Yorkshire & the Humber
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State of the Historic Environment Report 2002 YORKSHIRE The State of the Historic Environment in the Yorkshire Region 2002 COVER IMAGE: In 2000, the historic environment sector, under the co-ordination of English Heritage, was asked by The Aakash Restaurant, Bradford. the government to undertake a review of future policy and strategy for the historic environment. The conversion of a 1 disused Grade II* listed The outcome of that review, “Power of Place” , recommended that a regular report be produced former chapel into on the condition of the historic environment of England. In its response to “Power of Place”2, the the World's largest Indian restaurant Government supported this course of action and asked English Heritage to produce a pilot was achieved following a £1.7m privately- State of the Historic Environment Report (SHER) by the end of 2002. funded restoration programme.The former Congregational chapel Within the Yorkshire Region, at the end of 2001 the Regional Development Agency,Yorkshire (dated 1857-1859) Forward, funded a pilot Project run by the Regional Office of English Heritage which aimed to went on the English Heritage Buildings at establish a set of indicators which could be used, both at a regional and national level, to monitor Risk List in 1997 and 3 came off the list in the state of the historic environment.That Study, “Indicators of Yorkshire’s Historic Environment” , 2001 following this also commenced work collating background information which could form the basis for the magnificent renovation. development of a State of the Historic Environment Report for the Yorkshire Region. 1 English Heritage, Power of Place, 2000. This Report builds upon the work undertaken as part of that Study and is one of the Regional 2 DCMS, Force for our components of the national State of the Historic Environment Report alongside which it is Future, 2001. published. Its purpose is to add a Regional dimension to the content of the national document. 3 CAG Consultants & CBA, Indicators of Unfortunately, because of the very tight timescale for the document’s production, it has not been Yorkshire’s Historic possible to commission new survey work or develop the full range of indicators.This first State of Environment, 2002. the Historic Environment Report for Yorkshire, therefore, draws together and, to a certain extent, analyses information currently available. In producing this Report, English Heritage has attempted to involve as many regional organisations and bodies as possible. Unfortunately, the relatively short time-scale for its production has meant that it has not been possible to engage with as many regional partners as we would have liked. In future years, however, it is the intention to fully involve the whole of the historic environment sector so that the Yorkshire State of the Historic Environment Report can become a document that is representative of all who are involved with the historic environment within this Region. 2 4 Regional Trends, SECTION 1 SECTION 2 – LISTED BUILDINGS 2001 taken from REGIONAL PROFILE THE HISTORIC www.statistics.gov.uk WHAT THEY ARE AND ENVIRONMENT 5 Regional Trends, HOW THEY ARE CHOSEN 2001, Ibid. At 15,411 sq. km, the Yorkshire and OF THE YORKSHIRE the Humber Region is the fifth largest The list of buildings of special 6 Regional Trends, of the nine English Regions and forms REGION architectural or historic interest is 2001, Ibid. almost 12% of the total land area of compiled by the Secretary of State 7 At March 2002. England. In 1999, it had a population INTRODUCTION for Culture, Media and Sport on the of 5,047,000 (about 10% of the total 8 Information provided advice of English Heritage.Within by Bradford MDC. for the country) at an average density The impact of man upon the the Yorkshire Region there are of 327 persons per sq. km (compared environment of Yorkshire and the 31,492 entries on the DCMS list7. to the national average of 381 Humber is visible everywhere This represents 8.3% of the total persons per sq. km). However, across throughout the Region. Even the most number of Listed Building entries in the Region, there were considerable remote upland areas, such as the England. However, the figures on the variations, the highest density being North York Moors, bear witness to DCMS list relate to Listed Building recorded in Kingston Upon Hull man’s influence upon the landscape. “entries” and not to individual (which had 3,632 people per sq. km) This Report, however, concentrates buildings or structures.Thus, a terrace the lowest in Ryedale (which had just upon those elements of the historic of houses (which may comprise a 32 people per sq. km – which was environment whose importance is number of separate “buildings”) is the fifth lowest density of any local 4 