efflux protein and an ABC-F ribosomal protection protein, respectively. Cloning in S. aureus confirmed that both genes individually confer resistance to the 14- and 15-membered ring macrolides erythromycin and azithromycin, but not the 16-membered ring macrolide tylosin. A reduced susceptibility to the streptogramin B pristinamycin IA was additionally observed when msr(G) was expressed in S.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1. New and Emended Taxa Described Since Publication of Volume One, Second Edition of the Systematics
    188 THE REVISED ROAD MAP TO THE MANUAL Appendix 1. New and emended taxa described since publication of Volume One, Second Edition of the Systematics Acrocarpospora corrugata (Williams and Sharples 1976) Tamura et Basonyms and synonyms1 al. 2000a, 1170VP Bacillus thermodenitrificans (ex Klaushofer and Hollaus 1970) Man- Actinocorallia aurantiaca (Lavrova and Preobrazhenskaya 1975) achini et al. 2000, 1336VP Zhang et al. 2001, 381VP Blastomonas ursincola (Yurkov et al. 1997) Hiraishi et al. 2000a, VP 1117VP Actinocorallia glomerata (Itoh et al. 1996) Zhang et al. 2001, 381 Actinocorallia libanotica (Meyer 1981) Zhang et al. 2001, 381VP Cellulophaga uliginosa (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Bowman 2000, VP 1867VP Actinocorallia longicatena (Itoh et al. 1996) Zhang et al. 2001, 381 Dehalospirillum Scholz-Muramatsu et al. 2002, 1915VP (Effective Actinomadura viridilutea (Agre and Guzeva 1975) Zhang et al. VP publication: Scholz-Muramatsu et al., 1995) 2001, 381 Dehalospirillum multivorans Scholz-Muramatsu et al. 2002, 1915VP Agreia pratensis (Behrendt et al. 2002) Schumann et al. 2003, VP (Effective publication: Scholz-Muramatsu et al., 1995) 2043 Desulfotomaculum auripigmentum Newman et al. 2000, 1415VP (Ef- Alcanivorax jadensis (Bruns and Berthe-Corti 1999) Ferna´ndez- VP fective publication: Newman et al., 1997) Martı´nez et al. 2003, 337 Enterococcus porcinusVP Teixeira et al. 2001 pro synon. Enterococcus Alistipes putredinis (Weinberg et al. 1937) Rautio et al. 2003b, VP villorum Vancanneyt et al. 2001b, 1742VP De Graef et al., 2003 1701 (Effective publication: Rautio et al., 2003a) Hongia koreensis Lee et al. 2000d, 197VP Anaerococcus hydrogenalis (Ezaki et al. 1990) Ezaki et al. 2001, VP Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae (Aranaz et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Special Issue
    BioMed Research International Environmental Biotechnology: Current Advances, New Knowledge Gaps, and Emerging Issues Guest Editors: Abd El-Latif Hesham, T. Komang Ralebitso-Senior, Yu Zhang, and Qing X. Li Environmental Biotechnology: Current Advances, New Knowledge Gaps, and Emerging Issues BioMed Research International Environmental Biotechnology: Current Advances, New Knowledge Gaps, and Emerging Issues Guest Editors: Abd El-Latif Hesham, T. Komang Ralebitso-Senior, Yu Zhang, and Qing X. Li Copyright © 2015 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contents Environmental Biotechnology: Current Advances, New Knowledge Gaps, and Emerging Issues, Abd El-Latif Hesham, T. Komang Ralebitso-Senior, Yu Zhang, and Qing X. Li Volume 2015, Article ID 814529, 2 pages Safety Evaluation of the Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Microbiota of Salami: Superantigenic Toxin Production and Antimicrobial Resistance, Raquel Soares Casaes Nunes, Eduardo Mere Del Aguila, and Vânia Margaret Flosi Paschoalin Volume 2015, Article ID 483548, 17 pages Improved Sugar Production by Optimizing Planetary Mill Pretreatment and Enzyme Hydrolysis Process, Jeong Heo Kwon, Siseon Lee, Jae-Won Lee, Youn-Woo Hong, Jeong Ho Chang, Daekyung Sung, Sung Hyun Kim, Byoung-In Sang, Robert J. Mitchell, and Jin Hyung Lee Volume 2015, Article ID 267538, 5 pages Fabrication of an Amperometric Flow-Injection Microfluidic Biosensor Based on Laccase for In Situ Determination of Phenolic Compounds,JuanC.Gonzalez-RiveraandJohannF.Osma Volume 2015, Article ID 845261, 9 pages Comparison of Different Strategies for Selection/Adaptation of Mixed Microbial Cultures Able to Ferment Crude Glycerol Derived from Second-Generation Biodiesel,C.Varrone,T.M.B.Heggeset, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Resources on the South American Camelids: Llamas