recognized, either nationally or locally, often given a single list entry. In authority area in England) . through specific designations. Some Bradford, for example, although of these (such as Scheduled Ancient there are 2,328 list entries, the local Yorkshire and the Humber is one Monuments) are laid down by Act planning authority estimates that of the most diverse of the English of Parliament; others (such as the there are, in fact, over 5,800 individual Regions. In the south-west, it is heavily Register of Historic Parks and Listed Buildings or structures8. urbanised and 75% of its population Gardens) have been established by lives in the three cities of Leeds, bodies such as English Heritage. There are a wide range of Listed Bradford and Sheffield. Conversely, This Section looks at each of the Buildings and structures within the to the north and east, there is an elements of the designated historic region.They range from simple extensive rural area which accounts environment of the Region. It explains workers cottages to spectacular for over 12% of England’s agricultural how they are chosen, the amount of country houses and from milestones land. More than one-sixth of the total protection provided to them once and telephone boxes to colliery baths area of Yorkshire and the Humber is they are designated, their geographical and telecommunications masts. Listed Green Belt and 6% is designated as an distribution across the Region, an Buildings are categorised into one of Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. assessment of their condition and, three Grades according to their level Over 20% of the Region lies within finally, the amount of development of importance.Those within Grade I one of two National Parks (the 5 pressure they are under. are buildings of outstanding interest highest percentage of any Region) . (such as York Minster). 2.1% of the Listed Buildings in the Region fall into Manufacturing industry accounted this category (compared to 2.4 % for some 26% of GDP in 1998 nationally).The second highest (compared to 20% for the UK as a category are Grade II* buildings which whole) and agriculture 1.6% of GDP are considered to be particularly (compared to 1.3% for the UK). important buildings of more than The employment rate for people of local interest. Approximately 4.7% of working age in Spring 2000, at 73.5%, the Listed Buildings in Yorkshire and was among the highest in the UK. the Humber fall within this Grade However, there were considerable (compared to 5.6% in England). variations across the region with large The majority of Listed Buildings are parts included within Objective 1 Listed Grade II (93% of the Regional and Objective 2 areas. 79 Wards total, compared to 91% nationally). are in the most deprived 10% 6 There have been 115 entries added in the country . to the List for this Region since 1999. 3 9 English Heritage Of the local planning authorities in Under the directions in Circular 91 (or 6.2% of the Regional total) of Register of Buildings the Region, Kirklees has not only the 01/01, this provision is cancelled Grade II* Listed Buildings in Yorkshire at Risk first published 1998. greatest number of Listed Buildings for most Grade II cases. For the and the Humber are considered to (9.6% of the total number of Listed remainder, English Heritage advises be at risk (compared to a national 10 Source: English Heritage,Yorkshire Buildings in the Region) but also the the Secretary of State on whether figure of 3.9%).There has been a Region. greatest density of Listed Buildings per to call-in applications for his own drop in the net figure of buildings sq. km.The East Riding of Yorkshire determination, and is consulted on on the register of 28 since 1999 has the largest total of buildings in those applications which would be representing a reduction from 7.2% the highest two Grades reflecting its notified to the Secretary of State, in to 5.8% of the stock of Grade I and many high-grade rural churches and order to be able to offer timely advice II* Buildings in the Region being its numerous country houses. intended to avoid the need for the identified as being at risk. TABLE 1. Secretary of State’s intervention. The 1999 Register for Yorkshire contained 176 buildings and DEGREE OF PROTECTION CONDITION OF LISTED monuments. Of these 54 (31%) PROVIDED BY THE DESIGNATION BUILDINGS WITHIN THE REGION have been secured for the future and removed from the Register. Once a building is Listed, Listed Proportion of Grade I and II* TABLE 2. Building Consent is required for Listed Buildings “at risk” any works, both external or internal, Since 1998, English Heritage has which affect its character as a building published an annual “Register of 9 Proportion of Grade II of special architectural or historic Buildings at Risk” .This Register lists Listed Buildings at risk interest.