    Information Resources on the South United States Department of Agriculture American Camelids: Llamas, Alpacas, Guanacos, and Vicunas 1943-2006 Agricultural Research Service November 2001 (Updated February 2006) National Agricultural AWIC Resource Series No. 12 Library Updated by: Information Resources on the South American Camelids: Llamas, Alpacas, Guanacos, and Vicunas 2004- 2008 Animal Welfare Information Center Compiled by: Jean Larson Judith Ho Animal Welfare Information Center USDA, ARS, NAL 10301 Baltimore Ave. Beltsville, MD 20705 Contact us : http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/contact.php PPF Shanghai Silk Photograph courtesy of owner Raccoon Ridge Farm, Mt. Airy, MD Web Policies and Links Table of Contents Introduction Acknowledgments About this Document Bibliography Selected Web Resources The South American Camelids: Llamas, Alpacas, Guanacos, and Vicunas 1943-2006 Introduction The Camelidae family consists of a small family of mammalian animals. There are two members of Old World camels living in Africa and Asia--Arabian and the Bactrian, and four members of the New World camels living in South America--the llamas, vicunas, alpacas and guanacos. They are all very well adapted to their respective environments: the camels in harsh deserts of Africa and Asia; and their South American cousins inhabit the high altiplano and bush area of South America. Most of these species have been integrated into, and play very important roles in lives of the indigenous people. They have been traditionally used for transport of people and things, hides and fibers for clothing and other textile articles, and in many cases they supply meat and milk products, etc. The South American species are being raised in non-native countries for a variety of reasons: as pack animals, pets, guard animals for sheep ranges, and for fiber.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Identification of Ticks and Molecular
    Morphological Identication of Ticks and Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens from Bare- Nosed Wombats (Vombatus Ursinus) Danielle Beard Western Sydney University - Hawkesbury Campus Hayley J Stannard Charles Sturt University Julie M Old ( [email protected] ) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2754-7757 Research Keywords: wombat, tick, microbiome, pathogen, 16S, next generation sequencing, bacteria Posted Date: May 8th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-26475/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on January 19th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04565-6. Page 1/37 Abstract Background Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of vertebrate hosts and transmit the widest range of pathogenic organisms of any arthropod vector. Seven tick species are known to feed on bare- nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus), in addition to the highly prevalent Sarcoptes scabiei mite which causes fatal sarcoptic mange in most bare-nosed wombat populations. Little is known about the pathogens carried by most wombat ticks or how they impact wombats affected by sarcoptic mange. Methods Wombat ticks were sourced from wildlife hospitals and sanctuaries across Australia and identied to species level using taxonomic keys. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from a subsample, and following the amplication of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 hypervariable region, next generation sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform was used to assess the microbial composition. Results A total of 447 tick specimens were collected from 47 bare-nosed wombats between January 2019 and January 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Microorganisms Isolated from Sawmill and Poultry Farm and Their Long Term Health Effects in Human Health
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(3): 809-821 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 03 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.803.098 Microorganisms Isolated from Sawmill and Poultry Farm and their Long Term Health Effects in Human Health B.S. Baranu* and E. Edmund Department of Microbiology, Rivers State, University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Microorganisms from dusts of organic origin was identified from some saw mill, (Site 1) and a poultry farm (Site 1) in Port Harcourt. The exposure to these organic dusts by people employed in these establishments over a long period of time can lead to occupational health diseases especially in immune compromised persons. Nutrient Agar, Sabaroud K e yw or ds Dextrose Agar (SDA), and Mac Conkey Agar (MA) in sedimentation method were used to isolate microorganisms. In Sample Site1, the Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) was Sawmill and greater than the Total Enteric Bacteria (TEB) and the Total Aerobic Fungi (TAF) on a dry Poultry farm, day while the THB is greater than TAF ˃ TEB on a wet season. While in station 2, THB> Microorganisms TEB > TAF during the dry season and THB >TEB > TAF during the wet season. This Article Info result revealed that heterotrophic bacteria are the most dominant during the rainy and dry season in both sites. Between the two sites, microbial concentration in Site 2 (poultry 2 2 Accepted: farm) at 2.115cfu/10min/m is greater than Station 1(sawmill) at 1.608cfu/10min/m ), this 07 February 2019 might be due to the fact that it is a confined area in which birds are bred and its system of Available Online: ventilation is poor.
    [Show full text]
  • Vombatus Ursinus) Danielle Beard1, Hayley J
    Beard et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:60 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04565-6 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Morphological identifcation of ticks and molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens from bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) Danielle Beard1, Hayley J. Stannard2 and Julie M. Old1* Abstract Background: Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of vertebrate hosts and transmit the widest range of pathogenic organisms of any arthropod vector. Seven tick species are known to feed on bare-nosed wombats (Vom- batus ursinus), in addition to the highly prevalent Sarcoptes scabiei mite which causes fatal sarcoptic mange in most bare-nosed wombat populations. Little is known about the pathogens carried by most wombat ticks or how they may impact wombats and wombat handlers. Methods: Wombat ticks were sourced from wildlife hospitals and sanctuaries across Australia and identifed to spe- cies level using taxonomic keys. Genomic DNA was extracted from a subsample, and following the amplifcation of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 hypervariable region, next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform was used to assess the microbial composition. Results: A total of 447 tick specimens were collected from 47 bare-nosed wombats between January 2019 and Janu- ary 2020. Five species of ticks were identifed comprising wombat tick Bothriocroton auruginans (n 420), wallaby tick Haemaphysalis bancrofti (n 8), bush tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (n 3), common marsupial tick= Ixodes tasmani (n 12), and Australian paralysis= tick Ixodes holocyclus (n 4). Tick infestations= ranged from one to 73 ticks per wombat. The= wombat tick was the most prevalent tick species comprising= 94% of the total number of samples and was pre- sent on 97.9% (46/47) of wombat hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization of Conditions for the Biological
    F1000Research 2018, 7:351 Last updated: 17 MAY 2019 RESEARCH ARTICLE RETRACTED: Optimization of conditions for the biological treatment of textile dyes using isolated soil bacteria [version 1; peer review: retracted] Shafkat Shamim Rahman 1,2, Fahim Ahmed Alif1, M. Mahboob Hossain1 1Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh 2United Surgical (BD) Ltd, Kadda, Gazipur, 1702, Bangladesh Retraction The article titled “Optimization of conditions for the biological treatment of textile dyes using isolated soil bacteria” ([version 1; referees: peer review discontinued]. F1000Research 2018, 7:351 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13757.1) by Shafkat Shamim Rahman and colleagues, has been retracted by F1000Research on grounds of misconduct by the first author. Following publication of the article, the editorial team at F1000Research were notified by Romana Siddique, from BRAC University, that the data presented in this paper significantly overlaps with the data in her recently published article : Siddique and Alif; ARRB, 22(5): 1-12, 2018; Article no.ARRB.38637; https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2018/38637. In response to our queries to the authors, the second and last author listed on this article, Fahim Ahmed Alif and M. Mahboob Hossain, have stated that they were not aware of the submission of this article to F1000Research, and did not agree to be authors. We have evidence which confirms their statement. After further investigation by the F1000Research team, and a separate investigation by BRAC University, it has become clear that Shafkat Shamim Rahman was not involved with the research presented in this paper, and that the decision to submit and publish the article was taken independently by him, and not his listed co-authors.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Hollister, N., the Domestication of the Llama. Science, 1918. 47(1219): P
    1. Hollister, N., The Domestication of the Llama. Science, 1918. 47(1219): p. 461. 2. Means, P.A., The Domestication of the Llama. Science, 1918. 47(1211): p. 268-269. 3. Stordy, C.R.J., THE BREEDING OF SHEEP, LLAMA AND ALPACA IN PERU, WITH A VIEW TO SUPPLYING IMPROVED RAW MATERIAL TO THE TEXTILE TRADES. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 1921. 69(3556): p. 118-132. 4. Dell, A., Llama Land : East and West of the Andes in Peru. 1926, [S.l.]: Geoffrey Bles. 5. Gonza\Lez Posada, A., La Llama. 1926: Valencia. 6. Espina, C., Las Nin\0303as desaparecidas. Novela. (La Llama de Cera. Novela.). 1928: Madrid. 7. McIntosh, W.C.-M.a., Notes on a female llama. 1930, Cambridge. 8. Espina, C., Llama de Cera. 1931: Madrid. 9. Wells, H.G., La Llama Inmortal. 1934, Buenos Aires: Claridad. 10. Garcia Calderon, V.-M.a., et al., The white llama : being La venganza del condor of V. G. Calderon, now translated into English for the first time. 1938, London: Golden Cockerel Press. 123, [5]p. 11. Malkus, A.S., The Silver Llama. Story and pictures. 1939, Philadelphia: J. C. Winston Co. 12. Yankas, L.p., La llama. Novela, etc. 1939, Santiago, Chile: Editorial Nascimento. 13. Lorant, S., Chamberlain and The Beautiful Llama. 1940, [S.l.]: Hulton Press. 14. Tomas, M., La Mariposa y la Llama. 1942: Madrid. 15. Barea, A. and I. Barea, The clash. 1946, London: Fontana. 16. Aristeguieta, J., Poema de la llama y del clavel, etc. 1948, Caracas: Tipografi\0301a Garrido. 17. Guzman, J.H., Argentina is your name.
    [Show full text]